WO2015110760A1 - Installation et procede de traitement par evaporation/condensation d'eau pompee en milieu naturel - Google Patents
Installation et procede de traitement par evaporation/condensation d'eau pompee en milieu naturel Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015110760A1 WO2015110760A1 PCT/FR2015/050155 FR2015050155W WO2015110760A1 WO 2015110760 A1 WO2015110760 A1 WO 2015110760A1 FR 2015050155 W FR2015050155 W FR 2015050155W WO 2015110760 A1 WO2015110760 A1 WO 2015110760A1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- evaporation chamber
- liquid form
- evaporation
- contained
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/10—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/14—Evaporating with heated gases or vapours or liquids in contact with the liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/007—Energy recuperation; Heat pumps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/34—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances
- B01D3/343—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas
- B01D3/346—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping with one or more auxiliary substances the substance being a gas the gas being used for removing vapours, e.g. transport gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/06—Flash evaporation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new installation and a new process for the evaporation / condensation treatment of water pumped in liquid form in a natural environment, such as in particular sea water, lake water, or water. of a watercourse, or groundwater.
- a natural environment such as in particular sea water, lake water, or water. of a watercourse, or groundwater.
- the invention makes it possible, for example, to desalt seawater, or to purify water pumped in a natural environment.
- the invention is also applicable to the use of the thermal energy of water pumped in the natural environment to produce electricity or to treat a gas.
- the evaporation of a liquid, and in particular of water at low pressure is moreover a well known and controlled method.
- This method of evaporation is related to the fact that the evaporation temperature of a liquid, and in particular of water, decreases with the atmospheric pressure above this liquid.
- the evaporation temperature of the water is of the order of 60 ° C; at 20 mbar, the evaporation temperature of the water is of the order of 17.5 ° C.
- a container such as for example a beaker
- This electrical energy produced from the steam can be obtained by means of a turbine, such as for example in French patent applications FR 2,515,727 and FR 2,534,293.
- This electrical energy can also advantageously be produced by condensation of the steam, and in particular of the water vapor produced, and by a transformation into electric energy of the energy recovered during the condensation of the steam.
- OTEC Ocean Themal Energy Conversion
- thermodynamic cycle of an intermediate working fluid there are three Rankine, Kalina and Uehara thermodynamic cycles that are compatible with the principle of OTEC systems.
- the liquid phase with a low concentration is used in the regenerator. Thereafter the two streams are fused in the condenser, where the fluid condenses by giving heat to the cold source. The fluid leaving the condenser is preheated in the regenerator and the same cycle starts again.
- the Kalina cycle is a cycle that has the particularity of varying the concentrations of the coolant (water + ammonia) to change the operating points. Indeed, at the level of the exchanger the concentration of ammonia is high, which makes the evaporation temperature low. Thus the fluid can be evaporated at a lower temperature. If the concentration of ammonia is low, it makes the condensation temperature higher and it thus becomes easier to condense the vapor since the liquid that will be used to condense (cold source) will not need to be very cold.
- the main stream leaving the turbine is expanded to the low pressure in a second turbine and then directed to an absorber, where it is mixed with the liquid fraction leaving the separator and previously cooled in the regenerator by exchange with the outgoing working fluid. from the rich pump, then relaxed at low pressure. At the output of the absorber, The resulting base mixture is condensed before being compressed to the intermediate pressure.
- OTEC systems and in particular OTEC systems based on the Uehara cycle, are:
- Water desalination systems have also been proposed, using a humidifier (evaporation device) coupled to a dehumidifier (condensation device). These systems are for example described in the publication "A solar desalination System using humidification-dehumidification process - A review of recent research", YB Karhe et al, International Jurnal of Modem Engineering Research, pages 966-977, April 30, 2013.
- the evaporation of water in the evaporation device is obtained by pre-heating the water before it is introduced into the evaporation chamber, in particular by using solar energy, and evaporating all the salt water which is introduced into the evaporation device, subsequently recovering the brine in the bottom of the evaporation device.
- These water desalination systems do not make it possible to operate with large water flows and it is not conceivable with these systems to use the low amount of water vapor generated to produce electricity.
- the invention aims at proposing a new technical solution for evaporation / condensation treatment of water in liquid form pumped in a natural environment, such as, in particular, seawater, lake water, or water from a lake. A watercourse, or groundwater
- a natural environment such as, in particular, seawater, lake water, or water from a lake.
