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WO2015105485A1 - Systèmes à changement de phase et leurs procédés de préparation et d'utilisation - Google Patents

Systèmes à changement de phase et leurs procédés de préparation et d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015105485A1
WO2015105485A1 PCT/US2014/010685 US2014010685W WO2015105485A1 WO 2015105485 A1 WO2015105485 A1 WO 2015105485A1 US 2014010685 W US2014010685 W US 2014010685W WO 2015105485 A1 WO2015105485 A1 WO 2015105485A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase change
change material
chemical reactant
phase
chemical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2014/010685
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English (en)
Inventor
Christopher J. ROTHFUSS
Bradley Kirk ROBERTS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Empire Technology Development LLC
Original Assignee
Empire Technology Development LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Empire Technology Development LLC filed Critical Empire Technology Development LLC
Priority to US15/110,699 priority Critical patent/US10226055B2/en
Priority to PCT/US2014/010685 priority patent/WO2015105485A1/fr
Publication of WO2015105485A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015105485A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
    • A23B2/70—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals
    • A23B2/704—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • A23B2/7045—Details of apparatus for generating or regenerating gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/11—Encapsulated compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/60—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/92—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof
    • A61K8/922—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof of vegetable origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • Phase change materials have the ability to store and release heat energy by changing from one physical state to another. Phase change materials can be used for thermal energy storage technologies as the transition from one physical state to another requires a large quantity of heat transfer within a specific temperature range. Technologies such as improved building insulation panels, thermostatic food packaging, and thermoregulating clothing may use phase change materials.
  • phase change materials beyond thermoregulation technologies could extend the application of phase change materials.
  • the method may include encapsulating at least one chemical reactant in at least one phase change material.
  • the at least one phase change material may be configured to change from a solid phase to a liquid phase at or above at least one phase transition temperature of the at least one phase change material to release the at least one chemical reactant into the liquid phase of the at least one phase change material.
  • the encapsulating may include adding a first phase change material in a liquid phase, solidifying the first phase change material, and inserting the at least one chemical reactant into the first phase change material after the solidifying step.
  • the at least one chemical reactant may be added before or during solidification.
  • phase change systems may include at least one phase change material in a solid form, and at least one chemical reactant encapsulated within the at least one phase change material.
  • the at least one phase change material may be configured to change from a solid phase to a liquid phase at or above at least one phase transition temperature of the at least one phase change material which may release the at least one chemical reactant into the liquid phase of the at least one phase change material.
  • multiple phase change systems may include two or more phase change systems.
  • Each system may include at least one phase change material in solid form and at least one chemical reactant encapsulated within the at least one phase change material.
  • the at least one phase change material in solid form may be configured to change from a solid phase to a liquid phase at or above at least one phase transition temperature of the at least one phase change material to release the at least one chemical reactant into the liquid phase of the at least one phase change material.
  • methods of using a phase change system to detect a temperature change may include providing a phase change system and determining the temperature change from the system based on an amount of the at least one chemical reactant released into the at least one phase change material.
  • the phase change system may include at least one phase change material in a solid form and at least one chemical reactant encapsulated within the at least one phase change material.
  • methods of using a phase change system to react with at least one target material may include providing a phase change system and detecting a reaction with the at least one target material based on an amount of the at least one chemical reactant reacting with the at least one target material.
  • the phase change system may include at least one phase change material in a solid form and at least one chemical reactant encapsulated within the at least one phase change material.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a flowchart of an illustrative method of making a phase change system according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 depicts an illustration of a phase change system according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 depicts an illustration of a phase change system with multiple chemical reactants according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 depicts an illustration of a phase change system with stacked layers according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 depicts an illustration of a multiple phase change system according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a storage device for chemicals.
  • FIG. 7 depicts a multiple phase change system for produce preservation and preparation.
  • FIG. 8 depicts a cross-section of a bath bead using a phase change system.
  • phase change material refers to any material that changes from one physical state to another and either absorbs or releases heat during the process.
