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WO2015198879A1 - Appareil de capture d'image, procédé de commande de mise au point, et programme - Google Patents

Appareil de capture d'image, procédé de commande de mise au point, et programme Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015198879A1
WO2015198879A1 PCT/JP2015/066833 JP2015066833W WO2015198879A1 WO 2015198879 A1 WO2015198879 A1 WO 2015198879A1 JP 2015066833 W JP2015066833 W JP 2015066833W WO 2015198879 A1 WO2015198879 A1 WO 2015198879A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase difference
difference detection
value
aperture
detection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/JP2015/066833
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
祐基 明壁
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Sony Corp
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Sony Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/28—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
    • H04N23/67—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals
    • H04N23/672—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals based on the phase difference signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/28—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals
    • G02B7/34—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals using different areas in a pupil plane
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B13/00—Viewfinders; Focusing aids for cameras; Means for focusing for cameras; Autofocus systems for cameras
    • G03B13/32—Means for focusing
    • G03B13/34—Power focusing
    • G03B13/36—Autofocus systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
    • H04N25/703—SSIS architectures incorporating pixels for producing signals other than image signals
    • H04N25/704—Pixels specially adapted for focusing, e.g. phase difference pixel sets

Definitions

  • the present technology relates to an imaging apparatus, a focusing control method, and a program, and more particularly, to an imaging apparatus, a focusing control method, and a program that are capable of focusing with higher accuracy at a faster focusing speed.
  • phase difference method for example, a method using a sensor dedicated to phase difference AF (Autofocus), and a method using an image sensor provided with a pixel for capturing a captured image and a phase difference detection pixel ( Hereinafter, it is referred to as an imaging surface phase difference method in particular.
  • the aperture of the imaging lens during focusing control is opened and only for phase difference AF
  • the light beam incident on the sensor is limited to have a constant light beam thickness between the mirror mechanism and the phase difference AF dedicated sensor. For this reason, when focus control is performed using a phase difference AF dedicated sensor, the phase difference detection accuracy hardly changes depending on the F value (aperture value) of the imaging lens.
  • the F value aperture value
  • the phase difference detection accuracy varies greatly depending on the aperture state of the imaging lens.
  • focusing accuracy is higher when phase difference detection is performed with a bright (small) F value.
  • the thickness of the light beam is limited so that the light beam is thinned to some extent on the optical path in order to prevent such a large blurred state.
  • phase difference detection may be disabled when the subject image is greatly blurred, such as when the F value of the imaging lens is small.
  • focus control is performed by switching to another method different from the imaging surface phase difference method, but it takes time to focus.
  • the present technology has been made in view of such a situation, and makes it possible to focus with high accuracy at a faster focusing speed.
  • An imaging apparatus includes a phase difference detection processing unit that performs phase difference detection based on an output from a phase difference detection pixel provided in the imaging unit, and the phase difference detection by the phase difference detection processing unit.
  • a phase difference detection processing unit that performs phase difference detection based on an output from a phase difference detection pixel provided in the imaging unit, and the phase difference detection by the phase difference detection processing unit.
  • an aperture control unit that changes the aperture value to a larger value is provided.
  • the aperture control unit can change the aperture value to a predetermined value when the phase difference detection is difficult.
  • the aperture control unit can change the aperture value step by step whenever it is determined that the phase difference detection is difficult.
  • the phase difference detection processing unit can change the detection characteristics in the phase difference detection.
  • the aperture control unit can change the aperture value, and the phase difference detection processing unit can change the detection characteristics.
  • the phase difference detection processing unit can change the detection characteristics when it is determined that the phase difference detection is difficult in the phase difference detection performed by changing the aperture value.
  • the phase difference detection processing unit can change the filter processing applied to the output from the phase difference detection pixel as the detection characteristic.
  • the imaging apparatus may further include a focusing control unit that drives the imaging lens based on the result of the phase difference detection and performs focusing control.
  • the aperture control unit When the aperture value is changed and the phase difference detection is performed again, the aperture control unit returns the aperture value to the value before the change after the focus control by the focus control unit. be able to.