- a watercourse, or groundwater The solution of the invention makes it possible to improve the energy conversion efficiencies and the implementation costs.
- the invention thus has as its first object a treatment plant, by evaporation and condensation, water in liquid form pumped in a natural environment.
- Said installation comprises an evaporation device, which comprises an evaporation chamber intended to contain water in liquid form, and for evaporating only part of the water contained in the evaporation chamber, and gas supply means for introducing a gas into the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber, so as to form gas bubbles in said water.
- Said installation comprises in addition to a heat exchanger, which comprises cooling means and which allows at least to condense water vapor from the evaporation chamber.
- Said installation comprises means for supplying water, which make it possible to pump water in liquid form in a natural environment, and in particular sea water, lake water or water from a water course.
- water, or groundwater to pass through said cooling means or put in contact with said cooling means this water in liquid form pumped in a natural environment, so as to allow the cooling of the steam of water from the evaporation chamber, and supplying the evaporation chamber with said water in liquid form pumped in the natural environment after this water in liquid form has been heated by having passed through or having been put in contact with it with said cooling means.
- the evaporation chamber comprises means for evacuating part of the water in liquid form contained in the enclosure which, in combination with the water supply means, allow a renewal of the water in liquid form inside the enclosure so that the temperature of the water in liquid form contained in the chamber is maintained at a temperature sufficient to maintain the evaporation of part of the water contained in the evaporation chamber.
- the installation of the invention may comprise the following additional and optional features, taken separately, or in combination with each other:
- the evaporation chamber is devoid of means for additional heating of the water contained in the evaporation chamber.
- the installation is devoid of means for additional heating water between the cooling means and the evaporation chamber.
- Said cooling means of the heat exchanger are positioned outside the evaporation chamber, and the water supply means make it possible to circulate through said cooling means of the heat exchanger said water under liquid form pumped in a natural environment, and used to supply the evaporation chamber with said water in liquid form pumped in the natural environment, after passing through the cooling means of the heat exchanger.
- At least part of the cooling means of the heat exchanger is positioned inside the evaporation chamber, so that it can be cooled by the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber.
- the cooling means of the heat exchanger comprises a closed evaporation / condensation circuit, in which can circulate in a closed loop a working fluid, and which comprises an evaporator of said working fluid and a condenser of said working fluid; the evaporator allows the condensation of the water vapor from the evaporation chamber.
- Said water supply means make it possible to cool the working fluid during its passage in said condenser, with water in liquid form pumped in a natural medium, and make it possible to supply the evaporation chamber with said water under water. liquid form after its heating by the working fluid in the condenser.
- the evaporator is positioned outside the evaporation chamber and the condenser is positioned in the evaporation chamber, so that it can be immersed in the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber .
- Said heat exchanger is a power generation system that also allows to recover the energy of the condensation of water vapor from the evaporation chamber (10), and transform it into electrical energy.
- Said heat exchanger comprises a turbine, which is mounted between the evaporator and the condenser, and which is able to be actuated by the working fluid in the vapor state, so as to produce electrical energy.
- the heat exchanger is designed to implement a Kalina cycle, or a Uehara cycle or a Rankine cycle, or a cycle derived from one or other of these cycles.
- the cooling means of the heat exchanger comprise a cooling circuit, which is intended to be in contact with the water vapor coming from the evaporation chamber, and in which circulates a coolant, and wherein said means supplying water to introduce and circulate in said cooling circuit said water in liquid form pumped in a natural environment, which water pumped in a natural environment serves as a heat transfer liquid in the cooling circuit, and allow to supplying the evaporation chamber with said water in liquid form from the cooling circuit after its heating by the steam from the evaporation chamber.
- the gas supply means comprise a compressor, which is positioned between the evaporation chamber (10) and the heat exchanger (3/3 '), and which allows to suck gas and steam from water within the evaporation chamber and supplying the heat exchanger with gas and water vapor from the evaporation chamber; the evaporation chamber comprises an inlet opening through which, when the compressor is operating, gas is sucked and introduced into the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber.
- Said compressor makes it possible to depressurize the inside of the evaporation chamber so as to allow evaporation of the water contained in the evaporation chamber at a temperature below 100.degree. C., preferably below 60.degree. ° C, and more preferably still below 25 ° C.
- the inlet opening of the evaporation chamber is an air intake communicating with the air, through which air is introduced into the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber .
- the inlet opening of the evaporation chamber, through which gas is introduced into the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber, is equipped with a gas flow control valve.