  • Phase change materials can be organic or inorganic, such as paraffins, vegetable oils, inorganic salt mixtures, or other materials as will be described in the disclosed embodiments.
  • a "chemical reactant” refers to any substance that causes a reaction when the substance interacts with another substance.
  • the substances can produce a useful effect or product as a result of the reaction.
  • a "discrete unit” refers to any compartment of a system that is separate from another compartment.
  • a discrete unit in a system would contain a chemical reactant that is separated from another discrete unit with a second chemical reactant.
  • a "getter” material refers to any material that is used to remove impurities. For example, a getter material would absorb traces of gas from a surrounding environment.
  • Figure 1 depicts a flowchart of an illustrative method of making a phase change system according to an embodiment.
  • the method may include encapsulating at least one chemical reactant in at least one phase change material.
  • the at least one phase change material may be configured to change from a solid phase to a liquid phase at or above at least one phase transition temperature of the at least one phase change material to release the at least one chemical reactant into the liquid phase of the at least one phase change material.
  • the at least one chemical reactant may be a liquid, a liquid dispersed in capsules, a gas, a gas dispersed in capsules, a solid, a solid dispersed in capsules, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one chemical reactant may be acetic acid, ammonium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, carbonic acid, fragrant oils, deodorants, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide, insect pheromones, insect pesticides, magnesium, nitric acid, oxygen gas, palladium, perfume chemicals, platinum, potassium hydroxide, a salt, sodium hydroxide, sulphuric acid, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, a bicarbonate, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one chemical reactant may have a fluorescent tag.
  • the at least one chemical reactant may be chemically inert with respect to the at least one phase change material that encapsulates the at least one chemical reactant.
  • the at least one chemical reactant may be bioluminescent, chemiluminescent, phosphorescent, or a combination thereof. In further embodiments, the at least one chemical reactant may be a fire-extinguishing compound. In yet further embodiments, the at least one chemical reactant may be electrically conductive.
  • Examples of fragrant oils may be essential oils or synthetic fragrant oils.
  • Examples of deodorants may be cetyl-trimethylarnmonium bromide, cetyl pyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride, diisobutyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, sodium N-lauryl sarcosme, sodium N-palmethyl sarcosine, lauroyl sarcosine, N-myristoyl glycine, potassium N-lauryl sarcosme, trimethyl ammonium chloride, sodium aluminum chlorohydroxy lactate, triethyl citrate, tricetyimethyl ammonium chloride, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether (triclosan), 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide (triclocarban), diaminoalkyl amides such as L-lysine hexadecy!
  • heavy metal salts of citrate, salicylate, and piroctose especially zinc salts, and acids thereof
  • heavy metal salts of pyrithione especially zinc pyrithione, zinc phenolsulfate, famesoi, phenoxyethanol, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one chemical reactant may include at least two chemical reactants.
  • the at least two chemical reactants may be capable of reacting with each other when contacted.
  • the at least one chemical reactant may be a plurality of chemical reactants.
  • the at least one chemical reactant may be in the form of a plurality of microcapsules.
  • the at least one phase change material may be a salt hydrate, polyethylene glycol, a wax, a fatty acid compound, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one phase change material may be paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, tetrafluoroethylene wax, spermaceti, lanolin, ouricury wax, candelilla wax, epicuticular wax, retamo wax, tallow, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one phase change material may be coconut oil, rice oil, soybean oil, cocoa butter, palm stearin, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one phase change material may be a paraffin wax.
  • the at least one phase change material may have low gas permeability.
  • the at least one phase change material may have a geometric shape.
  • the at least one phase change material may be formed in a solid phase into a geometric shape.
  • the geometric shape may be a film, a sheet, a cube, a cuboid, a square -based pyramid, a triangular-based pyramid, a triangular prism, a hexagonal prism, a cone, a sphere, a cylinder, a tube, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one phase change material may be formed by conventional manufacturing techniques. For example, manufacturing techniques may be extrusion, hot drawing, cold drawing, casting, 3D printing, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one phase change material may be a blend of two or more different phase change materials.
