WO2015133247A1 - Carbamic acid ester production method - Google Patents
Carbamic acid ester production method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015133247A1 WO2015133247A1 PCT/JP2015/053954 JP2015053954W WO2015133247A1 WO 2015133247 A1 WO2015133247 A1 WO 2015133247A1 JP 2015053954 W JP2015053954 W JP 2015053954W WO 2015133247 A1 WO2015133247 A1 WO 2015133247A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C269/00—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C269/04—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups from amines with formation of carbamate groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a carbamate by reacting carbon dioxide, an amine and a metal alkoxide compound.
- Polyurethane is a typical general-purpose polymer that is used as life / building materials, automobile parts, paints, and the like.
- polyurethane is produced by reacting a polyfunctional isocyanate with a polyfunctional alcohol.
- Isocyanates are synthesized from amines and phosgene.
- phosgene is extremely toxic and a large amount of hydrogen chloride is by-produced in the reaction of phosgene, development of an isocyanate synthesis method with a lower environmental impact has been strongly desired.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a method in which a nitro compound is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of alcohol
- a method in which an amine is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of alcohol (1) a method in which an amine is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of alcohol (Non-Patent Document 1), and (2) a method in which an amine is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of alcohol.
- Non-patent document 1 (3) Method of reacting amine and organic halogen compound with carbon dioxide (Non-patent document 2), (4) Method of reacting amine with carbonate (Non-patent document 3), (5) A method of reacting carbon dioxide with an amine and alcohol in the presence of a dehydrating agent (Non-Patent Document 4) is known.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems in the synthesis of conventional carbamic acid esters using carbon dioxide and amine as raw materials, and to use carbamines including aromatic carbamic acid esters without using organic halogen compounds or carbonate esters.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an industrially advantageous method for producing a carbamic acid ester capable of obtaining an acid ester with high yield and high selectivity.
- a method for producing a carbamate ester comprising a step of reacting carbon dioxide, an amine and a metal alkoxide compound.
- R 1 is an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 2 may be an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or 1 carbon atom.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group.
- M 2 and M 3 represent a metal atom of Group 4 or Group 14 of the periodic table, and M 2 and M 3 may be the same or different.
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 represent an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group, and R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are the same.
- E, f, g and h are each an integer of 0 to 2
- i and j are each an integer of 1 to 3
- e + f 0 to 2
- ⁇ 4> reacting carbon dioxide, an amine and a metal alkoxide compound to form a reaction mixture containing a carbamate, Separating a carbamate from the reaction mixture to obtain a residual liquid; Reacting the residual liquid with alcohol to regenerate the metal alkoxide compound;
- the method for producing a carbamic acid ester according to ⁇ 1> comprising a step of reacting carbon dioxide, an amine and the regenerated metal alkoxide compound.
- ⁇ 5> The method for producing a carbamate according to ⁇ 4>, wherein the alcohol is represented by the following general formula (IV). (In the formula, R 13 represents a hydrocarbon group.)
- ⁇ 6> The method for producing a carbamate according to ⁇ 4>, wherein the residual liquid contains a metal compound of Group 4 or Group 14 of the periodic table having a metal-oxygen bond or a metal-nitrogen bond.
- ⁇ 7> The method for producing a carbamic acid ester according to ⁇ 4>, wherein in the step of obtaining the metal alkoxide compound, the residual liquid and the alcohol are reacted while removing generated water from the reaction system.
- a carbamic acid ester useful as a raw material for polyurethane can be obtained with high yield and high selectivity by reacting carbon dioxide with an amine and a metal alkoxide compound.
- the metal alkoxide compound which can be used for the said reaction can also be obtained by making the reaction residual liquid resulting from the said reaction react with alcohol.
- the method of the present invention uses carbon dioxide that is harmless to the environment and non-toxic, an amine that is inexpensive and easy to handle, and a metal alkoxide compound that can be easily and efficiently recycled and recycled from the reaction system. Therefore, the carbamate can be obtained with safe and simple equipment, which can be said to be an extremely industrially advantageous method.
- the method for producing a carbamic acid ester of the present invention includes at least a step of reacting carbon dioxide, an amine and a metal alkoxide compound.
- the carbamic acid ester obtained by this production method is preferably an N-substituted carbamic acid ester.
- the obtained carbamic acid ester is preferably an aliphatic carbamic acid ester, an alicyclic carbamic acid ester, or an aromatic carbamic acid ester, and more preferably an aromatic carbamic acid ester.
- the obtained carbamic acid ester is preferably a monocarbamic acid ester or a dicarbamic acid ester. Industrially, dicarbamic acid esters, particularly aromatic dicarbamic acid esters are advantageous.
- examples of the carbamate obtained by this production method include methyl N-butylcarbamate, ethyl N-butylcarbamate, propyl N-butylcarbamate, butyl N-butylcarbamate, and N-butyl.
- the amine used in the above carbamic acid ester formation reaction is preferably an aliphatic amine, an alicyclic amine, or an aromatic amine, and more preferably an aromatic amine.
- the amine to be used is preferably a primary amine or a secondary amine, and more preferably a primary amine.
- the amine used is preferably a monoamine or a diamine. Industrially, it is advantageous to use a diamine, particularly an aromatic diamine.
- the amine to be used is preferably represented by the following general formula (I).
- R 1 is an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, 1 carbon atom) Substituted with up to 6 acyloxy groups, carbonyl groups, hydroxyl groups, nitro groups, nitroso groups, cyano groups, hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (eg, alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkenyl groups, aryl groups, aralkyl groups) An optionally substituted amino group and a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen atoms (eg alkyl R 2 represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfony
- a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms for example, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group
- the halogen atom is a halogen atom selected from F, Cl, Br and I.
- R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably an aryl group.
- R 2 is hydrogen.
- Preferred aryl groups include phenyl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, naphthyl group and the like.
- amines examples include methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, butylamine, t-butylamine, cyclohexylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, aniline, aminotoluene (each isomer), and chloroaniline (each isomer).
- Bromoaniline (each isomer), iodoaniline (each isomer), cyanoaniline (each isomer), nitroaniline (each isomer), trifluoromethylaniline (each isomer), methoxyaniline (each isomer) , Dimethylaniline (each isomer), diethylaniline (each isomer), dipropylaniline (each isomer), aminonaphthalene (each isomer), aminomethylnaphthalene (each isomer), dimethylnaphthylamine (each isomer) , Trimethylnaphthylamine (each isomer), di Minobenzene (each isomer), diaminotoluene (each isomer), methylenedianiline (each isomer), diaminomesitylene (each isomer), diaminobiphenyl (each isomer), diaminodibenz
- the metal alkoxide compound used in the above carbamic acid ester formation reaction is preferably selected from metal alkoxide compounds represented by the following general formula (II) and metal alkoxide compounds represented by the following general formula (III). Of these, metal alkoxide compounds represented by the following general formula (II) are preferred. In this reaction, a metal alkoxide compound is used as a reactant.
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 may be the same or different, linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, carbon number A cycloalkyl group having 5 to 14 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 19 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, including R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 may be the same or different and are preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a and b are each an integer of 0 to 2.
- a + b 0 to 3
- M 2 and M 3 may be the same or different.
- R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 may be the same.
- M 1 in the general formula (II) and M 2 and M 3 in the general formula (III) are not particularly limited as long as they are metals included in Group 4 or Group 14 of the Periodic Table.
- titanium, tin, and zirconium are preferable, and titanium is particularly preferable from the viewpoints of safety, yield, recycling, and the like.
- the metal alkoxide compound represented by the general formula (II) is not particularly limited.
- the metal alkoxide compound represented by the general formula (III) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-distanoxide, 1,1,3,3-terolabutyl. -1- (methoxy) -3- (2-ethyl-1-hexyloxy) -di-stannoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-di-ethoxy-di-stannoxane, 1,1, 3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-di- (2-ethyl-1-hexyloxy) -distanoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-dipropoxy-distanoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-di-pentyloxy-di-stannoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-di-hexyloxy-di-stannoxane,
- the above-mentioned carbamic acid ester formation reaction is not particularly limited in its reaction method, but can be performed, for example, by charging carbon dioxide into a reaction apparatus charged with an amine and a metal alkoxide compound.
- the amount of amine and metal alkoxide compound used is not particularly limited and varies depending on the type of raw material used.
- the amount of metal alkoxide compound used is, for example, 1/4 molar equivalent or more, preferably 1 molar equivalent of amine. Is 1/3 molar equivalents or more, more preferably 1/2 molar equivalents or more, and even more preferably 1 molar equivalents or more (the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 molar equivalents or less).
- the reaction temperature of the above carbamic acid ester formation reaction is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of sufficiently proceeding the reaction and suppressing the formation of by-products such as urea, for example, room temperature to 300 ° C., preferably 100 to 200 ° C, more preferably 130 to 200 ° C, still more preferably 150 to 180 ° C.
- the reaction pressure is not particularly limited and is determined depending on the production cost of the pressure device used for the reaction, but is usually 1 to 1000 atm, preferably 5 to 500 atm, and more preferably 10 to 100 atm. Specifically, for example, it is 1 to 100 MPa, preferably 2 to 50 MPa, more preferably 3 to 20 MPa.
- the above carbamic acid ester formation reaction can proceed even at a relatively low pressure compared to conventional reactions.
- the reaction time varies depending on various conditions such as the type of amine or metal alkoxide compound used as a raw material, the reaction temperature, and the reaction pressure, but 0.1 to 24 hours is sufficient. Specifically, the time is, for example, 10 minutes to 2 hours, preferably 10 to 60 minutes, from the viewpoint of sufficiently allowing the reaction to proceed and suppressing the formation of by-products such as urea.
- the above carbamic acid ester formation reaction may be solventless, but a solvent that does not inhibit the reaction can also be used.
- solvents include hydrocarbons and ethers, and specific examples include benzene, toluene, hexane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and the like.
- a solvent other than alcohol methanol, ethanol, etc.
- the method for producing a carbamic acid ester of the present invention may further include a step of regenerating and reusing the metal alkoxide compound.
- the present production method comprises a step of reacting carbon dioxide, an amine and a metal alkoxide compound to form a reaction mixture containing a carbamate ester, and separating the carbamate ester from the reaction mixture to obtain a residual liquid. It may include a step of obtaining, a step of reacting the residual liquid with alcohol to regenerate the metal alkoxide compound, and a step of reacting carbon dioxide, the amine and the regenerated metal alkoxide compound.
- the carbamate can be regenerated and reused by the following steps (a) to (d).
- the steps (a) to (d) are continuously repeated twice or more, whereby the carbamic acid ester can be obtained continuously, which is industrially advantageous.
- C A step of reacting the residual liquid with alcohol to obtain a metal alkoxide compound.
- D A step of circulating the metal alkoxide compound obtained in step (c) to step (a).
- the above reaction can be represented by the following formula. (1) CO 2 + amine + metal alkoxide compound ⁇ used metal alkoxide compound + carbamate (2) used metal alkoxide compound + alcohol ⁇ metal alkoxide compound + water (3) metal alkoxide compound of (2) ⁇ (1 When the metal alkoxide compound is recycled and reused, only CO 2 , amine and alcohol are consumed as a whole process as shown in the above formula, and products other than the target product are mainly water. It is only environmentally and economically advantageous.
- Step (a) is a step of reacting carbon dioxide with an amine and a metal alkoxide compound to produce a reaction mixture containing a carbamate.
- the reaction method, reaction conditions, etc. are as described above.
- step (b) from the reaction mixture containing the carbamic acid ester and the used metal alkoxide compound obtained in the reaction step (b), a residual liquid containing the target product carbamic acid ester and the used metal alkoxide compound is obtained. To separate. This separation operation is performed by a conventionally known method such as distillation.
- Step (c) is a step of obtaining a metal alkoxide compound from the residual liquid.
- This step consists of reacting the used metal alkoxide compound with alcohol.
- a metal alkoxide compound metal-oxygen-carbon bond
- the metal alkoxide compound is a compound having a metal-oxygen bond.
- metal hydroxide or metal oxide, or a compound having a metal-nitrogen bond such as a metal amide in which a raw material amine is bonded to a metal. That is, the used metal alkoxide compound contains, for example, metal hydroxide, metal oxide or metal amide.
- a metal compound having such a metal-oxygen bond or metal-nitrogen bond is reacted with an alcohol to convert it into a corresponding metal alkoxide compound.
- distillation or membrane separation may be used, but a dehydrating agent may be used.
- the alkyl group represented by R 14 , R 15 and R 16 is preferably a lower alkyl group, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Specific examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl and the like.
- the aralkyl group represented by R 14 , R 15 and R 16 preferably has 7 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include benzyl and phenethyl.
- the aryl group represented by R 14 , R 15 and R 16 preferably has 6 to 14 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include phenyl, tolyl, anisyl, naphthyl and the like.
- acetal compounds for example, benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal, acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, formaldehyde dimethyl acetal, acetone dimethyl acetal, acetone diethyl acetal, acetone dibenzyl acetal, diethyl ketone dimethyl acetal, benzophenone dimethyl acetal, benzyl phenyl Ketones dimethyl acetal, cyclohexanone dimethyl acetal, acetophenone dimethyl acetal, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone acetal, 4,4-dimethoxy-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one acetal, dimethylacetamide diethyl acetal, etc. .