- the compressor is used to heat the gas and water vapor as they pass through the compressor.
- the gas supply means comprise a compressor, a gas inlet pipe in the compressor and an outlet pipe, which allows the injection of the gas delivered by the compressor into the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber.
- the gas supply means can automatically regulate the feed rate of the gas entering the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber.
- the gas supply means used to recycle the gas from the evaporation chamber by reinjecting it in whole or in part in water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber.
- the water supply means used to supply the evaporation chamber with water at a temperature above the temperature of the water discharged in liquid form from the evaporation chamber.
- the water supply means are adapted to automatically regulate the flow of water entering the evaporation chamber so as to maintain the evaporation of water in the evaporation chamber.
- the gas introduced into the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber is air or a mixture based on air.
- the gas introduced into the water comprises an inert gas, including helium.
- the gas supply means allow evaporation of the water contained in the chamber at an evaporation temperature lower than the boiling temperature of said water.
- the plant is designed to evaporate a volume of liquid water at an evaporation temperature of less than 100 ° C, preferably less than 60 ° C, and more preferably still less than 25 ° C.
- the gas supply means allow to introduce air into the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber by taking all or part of this air in the ambient air outside the chamber. 'pregnant.
- the subject of the invention is also a method for treating water in liquid form, by evaporation / condensation, in which only part of the water is evaporated in an evaporation chamber of an evaporation device.
- liquid form contained in this evaporation chamber, and the water vapor from the evaporation chamber is condensed by means of a heat exchanger, into which a gas is introduced into the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber, so as to form gas bubbles in this water, in which water is pumped in liquid form in a natural environment, and in particular sea water, water from a lake or the water of a watercourse, or groundwater, is passed through said cooling means or put in contact with said means cooling said water in liquid form pumped in the natural environment, so as to allow cooling of the water vapor from the evaporation chamber, and the evaporation chamber is supplied with said water in liquid form, after that this water in liquid form has been heated by having passed through or having been put in contact with said cooling means, in which part of the water in liquid
- process of the invention may comprise the following additional and optional features, taken alone, or in combination with each other:
- the water contained in the evaporation chamber is not heated by means of additional heating means.
- the water is not heated before its introduction into the evaporation chamber by means of additional heating means positioned between the cooling means and the evaporation chamber.
- Said cooling means of the heat exchanger are positioned outside the evaporation chamber, this water is circulated in liquid form pumped in the natural medium through the cooling means of said heat exchanger, and this water in the evaporation chamber, after it has been heated during its passage through the cooling means of the heat exchanger.
- At least part of the cooling means of the heat exchanger is positioned inside the evaporation chamber, and the water in liquid form, pumped in the natural environment, is introduced into the evaporation chamber; such that said part of the cooling means of the heat exchanger positioned inside the evaporation chamber is immersed in the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber.
- the cooling means of said heat exchanger comprises a closed circuit, which contains a working fluid, and which comprises an evaporator of said working fluid and a condenser of said working fluid; condensing water vapor from the evaporation chamber by bringing it into contact with the evaporator; circulating said working fluid in said closed circuit so as to evaporate the working fluid as it passes through the evaporator and to condense said working fluid as it passes through the condenser; said working fluid is cooled in said condenser with water in liquid form pumped in a natural medium.
- the evaporation chamber is supplied with said water in liquid form pumped in a natural environment, after its heating by the working fluid.
- the working fluid Before the passage of the working fluid in the condenser, the working fluid is used to rotate at least one electric turbine.
- the water vapor from the evaporation chamber is condensed by putting it in contact with the cooling circuit of the cooling means of the heat exchanger; circulating in said cooling circuit, said water in liquid form which is pumped in a natural medium, and which acts as heat transfer fluid of said cooling circuit, and the evaporation chamber is supplied with said water in liquid form from the cooling circuit after heating with water vapor from the evaporation chamber.
- the evaporation chamber is at a pressure greater than or equal to atmospheric pressure.
- the evaporation chamber is depressed.
- the pressure in the evaporation chamber above the liquid is automatically regulated.
- the flow of gas entering the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber is automatically regulated.
- a part of the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber is continuously replaced with water at a temperature higher than the temperature of the water which is evacuated outside the evaporation chamber.
- the flow of liquid entering the evaporation chamber is automatically regulated.
- the gas introduced into the liquid is air or a gaseous mixture based on air.
- the gas introduced into the water in liquid form comprises an inert gas and in particular helium.