  • the at least one phase change material may be a plurality of phase change materials.
  • the plurality of phase change materials may be arranged in discrete units.
  • the discrete units may be layers, capsules, or other defined spaces.
  • the discrete units may be in adjacent planar layers.
  • the plurality of phase change materials may be in adjacent planar layers by order of increasing phase transition temperature.
  • the arrangement by order of increasing phase transition temperature may be used to produce a gradient response, where each layer increases or decreases the intensity of the reaction.
  • the arrangement by order of increasing phase transition temperature may also produce a stepwise series of distinct chemical reactions.
  • each discrete unit may encapsulate a chemical reactant.
  • the discrete units may encapsulate a plurality of chemical reactants.
  • at least one chemical reactant in one discrete unit may react with at least one chemical reactant in a second adjacent discrete unit.
  • Each of the plurality of chemical reactants may be individually encapsulated within the at least one phase change material.
  • the at least one phase change material may act as a barrier when in a solid phase.
  • the barrier separates one reactant from another to prevent the at least one chemical reactant from producing a chemical reaction with another chemical reactant.
  • the material may provide a diffusion rate-limited medium for combining the at least one chemical reactant with another chemical reactant.
  • the rate at which the at least one phase change material changes from a solid phase to a liquid phase may depend on the phase transition temperature and latent heat of fusion of the phase change material.
  • Convection currents within the at least one phase change material in the liquid phase may bring the reactants closer together to eventually combine the chemical reactants to produce a chemical reaction.
  • the rate at which the chemical reactants release from the at least one phase change materials and combine may be dependent upon the fluid properties of the phase change materials, the strength of the convection currents within the at least one phase change material in the liquid phase, and the solubility of the chemical reactants, among other factors.
  • fluid properties may include density, viscosity, surface tension, specific weight, specific gravity, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one phase transition temperature of the at least one phase change material may be generally any temperature, such as about -5°C to about 200°C. In other embodiments, the phase transition temperature of the at least one phase change material may be about 50°C to about 100°C.
  • the phase transition temperature of the at least one phase change material may be about -5°C, about 0°C, about 10°C, about 20°C, about 30°C, about 40°C, about 50°C, about 60°C, about 70°C, about 80°C, about 90°C, about 100°C, about 110°C, about 120°C, about 130°C, about 140°C, about 150°C, about 160°C, about 170°C, about 180°C, about 190°C, about 200°C, or a range between any of these values (including endpoints).
  • the at least one phase transition temperature may be reached when a temperature of an environment surrounding the system is the at least one phase transition temperature, a presence of at least one target material reacts with the chemical reactant, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one phase change material may have a plurality of phase transition temperatures. Each of the phase transition temperatures may be different such that a chemical reactant in one phase change material completely activates at a first phase transition temperature before another phase change material encapsulating a different chemical reactant begins to change from the solid phase to the liquid phase at a second phase transition temperature.
  • the at least one chemical reactant may trigger at least one event when released into the liquid phase of the at least one phase change material at or above the at least one phase transition temperature of the at least one phase change material.
  • the at least one event may be an endothermic reaction, an exothermic reaction, a color change, an odor release, combustion, adsorption of a compound, or a combination thereof.
  • examples may include an improved portable warmer or an improved thermostatic food packaging.
  • examples may include an improved cold pack or an improved thermostatic food packaging.
  • the release of the at least one chemical reactant into the liquid phase of the at least one phase change material may produce at least one byproduct.
  • the byproduct may be heat, an oxygen scavenger, a sanitization agent, a corrosive compound, an electrically conductive compound, an insulative compound, a chemical dye, a pigment, a ripening agent, a curing agent, a colloidal compound, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one chemical reactant in one discrete unit may react with the at least one byproduct of at least one chemical reactant in a second adjacent discrete unit.
  • the at least one phase change material, the at least one chemical reactant, and the byproduct may be food-grade substances to be used with food products.
  • food products may be vegetables, fruits, dairy products, breads, cereals, meats, fish, poultry, nuts, seeds, or a combination thereof.