  • the focus control unit When it is determined that the phase difference detection is difficult in the phase difference detection performed by changing the aperture value, the focus control unit performs the phase difference detection by the phase difference detection processing unit. Focus control can be performed by a method different from the method using the result.
  • a focus control method or program performs phase difference detection based on an output from a phase difference detection pixel provided in an imaging unit, and if the phase difference detection is difficult, an aperture value is set. Including changing to a larger value.
  • the aperture value can be changed to a predetermined value.
  • the aperture value can be changed step by step.
  • the detection characteristic in the phase difference detection can be changed.
  • the aperture value can be changed and the detection characteristics can be changed.
  • the phase difference detection is performed based on the output from the phase difference detection pixel provided in the imaging unit, and when the phase difference detection is difficult, the aperture value is changed to a larger value. Is done.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an embodiment of an imaging apparatus to which the present technology is applied.
  • the imaging device 11 is composed of an electronic device having a photographing function such as a digital still camera or a digital video camera.
  • the imaging device 11 includes an imaging lens 21, an imaging unit 22, a signal processing unit 23, a control unit 24, an input unit 25, a display unit 26, a recording unit 27, an aperture driving unit 28, and a lens driving unit 29.
  • the imaging lens 21 is composed of one or a plurality of lenses and the like, and collects the light incident from the subject and forms an image on the imaging surface of the imaging unit 22.
  • the imaging lens 21 is provided with at least a focus lens 41 for focus control and a diaphragm 42 for adjusting the amount of light passing through the imaging lens 21.
  • the imaging lens 21 may be detachable from the imaging device 11 or may be fixed to the imaging device 11.
  • the imaging unit 22 is composed of an imaging element such as a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor, for example.
  • the imaging unit 22 receives light incident from a subject via the imaging lens 21 and photoelectrically converts the captured image to obtain a signal. This is supplied to the processing unit 23.
  • CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
  • the imaging unit 22 includes a phase difference detection pixel used for phase difference detection, in addition to the pixel for capturing a captured image.
  • the imaging unit 22 receives light from the subject.
  • the phase difference detection signal obtained by photoelectric conversion is supplied to the signal processing unit 23.
  • the signal processing unit 23 performs predetermined signal processing on the image signal of the captured image and the phase difference detection signal supplied from the imaging unit 22 and supplies them to the control unit 24. For example, the signal processing unit 23 performs demosaic processing, gamma correction processing, and the like on the image signal of the captured image.
  • the control unit 24 controls the operation of the entire imaging apparatus 11.
  • the control unit 24 includes a phase difference detection processing unit 51, a contrast detection processing unit 52, a focusing control unit 53, and an aperture control unit 54.
  • the phase difference detection processing unit 51 performs phase difference detection processing based on the phase difference detection signal supplied from the signal processing unit 23, and obtains the defocus amount of the focus lens 41.
  • the defocus amount indicates the distance between the imaging position of the light from the subject to be focused by the imaging lens 21 and the imaging surface of the imaging unit 22, that is, the deviation amount of the imaging position with respect to the imaging surface.
  • the contrast detection processing unit 52 performs detection processing by a contrast method based on the captured image supplied from the signal processing unit 23, and calculates a contrast evaluation value.
  • the focusing control unit 53 uses the lens driving unit 29 based on the defocus amount obtained as a result of the detection processing by the phase difference detection processing unit 51 or the evaluation value obtained as a result of the detection processing by the contrast detection processing unit 52. By controlling this, focusing control of the focus lens 41 is performed. That is, the focus control unit 53 calculates the movement amount of the focus lens 41 based on the defocus amount or the evaluation value, and controls the lens driving unit 29 based on the movement amount to move the focus lens 41.
  • the aperture control unit 54 controls the aperture 42. That is, the aperture control unit 54 determines an appropriate F value (aperture value), and controls the aperture drive unit 28 based on the F value to adjust the aperture amount (opening degree) of the aperture 42.
  • F value aperture value
  • the input unit 25 includes various buttons such as a shutter button and a power button, and supplies a signal corresponding to a user operation to the control unit 24.
  • the display unit 26 includes a liquid crystal display panel, for example, and displays an image supplied from the control unit 24.