- Part of the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber is evaporated at a temperature of evaporation lower than the boiling temperature of said water.
- Part of the water is evaporated in the evaporation chamber at an evaporation temperature of less than 100 ° C., and preferably less than 60 ° C., and more preferably less than 25 ° C.
- the water resulting from the condensation of the water vapor is recovered.
- At least part of the gas injected into the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber is air taken from the ambient air.
- At least part of the gas injected into the water in liquid form contained in the evaporation chamber is recycled by being reinjected into the liquid contained in the evaporation chamber.
- the subject of the invention is also a use of the abovementioned installation or the aforementioned method:
- FIG. 1 shows schematically an alternative embodiment of an evaporation device of the invention.
- FIG. 2 represents examples of operating curves of the device of FIG. 1, showing the evolution over time of the temperature of the water in the evaporation chamber for different initial volumes of water (21, 11). , 21) and with different air flows (41 / s, 61 / s, 61 / s).
- FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of an installation of the invention for the production of electricity by evaporation / condensation of water pumped in a natural environment, for example seawater.
- - Figure 4 schematically shows a second embodiment of an installation of the invention for the production of electricity by evaporation / condensation of water pumped in a natural environment, and for example seawater.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a third embodiment of an installation of the invention for the production of electricity by evaporation / condensation of water pumped in a natural environment, and for example seawater.
- FIGS. 6 to 8 respectively show diagrammatically installations for the evaporation / condensation treatment of water pumped in a natural environment, and for example for the desalination of sea water, in which the said water pumped in a natural environment serves of coolant in a cooling circuit used for the condensation of water vapor from the evaporation chamber of the installation.
- FIG. 9 schematically shows a third embodiment of an installation of the invention for the production of electricity by evaporation / condensation of water pumped in a natural environment, and for example seawater.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically an example of experimental evaporation device 1.
- This device 1 comprises:
- an evaporation chamber containing an initial volume of liquid 1 1 to be evaporated, and for example a volume of water.
- Feeding means 12 for introducing a gas, and for example air into the liquid 1 1, so as to form gas bubbles 13 in the liquid.
- the supply means 12 more particularly comprise a compressor 121, an intake duct 120 making it possible to feed the compressor 121 with ambient air, and an outlet pipe 122, connected at one end to the outlet of the compressor 121, and having its other end immersed in the liquid 1 1, so that the air produced by the compressor 121 is introduced into the liquid 1 1, near the bottom of the enclosure 10.
- the gas may be simply air or any other gas, and for example and without limitation and not exhaustive, an air-based gas mixture, or an inert gas, and in particular helium.
- the device of FIG. 1 has been tested under the following conditions:
- FIG. 2 shows the evolution over time of the temperature of the water in the enclosure 10 for different initial water volumes (21; 11; 21) and with different air flows (41 / s; s 61 / s).
- the curves of FIG. 2 show that the higher the flow rate of the gas, the higher the temperature of the liquid in the enclosure 10 drops rapidly. This temperature drop corresponds to the evaporation of a certain amount of liquid.
- the introduction of a gas, and in particular air, into the liquid 1 1 contained in the evaporation chamber 10 advantageously makes it possible to create gas bubbles 13, and more particularly air bubbles, which allow the acceleration of evaporation.
- FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of an installation which is in accordance with the invention, and which makes it possible to produce electricity from the conversion of the thermal energy of water, pumped in the form of liquid in a natural environment, for example, sea water, lake water, or water from a watercourse, or water from an underground natural source
- This plant comprises an evaporation device 1 'by forced boiling, connected to a heat exchanger 3 which, in this variant, allows more particularly the production of electrical energy, from the condensation of the water vapor from the device Evaporation 1 '.
- the evaporation device 1 comprises an evaporation chamber 10 intended to contain water 1 1, which has been pumped in liquid form in a natural medium.
- This evaporation chamber 10 comprises:
- an air intake opening 10b which communicates with the free air outside the enclosure,
- an opening 10a which allows the evacuation of air and water vapor.
- This evaporation chamber 10 comprises a bottom 100 in which is formed an opening 100a for its supply with water pumped in liquid form in a natural environment.
- the evaporation chamber 10 also has an opening 10c for discharging the liquid water 1 1 contained in the enclosure.
- the heat exchanger 3 for the production of electricity allows the implementation of a closed thermodynamic cycle, Rankine cycle type.