  • the sanitization agent may protect consumable resources.
  • the protection of consumable resources may be, for example, the creation or release of encapsulated antibiotic, antimicrobial, or purification agents.
  • the byproduct when the byproduct is a corrosive compound, the corrosive compound may be used to target failure of materials. In other embodiments, the byproduct may be used to target reinforcement of materials.
  • the oxygen scavenger when the byproduct is an oxygen scavenger, the oxygen scavenger may be a getter material or an encapsulated vacuum.
  • the at least one chemical reactant reacts with at least one target material.
  • the target material may be a chemical reactant.
  • the at least one target material may be a plurality of target materials.
  • the target material may be water, a solvent, a pesticide, a hormone, a microorganism, a dye composition, a polymer, hydrogen gas, an acid, a base, a volatile organic compound, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one chemical reactant may produce a byproduct when reacted with at least one target material.
  • a first phase change material may be provided 105.
  • the first phase change material may be in a liquid phase.
  • the first phase change material may be added into a container.
  • the container may be an empty container or any container that has available space to accommodate the phase change material.
  • the container may be of a particular shape or volume, such as a cube, a cuboid, a square -based pyramid, a triangular- based pyramid, a triangular prism, a hexagonal prism, a cone, a sphere, a cylinder, or a combination thereof.
  • the first phase change material may be added 105 to the container by any means known in the art. For example, the material may be added by pouring the material, adding the material dropwise, dispensing the material, or the like.
  • the first phase change material may be solidified 110.
  • the first phase change material may be a solid to a liquid phase change material.
  • the first phase change material may encapsulate the at least one chemical reactant.
  • the solidified first phase change material may prevent the at least one chemical reactant from interacting with any other reactant, material, or target material.
  • the solidified first phase change material may also prevent the at least one chemical reactant from reacting with the ambient atmosphere.
  • At least one chemical reactant may be inserted 115 into the first phase change material. In some embodiments, inserting 115 the at least one chemical reactant into the first phase change material may occur after the solidifying 110 step. In other embodiments, inserting 115 the at least one chemical reactant into the first phase change material may occur before the solidifying step.
  • the at least one chemical reactant may be inserted 115 at any general location inside the first phase change material.
  • the at least one chemical reactant may be inserted 115 into the first phase change material using any generally known method in the art.
  • the at least one chemical reactant may be inserted 115 into the first phase change material by injection of liquid reactants into the first phase change material after it has solidified 110; encapsulating the reactants and dispersing the capsules containing reactants in the liquid form of the first phase change material; encapsulating the reactants, distributing the capsules containing reactants across a layer of the first phase change material, and then layering additional first phase change material on top of the capsules containing reactants; pouring liquid reactants into pre-formed cavities in the solid first phase change material; or bubbling gaseous reactants through the liquid form of the first phase change material and solidifying 110 the first phase change material.
  • At least one second phase change material in a liquid phase may be applied on at least a portion of the first phase change material and the at least one chemical reactant.
  • the at least one second phase change material may be solidified after applying the at least one second phase change material.
  • the at least one second phase change material may be a salt hydrate, polyethylene glycol, a wax, a fatty acid compound, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one second phase change material may be paraffin wax, polyethylene wax, tetrafluoroethylene wax, spermaceti, lanolin, ouricury wax, candelilla wax, epicuticular wax, retamo wax, tallow, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one second phase change material may be coconut oil, rice oil, soybean oil, cocoa butter, palm stearin, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one second phase change material may be a paraffin wax.
  • the at least one second phase change material may be formed in a solid phase into a geometric shape.
  • the geometric shape may generally be any shape, such as a film, a sheet, a cube, a cuboid, a square -based pyramid, a triangular- based pyramid, a triangular prism, a hexagonal prism, a cone, a sphere, a cylinder, a tube, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one second phase change material may be a blend of two or more different phase change materials.
  • the at least one second phase change material may be a plurality of phase change materials.