- zeolites such as molecular sieve (3A) and molecular sieve (4A), calcium chloride (anhydrous), calcium sulfate (anhydrous), magnesium chloride (anhydrous), magnesium sulfate (anhydrous), potassium carbonate (anhydrous) ), Potassium sulfide (anhydrous), potassium sulfite (anhydrous), sodium sulfate (anhydrous), sodium sulfite (anhydrous), inorganic anhydrous salts such as copper sulfate (anhydrous), and the like.
- the reaction temperature of the reaction for obtaining the metal alkoxide compound in the step (c) is not particularly limited, but is performed at room temperature to 300 ° C., preferably 80 to 200 ° C. for 1 to 100 hours.
- step (d) the metal alkoxide compound obtained in step (c) is circulated to step (b).
- Example 1 An autoclave having a volume of 10 mL equipped with a stirrer was charged with aniline (0.8 mmol), tetramethoxytitanium (0.8 mmol) as a metal alkoxide compound, and acetonitrile (3 mL) as a solvent, and then liquefied carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide cylinder. (About 0.5 MPa) was filled and sealed. Thereafter, the inside of the autoclave was heated to 150 ° C. with stirring, and further filled with carbon dioxide, thereby increasing the internal pressure to 5 MPa and allowing the reaction to proceed for 20 minutes. After cooling, the remaining carbon dioxide was released and the reaction mixture was analyzed by liquid chromatography. The yield of aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline was 61%.
- Examples 2-4 An aromatic carbamic acid ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following metal alkoxide compound was used instead of tetramethoxytitanium as the metal alkoxide compound. The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
- Example 2 Tetraethoxytitanium (Yield: 57%)
- Example 3 Tetra-i-propoxytitanium (Yield: 50%)
- Example 5 1,4-dioxane (yield: 50%)
- Example 6 Diethyl ether (Yield: 47%)
- Example 7 Tetrahydrofuran (Yield: 48%)
- Example 8 Dichloromethane (Yield: 46%)
- Example 9-12 The aromatic carbamic acid ester was synthesized under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the amount of tetramethoxytitanium, which is a metal alkoxide compound, was different. The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
- Example 12 1.6 mmol (yield: 66%)
- Example 13-15 The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 1, and aromatic carbamic acid esters were synthesized under conditions with different reaction times. The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
- Example 16-20 The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 1, and aromatic carbamic acid esters were synthesized under conditions where reaction temperatures were different. The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
- Example 16 110 ° C. (Yield: 1%)
- Example 17 Example 17; 130 ° C. (Yield: 20%)
- Example 18 Example 18; 170 ° C. (Yield: 76%)
- Example 19 180 ° C. (Yield: 81%)
- Example 20 200 ° C. (Yield: 77%)
- Example 21 The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 1, and the aromatic carbamic acid ester was synthesized under conditions where the internal pressure of carbon dioxide was different. The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
- Example 21 1 MPa (yield: 42%)
- Example 22 2 MPa (yield: 52%)
- Example 23 3 MPa (yield: 57%)
- Example 24 8 MPa (yield: 56%)
- Example 25 10 MPa (Yield: 59%)
- Example 26 15 MPa (Yield: 57%)
- Example 27 An aromatic carbamic acid ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 19 (reaction temperature 180 ° C.) except that tetrabutoxytitanium was used instead of tetramethoxytitanium as the metal alkoxide compound. As a result, the yield of aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline was 82%.
- Example 28-31 The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 19 (reaction temperature 180 ° C.), and aromatic carbamic acid esters were synthesized under conditions with different reaction times. The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
- Example 32-37 The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 29 (reaction temperature 180 ° C., reaction time 30 minutes), and aromatic carbamic acid esters were synthesized under conditions where the internal pressure of carbon dioxide was different. The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
- Example 32 1 MPa (yield: 52%) Example 33; 2 MPa (yield: 72%) Example 34; 3 MPa (yield: 73%) Example 35; 4 MPa (Yield: 82%) Example 36; 8 MPa (Yield: 82%) Example 37; 10 MPa (yield: 84%)
- Example 38-39 The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 29 (reaction temperature 180 ° C., reaction time 30 minutes), and aromatic carbamic acid esters were synthesized under conditions where the amount of tetramethoxytitanium, which is a metal alkoxide compound, was different. The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
- Example 38 0.4 mmol (yield: 47%)
- Example 39 1.6 mmol (yield: 86%)
- Examples 40-49 A carbamic acid ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 28 (reaction temperature 180 ° C., reaction time 30 minutes) except that the following various amines were used instead of aniline. The result is shown as the yield (%) of carbamic acid ester based on amine.
- Example 40 4-methylaniline (p-aminotoluene) (yield: 90%)
- Example 41 4-bromoaniline (yield: 80%)
- Example 42 4-cyanoaniline (yield: 61%)
- Example 43 4-nitroaniline (yield: 53%)
- Example 44 4-trifluoromethylaniline (yield: 69%)
- Example 45 4-methoxyaniline (yield: 98%)
- Example 46 3-methoxyaniline (yield: 85%)
- Example 47 2-methoxyaniline (yield: 66%)
- Example 48 ; cyclohexylamine (yield: 86%)
- Example 49 t-butylamine (yield: 87%)
- Examples 50-51 An aromatic dicarbamic acid ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 28 (reaction temperature 180 ° C., reaction time 30 minutes) except that the following various diamines were used instead of aniline. The results are shown as the yield (%) of aromatic dicarbamic acid ester based on diamine.
- Example 50 4,4′-methylenedianiline (yield: 77%)
- Example 51 2,4-diaminotoluene (yield: 63%)
- Example 53 An aromatic carbamic acid ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 52 except that dibutyltin dibutoxide was used as the metal alkoxide compound instead of dibutyltin dimethoxide. As a result, the yield of aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline was 35%.
- Examples 54-55 The aromatic carbamic acid ester was synthesized under the same conditions as in Example 52, except that the amount of dibutyltin dimethoxide as a metal alkoxide compound was different. The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
- Example 54 0.8 mmol (yield: 34%)
- Example 55 1.6 mmol (yield: 68%)
- Example 56 The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 52, and aromatic carbamic acid esters were synthesized under conditions where reaction temperatures were different. The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
- Example 56 100 ° C. (Yield: 1%)
- Example 57 110 ° C. (Yield: 10%)
- Example 58 130 ° C. (Yield: 37%)
- Example 60 The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 52, and the aromatic carbamic acid ester was synthesized under conditions where the internal pressure of carbon dioxide was different. The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
- Example 60 1 MPa (yield: 68%)
- Example 61 2 MPa (yield: 77%)
- Example 62 10 MPa (Yield: 78%)
- Example 63 An aromatic dicarbamic acid ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 52 except that 2,4-diaminotoluene was used instead of aniline. As a result, the yield of aromatic dicarbamic acid ester based on 2,4-diaminotoluene was 46%.
- Example 64 The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 63, and an aromatic dicarbamic acid ester was synthesized with dibutyltin dimethoxide (4.8 mmol), which is a metal alkoxide compound. As a result, the yield of aromatic dicarbamic acid ester based on 2,4-diaminotoluene was 65%.
- Example 65 An aromatic dicarbamic acid ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 63 except that dibutyltin dibutoxide was used in place of dibutyltin dimethoxide as the metal alkoxide compound. As a result, the yield of aromatic dicarbamic acid ester based on 2,4-diaminotoluene was 44%.
- Example 66 A 10 mL volume autoclave equipped with a stirrer was charged with cyclohexylamine (0.8 mmol), tetraalkoxytitanium (0.8 mmol) as a metal alkoxide compound, and acetonitrile (3 mL) as a solvent, and then liquefied carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide cylinder. Filled with carbon (about 3 MPa) and sealed. Thereafter, the inside of the autoclave was heated to 150 ° C. with stirring, and further filled with carbon dioxide, thereby increasing the internal pressure to 5 MPa and allowing the reaction to proceed for 20 minutes. After cooling, the remaining carbon dioxide was released and the reaction mixture was analyzed by liquid chromatography. The yield of aliphatic carbamic acid ester based on cyclohexylamine was 33%.
- Step (2) The titanium butoxide compound obtained in the above step (c) was reused by circulating it to the step (a). The result is shown as the yield (%) of carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
- Example 67 Yield: 50% (initial) Example 68; Yield: 55% (first reuse) Example 69; Yield: 53% (second reuse) Example 70; Yield: 51% (3rd reuse) Example 71; Yield: 50% (4th reuse) Example 72; Yield: 51% (5th reuse) Example 73; Yield: 52% (6th reuse) Example 74; Yield: 55% (7th reuse) Example 75; Yield: 55% (8th reuse) Example 76; Yield: 54% (9th reuse) Example 77; Yield: 52% (10th reuse)
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、二酸化炭素とアミンと金属アルコキシド化合物とを反応させてカルバミン酸エステルを製造する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing a carbamate by reacting carbon dioxide, an amine and a metal alkoxide compound.
ポリウレタンは、生活・建築資材、自動車部品、塗料などとして利用されている代表的な汎用ポリマーである。従来、ポリウレタンは、多官能性のイソシアネートを多官能性のアルコールと反応させることにより製造されている。イソシアネートはアミンとホスゲンから合成されるが、ホスゲンは猛毒であり、またホスゲンの反応では塩化水素が大量に副生するため、より環境負荷の低いイソシアネート合成法の開発が強く望まれていた。 Polyurethane is a typical general-purpose polymer that is used as life / building materials, automobile parts, paints, and the like. Conventionally, polyurethane is produced by reacting a polyfunctional isocyanate with a polyfunctional alcohol. Isocyanates are synthesized from amines and phosgene. However, since phosgene is extremely toxic and a large amount of hydrogen chloride is by-produced in the reaction of phosgene, development of an isocyanate synthesis method with a lower environmental impact has been strongly desired.
ホスゲンを用いないイソシアネートの合成法としては、カルバミン酸エステルを熱分解する方法が有効とされている。このカルバミン酸エステルの合成法としては、(1)ニトロ化合物をアルコール存在下に一酸化炭素と反応させる方法(非特許文献1)、(2)アミンをアルコール存在下に一酸化炭素と反応させる方法(非特許文献1)、(3)アミン及び有機ハロゲン化合物と二酸化炭素を反応させる方法(非特許文献2)、(4)アミンを炭酸エステルと反応させる方法(非特許文献3)、(5)二酸化炭素とアミン及びアルコールとを脱水剤存在下に反応させる方法(非特許文献4)等が知られている。 As a method for synthesizing isocyanate without using phosgene, a method of thermally decomposing carbamic acid ester is considered effective. As a method for synthesizing this carbamic acid ester, (1) a method in which a nitro compound is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of alcohol (Non-Patent Document 1), and (2) a method in which an amine is reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of alcohol. (Non-patent document 1), (3) Method of reacting amine and organic halogen compound with carbon dioxide (Non-patent document 2), (4) Method of reacting amine with carbonate (Non-patent document 3), (5) A method of reacting carbon dioxide with an amine and alcohol in the presence of a dehydrating agent (Non-Patent Document 4) is known.
しかしながら、上記(1)及び(2)の反応では、毒性ガスである一酸化炭素を加圧下で使用するため、製造設備の維持管理や作業員の安全確保に多大なコストと労力を要し、また、上記(3)の方法では、カルボニル源が環境に無害で毒性のない二酸化炭素ではあるが、カルバミン酸エステル一分子を合成するのに一分子の有機ハロゲン化物を消費し、かつ一分子のハロゲン化水素が副生するという欠点等があった。また、上記(4)の方法では、炭酸エステルを別途合成する必要があるため多大なコストを要し、上記(5)の方法では、安価で取り扱いやすいアミン及びアルコールを用いることから、安全かつ簡易な設備でカルバミン酸エステルを得ることができるメリットを有するものの、スズ又はニッケル触媒を必要とするとともに、比較的高価な脱水剤を必要とする点で問題があり、また、この方法では芳香族アミンから芳香族カルバミン酸エステルを得ることはできなかった。 However, in the above reactions (1) and (2), since carbon monoxide, which is a toxic gas, is used under pressure, a great deal of cost and labor are required for maintenance and management of manufacturing facilities and ensuring worker safety. In the method (3), the carbonyl source is carbon dioxide that is harmless to the environment and is not toxic. However, one molecule of organic halide is consumed to synthesize one molecule of carbamate, and one molecule There was a drawback that hydrogen halide was by-produced. In addition, the method (4) requires a great cost because it is necessary to separately synthesize a carbonic acid ester, and the method (5) uses an amine and alcohol that are inexpensive and easy to handle. Although it has the merit that carbamic acid ester can be obtained with simple equipment, it requires a tin or nickel catalyst and has a problem in that it requires a relatively expensive dehydrating agent. It was not possible to obtain an aromatic carbamic acid ester.