- a condensation unit 30 comprising a condensation chamber 300, which communicates with the evacuation opening 10a of the evaporation chamber 10, and which allows the condensation of the water vapor coming from the enclosure Evaporation 10.
- a Rankine-type energy conversion system which comprises a closed circuit 31, in which circulates in a closed loop a coolant working fluid.
- This closed circuit 31 comprises an evaporator 310 of said working fluid (cold source of the Rankine cycle), which is in the form of a coil, and which is positioned in said condensing chamber 300, and a condenser 31 1 of said working fluid (hot source of the Rankine cycle), which is in the form of a coil, and which is positioned outside the condensing chamber 300.
- a compressor 312 between the outlet of the condenser 31 1 and the inlet of the evaporator 310.
- the heat exchanger 3 also comprises a turbine 32, which allows the production of electricity by means of the working fluid F, and which is mounted on the path of the working fluid, between the evaporator 310 of the working fluid and the condenser 31 1 working fluid
- the working fluid F is for example a mixture of water and ammonia.
- the installation also comprises feed means 12 for forcing air into the water 1 1 contained in the enclosure 10 in a forced manner.
- These supply means 12 comprise a compressor 121 whose inlet is connected to the evacuation opening 10a of the evaporation chamber 10 via a pipe 120, and the outlet of which is connected to an inlet of the enclosure 300 by a pipe 122, and a valve air flow control device 123 which is mounted on the intake opening 10b of the evaporation chamber 10.
- a filter (not shown) can be mounted at the outlet of the evaporation chamber 10, and upstream of the compressor 121, in order to prevent fouling of the installation downstream of the evaporation device 1 '. .
- the installation also comprises water supply means 14, comprising a hydraulic pump 140, which makes it possible to pump water L in liquid form in a natural medium, such as, for example, seawater, water or water. water from a lake, water from a watercourse, or groundwater.
- a natural medium such as, for example, seawater, water or water. water from a lake, water from a watercourse, or groundwater.
- This hydraulic pump 140 is connected at the outlet to one end of a water supply pipe 141.
- the other end of the water supply line 141 is connected to the inlet opening 144a of a cooling circuit 144, which is in contact with the condenser 31 1, and which makes it possible to cool the working fluid.
- the exhaust opening 144b of this cooling circuit 144 is connected to one end of a pipe 142, which is connected at its other end to the opening 100a in the bottom 100 of the evaporation chamber 10.
- the installation also comprises a vertical evacuation line 143 which is connected to the opening 10c of the evaporation chamber, and which makes it possible to discharge by gravity a portion of the water 1 1 contained in the pregnant 10.
- the outlet 143a of this exhaust pipe 143 which is located below the evaporation chamber 10, is for example, but not necessarily, immersed in the same natural water source (sea, ocean, lake, course of water ...) than that in which the hydraulic pump 140 pumps water.
- cold water L is injected in liquid form at a temperature Tf in a natural environment, and in particular sea water, lake water or water a watercourse, or groundwater; this pumped water is circulated in a natural environment in the cooling circuit 144, which makes it possible to cool the condenser 31 1, and to condense the heat transfer fluid F during its passage in the condenser 31 1.
- This water L is thus heated during its passage through the cooling circuit 144.
- this water L is introduced in liquid form and heated to a temperature Tf + ⁇ 1 in the evaporation chamber 10, through the admission opening 100a in the bottom 100 of the chamber 10, which allows to renew and heat the liquid water contained in this chamber 10.
- the temperature (Tf + ⁇ 1) water in liquid form entering the evaporation chamber 10 is greater than the temperature (Tf - ⁇ 2) of the water in liquid form leaving the evaporation chamber 10 through the opening 10c.
- “Additional heating means” means a heating means using a source of energy external to the system, that is to say a source of energy other than the energy coming from the water pumped in a natural environment. , and for example a source of solar or electric energy.
- the flow rate of the pump 140 is regulated or is regulated automatically, so as to continuously provide sufficient thermal energy to maintain the volume of water 1 1 in the chamber 10 at a sufficiently high temperature for the phenomenon of evaporation does not stop.
- This flow rate of the pump 140 may be fixed or may advantageously be regulated automatically, for example from a liquid level detection in the chamber 10, in order to maintain in time a minimum level of liquid in the chamber, and / or for example from a detection of the liquid temperature 1 1 in the chamber 10, so as to maintain in time the temperature of the liquid above a minimum temperature threshold conditioning the evaporation of the liquid.
- the compressor 121 operates and draws gas (in this case air) and water vapor at the top of the evaporation chamber 10, and creates a vacuum in the evaporation chamber 10 above the water level.