  • the at least one phase transition temperature of the at least one second phase change material may be generally any temperature, such as about - 5°C to about 200°C. In other embodiments, the phase transition temperature of the at least one second phase change material may be about 50°C to about 100°C.
  • the phase transition temperature of the at least one second phase change material may be about - 5°C, about 0°C, about 10°C, about 20°C, about 30°C, about 40°C, about 50°C, about 60°C, about 70°C, about 80°C, about 90°C, about 100°C, about 110°C, about 120°C, about 130°C, about 140°C, about 150°C, about 160°C, about 170°C, about 180°C, about 190°C, about 200°C, or a range between any of these values (including endpoints).
  • the at least one second phase change material may have a plurality of phase transition temperatures.
  • a coating may be applied over at least a portion of the first phase change material and the at least one chemical reactant. In other embodiments, a coating may be applied over at least a portion of the first phase change material, the at least one chemical reactant, and at least a portion of the second phase change material.
  • the coating may be a semi-permeable membrane.
  • the coating may be a polymer, a sugar, a wax, a paper, a fabric, a foil, a foam, a gel, a membrane, an intercalated system, a fractal surface, or a combination thereof.
  • FIG. 2 depicts an illustration of a phase change system 205 according to an embodiment.
  • the phase change system 205 may include at least one phase change material 210 and at least one chemical reactant 208.
  • the chemical reactant 208 may be encapsulated within the at least one phase change material 210.
  • the phase change system 205 may have a reservoir 215 for the at least one chemical reactant 208.
  • the reservoir 215 may be positioned within the at least one phase change material.
  • the reservoir 215 may be of any generally known regular shape, irregular shape, or geometric shape.
  • the reservoir 215 may be a cube, a cuboid, a square- based pyramid, a triangular-based pyramid, a triangular prism, a hexagonal prism, a cone, a sphere, a cylinder, a tube, or a combination thereof.
  • the reservoir 215 may be of any irregular geometric shape.
  • the at least one phase change material 210 may be configured to change from a solid phase to a liquid phase at or above at least one phase transition temperature of the at least one phase change material 210 to release the at least one chemical reactant 208 into the liquid phase of the at least one phase change material 210.
  • the at least one phase change material 210 may be configured to release the at least one chemical reactant 208 at a set time.
  • the at least one phase change material 210 may have a selected shape and selected composition that at exposure to the phase transition temperature will release the encapsulated at least one chemical reactant 208 after a set time.
  • the phase change system 205 may have a coating over at least a portion of the phase change material 210 and the at least one chemical reactant 208.
  • the coating may be a semi -permeable membrane.
  • the coating may be a polymer, a sugar, a wax, a paper, a fabric, a foil, a foam, a gel, a membrane, an intercalated system, a fractal surface, or a combination thereof.
  • the phase change system 205 may be programmable to trigger at least one event.
  • the phase change system 205 may be programmable to trigger a plurality of events.
  • the phase change system 205 may be used to detect a temperature change by providing a phase change system 205 and determining a temperature change from the system 205 based on an amount of the at least one chemical reactant 208 released into the at least one phase change material 210.
  • the phase change system 205 may have at least one phase change material 210 in a solid form and at least one chemical reactant 208 encapsulated within the at least one phase change material 210.
  • the phase change system 205 may be used to react with at least one target material by providing a phase change system 205 and detecting a reaction with the at least one target material based on an amount of the at least one chemical reactant 208 reacting with the at least one target material.
  • the phase change system 205 may have at least one phase change material 210 in a solid form and at least one chemical reactant 208 encapsulated within the at least one phase change material 210.
  • FIG. 3 depicts an illustration of a phase change system 300 with multiple chemical reactants 208, 308, 408 according to an embodiment.
  • the phase change system 300 may have at least one phase change material 210 in a solid form and may have multiple chemical reactants 208, 308, 408.
  • the multiple chemical reactants 208, 308, 408 may be encapsulated within the at least one phase change material 210.
  • the phase change system 300 may have a separate reservoir 215, 315, 415 for each chemical reactant 208, 308, 408, respectively.