本発明の目的は、従来の二酸化炭素とアミンを原料として用いるカルバミン酸エステルの合成における上記問題点を克服し、有機ハロゲン化合物や炭酸エステルを用いずに、芳香族カルバミン酸エステルをはじめとするカルバミン酸エステルを高収率・高選択率で得ることができる、工業的に有利なカルバミン酸エステルの製造方法を提供することにある。 The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems in the synthesis of conventional carbamic acid esters using carbon dioxide and amine as raw materials, and to use carbamines including aromatic carbamic acid esters without using organic halogen compounds or carbonate esters. An object of the present invention is to provide an industrially advantageous method for producing a carbamic acid ester capable of obtaining an acid ester with high yield and high selectivity.
本発明者らは、上記従来技術の問題点を解決するため鋭意研究を重ねた結果、アミン及び二酸化炭素を金属アルコキシド化合物の存在下で反応させることにより、高い収率および選択率でカルバミン酸エステルが得られることを見出した。そして、この反応により生じた残留液をアルコールと反応させることにより金属アルコキシド化合物が得られ、これを再び上記カルバミン酸エステルの合成反応に使用することができることも更に見出した。本発明は、これらの知見に基づいてなされたものである。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present inventors have made carbamic acid esters with high yield and selectivity by reacting amine and carbon dioxide in the presence of metal alkoxide compounds. It was found that can be obtained. It was further found that a metal alkoxide compound was obtained by reacting the residual liquid produced by this reaction with an alcohol, which could be used again for the synthesis reaction of the carbamic acid ester. The present invention has been made based on these findings.
すなわち、本発明によれば、以下の発明が提供される。
〈1〉二酸化炭素とアミンと金属アルコキシド化合物とを反応させる工程を含む、カルバミン酸エステルの製造方法。
〈2〉前記アミンが下記一般式(I)で表される〈1〉に記載のカルバミン酸エステルの製造方法。
〈3〉前記金属アルコキシド化合物が下記一般式(II)で表される金属アルコキシド化合物及び下記一般式(III)で表わされる金属アルコキシド化合物よりなる群から選ばれる〈1〉に記載のカルバミン酸エステルの製造方法。
〈4〉二酸化炭素とアミンと金属アルコキシド化合物とを反応させ、カルバミン酸エステルを含有する反応混合物を生成させる工程と、
前記反応混合物からカルバミン酸エステルを分離して残留液を得る工程と、
前記残留液をアルコールと反応させて、金属アルコキシド化合物を再生する工程と、
二酸化炭素とアミンと前記再生した金属アルコキシド化合物とを反応させる工程と
を含む、〈1〉に記載のカルバミン酸エステルの製造方法。
〈5〉前記アルコールが下記一般式(IV)で表される〈4〉に記載のカルバミン酸エステルの製造方法。
〈6〉前記残留液が金属-酸素結合または金属-窒素結合を有する周期律表第4族または第14族の金属化合物を含むものである〈4〉に記載のカルバミン酸エステルの製造方法。
〈7〉前記金属アルコキシド化合物を得る工程において、生成する水を反応系から除去しながら前記残留液とアルコールとの反応を行う〈4〉に記載のカルバミン酸エステルの製造方法。
That is, according to the present invention, the following inventions are provided.
<1> A method for producing a carbamate ester comprising a step of reacting carbon dioxide, an amine and a metal alkoxide compound.
<2> The method for producing a carbamate according to <1>, wherein the amine is represented by the following general formula (I).
<3> The carbamic acid ester according to <1>, wherein the metal alkoxide compound is selected from the group consisting of a metal alkoxide compound represented by the following general formula (II) and a metal alkoxide compound represented by the following general formula (III). Production method.
<4> reacting carbon dioxide, an amine and a metal alkoxide compound to form a reaction mixture containing a carbamate,
Separating a carbamate from the reaction mixture to obtain a residual liquid;
Reacting the residual liquid with alcohol to regenerate the metal alkoxide compound;
The method for producing a carbamic acid ester according to <1>, comprising a step of reacting carbon dioxide, an amine and the regenerated metal alkoxide compound.
<5> The method for producing a carbamate according to <4>, wherein the alcohol is represented by the following general formula (IV).
<6> The method for producing a carbamate according to <4>, wherein the residual liquid contains a metal compound of Group 4 or Group 14 of the periodic table having a metal-oxygen bond or a metal-nitrogen bond.
<7> The method for producing a carbamic acid ester according to <4>, wherein in the step of obtaining the metal alkoxide compound, the residual liquid and the alcohol are reacted while removing generated water from the reaction system.
本発明方法によれば、ポリウレタンの原料等として有用なカルバミン酸エステルを、二酸化炭素とアミン及び金属アルコキシド化合物を反応させることにより、高収率、高選択率で得ることができる。
また、上記反応により生じる反応残留液をアルコールと反応させることにより、上記反応に使用し得る金属アルコキシド化合物を得ることもできる。
このように、本発明方法は、原料として、環境に無害で毒性のない二酸化炭素、安価で取扱い易いアミン及び、簡便かつ効率よく反応系から再生・循環利用することのできる金属アルコキシド化合物を用いることから、安全かつ簡易な設備でカルバミン酸エステルを得ることができ、工業的に極めて有利な方法ということができる。
According to the method of the present invention, a carbamic acid ester useful as a raw material for polyurethane can be obtained with high yield and high selectivity by reacting carbon dioxide with an amine and a metal alkoxide compound.
Moreover, the metal alkoxide compound which can be used for the said reaction can also be obtained by making the reaction residual liquid resulting from the said reaction react with alcohol.
As described above, the method of the present invention uses carbon dioxide that is harmless to the environment and non-toxic, an amine that is inexpensive and easy to handle, and a metal alkoxide compound that can be easily and efficiently recycled and recycled from the reaction system. Therefore, the carbamate can be obtained with safe and simple equipment, which can be said to be an extremely industrially advantageous method.
本発明のカルバミン酸エステルの製造方法は、二酸化炭素とアミンと金属アルコキシド化合物とを反応させる工程を少なくとも含むものである。本製造方法により得られるカルバミン酸エステルは好ましくはN-置換カルバミン酸エステルである。また、得られるカルバミン酸エステルは好ましくは脂肪族カルバミン酸エステル、脂環族カルバミン酸エステル、又は芳香族カルバミン酸エステルであり、より好ましくは芳香族カルバミン酸エステルである。また、得られるカルバミン酸エステルは好ましくはモノカルバミン酸エステル又はジカルバミン酸エステルである。なお工業的にはジカルバミン酸エステル、特に芳香族ジカルバミン酸エステルが有利である。具体的には、本製造方法により得られるカルバミン酸エステルとしては、例えば、N-ブチルカルバミン酸メチル、N-ブチルカルバミン酸エチル、N-ブチルカルバミン酸プロピル、N-ブチルカルバミン酸ブチル、N-ブチルカルバミン酸ペンチル、N-ブチルカルバミン酸ヘキシル、N-ブチルカルバミン酸シクロヘキシル、N-t-ブチルカルバミン酸メチル、N-t-ブチルカルバミン酸エチル、N-t-ブチルカルバミン酸プロピル、N-t-ブチルカルバミン酸ブチル、N-t-ブチルカルバミン酸ペンチル、N-t-ブチルカルバミン酸ヘキシル、N-t-ブチルカルバミン酸シクロヘキシル、N-ペンチルカルバミン酸メチル、N-ペンチルカルバミン酸エチル、N-ペンチルカルバミン酸プロピル、N-ペンチルカルバミン酸ブチル、N-ペンチルカルバミン酸ペンチル、N-ペンチルカルバミン酸ヘキシル、N-ペンチルカルバミン酸シクロヘキシル、N-ヘキシルカルバミン酸メチル、N-ヘキシルカルバミン酸エチル、N-ヘキシルカルバミン酸プロピル、N-ヘキシルカルバミン酸ブチル、N-ヘキシルカルバミン酸ペンチル、N-ヘキシルカルバミン酸ヘキシル、N-ヘキシルカルバミン酸シクロヘキシル、N-シクロヘキシルカルバミン酸メチル、N-シクロヘキシルカルバミン酸エチル、N-シクロヘキシルカルバミン酸プロピル、N-シクロヘキシルカルバミン酸ブチル、N-シクロヘキシルカルバミン酸ペンチル、N-シクロヘキシルカルバミン酸ヘキシル、N-シクロヘキシルカルバミン酸シクロヘキシル、N-フェニルカルバミン酸メチル、N-フェニルカルバミン酸エチル、N-フェニルカルバミン酸プロピル、N-フェニルカルバミン酸ブチル、N-フェニルカルバミン酸ペンチル、N-フェニルカルバミン酸ヘキシル、N-フェニルカルバミン酸シクロヘキシル、N-トリルカルバミン酸メチル(各異性体)、N-トリルカルバミン酸エチル(各異性体)、N-トリルカルバミン酸プロピル(各異性体)、N-トリルカルバミン酸ブチル(各異性体)、N-トリルカルバミン酸ペンチル(各異性体)、N-トリルカルバミン酸ヘキシル(各異性体)、N-フェニルカルバミン酸シクロヘキシル(各異性体)、N-(フルオロフェニル)カルバミン酸メチル(各異性体)、N-(フルオロフェニル)カルバミン酸エチル(各異性体)、N-(フルオロフェニル)カルバミン酸プロピル(各異性体)、N-(フルオロフェニル)カルバミン酸ブチル(各異性体)、N-(フルオロフェニル)カルバミン酸ペンチル(各異性体)、N-(フルオロフェニル)カルバミン酸ヘキシル(各異性体)、N-(フルオロフェニル)カルバミン酸シクロヘキシル(各異性体)、N-(クロロフェニル)カルバミン酸メチル(各異性体)、N-(クロロフェニル)カルバミン酸エチル(各異性体)、N-(クロロフェニル)カルバミン酸プロピル(各異性体)、N-(クロロフェニル)カルバミン酸ブチル(各異性体)、N-(クロロフェニル)カルバミン酸ペンチル(各異性体)、N-(クロロフェニル)カルバミン酸ヘキシル(各異性体)、N-(ブロモフェニル)カルバミン酸シクロヘキシル(各異性体)、N-(ブロモフェニル)カルバミン酸メチル(各異性体)、N-(ブロモフェニル)カルバミン酸エチル(各異性体)、N-(ブロモフェニル)カルバミン酸プロピル(各異性体)、N-(ブロモフェニル)カルバミン酸ブチル(各異性体)、N-(ブロモフェニル)カルバミン酸ペンチル(各異性体)、N-(ブロモフェニル)カルバミン酸ヘキシル(各異性体)、N-(ブロモフェニル)カルバミン酸シクロヘキシル(各異性体)、N-(ヨードフェニル)カルバミン酸メチル(各異性体)、N-(ヨードフェニル)カルバミン酸エチル(各異性体)、N-(ヨードフェニル)カルバミン酸プロピル(各異性体)、N-(ヨードフェニル)カルバミン酸ブチル(各異性体)、N-(ヨードフェニル)カルバミン酸ペンチル(各異性体)、N-(ヨードフェニル)カルバミン酸ヘキシル(各異性体)、N-(ヨードフェニル)カルバミン酸シクロヘキシル(各異性体)、N-(ニトロフェニル)カルバミン酸メチル(各異性体)、N-(ニトロフェニル)カルバミン酸エチル(各異性体)、N-(ニトロフェニル)カルバミン酸プロピル(各異性体)、N-(ニトロフェニル)カルバミン酸ブチル(各異性体)、N-(ニトロフェニル)カルバミン酸ペンチル(各異性体)、N-(ニトロフェニル)カルバミン酸ヘキシル(各異性体)、N-(ニトロフェニル)カルバミン酸シクロヘキシル(各異性体)、N-(トリフルオロメチルフェニル)カルバミン酸メチル(各異性体)、N-(トリフルオロメチルフェニル)カルバミン酸エチル(各異性体)、N-(トリフルオロメチルフェニル)カルバミン酸プロピル(各異性体)、N-(トリフルオロメチルフェニル)カルバミン酸ブチル(各異性体)、N-(トリフルオロメチルフェニル)カルバミン酸ペンチル(各異性体)、N-(トリフルオロメチルフェニル)カルバミン酸ヘキシル(各異性体)、N-(トリフルオロメチルフェニル)カルバミン酸シクロヘキシル(各異性体)、N-(メトキシフェニル)カルバミン酸メチル(各異性体)、N-(メトキシフェニル)カルバミン酸エチル(各異性体)、N-(メトキシフェニル)カルバミン酸プロピル(各異性体)、N-(メトキシフェニル)カルバミン酸ブチル(各異性体)、N-(メトキシフェニル)カルバミン酸ペンチル(各異性体)、N-(メトキシフェニル)カルバミン酸ヘキシル(各異性体)、N-(メトキシフェニル)カルバミン酸シクロヘキシル(各異性体)、N,N’-ヘキサンジイル-ジカルバミン酸-ジメチルエステル、N,N’-ヘキサンジイル-ジカルバミン酸-ジエチルエステル、N,N’-ヘキサンジイル-ジカルバミン酸-ジブチルエステル(各異性体)、N,N’-ヘキサンジイル-ジカルバミン酸-ジペンチルエステル(各異性体)、N,N’-ヘキサンジイル-ジカルバミン酸-ジヘキシルエステル(各異性体)、N,N’-ヘキサンジイル-ジカルバミン酸-ジシクロヘキシルエステル、ジメチル-4,4’-メチレン-ジシクロヘキシルカルバメート、ジエチル-4,4’-メチレン-ジシクロヘキシルカルバメート、ジプロピル-4,4’-メチレン-ジシクロヘキシルカルバメート(各異性体)、ジブチル-4,4’-メチレン-ジシクロヘキシルカルバメート(各異性体)、ジペンチル-4,4’-メチレン-ジシクロヘキシルカルバメート(各異性体)、ジヘキシル-4,4’-メチレン-ジシクロヘキシルカルバメート(各異性体)、ジシクロヘキシル-4,4’-メチレン-ジシクロヘキシルカルバメート(各異性体)、3-(メトキシカルボニルアミノ-メチル)-3,5,5-トリメチルシクロヘキシルカルバミン酸メチルエステル、3-(エトキシカルボニルアミノ-メチル)-3,5,5-トリメチルシクロヘキシルカルバミン酸エチルエステル、3-(プロピルオキシカルボニルアミノ-メチル)-3,5,5-トリメチルシクロヘキシルカルバミン酸プロピルエステル(各異性体)、3-(ブチルオキシカルボニルアミノ-メチル)-3,5,5-トリメチルシクロヘキシルカルバミン酸ブチルエステル(各異性体)、3-(ペンチルオキシカルボニルアミノ-メチル)-3,5,5-トリメチルシクロヘキシルカルバミン酸ペンチルエステル(各異性体)、3-(ヘキシルオキシカルボニルアミノ-メチル)-3,5,5-トリメチルシクロヘキシルカルバミン酸ヘキシルエステル(各異性体)、3-(オクチルオキシカルボニルアミノ-メチル)-3,5,5-トリメチルシクロヘキシルカルバミン酸シクロヘキシルエステル(各異性体)、トルエン-ジカルバミン酸-ジメチルエステル(各異性体)、トルエン-ジカルバミン酸-ジエチルエステル(各異性体)、トルエン-ジカルバミン酸-ジプロピルエステル(各異性体)、トルエン-ジカルバミン酸-ジブチルエステル(各異性体)、トルエン-ジカルバミン酸-ジペンチルエステル(各異性体)、トルエン-ジカルバミン酸-ジヘキシルエステル(各異性体)、トルエン-ジカルバミン酸-ジシクロヘキシルエステル(各異性体)、N,N’-(4,4’-メタンジイル-ジフェニル)-ジカルバミン酸-ジメチルエステル、N,N’-(4,4’-メタンジイル-ジフェニル)-ジカルバミン酸-ジエチルエステル、N,N’-(4,4’-メタンジイル-ジフェニル)-ジカルバミン酸-ジプロピルエステル、N,N’-(4,4’-メタンジイル-ジフェニル)-ジカルバミン酸-ジブチルエステル、N,N’-(4,4’-メタンジイル-ジフェニル)-ジカルバミン酸-ジペンチルエステル、N,N’-(4,4’-メタンジイル-ジフェニル)-ジカルバミン酸-ジヘキシルエステル、N,N’-(4,4’-メタンジイル-ジフェニル)-ジカルバミン酸-ジシクロヘキシルエステル等が例示される。 