- This depression allows a suction of the air outside the evaporation chamber through the valve 123 and the inlet opening 10b of the chamber 10, and thus makes it possible to forcefully introduce the air coming from outside the chamber 10 in the volume of liquid water 1 1 contained in the chamber 10.
- this air forms air bubbles 13 (forced boiling) in the liquid water 1 1 which rise to the surface of the water and which promote the evaporation of water .
- the quantity of vapor produced over time is advantageously controlled.
- the depression inside the enclosure created by the compressor 121 and this forced boiling of the liquid water in the chamber 10 advantageously allows the production of water vapor with water at low temperature, and for example with water at room temperature (Tf + ⁇ 1 for example between 15 ° C and 60 ° C).
- the air and the water vapor produced at the top of the evaporation chamber 10 are sucked by the compressor 121, and are discharged by the compressor 121 into the condensation chamber 300, having been heated by several degrees. Celsius in the compressor 121.
- the water vapor is condensed in the enclosure 300 in contact with the evaporator 310 and gives a portion of the calories to the working fluid F, which heats and evaporates the working fluid F in the evaporator 310.
- This working fluid F in the form of steam makes it possible to turn the turbine 32 which produces the electricity.
- the working fluid F in the form of steam is cooled in the condenser 31 1 and is then circulated to the evaporator 310 by the compressor 312 interposed between the outlet of the condenser 31 1 and the inlet of the evaporator 310.
- Water from the condensation of water vapor in the chamber 300 is collected in the lower part of the enclosure 300 and is discharged through the outlet 300a.
- the dry air after condensation is removed from the air outlet condensing chamber 300b 300b.
- the hydraulic pump 140 takes salt water (water taken from the sea or in an ocean)
- the water from the condensation of the water vapor in the chamber 300 and collected in the lower part of the enclosure 300 is fresh water, the installation thus allowing, in addition to the production of electricity, to produce fresh water by desalting seawater.
- This fresh water can advantageously be recovered by being evacuated from the condensation chamber 300 in a freshwater recovery circuit.
- the forced introduction of air into the evaporation chamber 10 advantageously makes it possible to generate steam at a low temperature (for example at a temperature below 20 ° C.), without it being necessary to create the Vacuum in the evaporation chamber 10.
- the depression created by the compressor 121 inside the evaporation chamber above the water level can for example be between 0.1 bar and 0.5bars.
- This low temperature steam advantageously allows a condensation heat transfer more efficient, and therefore allows the implementation of a source (working fluid in the evaporator 310) which is less cold, to recover by condensation the energy stored in the steam to transform it in electrical energy. It is therefore no longer necessary, unlike traditional OTEC systems, to pump very cold water, especially seawater at very great depth to cool the condenser 31 1, but this less cold water (Tf per example between 15 ° C and 30 ° C) can advantageously be pumped close to the surface, and the energy conversion efficiencies are improved.
- forced boiling water vapor also reduces the need for structure and number of pumps (currently 100MW OTEC systems require pumps with a cumulative flow of 1 1 1 m 3 / s to pump hot sea water).
- the water pump 140 may in comparison have a relatively low flow rate.
- the invention thus makes it possible to extract thermal energy from water in a natural environment, and in particular from seawater with a lower energy consumption than traditional OTEC systems.
- the performance of the installation of the invention depends on the temperature of the water which is pumped in the natural medium by the water pump 140.
- the performance of the installation of the invention can be improved by increasing the temperature of the water. air introduced into the liquid 1 1, because this hot air will yield its excess energy to water vapor.
- the walls of the evaporation chamber 10 may also be heated with an additional heating system.
- the air introduced into the chamber 10 may be replaced by another gas, and for example an air-based gas mixture, or an inert gas, and more particularly helium.
- FIG. 3 can also be modified so as to implement a closed thermodynamic cycle, of the Kalina cycle type, Uehara cycle, or a derivative of one and / or the other of these cycles, the water pumped in a natural environment being also used for the cooling of a working fluid used in this closed thermodynamic cycle.
- the gas in this case air taken from the ambient environment
- the gas is introduced into the chamber 10 in the same manner as for FIG. ie by using a compressor 121 which makes it possible to blow (and no longer to suck) this gas into the volume of liquid 1 1 contained in the enclosure 10.