  • the multiple reservoirs 215, 315, 415 may be positioned within the at least one phase change material.
  • the phase change system 300 uses one phase change material 210 and three chemical reactants 208, 308, 408 in three separate reservoirs 215, 315, 415, respectively. These chemical reactants 208, 308, 408 may be the same or complementary to yield a desired reaction.
  • the phase change material 210 transitions to a liquid, freeing the chemical reactants 208, 308, 408 to react with one another.
  • the phase change material 210 transitions to a liquid, freeing the chemical reactants 208, 308, 408 to react with at least one target material.
  • additional phase change materials may be used, including separate distinct units, for example layers or beads, where each distinct unit incorporates one or more chemical reactant.
  • FIG. 4 depicts an illustration of a phase change system 205 where the phase change materials 210, 310, 410 are stacked in layers with multiple encapsulated chemical reactants 208, 308, 408 according to an embodiment.
  • the phase change system 205 uses three phase change materials 210, 310, 410.
  • the first phase change material 210 has a first encapsulated chemical reactant 208.
  • the second phase change material 310 has a first and second encapsulated chemical reactant 208, 308.
  • the third phase change material 410 has a third encapsulated chemical reactant 408.
  • Each phase change material 210, 310, 410 has a different phase transition temperature.
  • the first phase change material 210 has a first phase transition temperature.
  • the second phase change material 310 has a second phase transition temperature.
  • the third phase change material 410 has a third phase transition temperature.
  • the first phase transition temperature is lower than the second phase transition temperature
  • the second phase transition temperature is lower temperature than the third phase transition temperature.
  • the first phase change material 210 melts first after reaching the first phase transition temperature, and releases the first chemical reactant 208.
  • the second phase change material 308 releases the first and second chemical reactants 208, 308.
  • the third phase change material 410 melts and releases the third chemical reactant 408.
  • the chemical reactants 208, 308, 408 may be released and may react with at least one target material.
  • the chemical reactants 208, 308, 408 may be released and interact with one another.
  • each chemical reactant 208, 308, 408 may produce a byproduct.
  • FIG. 5 depicts an illustration of a multiple phase change system 500 according to an embodiment.
  • the multiple phase change system 500 may have two or more phase change systems.
  • the multiple phase change system 500 may include at least one phase change material 410, 510 and at least one chemical reactant 308, 408, 508.
  • the at least one chemical reactant 308, 408, 508 may be encapsulated within the at least one phase change material 410, 510.
  • this type of system is readily adapted to the use of multiple beads of various phase change materials encapsulating one or more desired reactants.
  • the multiple phase change system 300 may have a reservoir for each chemical reactant 308, 408, 508.
  • the reservoir may be positioned within each of the phase change materials 410, 510.
  • the reservoir may be of any generally known geometric shape.
  • the reservoir may be a cube, a cuboid, a square-based pyramid, a triangular-based pyramid, a triangular prism, a hexagonal prism, a cone, a sphere, a cylinder, a tube, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one phase change material 410, 510 may be configured to change from a solid phase to a liquid phase at or above at least one phase transition temperature of the at least one phase change material 410, 510 to release the at least one chemical reactant 308, 408, 508 into the liquid phase of the at least one phase change material 410, 510.
  • the at least one chemical reactant 308, 408, 508 may react with at least one phase change material 410, 510 that is not encapsulating the at least one chemical reactant 308, 408, 508.
  • the at least one chemical reactant 308 may react with the at least one phase change material 510.
  • phase change material 410 encapsulates two chemical reactants 308, 408. These chemical reactants 308, 408 may be the same or complementary to yield a desired reaction.
  • the phase change material 410 transitions to a liquid, freeing the two chemical reactants 308, 408 to react with one another. This reaction may give off heat causing the second phase change material 510 to transition to a liquid.
  • This transition frees a third chemical reactant 508 to react with the first two chemical reactants 308, 408, or the products thereof.
  • the third chemical reactant 508 acts to quench the first reaction.