The method for producing a carbamic acid ester of the present invention includes at least a step of reacting carbon dioxide, an amine and a metal alkoxide compound. The carbamic acid ester obtained by this production method is preferably an N-substituted carbamic acid ester. The obtained carbamic acid ester is preferably an aliphatic carbamic acid ester, an alicyclic carbamic acid ester, or an aromatic carbamic acid ester, and more preferably an aromatic carbamic acid ester. The obtained carbamic acid ester is preferably a monocarbamic acid ester or a dicarbamic acid ester. Industrially, dicarbamic acid esters, particularly aromatic dicarbamic acid esters are advantageous. Specifically, examples of the carbamate obtained by this production method include methyl N-butylcarbamate, ethyl N-butylcarbamate, propyl N-butylcarbamate, butyl N-butylcarbamate, and N-butyl. Pentyl carbamate, hexyl N-butylcarbamate, cyclohexyl N-butylcarbamate, methyl Nt-butylcarbamate, ethyl Nt-butylcarbamate, propyl Nt-butylcarbamate, Nt-butyl Butyl carbamate, pentyl Nt-butylcarbamate, hexyl Nt-butylcarbamate, cyclohexyl Nt-butylcarbamate, methyl N-pentylcarbamate, ethyl N-pentylcarbamate, N-pentylcarbamic acid Propyl, N-pentylcarba N-pentylcarbamate pentyl, N-pentylcarbamate hexyl, N-pentylcarbamate cyclohexyl, N-hexylcarbamate methyl, N-hexylcarbamate ethyl, N-hexylcarbamate propyl, N-hexylcarbamine Acid butyl, pentyl N-hexylcarbamate, hexyl N-hexylcarbamate, cyclohexyl N-hexylcarbamate, methyl N-cyclohexylcarbamate, ethyl N-cyclohexylcarbamate, propyl N-cyclohexylcarbamate, N-cyclohexylcarbamic acid Butyl, pentyl N-cyclohexylcarbamate, hexyl N-cyclohexylcarbamate, cyclohexyl N-cyclohexylcarbamate, N-phenylcarbamate N-phenylcarbamate, propyl N-phenylcarbamate, butyl N-phenylcarbamate, pentyl N-phenylcarbamate, hexyl N-phenylcarbamate, cyclohexyl N-phenylcarbamate, methyl N-tolylcarbamate (Each isomer), ethyl N-tolylcarbamate (each isomer), propyl N-tolylcarbamate (each isomer), butyl N-tolylcarbamate (each isomer), pentyl N-tolylcarbamate (each Isomer), hexyl N-tolylcarbamate (each isomer), cyclohexyl N-phenylcarbamate (each isomer), methyl N- (fluorophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), N- (fluorophenyl) carbamine Acid ethyl (each isomer), N- (fluorophenyl) carbamine Propyl acid (each isomer), butyl N- (fluorophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), pentyl N- (fluorophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), hexyl N- (fluorophenyl) carbamate (each isomer) ), Cyclohexyl N- (fluorophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), methyl N- (chlorophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), ethyl N- (chlorophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), N- (chlorophenyl) ) Propyl carbamate (each isomer), butyl N- (chlorophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), pentyl N- (chlorophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), hexyl N- (chlorophenyl) carbamate (each isomer) ), Cyclohexyl N- (bromophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), N- (bromophenyl) Nyl) methyl carbamate (each isomer), ethyl N- (bromophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), N- (bromophenyl) propyl carbamate (each isomer), butyl N- (bromophenyl) carbamate (Each isomer), pentyl N- (bromophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), hexyl N- (bromophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), cyclohexyl N- (bromophenyl) carbamate (each isomer) N- (iodophenyl) carbamate methyl (each isomer), N- (iodophenyl) ethyl carbamate (each isomer), N- (iodophenyl) carbamate propyl (each isomer), N- (iodo) Phenyl) butyl carbamate (each isomer), N- (iodophenyl) carbamate pentyl (each isomer), N- (iodof) Nyl) hexyl carbamate (each isomer), cyclohexyl N- (iodophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), methyl N- (nitrophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), ethyl N- (nitrophenyl) carbamate (Each isomer), propyl N- (nitrophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), butyl N- (nitrophenyl) carbamate (each isomer), pentyl N- (nitrophenyl) carbamate (each isomer) N- (nitrophenyl) carbamate hexyl (each isomer), N- (nitrophenyl) carbamate cyclohexyl (each isomer), N- (trifluoromethylphenyl) carbamate methyl (each isomer), N- (Trifluoromethylphenyl) carbamate ethyl (each isomer), N- (trifluoromethylphenyl) carba Propyl minate (each isomer), N- (trifluoromethylphenyl) carbamate butyl (each isomer), N- (trifluoromethylphenyl) carbamate pentyl (each isomer), N- (trifluoromethylphenyl) ) Hexyl carbamate (each isomer), cyclohexyl N- (trifluoromethylphenyl) carbamate (each isomer), methyl N- (methoxyphenyl) carbamate (each isomer), N- (methoxyphenyl) carbamic acid Ethyl (each isomer), propyl N- (methoxyphenyl) carbamate (each isomer), butyl N- (methoxyphenyl) carbamate (each isomer), pentyl N- (methoxyphenyl) carbamate (each isomer) ), N- (methoxyphenyl) carbamate hexyl (each isomer), N- (methoxypheny ) Carbyl cyclohexyl (each isomer), N, N′-hexanediyl-dicarbamic acid-dimethyl ester, N, N′-hexanediyl-dicarbamic acid-diethyl ester, N, N′-hexanediyl-dicarbamic acid-dibutyl Ester (each isomer), N, N'-hexanediyl-dicarbamic acid-dipentyl ester (each isomer), N, N'-hexanediyl-dicarbamic acid-dihexyl ester (each isomer), N, N'- Hexanediyl-dicarbamic acid-dicyclohexyl ester, dimethyl-4,4'-methylene-dicyclohexyl carbamate, diethyl-4,4'-methylene-dicyclohexyl carbamate, dipropyl-4,4'-methylene-dicyclohexyl carbamate (each isomer), Dibutyl-4,4'- Tylene-dicyclohexyl carbamate (each isomer), dipentyl-4,4′-methylene-dicyclohexyl carbamate (each isomer), dihexyl-4,4′-methylene-dicyclohexyl carbamate (each isomer), dicyclohexyl-4,4 ′ -Methylene-dicyclohexylcarbamate (each isomer), 3- (methoxycarbonylamino-methyl) -3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylcarbamic acid methyl ester, 3- (ethoxycarbonylamino-methyl) -3,5,5- Trimethylcyclohexylcarbamic acid ethyl ester, 3- (propyloxycarbonylamino-methyl) -3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylcarbamic acid propyl ester (each isomer), 3- (butyloxycarbonylamino-methyl) -3, 5,5-trimethylcyclohexylcarbamic acid butyl ester (each isomer), 3- (pentyloxycarbonylamino-methyl) -3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylcarbamic acid pentyl ester (each isomer), 3- (hexyloxy) Carbonylamino-methyl) -3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylcarbamic acid hexyl ester (each isomer), 3- (octyloxycarbonylamino-methyl) -3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylcarbamic acid cyclohexyl ester (each isomer) ), Toluene-dicarbamic acid-dimethyl ester (each isomer), toluene-dicarbamic acid-diethyl ester (each isomer), toluene-dicarbamic acid-dipropyl ester (each isomer), toluene-dicarbamic acid-dibutyl ester (Each isomer), toluene-dicarbamic acid-dipentyl ester (each isomer), toluene-dicarbamic acid-dihexyl ester (each isomer), toluene-dicarbamic acid-dicyclohexyl ester (each isomer), N, N'- (4,4′-methanediyl-diphenyl) -dicarbamic acid-dimethyl ester, N, N ′-(4,4′-methanediyl-diphenyl) -dicarbamic acid-diethyl ester, N, N ′-(4,4′- Methanediyl-diphenyl) -dicarbamic acid-dipropyl ester, N, N ′-(4,4′-methanediyl-diphenyl) -dicarbamic acid-dibutyl ester, N, N ′-(4,4′-methanediyl-diphenyl)- Dicarbamic acid-dipentyl ester, N, N '-(4,4'-methanediyl-diphenyl - dicarbamic - dihexyl ester, N, N '- (4,4'- methanediyl - diphenyl) - dicarbamic - dicyclohexyl ester and the like.
上記のカルバミン酸エステル生成反応に用いられるアミンは、好ましくは脂肪族アミン、脂環族アミン、又は芳香族アミンであり、より好ましくは芳香族アミンである。また、使用するアミンは好ましくは1級アミン又は2級アミンであり、より好ましくは1級アミンである。また、使用するアミンは好ましくはモノアミン又はジアミンである。なお工業的にはジアミン、特に芳香族ジアミンの使用が有利である。使用するアミンは、好ましくは下記一般式(I)で表わされる。
上記ハロゲン原子は、F、Cl、Br及びIから選ばれるハロゲン原子である。好ましくはR1は置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数3~24のシクロアルキル基、又は炭素数6~30のアリール基であり、より好ましくはアリール基であり、R2は水素である。好ましいアリール基としては、フェニル基、トリル基、キシリル基、ナフチル基等が例示される。
The amine used in the above carbamic acid ester formation reaction is preferably an aliphatic amine, an alicyclic amine, or an aromatic amine, and more preferably an aromatic amine. The amine to be used is preferably a primary amine or a secondary amine, and more preferably a primary amine. The amine used is preferably a monoamine or a diamine. Industrially, it is advantageous to use a diamine, particularly an aromatic diamine. The amine to be used is preferably represented by the following general formula (I).
The halogen atom is a halogen atom selected from F, Cl, Br and I. Preferably, R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 24 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably an aryl group. R 2 is hydrogen. Preferred aryl groups include phenyl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, naphthyl group and the like.