- the discharge opening 10a of the enclosure The evaporation device 10 can also be connected directly to the inlet of the condensation chamber 300 via a pipe, or any other equivalent means, for communicating the upper part of the evaporation chamber 10 with the enclosure of
- the evaporation chamber 10, above the level of the water 1 1 is at atmospheric pressure.
- the installation can operate in a closed circuit as illustrated in FIG. 5, by recycling, via the compressor 121, the dry air coming from the condensation system 30.
- a solenoid valve EV is mounted on the tubing d 120 admission.
- This modification makes it possible to reduce the power consumption of the compressor (s) 121. Indeed, the use of closed circuit compressor requires less energy, because the same air is used permanently for the operation of the system.
- One or more temperature sensors ST can be positioned within the air circulation circuit, in order to control the operating air temperature and to automatically control the air intake solenoid valve EV, if it is It is necessary to bring ambient air into the circuit to increase the temperature or to completely change the operating air.
- FIG. 6 shows an installation for the evaporation / condensation treatment of water taken from the natural environment, which is similar to the installation of FIG. 3 previously described, in that it comprises the following elements: evaporation 1 '; supply means 12 comprising a compressor 121 and an air flow control valve 123; means 14 for supplying water for pumping water in liquid form in a natural environment.
- This installation of FIG. 6 comprises a heat exchanger 3 ', which also allows the condensation of the water vapor coming from the evaporation device Y, but which is different from the heat exchanger 3 of the installation of FIG.
- This heat exchanger 3 comprises a condensation unit 30, which comprises a condensation chamber 300 communicating with the evaporation chamber 10 of the evaporation device Y, and a cooling circuit 301 in the form of a coil, which is positioned in the evaporation chamber 300, and in which circulates a coolant
- the output of the hydraulic pump 140 is connected to the inlet 301a of the cooling circuit 301 via a pipe 141, and the outlet 301b of the cooling circuit 301 is connected to the opening 100a of the chamber 10 by a pipe 142.
- the hydraulic pump 140 allows natural water to be pumped at a temperature Tf, to circulate in the cooling circuit 301 the water pumped in the natural environment and acting as coolant of the cooling circuit 301.
- Tf temperature
- the water which has been heated temperature Tf + ⁇ 1
- the heat exchanges resulting from the condensation in the enclosure 300 of the water vapor coming from the evaporation device Y is introduced in the evaporation chamber 10 through the inlet opening 100a.
- this gas is a hot gas and / or a gas containing pollutants
- the evaporation device 1 'allows in this case the cooling of this gas and / or the dissolution in the liquid 1 1 pollutants contained in the gas. After passing through the liquid 1 1, the gas is cooled and / or depolluted.
- FIG. 7 shows an embodiment variant implementing a compressor 121 which makes it possible to blow (and no longer suck) a gas into the volume of liquid 11 contained in the enclosure 10, in a manner comparable to the variant of Figure 4.
- FIG. 8 shows an alternative embodiment operating in a closed circuit in a manner similar to the variant of FIG. 5, that is to say by recycling, via the compressor 121, the dry air coming from the unit condensation 30.
- FIG. 9 shows another alternative embodiment, in which the evaporator 310 of the heat exchanger 3 "is positioned outside the evaporation chamber 10, and the condenser 31 1 is positioned in the evaporation chamber 10, so as to be immersed in the water in liquid form 1 1 contained in the evaporation chamber 10.
- the pump 142 can pump liquid water L in liquid form at a temperature Tf, and introduce this water directly into the evaporation chamber 10, so that the condenser 31 1 of the heat exchanger 3 "is immersed in the water in liquid form 1 1 contained in the evaporation chamber 10.