  • the multiple phase change system 500 may have a coating 505 over at least a portion of the system 500.
  • the coating 505 may be a semi-permeable membrane.
  • the coating 505 may be a polymer, a sugar, a wax, a paper, a fabric, a foil, a foam, a gel, a membrane, an intercalated system, a fractal surface, or a combination thereof.
  • each of the two or more systems in the multiple phase change system 500 may be in the form of a layer.
  • the layers may be arranged by order of increasing phase transition temperatures.
  • each of the two or more systems in the multiple phase change system 500 may be in the form of a capsule.
  • the capsules may be arranged in a three-dimensional configuration by order of increasing phase transition temperatures.
  • the arrangement by order of increasing phase transition temperature may be used to produce a gradient response, where each layer or capsule increases or decreases the intensity of the reaction.
  • the arrangement by order of increasing phase transition temperature may also produce a stepwise series of distinct chemical reactions.
  • Each capsule may contain a separate chemical reactant.
  • the multiple phase change system 500 may be programmable to trigger at least one event. In other embodiments, each system 500 may trigger one event. In some embodiments, each system 500 may trigger a separate event.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A Phase Change System for a Storage Device for Chemicals.
  • a phase change system will be made to contain two chemical reactants, which upon release from a phase change material will cause a chemical reaction.
  • FIG. 6 shows an illustration of such a system 600.
  • a system 600 will have solidified cocoa butter as the phase change material 610, and will have two distinct cylindrical layers. Each cylindrical layer of cocoa butter 610 will be 2 centimeters thick and have a diameter of 10 centimeters. The first layer will encapsulate bicarbonate 608 and the second layer will encapsulate acetic acid 708. The system 600 will be removed from a cool storage location and allowed to melt. As the cocoa butter 610 melts, the acetic acid 708 and bicarbonate 608 will mix and react causing a reaction that produces carbon dioxide and water. Such a reaction could be used to create a protective carbon dioxide blanket within a storage device for chemicals.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A Multiple Phase Change System for Produce Preservation and Preparation.
  • FIG. 7 shows an illustration of the multiple phase change system 700.
  • the system 700 will have five layers of individually functionalized phase change materials 710, 720, 730, 740, 750.
  • the first layer 710 will be a mixture of methyl oleate (70 weight %) and methyl palmitate (30 weight %) with a melting point of 15°C.
  • the second layer 720 will be a mixture of methyl oleate (60 weight %) and methyl palmitate (40 weight %) with a melting point of 19°C.
  • the second layer 720 will have encapsulated antibacterial gas 728.
  • the third layer 730 will be a mixture of ethyl palmitate (80 weight %) and ethyl stearate (20 weight %) with a melting point of 21°C.
  • the third layer 730 will have encapsulated ripening gas 738 to promote the ripening of fruit or vegetables.
  • the fourth layer 740 will be ethyl palmitate with a melting point of 23 °C.
  • the fourth layer 740 will have encapsulated moisture-control compounds 748.
  • the fifth layer 750 will be a mixture of methyl palmitate (80 weight %) and ethyl palmitate (20 weight %) with a melting point of 25 °C.
  • the fifth layer 750 will have two encapsulated chemical reactants 758 which, after being released, will react with each other to cause an endothermic reaction.
  • the encapsulated chemical reactants 758 may be acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate.
  • a semipermeable membrane 704 will cover the top of the first layer 710 and the sides of the system and the bottom of the fifth layer 750 will be encased by a packaging material 706 made of polyethylene.
  • the semipermeable membrane 704 will permit the release of the gaseous chemical reactants 728, 738, 748, 758, but will not permit the release of any of the liquid form of the phase change materials 710, 720, 730, 740, 750.
  • the system 700 will be placed in the bottom of a tray of fruit or vegetables, such as apples 702.
  • the apples 702 will be kept in a refrigerated warehouse storage (temperature of less than or equal to 15 °C) for one week, the refrigeration system in the warehouse will prevent the phase change materials 710, 720, 730, 740, 750 from melting.