このようなアミンとしては、例えばメチルアミン、エチルアミン、プロピルアミン、イソプロピルアミン、ブチルアミン、t-ブチルアミン、シクロヘキシルアミン、ジメチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、アニリン、アミノトルエン(各異性体)、クロロアニリン(各異性体)、ブロモアニリン(各異性体)、ヨードアニリン(各異性体)、シアノアニリン(各異性体)、ニトロアニリン(各異性体)、トリフルオロメチルアニリン(各異性体)、メトキシアニリン(各異性体)、ジメチルアニリン(各異性体)、ジエチルアニリン(各異性体)、ジプロピルアニリン(各異性体)、アミノナフタレン(各異性体)、アミノメチルナフタレン(各異性体)、ジメチルナフチルアミン(各異性体)、トリメチルナフチルアミン(各異性体)、ジアミノベンゼン(各異性体)、ジアミノトルエン(各異性体)、メチレンジアニリン(各異性体)、ジアミノメシチレン(各異性体)、ジアミノビフェニル(各異性体)、ジアミノジベンジル(各異性体)、ビス(アミノフェニル)プロパン(各異性体)、ビス(アミノフェニル)エーテル(各異性体)、ビス(アミノフェノキシエタン)(各異性体)、ジアミノキシレン(各異性体)、ジアミノアニソール(各異性体)、ジアミノフェネトール(各異性体)、ジアミノナフタレン(各異性体)、ジアミノ-メチルベンゼン(各異性体)、ジアミノ-メチルピリジン(各異性体)、ジアミノ-メチルナフタレン(各異性体)エチレンジアミン、ジアミノプロパン(各異性体)、ジアミノブタン(各異性体)、ジアミノペンタン(各異性体)、ジアミノヘキサン(各異性体)、ジアミノデカン(各異性体)、トリアミノヘキサン(各異性体)、トリアミノノナン(各異性体)、トリアミノデカン(各異性体)、ジアミノシクロブタン(各異性体)、ジアミノシクロヘキサン(各異性体)、3-アミノメチル-3,5,5-トリメチルシクロヘキシルアミン(シスおよび/またはトランス体)、メチレンビス(シクロヘキシルアミン)(各異性体)等が例示される。 Examples of such amines include methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, butylamine, t-butylamine, cyclohexylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, aniline, aminotoluene (each isomer), and chloroaniline (each isomer). , Bromoaniline (each isomer), iodoaniline (each isomer), cyanoaniline (each isomer), nitroaniline (each isomer), trifluoromethylaniline (each isomer), methoxyaniline (each isomer) , Dimethylaniline (each isomer), diethylaniline (each isomer), dipropylaniline (each isomer), aminonaphthalene (each isomer), aminomethylnaphthalene (each isomer), dimethylnaphthylamine (each isomer) , Trimethylnaphthylamine (each isomer), di Minobenzene (each isomer), diaminotoluene (each isomer), methylenedianiline (each isomer), diaminomesitylene (each isomer), diaminobiphenyl (each isomer), diaminodibenzyl (each isomer), bis (Aminophenyl) propane (each isomer), bis (aminophenyl) ether (each isomer), bis (aminophenoxyethane) (each isomer), diaminoxylene (each isomer), diaminoanisole (each isomer) , Diaminophenetole (each isomer), diaminonaphthalene (each isomer), diamino-methylbenzene (each isomer), diamino-methylpyridine (each isomer), diamino-methylnaphthalene (each isomer) ethylenediamine, diamino Propane (each isomer), diaminobutane (each isomer), diaminopentane (each isomer), Aminohexane (each isomer), diaminodecane (each isomer), triaminohexane (each isomer), triaminononane (each isomer), triaminodecane (each isomer), diaminocyclobutane (each isomer) , Diaminocyclohexane (each isomer), 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine (cis and / or trans isomer), methylenebis (cyclohexylamine) (each isomer) and the like.
上記のカルバミン酸エステル生成反応に用いられる金属アルコキシド化合物は、好ましくは下記一般式(II)で表わされる金属アルコキシド化合物及び下記一般式(III)で表わされる金属アルコキシド化合物から選ばれる。中でも下記一般式(II)で表わされる金属アルコキシド化合物が好ましい。本反応において金属アルコキシド化合物は反応剤として用いられる。 The metal alkoxide compound used in the above carbamic acid ester formation reaction is preferably selected from metal alkoxide compounds represented by the following general formula (II) and metal alkoxide compounds represented by the following general formula (III). Of these, metal alkoxide compounds represented by the following general formula (II) are preferred. In this reaction, a metal alkoxide compound is used as a reactant.
このような金属アルコキシド化合物において、一般式(II)のM1及び一般式(III)のM2、M3は、周期律表第4族または第14族に含まれる金属であれば特に制限はないが、チタン、スズ及びジルコニウムが好ましく、安全性や収率、再生利用等の観点から特にチタンがより好ましい。 In such a metal alkoxide compound, M 1 in the general formula (II) and M 2 and M 3 in the general formula (III) are not particularly limited as long as they are metals included in Group 4 or Group 14 of the Periodic Table. However, titanium, tin, and zirconium are preferable, and titanium is particularly preferable from the viewpoints of safety, yield, recycling, and the like.
一般式(II)で示される金属アルコキシド化合物としては、特に制限はないが、例えば、テトラメトキシチタン、テトラエトキシチタン、テトラプロポキシチタン、テトラ-i-プロポキシチタン、テトラブトキシチタン、テトラ-t-ブトキシチタン、テトラペンチルオキシチタン、テトラヘキシルオキシチタン、テトラメトキシスズ、テトラエトキシスズ、テトラプロポキシスズ、テトラブトキシスズ、テトラペンチルオキシスズ、テトラヘキシルオキシスズ、テトラ-2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシスズ、ジ-メトキシ-ジエトキシスズ、ジメチルスズ-ジ-メトキシド、ジメチルスズ-ジ-エトキシド、ジメチルスズ-メトキシド-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシド)、ジメチルスズ-ジ-ペンチルオキシド、ジメチルスズ-ジ-ヘキシルオキシド、ジメチルスズ-ジ-シクロヘキシルオキシド、ジメチルスズ-ジ-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシド)、ジメチルスズ-ジ-プロペニルオキシド、メチルブチルスズ-ジ-メトキシド、メチルブチル-ジ-エトキシド、メチルブチルスズ-ジ-プロポキシド、メチルブチルスズ-ジ-(2-エチル-1-ブトキシド)、メチルブチルスズ-ジ-ペンチルオキシド、メチルブチルスズ-ジ-ヘキシルオキシド、メチルブチルスズ-ジ-シクロヘキシルオキシド、メチルブチル-スズ-ジ-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシド)、メチルブチルスズ-ジ-プロペニルオキシド、メチルブチルスズ-ジ-ベンジルオキシド、メチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-メトキシド、メチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-エトキシド、メチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-メトキシド-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシド)、メチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-プロポキシド、メチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-ブトキシド、メチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-(2-エチル-1-ブトキシド)、メチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-ペンチルオキシド、メチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-ヘキシルオキシド、メチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-シクロヘキシルオキシド、メチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシド)、メチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-プロペニルオキシド、メチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-ベンジルオキシド、ブチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-メトキシド、ブチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-エトキシド、ブチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-メトキシド-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシド)、ブチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-プロポキシド、ブチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-ブトキシド、ブチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-(2-エチル-1-ブトキシド)、ブチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-ペンチルオキシド、ブチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-ヘキシルオキシド、ブチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-シクロヘキシルオキシド、ブチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシド)、ブチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-プロペニルオキシド、ブチル(2-エチル-ヘキシル)スズ-ジ-ベンジルオキシド、ジ-n-ブチルスズ-ジ-メトキシド、ジ-n-ブチルスズ-メトキシド-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシド)、ジ-n-ブチルスズ-ジ-プロポキシド、ジ-n-ブチルスズ-ジ-ブトキシド、ジ-n-ブチルスズ-ジ-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシド)、ジ-n-ブチルスズ-ジ-ヘキシルオキシド、ジ-n-ブチルスズ-ジ-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシド)、ジ-n-ブチルスズ-ジ-ベンジルオキシド、ジ-t-ブチルスズ-ジ-メトキシド、ジ-t-ブチルスズ-ジ-プロポキシド、ジ-t-ブチルスズ-ジ-ブトキシド、ジ-t-ブチルスズ-ジ-ヘキシルオキシド、ジ-t-ブチルスズ-ジ-シクロオキシド、ジ-t-ブチルスズ-ジ-プロペニルオキシド、ジ-t-ブチルスズ-ジ-ベンジルオキシド、ジ-フェニルスズ-ジ-メトキシド、ジ-フェニルスズ-メトキシド-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシド)、ジ-フェニルスズ-ジ-プロポキシド、ジ-フェニルスズ-ジ-ブトキシド、ジ-フェニルスズ-ジ-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシド)、ジ-フェニルスズ-ジ-ペンチルオキシド、ジ-フェニルスズ-ジ-ヘキシルオキシド、ジ-フェニルスズ-ジ-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシド)、ジ-フェニルスズ-ジ-シクロヘキシルオキシド、ジ-フェニルスズ-ジ-プロぺニルオキシド、ジ-フェニルスズ-ジ-ベンジルオキシドなどが挙げられる。 The metal alkoxide compound represented by the general formula (II) is not particularly limited. For example, tetramethoxy titanium, tetraethoxy titanium, tetrapropoxy titanium, tetra-i-propoxy titanium, tetrabutoxy titanium, tetra-t-butoxy Titanium, tetrapentyloxytitanium, tetrahexyloxytitanium, tetramethoxytin, tetraethoxytin, tetrapropoxytin, tetrabutoxytin, tetrapentyloxytin, tetrahexyloxytin, tetra-2-ethyl-1-hexyloxytin, Di-methoxy-diethoxytin, dimethyltin-di-methoxide, dimethyltin-di-ethoxide, dimethyltin-methoxide- (2-ethyl-1-hexyloxide), dimethyltin-di-pentyloxide, dimethyltin-di -Hexyl oxide, dimethyltin-di-cyclohexyl oxide, dimethyltin-di- (2-ethyl-1-hexyloxide), dimethyltin-di-propenyl oxide, methylbutyltin-di-methoxide, methylbutyl-di-ethoxide, methylbutyltin-di -Propoxide, methylbutyltin-di- (2-ethyl-1-butoxide), methylbutyltin-di-pentyloxide, methylbutyltin-di-hexyloxide, methylbutyltin-di-cyclohexyloxide, methylbutyl-tin-di- ( 2-ethyl-1-hexyl oxide), methylbutyltin-di-propenyl oxide, methylbutyltin-di-benzyloxide, methyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di-methoxide, methyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin Di-ethoxide, methyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-methoxide- (2-ethyl-1-hexyl oxide), methyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di-propoxide, methyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) Tin-di-butoxide, methyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di- (2-ethyl-1-butoxide), methyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di-pentyl oxide, methyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) ) Tin-di-hexyl oxide, methyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di-cyclohexyl oxide, methyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di- (2-ethyl-1-hexyl oxide), methyl (2- Ethyl-hexyl) tin-di-propenyl oxide, methyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di-benzyl oxide, butyl ( -Ethyl-hexyl) tin-di-methoxide, butyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di-ethoxide, butyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-methoxide- (2-ethyl-1-hexyl oxide), butyl ( 2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di-propoxide, butyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di-butoxide, butyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di- (2-ethyl-1-butoxide), butyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di-pentyl oxide, butyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di-hexyl oxide, butyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di-cyclohexyl oxide, butyl (2-ethyl- Hexyl) tin-di- (2-ethyl-1-hexyloxide), butyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di-propenyl Oxide, butyl (2-ethyl-hexyl) tin-di-benzyl oxide, di-n-butyltin-di-methoxide, di-n-butyltin-methoxide- (2-ethyl-1-hexyl oxide), di-n- Butyltin-di-propoxide, di-n-butyltin-di-butoxide, di-n-butyltin-di- (2-ethyl-1-hexyl oxide), di-n-butyltin-di-hexyl oxide, di-n -Butyltin-di- (2-ethyl-1-hexyl oxide), di-n-butyltin-di-benzyloxide, di-t-butyltin-di-methoxide, di-t-butyltin-di-propoxide, di- t-butyltin-di-butoxide, di-t-butyltin-di-hexyl oxide, di-t-butyltin-di-cyclooxide, di-t-butyltin Di-propenyl oxide, di-t-butyltin-di-benzyl oxide, di-phenyltin-di-methoxide, di-phenyltin-methoxide- (2-ethyl-1-hexyl oxide), di-phenyltin-di-propoxide, Di-phenyltin-di-butoxide, di-phenyltin-di- (2-ethyl-1-hexyl oxide), di-phenyltin-di-pentyl oxide, di-phenyltin-di-hexyl oxide, di-phenyltin-di- ( 2-ethyl-1-hexyl oxide), di-phenyltin-di-cyclohexyl oxide, di-phenyltin-di-propenyl oxide, di-phenyltin-di-benzyl oxide and the like.