- the working fluid F is thus cooled by the water 1 1 contained in the evaporation chamber 10, then is returned in liquid form by the compressor 312 in the evaporator 310 to allow the condensation of water vapor from the evaporation chamber 10.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016548287A JP2017503996A (ja) | 2014-01-24 | 2015-01-22 | 蒸発/凝縮によって自然環境においてポンプ輸送される水を処理するための設備及び方法 |
| CN201580009764.XA CN106029194A (zh) | 2014-01-24 | 2015-01-22 | 通过蒸发/冷凝处理自然环境泵唧的水的设备和方法 |
| US15/113,401 US20170008776A1 (en) | 2014-01-24 | 2015-01-22 | Facility and method for treating water pumped in a natural environment by evaporation/condensation |
| EP15704354.8A EP3096851A1 (fr) | 2014-01-24 | 2015-01-22 | Installation et procede de traitement par evaporation/condensation d'eau pompee en milieu naturel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1450612 | 2014-01-24 | ||
| FR1450612A FR3016876B1 (fr) | 2014-01-24 | 2014-01-24 | Installation et procede de traitement par evaporation/condensation d'eau pompee en milieu naturel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2015110760A1 true WO2015110760A1 (fr) | 2015-07-30 |
Family
ID=50639721
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2015/050155 Ceased WO2015110760A1 (fr) | 2014-01-24 | 2015-01-22 | Installation et procede de traitement par evaporation/condensation d'eau pompee en milieu naturel |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20170008776A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3096851A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2017503996A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN106029194A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3016876B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015110760A1 (fr) |
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| CN106362424A (zh) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-02-01 | 南京德磊环保设备有限公司 | 低温蒸发装置 |
| CN110550682A (zh) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-10 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种小型废水浓缩系统 |
| CN112125323A (zh) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-25 | 山西复晟铝业有限公司 | 一种拜耳法氧化铝生产中蒸发原液提温系统 |
| EP3694620A4 (fr) * | 2017-10-11 | 2021-06-30 | Winter Hill Technologies, LLC | Unité de distillation d'eau améliorée à haut rendement et procédés de fonctionnement |
| CN113908576A (zh) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-01-11 | 武汉天浪环保技术有限公司 | 精馏塔塔顶余热自驱增压节电装置 |
| IT202100013592A1 (it) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-11-25 | 77 Vision Way Ltd | Dispositivo di distillazione di acqua |
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| US10532935B2 (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2020-01-14 | John R. Ackerman | Water harvester and purification system and method of making and using same |
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| US20180093418A1 (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | Velo3D, Inc. | Three-dimensional objects and their formation |
| US20180126460A1 (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-05-10 | Velo3D, Inc. | Gas flow in three-dimensional printing |
| CN106669205A (zh) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-05-17 | 常州欧芙农业科技发展有限公司 | 正压浓缩装置 |
| RU2737376C1 (ru) * | 2017-12-29 | 2020-11-27 | Акционерное Общество "Научно-Исследовательский И Проектно-Конструкторский Институт Энергетических Технологий "Атомпроект" | Конденсатная система рекуперации энергосброса атомной электростанции |
| JP7115680B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-30 | 2022-08-09 | 国立大学法人佐賀大学 | 淡水化及び温度差発電システム |
| EP3670853A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-24 | CTB Clean Tech Brokers IVS | Appareil de pompe à chaleur et réseau de chauffage urbain comprenant un appareil de pompe à chaleur |
| KR20230047214A (ko) | 2019-07-26 | 2023-04-06 | 벨로3디, 인크. | 3차원 물체 형상화에 대한 품질 보증 |
| CN110559674A (zh) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-12-13 | 佛山市欧若拉生物科技有限公司 | 一种植物提取液的蒸发浓缩设备 |
| CN111252835A (zh) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-06-09 | 深圳瑞赛环保科技有限公司 | 废液的蒸发处理方法及废液蒸发过程中的制热制冷方法 |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106362424A (zh) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-02-01 | 南京德磊环保设备有限公司 | 低温蒸发装置 |
| CN106362424B (zh) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-09-18 | 南京德磊环保设备有限公司 | 低温蒸发装置 |
| EP3694620A4 (fr) * | 2017-10-11 | 2021-06-30 | Winter Hill Technologies, LLC | Unité de distillation d'eau améliorée à haut rendement et procédés de fonctionnement |
| CN110550682A (zh) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-10 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种小型废水浓缩系统 |
| CN110550682B (zh) * | 2018-05-30 | 2022-04-12 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种小型废水浓缩系统 |
| CN112125323A (zh) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-25 | 山西复晟铝业有限公司 | 一种拜耳法氧化铝生产中蒸发原液提温系统 |
| IT202100013592A1 (it) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-11-25 | 77 Vision Way Ltd | Dispositivo di distillazione di acqua |
| WO2022249016A1 (fr) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-12-01 | 77 Vision Way Ltd | Dispositif de distillation d'eau |
| CN113908576A (zh) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-01-11 | 武汉天浪环保技术有限公司 | 精馏塔塔顶余热自驱增压节电装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3096851A1 (fr) | 2016-11-30 |
| JP2017503996A (ja) | 2017-02-02 |
| FR3016876B1 (fr) | 2021-01-01 |
| CN106029194A (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
| FR3016876A1 (fr) | 2015-07-31 |
| US20170008776A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
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