  • the tray of apples 702 will be removed from storage and placed at a room temperature of 21°C. As the temperature of the system 700 and the apples 702 gradually rises, the first layer 710 will begin to melt at 15°C, and expose the phase change material of the second layer 720.
  • phase change material of the second layer 720 will melt, causing the release of the encapsulated anti-bacterial gas 728.
  • the third phase change material 730 will melt and release the encapsulated ripening gas 738.
  • the ripening gas 738 will permeate upwards to bathe the apples 702 in an atmosphere of ripening gas 738.
  • the fourth phase change material 740 will melt and release the encapsulated moisture-control compounds 748.
  • the moisture-control compounds 748 will absorb moisture within the packaging.
  • the fifth phase change material 750 will melt and release the encapsulated chemical reactants 758.
  • the chemical reactants 758 will react with each other to cause an endothermic reaction to absorb heat and quell any prior reactions, while maintaining a safe temperature for the apples 702.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A Bath Bead Composition.
  • a bath bead will be made with two phase change materials encapsulating two different chemical reactants.
  • Fig. 8 depicts a cross-section of such a bath bead 800.
  • a sugar coating 802 will be provided to encase the bead 800.
  • the coating 802 will be a thin, impermeable coating 802 covering the system.
  • the first phase change material 810 will be separate from, but adjacent to a second phase change material 910 in a separate adjacent compartment.
  • the first phase change material 810 will be a mixture of methyl stearate (20 weight %) and ethyl stearate (80 weight %) with a melting point of 34°C.
  • the second phase change material 910 will be ethyl stearate with a melting point of 33°C. Both phase change materials 810, 910 will be blended with rose oil.
  • the first phase change material 810 will have an encapsulated chemical reactant 808 which produces carbon dioxide after it is released and mixed with the water from the bath.
  • the second phase change material 910 will have an encapsulated soap 908 and the soap 908 will release into the water after the second phase change material 910 is melted.
  • the release of the encapsulated soap 908 places soap 908 and fragrant rose oil into the bath water, while the release of the carbon dioxide producing reactant 808 will facilitate mixing and the formation of soap bubbles in the bath water.
  • the bead containing the soap may be separate from or, as shown in Fig. 8, connected to the bead containing the carbon dioxide producing reactant.
  • compositions, methods, and devices are described in terms of “comprising” various components or steps (interpreted as meaning “including, but not limited to”), the compositions, methods, and devices can also “consist essentially of or “consist of the various components and steps, and such terminology should be interpreted as defining essentially closed-member groups.
  • a range includes each individual member.
  • a group having 1-3 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 cells.
  • a group having 1-5 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so forth.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système à changement de phase et ses procédés de conception. L'invention concerne également un système à changement de phase multiple. Le système peut comprendre au moins une matière à changement de phase et au moins un réactif chimique encapsulé dans la matière à changement de phase. Le réactif chimique peut réagir avec un autre réactif chimique ou le milieu ambiant.
PCT/US2014/010685 2014-01-08 2014-01-08 Systèmes à changement de phase et leurs procédés de préparation et d'utilisation Ceased WO2015105485A1 (fr)

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US15/110,699 US10226055B2 (en) 2014-01-08 2014-01-08 Phase change systems and methods for their preparation and use
PCT/US2014/010685 WO2015105485A1 (fr) 2014-01-08 2014-01-08 Systèmes à changement de phase et leurs procédés de préparation et d'utilisation

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US10041745B2 (en) 2010-05-04 2018-08-07 Fractal Heatsink Technologies LLC Fractal heat transfer device
WO2018226315A1 (fr) * 2017-06-06 2018-12-13 Xinova, LLC Appareil et procédés pour agents pouvant être libérés, procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation associés
US11162744B2 (en) 2018-01-08 2021-11-02 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat sink phase change material

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US20110195875A1 (en) * 2004-03-05 2011-08-11 Jason Swearingen Encapsulated reactant and process
US20080272332A1 (en) * 2005-12-28 2008-11-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Microencapsulated heat delivery vehicles
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