一般式(III)で表わされる金属アルコキシド化合物としては、特に制限がないが、例えば、1,1,3,3-テトラブチル-1,3-ジ-スタンオキシド、1,1,3,3-テロラブチル-1-(メトキシ)-3-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシ)-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラブチル-1,3-ジ-エトキシ-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラブチル-1、3-ジ-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシ)-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラブチル-1,3-ジ-プロポキシ-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラブチル-1,3-ジ-ペンチルオキシ-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラブチル-1,3-ジ-ヘキシルオキシ-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラブチル-1,3-ジ-(2-エチル-1-ヘキシルオキシ)-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラブチル-1,3-ジ-シクロヘキシルオキシ-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラブチル-1,3-ジ-ベンジルオキシ-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラブチル-1,3-ジ-メトキシ-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラブチル-1,3-ジ-エトキシ-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラフェニル-1,3-ジ-メトキシ-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラフェニル-1,3-ジ-エトキシ-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラフェニル-1,3-ジ-ブトキシージースタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラフェニル-1,3-ジ-(2-エチル-1-ブトキシ)-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラフェニル-1,3-ジ-プロポキシ-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラフェニル-1,3-ジ-ペンチルオキシ-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラフェニル-1,3-ジ-ヘキシルオキシ-ジ-スタンオキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラフェニル-1,3-ジ-シクロヘキシル-ジ-スタンオキサンのようなアルコキシジスタンオキサン、アラルキルオキシジスタンオキサンなどが挙げられる。 The metal alkoxide compound represented by the general formula (III) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-distanoxide, 1,1,3,3-terolabutyl. -1- (methoxy) -3- (2-ethyl-1-hexyloxy) -di-stannoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-di-ethoxy-di-stannoxane, 1,1, 3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-di- (2-ethyl-1-hexyloxy) -distanoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-dipropoxy-distanoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-di-pentyloxy-di-stannoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-di-hexyloxy-di-stannoxane, 1,1,3 , 3- Trabutyl-1,3-di- (2-ethyl-1-hexyloxy) -di-stannoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-di-cyclohexyloxy-di-stannoxane, 1,1, 3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-di-benzyloxy-distanoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl-1,3-di-methoxy-distanoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl -1,3-di-ethoxy-di-stannoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyl-1,3-di-methoxy-di-stannoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyl-1,3 -Di-ethoxy-di-stannoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyl-1,3-di-butoxydistannoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyl-1,3-di- (2-ethyl 1-butoxy) -di-stanoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyl-1,3-di-propoxy-di-stanoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyl-1,3-di-pentyl Oxy-di-stannoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyl-1,3-di-hexyloxy-di-stannoxane, 1,1,3,3-tetraphenyl-1,3-di-cyclohexyl-di -Alkoxy distan oxanes such as stan oxane, aralkyloxy distan oxanes and the like.
上記のカルバミン酸エステル生成反応は、その反応方法に特に制限はないが、例えばアミン及び金属アルコキシド化合物を仕込んだ反応装置に二酸化炭素を充填させることにより行うことができる。アミン及び金属アルコキシド化合物の使用量に特に制限はなく、使用する原料の種類などにより異なるが、アミンの使用量1モル当量に対し、金属アルコキシド化合物の使用量は例えば1/4モル当量以上、好ましくは1/3モル当量以上、より好ましくは1/2モル当量以上、更に好ましくは1モル当量以上である(上限に特に制限はないが好ましくは10モル当量以下である)。 The above-mentioned carbamic acid ester formation reaction is not particularly limited in its reaction method, but can be performed, for example, by charging carbon dioxide into a reaction apparatus charged with an amine and a metal alkoxide compound. The amount of amine and metal alkoxide compound used is not particularly limited and varies depending on the type of raw material used. The amount of metal alkoxide compound used is, for example, 1/4 molar equivalent or more, preferably 1 molar equivalent of amine. Is 1/3 molar equivalents or more, more preferably 1/2 molar equivalents or more, and even more preferably 1 molar equivalents or more (the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 molar equivalents or less).
上記のカルバミン酸エステル生成反応の反応温度は特に制限はないが、反応を十分に進行させ、かつウレア等の副生成物の生成を抑制する観点から、例えば室温~300℃、好ましくは100~200℃であり、より好ましくは130~200℃、更に好ましくは150~180℃である。反応圧力は特に制限なく、反応に使用する耐圧装置の製造コストなどによって定められるが、通常1~1000気圧、好ましくは5~500気圧、更に好ましくは10~100気圧である。具体的には、例えば1~100MPa、好ましくは2~50MPa、より好ましくは3~20MPaである。上記のカルバミン酸エステル生成反応は従来の反応に比べ比較的低圧でも反応を進行させることができる。反応時間は用いる原料であるアミンや金属アルコキシド化合物の種類、反応温度、反応圧力など諸条件により異なるが、0.1~24時間で充分である。具体的には、反応を十分に進行させ、かつウレア等の副生成物の生成を抑制する観点から、例えば10分~2時間、好ましくは10~60分である。 The reaction temperature of the above carbamic acid ester formation reaction is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of sufficiently proceeding the reaction and suppressing the formation of by-products such as urea, for example, room temperature to 300 ° C., preferably 100 to 200 ° C, more preferably 130 to 200 ° C, still more preferably 150 to 180 ° C. The reaction pressure is not particularly limited and is determined depending on the production cost of the pressure device used for the reaction, but is usually 1 to 1000 atm, preferably 5 to 500 atm, and more preferably 10 to 100 atm. Specifically, for example, it is 1 to 100 MPa, preferably 2 to 50 MPa, more preferably 3 to 20 MPa. The above carbamic acid ester formation reaction can proceed even at a relatively low pressure compared to conventional reactions. The reaction time varies depending on various conditions such as the type of amine or metal alkoxide compound used as a raw material, the reaction temperature, and the reaction pressure, but 0.1 to 24 hours is sufficient. Specifically, the time is, for example, 10 minutes to 2 hours, preferably 10 to 60 minutes, from the viewpoint of sufficiently allowing the reaction to proceed and suppressing the formation of by-products such as urea.
また、上記のカルバミン酸エステル生成反応は無溶媒でもよいが、反応を阻害しないような溶媒を用いることもできる。このような溶媒としては、例えば、炭化水素類、エーテル類などが挙げられ、具体的には、ベンゼン、トルエン、ヘキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、ジエチルエーテル、ジオキサン、アセトニトリル、ジクロロメタンなどが例示される。上記のカルバミン酸エステル生成反応では、反応を十分進行させる観点から、アルコール(メタノール、エタノール等)以外の溶媒を使用することが好ましい。 In addition, the above carbamic acid ester formation reaction may be solventless, but a solvent that does not inhibit the reaction can also be used. Examples of such solvents include hydrocarbons and ethers, and specific examples include benzene, toluene, hexane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and the like. In the above carbamic acid ester production reaction, it is preferable to use a solvent other than alcohol (methanol, ethanol, etc.) from the viewpoint of sufficiently proceeding the reaction.
上記のように二酸化炭素とアミンと金属アルコキシド化合物とを反応させることにより、一段階で、かつウレア等の副生成物の生成は少なく、カルバミン酸エステルを高収率、高選択率で得ることができる。また、上記のカルバミン酸エステル生成反応で使用した使用済み金属アルコキシド化合物は再生することができ、再生した金属アルコキシド化合物は、新たなカルバミン酸エステル生成反応に再利用することができる。よって、本発明のカルバミン酸エステルの製造方法は、金属アルコキシド化合物を再生し再利用する工程を更に含んでいてもよい。具体的には、本製造方法は、二酸化炭素とアミンと金属アルコキシド化合物とを反応させてカルバミン酸エステルを含有する反応混合物を生成させる工程と、反応混合物からカルバミン酸エステルを分離して残留液を得る工程と、残留液をアルコールと反応させて金属アルコキシド化合物を再生する工程と、二酸化炭素とアミンと再生した金属アルコキシド化合物とを反応させる工程とを含むものであってもよい。 By reacting carbon dioxide, an amine, and a metal alkoxide compound as described above, it is possible to obtain a carbamic acid ester in a high yield and a high selectivity in a single step and with little production of by-products such as urea. it can. The used metal alkoxide compound used in the above carbamic acid ester formation reaction can be regenerated, and the regenerated metal alkoxide compound can be reused in a new carbamic acid ester formation reaction. Therefore, the method for producing a carbamic acid ester of the present invention may further include a step of regenerating and reusing the metal alkoxide compound. Specifically, the present production method comprises a step of reacting carbon dioxide, an amine and a metal alkoxide compound to form a reaction mixture containing a carbamate ester, and separating the carbamate ester from the reaction mixture to obtain a residual liquid. It may include a step of obtaining, a step of reacting the residual liquid with alcohol to regenerate the metal alkoxide compound, and a step of reacting carbon dioxide, the amine and the regenerated metal alkoxide compound.
より具体的には、例えば以下の(イ)~(ニ)の工程によりカルバミン酸エステルを再生し再利用することができる。好ましくは(イ)~(ニ)の工程を2回以上連続的に繰り返すことでカルバミン酸エステルを連続的に得ることができ、工業的にも有利である。
(イ)二酸化炭素とアミン及び金属アルコキシド化合物とを反応させ、カルバミン酸エステルを含有する反応混合物を生成させる工程。
(ロ)反応混合物からカルバミン酸エステルを分離して残留液を得る工程。
(ハ)残留液をアルコールと反応させて、金属アルコキシド化合物を得る工程。
(ニ)工程(ハ)で得られた金属アルコキシド化合物を工程(イ)へ循環する工程。
More specifically, for example, the carbamate can be regenerated and reused by the following steps (a) to (d). Preferably, the steps (a) to (d) are continuously repeated twice or more, whereby the carbamic acid ester can be obtained continuously, which is industrially advantageous.
(A) A step of reacting carbon dioxide with an amine and a metal alkoxide compound to form a reaction mixture containing a carbamic acid ester.
(B) A step of separating the carbamate from the reaction mixture to obtain a residual liquid.
(C) A step of reacting the residual liquid with alcohol to obtain a metal alkoxide compound.
(D) A step of circulating the metal alkoxide compound obtained in step (c) to step (a).
上記の反応は、次式で表わすことができる。
(1)CO2 + アミン + 金属アルコキシド化合物
→ 使用済み金属アルコキシド化合物 + カルバミン酸エステル
(2)使用済み金属アルコキシド化合物 + アルコール
→ 金属アルコキシド化合物 + 水
(3)(2)の金属アルコキシド化合物 → (1)に循環使用
金属アルコキシド化合物を再生、再利用する場合、上記式に示すようにプロセス全体として消費されるのはCO2、アミン、アルコールのみであり、また目的物以外の生成物は主に水のみであり、環境面、経済面で有利である。
The above reaction can be represented by the following formula.
(1) CO 2 + amine + metal alkoxide compound → used metal alkoxide compound + carbamate (2) used metal alkoxide compound + alcohol → metal alkoxide compound + water (3) metal alkoxide compound of (2) → (1 When the metal alkoxide compound is recycled and reused, only CO 2 , amine and alcohol are consumed as a whole process as shown in the above formula, and products other than the target product are mainly water. It is only environmentally and economically advantageous.
(イ)の工程は、二酸化炭素とアミン及び金属アルコキシド化合物とを反応させて、カルバミン酸エステルを含有する反応混合物を生成させる工程である。反応方法、反応条件等は上記した通りである。 Step (a) is a step of reacting carbon dioxide with an amine and a metal alkoxide compound to produce a reaction mixture containing a carbamate. The reaction method, reaction conditions, etc. are as described above.
(ロ)の工程は、(イ)の反応工程で得られるカルバミン酸エステルと使用済み金属アルコキシド化合物を含む反応混合物から、目的生成物であるカルバミン酸エステルと使用済み金属アルコキシド化合物を含む残留液を分離するものである。この分離操作は従来公知の方法、たとえば蒸留等の手段によって行われる。 In the step (b), from the reaction mixture containing the carbamic acid ester and the used metal alkoxide compound obtained in the reaction step (b), a residual liquid containing the target product carbamic acid ester and the used metal alkoxide compound is obtained. To separate. This separation operation is performed by a conventionally known method such as distillation.
(ハ)の工程は、残留液から金属アルコキシド化合物を得る工程である。
この工程は、使用済み金属アルコキシド化合物をアルコールと反応させることからなる。
本発明の製造方法においては、金属アルコキシド化合物(金属-酸素-炭素結合)が二酸化炭素及びアミンと量論的に反応してカルバミン酸エステルが生成し、金属アルコキシド化合物は金属―酸素結合をもつ化合物、例えば金属ヒドロキシドあるいは金属オキシドなど、あるいは金属-窒素結合をもつ化合物、例えば原料アミンが金属に結合した金属アミドなどに変化する。すなわち使用済み金属アルコキシド化合物には、例えば金属ヒドロキシド、金属オキシドあるいは金属アミドなどが含有される。
本工程は、かかる金属-酸素結合あるいは金属-窒素結合を有する金属化合物をアルコールと反応させて、対応する金属アルコキシド化合物に変換するものである。この変換工程においては、反応の平衡が生成系側に有利になるようにするため、反応系中から水を除去することが重要である。水を反応系外に除去する方法としては蒸留や膜分離等でもよいが、脱水剤を使用してもよい。
Step (c) is a step of obtaining a metal alkoxide compound from the residual liquid.
This step consists of reacting the used metal alkoxide compound with alcohol.
In the production method of the present invention, a metal alkoxide compound (metal-oxygen-carbon bond) reacts stoichiometrically with carbon dioxide and an amine to produce a carbamate, and the metal alkoxide compound is a compound having a metal-oxygen bond. For example, metal hydroxide or metal oxide, or a compound having a metal-nitrogen bond, such as a metal amide in which a raw material amine is bonded to a metal. That is, the used metal alkoxide compound contains, for example, metal hydroxide, metal oxide or metal amide.
In this step, a metal compound having such a metal-oxygen bond or metal-nitrogen bond is reacted with an alcohol to convert it into a corresponding metal alkoxide compound. In this conversion step, it is important to remove water from the reaction system so that the equilibrium of the reaction becomes advantageous to the production system side. As a method for removing water from the reaction system, distillation or membrane separation may be used, but a dehydrating agent may be used.
このような脱水剤としては、有機、無機何れのものも使用できるが、有機脱水剤としては、下記一般式(V)で表されるアセタールを用いることが好ましい。
このようなアセタール化合物として、より具体的には、例えばベンズアルデヒド ジメチルアセタール、アセトアルデヒド ジメチルアセタール、ホルムアルデヒド ジメチルアセタール、アセトン ジメチルアセタール、アセトン ジエチルアセタール、アセトン ジベンジルアセタール、ジエチルケトン ジメチルアセタール、ベンゾフェノン ジメチルアセタール、ベンジルフェニルケトン ジメチルアセタール、シクロヘキサノン ジメチルアセタール、アセトフェノン ジメチルアセタール、2、2-ジメトキシ-2-フェニルアセトフェノン アセタール、4、4-ジメトキシ-2、5-シクロヘキサジエン-1-オンアセタール、ジメチルアセトアミド ジエチルアセタールなどが挙げられる。 More specifically, as such acetal compounds, for example, benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal, acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, formaldehyde dimethyl acetal, acetone dimethyl acetal, acetone diethyl acetal, acetone dibenzyl acetal, diethyl ketone dimethyl acetal, benzophenone dimethyl acetal, benzyl phenyl Ketones dimethyl acetal, cyclohexanone dimethyl acetal, acetophenone dimethyl acetal, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone acetal, 4,4-dimethoxy-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one acetal, dimethylacetamide diethyl acetal, etc. .
無機脱水剤としては、モレキュラーシーブ(3A)、モレキュラーシーブ(4A)等のゼオライト類、塩化カルシウム(無水)、硫酸カルシウム(無水)、塩化マグネシウム(無水)、硫酸マグネシウム(無水)、炭酸カリウム(無水)、硫化カリウム(無水)、亜硫化カリウム(無水)、硫酸ナトリウム(無水)、亜硫酸ナトリウム(無水)、硫酸銅(無水)などの無機無水塩類等が挙げられる。 As inorganic dehydrating agents, zeolites such as molecular sieve (3A) and molecular sieve (4A), calcium chloride (anhydrous), calcium sulfate (anhydrous), magnesium chloride (anhydrous), magnesium sulfate (anhydrous), potassium carbonate (anhydrous) ), Potassium sulfide (anhydrous), potassium sulfite (anhydrous), sodium sulfate (anhydrous), sodium sulfite (anhydrous), inorganic anhydrous salts such as copper sulfate (anhydrous), and the like.
(ハ)の工程で使用するアルコールに特に制限はないが、得られた金属アルコキシド化合物を(イ)の工程に循環することを考慮し、(イ)の工程で用いる金属アルコキシド化合物のアルコキシド成分と同種類のアルコールを用いることが好ましい。 Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the alcohol used at the process of (c), In consideration of circulating the obtained metal alkoxide compound to the process of (b), the alkoxide component of the metal alkoxide compound used at the process of (b) and It is preferable to use the same kind of alcohol.
(ハ)の工程における金属アルコキシド化合物を得る反応の反応温度は特に制限はないが、室温~300℃、好ましくは80~200℃で1~100時間行う。 The reaction temperature of the reaction for obtaining the metal alkoxide compound in the step (c) is not particularly limited, but is performed at room temperature to 300 ° C., preferably 80 to 200 ° C. for 1 to 100 hours.
(ニ)の工程は、工程(ハ)で得られた金属アルコキシド化合物を工程(イ)へ循環するものである。 In step (d), the metal alkoxide compound obtained in step (c) is circulated to step (b).
次に、本発明を実施例に基づいてさらに詳細に説明する。 Next, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples.
実施例1
実施例2~4
金属アルコキシド化合物としてテトラメトキシチタンの代わりに、下記の金属アルコキシド化合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果をアニリン基準の芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの収率(%)で示す。
実施例2;テトラエトキシチタン (収率:57%)
実施例3;テトラ-i-プロポキシチタン(収率:50%)
実施例4;テトラブトキシチタン (収率:50%)
Examples 2-4
An aromatic carbamic acid ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following metal alkoxide compound was used instead of tetramethoxytitanium as the metal alkoxide compound.
The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
Example 2: Tetraethoxytitanium (Yield: 57%)
Example 3 Tetra-i-propoxytitanium (Yield: 50%)
Example 4; Tetrabutoxy titanium (Yield: 50%)
実施例5~8
原料及び反応条件は実施例1と同様にして、溶媒が異なる条件で芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果をアニリン基準の芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの収率(%)で示す。
実施例5;1、4-ジオキサン(収率:50%)
実施例6;ジエチルエテール (収率:47%)
実施例7;テトラヒドロフラン(収率:48%)
実施例8;ジクロロメタン (収率:46%)
Examples 5-8
The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 1, and aromatic carbamic acid esters were synthesized under conditions where the solvent was different.
The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
Example 5; 1,4-dioxane (yield: 50%)
Example 6: Diethyl ether (Yield: 47%)
Example 7: Tetrahydrofuran (Yield: 48%)
Example 8: Dichloromethane (Yield: 46%)
実施例9~12
原料及び反応条件は実施例1と同様にして、金属アルコキシド化合物であるテトラメトキシチタンの量が異なる条件で芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果をアニリン基準の芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの収率(%)で示す。
実施例9 ;0.2mmol(収率:20%)
実施例10;0.4mmol(収率:38%)
実施例11;0.6mmol(収率:45%)
実施例12;1.6mmol(収率:66%)
Examples 9-12
The aromatic carbamic acid ester was synthesized under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that the amount of tetramethoxytitanium, which is a metal alkoxide compound, was different.
The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
Example 9; 0.2 mmol (yield: 20%)
Example 10; 0.4 mmol (yield: 38%)
Example 11; 0.6 mmol (yield: 45%)
Example 12; 1.6 mmol (yield: 66%)
実施例13~15
原料及び反応条件は実施例1と同様にして、反応時間が異なる条件で芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果をアニリン基準の芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの収率(%)で示す。
実施例13;10分(収率:36%)
実施例14;30分(収率:57%)
実施例15;60分(収率:71%)
Examples 13-15
The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 1, and aromatic carbamic acid esters were synthesized under conditions with different reaction times.
The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
Example 13: 10 minutes (yield: 36%)
Example 14; 30 minutes (yield: 57%)
Example 15; 60 minutes (yield: 71%)
実施例16~20
原料及び反応条件は実施例1と同様にして、反応温度が異なる条件で芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果をアニリン基準の芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの収率(%)で示す。
実施例16;110℃(収率: 1%)
実施例17;130℃(収率:20%)
実施例18;170℃(収率:76%)
実施例19;180℃(収率:81%)
実施例20;200℃(収率:77%)
Examples 16-20
The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 1, and aromatic carbamic acid esters were synthesized under conditions where reaction temperatures were different.
The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
Example 16: 110 ° C. (Yield: 1%)
Example 17; 130 ° C. (Yield: 20%)
Example 18; 170 ° C. (Yield: 76%)
Example 19: 180 ° C. (Yield: 81%)
Example 20: 200 ° C. (Yield: 77%)
実施例21~26
原料及び反応条件は実施例1と同様にして、二酸化炭素の内圧が異なる条件で芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果をアニリン基準の芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの収率(%)で示す。
実施例21; 1MPa(収率:42%)
実施例22; 2MPa(収率:52%)
実施例23; 3MPa(収率:57%)
実施例24; 8MPa(収率:56%)
実施例25;10MPa(収率:59%)
実施例26;15MPa(収率:57%)
Examples 21-26
The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 1, and the aromatic carbamic acid ester was synthesized under conditions where the internal pressure of carbon dioxide was different.
The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
Example 21; 1 MPa (yield: 42%)
Example 22; 2 MPa (yield: 52%)
Example 23; 3 MPa (yield: 57%)
Example 24; 8 MPa (yield: 56%)
Example 25: 10 MPa (Yield: 59%)
Example 26: 15 MPa (Yield: 57%)
実施例27
金属アルコキシド化合物としてテトラメトキシチタンの代わりに、テトラブトキシチタンを用いたこと以外は、実施例19(反応温度180℃)と同様にして芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果、アニリン基準の芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの収率は82%であった。
Example 27
An aromatic carbamic acid ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 19 (reaction temperature 180 ° C.) except that tetrabutoxytitanium was used instead of tetramethoxytitanium as the metal alkoxide compound.
As a result, the yield of aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline was 82%.
実施例28~31
原料及び反応条件は実施例19(反応温度180℃)と同様にして、反応時間が異なる条件で芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果をアニリン基準の芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの収率(%)で示す。
実施例28;10分(収率:81%)
実施例29;30分(収率:85%)
実施例30;40分(収率:78%)
実施例31;60分(収率:79%)
Examples 28-31
The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 19 (reaction temperature 180 ° C.), and aromatic carbamic acid esters were synthesized under conditions with different reaction times.
The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
Example 28; 10 minutes (yield: 81%)
Example 29; 30 minutes (yield: 85%)
Example 30; 40 minutes (yield: 78%)
Example 31; 60 minutes (yield: 79%)
実施例32~37
原料及び反応条件は実施例29(反応温度180℃、反応時間30分)と同様にして、二酸化炭素の内圧が異なる条件で芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果をアニリン基準の芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの収率(%)で示す。
実施例32; 1MPa(収率:52%)
実施例33; 2MPa(収率:72%)
実施例34; 3MPa(収率:73%)
実施例35; 4MPa(収率:82%)
実施例36; 8MPa(収率:82%)
実施例37;10MPa(収率:84%)
Examples 32-37
The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 29 (reaction temperature 180 ° C., reaction time 30 minutes), and aromatic carbamic acid esters were synthesized under conditions where the internal pressure of carbon dioxide was different.
The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
Example 32; 1 MPa (yield: 52%)
Example 33; 2 MPa (yield: 72%)
Example 34; 3 MPa (yield: 73%)
Example 35; 4 MPa (Yield: 82%)
Example 36; 8 MPa (Yield: 82%)
Example 37; 10 MPa (yield: 84%)
実施例38~39
原料及び反応条件は実施例29(反応温度180℃、反応時間30分)と同様にして、金属アルコキシド化合物であるテトラメトキシチタンの量が異なる条件で芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果をアニリン基準の芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの収率(%)で示す。
実施例38;0.4mmol(収率:47%)
実施例39;1.6mmol(収率:86%)
Examples 38-39
The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 29 (reaction temperature 180 ° C., reaction time 30 minutes), and aromatic carbamic acid esters were synthesized under conditions where the amount of tetramethoxytitanium, which is a metal alkoxide compound, was different.
The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
Example 38; 0.4 mmol (yield: 47%)
Example 39; 1.6 mmol (yield: 86%)
実施例40~49
アニリンの代わりに、下記の各種アミンを用いたこと以外は、実施例28(反応温度180℃、反応時間30分)と同様にしてカルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果をアミン基準のカルバミン酸エステルの収率(%)で示す。
実施例40;4-メチルアニリン(p-アミノトルエン)(収率:90%)
実施例41;4-ブロモアニリン(収率:80%)
実施例42;4-シアノアニリン(収率:61%)
実施例43;4-ニトロアニリン(収率:53%)
実施例44;4-トリフルオロメチルアニリン(収率:69%)
実施例45;4-メトキシアニリン(収率:98%)
実施例46;3-メトキシアニリン(収率:85%)
実施例47;2-メトキシアニリン(収率:66%)
実施例48;シクロヘキシルアミン(収率:86%)
実施例49;t-ブチルアミン(収率:87%)
Examples 40-49
A carbamic acid ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 28 (reaction temperature 180 ° C., reaction time 30 minutes) except that the following various amines were used instead of aniline.
The result is shown as the yield (%) of carbamic acid ester based on amine.
Example 40; 4-methylaniline (p-aminotoluene) (yield: 90%)
Example 41; 4-bromoaniline (yield: 80%)
Example 42; 4-cyanoaniline (yield: 61%)
Example 43; 4-nitroaniline (yield: 53%)
Example 44; 4-trifluoromethylaniline (yield: 69%)
Example 45; 4-methoxyaniline (yield: 98%)
Example 46; 3-methoxyaniline (yield: 85%)
Example 47; 2-methoxyaniline (yield: 66%)
Example 48; cyclohexylamine (yield: 86%)
Example 49; t-butylamine (yield: 87%)
実施例50~51
アニリンの代わりに、下記の各種ジアミンを用いたこと以外は、実施例28(反応温度180℃、反応時間30分)と同様にして芳香族ジカルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果をジアミン基準の芳香族ジカルバミン酸エステルの収率(%)で示す。
実施例50;4,4’-メチレンジアニリン(収率:77%)
実施例51;2,4-ジアミノトルエン(収率:63%)
Examples 50-51
An aromatic dicarbamic acid ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 28 (reaction temperature 180 ° C., reaction time 30 minutes) except that the following various diamines were used instead of aniline.
The results are shown as the yield (%) of aromatic dicarbamic acid ester based on diamine.
Example 50; 4,4′-methylenedianiline (yield: 77%)
Example 51; 2,4-diaminotoluene (yield: 63%)
実施例52
撹拌装置を具備した10mL容積のオートクレーブに、アニリン(0.8mmol)、金属アルコキシド化合物であるジブチルスズジメトキシド(2.4mmol)及び溶媒として1、4-ジオキサン(3mL)を仕込んだ後、二酸化炭素ボンベから液化二酸化炭素(約0.5MPa)を充填し、密封した。その後、オートクレーブ内を攪拌しつつ150℃にまで加熱し、二酸化炭素をさらに充填することにより、内圧を5MPaに昇圧後、20分間反応させた。冷却後、残存する二酸化炭素を放出し、反応混合物を液体クロマトグラフィーにより分析した。アニリン基準の芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの収率は80%(=アニリン転化率84%×芳香族カルバミン酸エステル選択率95%)であった。
Example 52
An autoclave having a volume of 10 mL equipped with a stirrer was charged with aniline (0.8 mmol), metal alkoxide compound dibutyltin dimethoxide (2.4 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) as a solvent, and then a carbon dioxide bomb. Was filled with liquefied carbon dioxide (about 0.5 MPa) and sealed. Thereafter, the inside of the autoclave was heated to 150 ° C. with stirring, and further filled with carbon dioxide, thereby increasing the internal pressure to 5 MPa and allowing the reaction to proceed for 20 minutes. After cooling, the remaining carbon dioxide was released and the reaction mixture was analyzed by liquid chromatography. The yield of aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline was 80% (= aniline conversion 84% × aromatic carbamic acid ester selectivity 95%).
実施例53
金属アルコキシド化合物としてジブチルスズジメトキシドの代わりに、ジブチルスズジブトキシドを用いたこと以外は、実施例52と同様にして芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果、アニリン基準の芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの収率は35%であった。
Example 53
An aromatic carbamic acid ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 52 except that dibutyltin dibutoxide was used as the metal alkoxide compound instead of dibutyltin dimethoxide.
As a result, the yield of aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline was 35%.
実施例54~55
原料及び反応条件は実施例52と同様にして、金属アルコキシド化合物であるジブチルスズジメトキシドの量が異なる条件で芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果をアニリン基準の芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの収率(%)で示す。
実施例54;0.8mmol(収率:34%)
実施例55;1.6mmol(収率:68%)
Examples 54-55
The aromatic carbamic acid ester was synthesized under the same conditions as in Example 52, except that the amount of dibutyltin dimethoxide as a metal alkoxide compound was different.
The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
Example 54; 0.8 mmol (yield: 34%)
Example 55; 1.6 mmol (yield: 68%)
実施例56~59
原料及び反応条件は実施例52と同様にして、反応温度が異なる条件で芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果をアニリン基準の芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの収率(%)で示す。
実施例56;100℃(収率: 1%)
実施例57;110℃(収率:10%)
実施例58;130℃(収率:37%)
実施例59;180℃(収率:72%)
Examples 56-59
The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 52, and aromatic carbamic acid esters were synthesized under conditions where reaction temperatures were different.
The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
Example 56; 100 ° C. (Yield: 1%)
Example 57; 110 ° C. (Yield: 10%)
Example 58; 130 ° C. (Yield: 37%)
Example 59; 180 ° C. (Yield: 72%)
実施例60~62
原料及び反応条件は実施例52と同様にして、二酸化炭素の内圧が異なる条件で芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果をアニリン基準の芳香族カルバミン酸エステルの収率(%)で示す。
実施例60; 1MPa(収率:68%)
実施例61; 2MPa(収率:77%)
実施例62;10MPa(収率:78%)
Examples 60-62
The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 52, and the aromatic carbamic acid ester was synthesized under conditions where the internal pressure of carbon dioxide was different.
The results are shown as the yield (%) of the aromatic carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
Example 60; 1 MPa (yield: 68%)
Example 61; 2 MPa (yield: 77%)
Example 62: 10 MPa (Yield: 78%)
実施例63
アニリンの代わりに、2,4-ジアミノトルエンを用いたこと以外は、実施例52と同様にして芳香族ジカルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果、2,4-ジアミノトルエン基準の芳香族ジカルバミン酸エステルの収率は46%であった。
Example 63
An aromatic dicarbamic acid ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 52 except that 2,4-diaminotoluene was used instead of aniline.
As a result, the yield of aromatic dicarbamic acid ester based on 2,4-diaminotoluene was 46%.
実施例64
原料及び反応条件は実施例63と同様にして、金属アルコキシド化合物であるジブチルスズジメトキシド(4.8mmol)で芳香族ジカルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果、2,4-ジアミノトルエン基準の芳香族ジカルバミン酸エステルの収率は65%であった。
Example 64
The raw materials and reaction conditions were the same as in Example 63, and an aromatic dicarbamic acid ester was synthesized with dibutyltin dimethoxide (4.8 mmol), which is a metal alkoxide compound.
As a result, the yield of aromatic dicarbamic acid ester based on 2,4-diaminotoluene was 65%.
実施例65
金属アルコキシド化合物としてジブチルスズジメトキシドの代わりに、ジブチルスズジブトキシドを用いたこと以外は、実施例63と同様にして芳香族ジカルバミン酸エステルの合成を行った。
その結果、2,4-ジアミノトルエン基準の芳香族ジカルバミン酸エステルの収率は44%であった。
Example 65
An aromatic dicarbamic acid ester was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 63 except that dibutyltin dibutoxide was used in place of dibutyltin dimethoxide as the metal alkoxide compound.
As a result, the yield of aromatic dicarbamic acid ester based on 2,4-diaminotoluene was 44%.
実施例66
撹拌装置を具備した10mL容積のオートクレーブに、シクロヘキシルアミン(0.8mmol)、金属アルコキシド化合物であるテトラメトキシチタン(0.8mmol)及び溶媒としてアセトニトリル(3mL)を仕込んだ後、二酸化炭素ボンベから液化二酸化炭素(約3MPa)を充填し、密封した。その後、オートクレーブ内を攪拌しつつ150℃にまで加熱し、二酸化炭素をさらに充填することにより、内圧を5MPaに昇圧後、20分間反応させた。冷却後、残存する二酸化炭素を放出し、反応混合物を液体クロマトグラフィーにより分析した。シクロヘキシルアミン基準の脂肪族カルバミン酸エステルの収率は33%であった。
Example 66
A 10 mL volume autoclave equipped with a stirrer was charged with cyclohexylamine (0.8 mmol), tetraalkoxytitanium (0.8 mmol) as a metal alkoxide compound, and acetonitrile (3 mL) as a solvent, and then liquefied carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide cylinder. Filled with carbon (about 3 MPa) and sealed. Thereafter, the inside of the autoclave was heated to 150 ° C. with stirring, and further filled with carbon dioxide, thereby increasing the internal pressure to 5 MPa and allowing the reaction to proceed for 20 minutes. After cooling, the remaining carbon dioxide was released and the reaction mixture was analyzed by liquid chromatography. The yield of aliphatic carbamic acid ester based on cyclohexylamine was 33%.
実施例67~77(カルバミン酸エステルの合成及び使用済み金属アルコキシド化合物の金属アルコキシド化合物への変換・再利用)
工程(ロ):上記工程(イ)で得られた反応混合物にブタノール(20mL)を加えて、100mL容積のフラスコに移した。次に、ロータリー・エバポレーターを用いて室温で溶媒を含む低沸点物質を除去した。その後、100℃で減圧蒸留を行うことによりカルバミン酸エステルを分離して残留液を得た。
工程(ハ):上記工程(ロ)で得られた残留液にブタノール(50mL)を加えた。次に、フラスコ上部に水の除去をするためのディーン・スターク管を装着し、直管部分に枝のところまでトルエンを注入した。その後、160℃で24時間還流させた。冷却後、減圧蒸留により過剰のブタノールを除去し、黄色油状液体を得た。NMRによりチタンブトキシド化合物であることを確認した。
工程(二):上記工程(ハ)で得られたチタンブトキシド化合物を工程(イ)へ循環することで再利用した。その結果をアニリン基準のカルバミン酸エステルの収率(%)で示す。
実施例67;収率:50%(初回)
実施例68;収率:55%(再利用1回目)
実施例69;収率:53%(再利用2回目)
実施例70;収率:51%(再利用3回目)
実施例71;収率:50%(再利用4回目)
実施例72;収率:51%(再利用5回目)
実施例73;収率:52%(再利用6回目)
実施例74;収率:55%(再利用7回目)
実施例75;収率:55%(再利用8回目)
実施例76;収率:54%(再利用9回目)
実施例77;収率:52%(再利用10回目)
Examples 67 to 77 (Synthesis of carbamic acid ester and conversion / reuse of used metal alkoxide compound into metal alkoxide compound)
Step (B): Butanol (20 mL) was added to the reaction mixture obtained in the above step (A), and the resulting mixture was transferred to a 100 mL volumetric flask. Next, low-boiling substances including a solvent were removed at room temperature using a rotary evaporator. Thereafter, the carbamic acid ester was separated by distillation under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. to obtain a residual liquid.
Step (c): Butanol (50 mL) was added to the residual liquid obtained in the above step (b). Next, a Dean-Stark tube for removing water was attached to the upper part of the flask, and toluene was poured into the straight tube part up to the branch. Thereafter, the mixture was refluxed at 160 ° C. for 24 hours. After cooling, excess butanol was removed by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain a yellow oily liquid. NMR confirmed that it was a titanium butoxide compound.
Step (2): The titanium butoxide compound obtained in the above step (c) was reused by circulating it to the step (a). The result is shown as the yield (%) of carbamic acid ester based on aniline.
Example 67; Yield: 50% (initial)
Example 68; Yield: 55% (first reuse)
Example 69; Yield: 53% (second reuse)
Example 70; Yield: 51% (3rd reuse)
Example 71; Yield: 50% (4th reuse)
Example 72; Yield: 51% (5th reuse)
Example 73; Yield: 52% (6th reuse)
Example 74; Yield: 55% (7th reuse)
Example 75; Yield: 55% (8th reuse)
Example 76; Yield: 54% (9th reuse)
Example 77; Yield: 52% (10th reuse)
Claims (7)
前記反応混合物からカルバミン酸エステルを分離して残留液を得る工程と、
前記残留液をアルコールと反応させて、金属アルコキシド化合物を再生する工程と、
二酸化炭素とアミンと前記再生した金属アルコキシド化合物とを反応させる工程と
を含む、請求項1に記載のカルバミン酸エステルの製造方法。 Reacting carbon dioxide, an amine and a metal alkoxide compound to form a reaction mixture containing a carbamate,
Separating a carbamate from the reaction mixture to obtain a residual liquid;
Reacting the residual liquid with alcohol to regenerate the metal alkoxide compound;
The method for producing a carbamic acid ester according to claim 1, comprising a step of reacting carbon dioxide, an amine and the regenerated metal alkoxide compound.
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| JP2021191741A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-16 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Method for manufacturing carbamate |
| JP2021191734A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-16 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Method for producing urea derivative |
| CN115956067A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2023-04-11 | 国立研究开发法人产业技术总合研究所 | Method for producing carbamate, method for producing carbamate, and method for producing urea derivative |
| EP4169901A4 (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2024-06-05 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology | CARBAMATE PRODUCTION PROCESS, CARBAMATE ESTER PRODUCTION PROCESS AND UREA DERIVATIVE PRODUCTION PROCESS |
| JP7525112B2 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2024-07-30 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Method for producing urea derivatives |
| JP7670282B2 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2025-04-30 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Method for producing carbamates |
| CN113201316A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-03 | 西南石油大学 | temperature/CO2pH multi-responsive emulsifier and emulsion and application thereof |
| CN115703721A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2023-02-17 | 深圳有为技术控股集团有限公司 | Novel carbamate compound, preparation method thereof and application thereof in preparation of isocyanate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2015133247A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
| JP6270180B2 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
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