  • the recording unit 27 includes, for example, a recording medium that can be attached to and detached from the imaging device 11, and records images such as a captured image supplied from the control unit 24 and various types of information, and also records images that are recorded as required. Information is supplied to the control unit 24.
  • the aperture driving unit 28 drives the aperture 42 according to the control of the aperture control unit 54, and adjusts the aperture amount of the aperture 42, that is, the amount of light passing through the aperture 42 (imaging lens 21).
  • the lens driving unit 29 moves the focus lens 41 so that the subject is focused according to the control of the focusing control unit 53.
  • one square represents one pixel
  • each pixel with R, G, and B characters in the square has R (red), G (green), and B (blue) colors.
  • a pixel is shown.
  • the pixel arrangement on the imaging surface is an arrangement in which pixels of each color of R, G, and B are arranged in a Bayer arrangement, and a part of the B pixels arranged in the Bayer arrangement is replaced with a phase difference detection pixel. Yes.
  • each phase difference detection pixel is provided with a biased opening on the left or right side in the figure.
  • the phase difference detection pixels GR11 to GR13 are provided with openings at positions shifted to the right in the drawing from the centers of the phase difference detection pixels.
  • These phase difference detection pixels GR11 to GR13 receive light beams (light rays) that have passed through the left half of the exit pupil of the imaging lens 21.
  • phase difference detection pixel provided with an opening biased on the right side, such as the phase difference detection pixel GR11 to the phase difference detection pixel GR13, is also referred to as a right opening phase difference detection pixel.
  • the phase difference detection signal output from is also referred to as a right aperture phase difference detection signal.
  • phase difference detection pixels GL11 to GL13 are provided with openings at positions shifted to the left in the figure from the centers of the phase difference detection pixels. These phase difference detection pixels GL11 to phase difference detection pixel GL13 receive light beams (light rays) that have passed through the right half of the exit pupil of the imaging lens 21.
  • phase difference detection pixel provided with an opening biased on the left side, such as the phase difference detection pixel GL11 to the phase difference detection pixel GL13, is also referred to as a left opening phase difference detection pixel, and the left opening phase difference detection pixel.
  • the phase difference detection signal output from is also referred to as a left aperture phase difference detection signal.
  • the phase difference detection processing unit 51 compares the right opening phase difference detection signal and the left opening phase difference detection signal, and detects the phase difference (waveform deviation amount) of these phase difference detection signals, thereby the focus lens.
  • a defocus amount of 41 is calculated. In other words, by detecting the amount of deviation between the subject position on the image captured by the right aperture phase difference detection pixel and the subject position on the image captured by the left aperture phase difference detection pixel, the focus lens 41 A defocus amount is calculated.
  • the blur amount at the detection limit is the blur amount on the imaging surface of the imaging unit 22 of the image of the subject to be focused, which is formed by the imaging lens 21, and the defocus amount is calculated by the phase difference method.
  • the amount of blur at the detection limit is determined by detection characteristics of phase difference detection, for example, filter characteristics of filter processing for waveform shaping performed on the phase difference detection signal at the time of phase difference detection.
  • the focus lens 41 is located at a position where the blur amount of the subject image on the imaging surface IM11 becomes the blur limit of the detection limit in the state of F1.4 and the state of F5.6.
  • the points P11 and P12 indicate the positions of the optical images formed by the focus lens 41 (imaging lens 21), respectively.
  • the point P11 indicating the imaging position when the F value is smaller, F1.4 is lighter than the point P12 indicating the imaging position when the F value is larger, F5.6. It is located closer to the imaging surface IM11 in the axial direction.
  • the subject image blur amount does not reach the detection limit blur amount unless the focus lens 41 is moved greatly from the state where the subject image is formed on the imaging surface IM11. I understand. In other words, it can be seen that the larger the F value, the wider the range of the position of the focus lens 41 in which phase difference detection is possible, that is, the distance measurement possible range.
  • the amount of blur at the detection limit is constant regardless of the F value, and the range in which the focus lens 41 can move, that is, the drivable range is predetermined. Therefore, from the blur amount at the detection limit and the driveable range of the focus lens 41, when the focus control is performed by the imaging surface phase difference method, the F value useful for large defocusing, that is, even when the defocus amount is large, is ensured. It is possible to specify an F value capable of phase difference detection.
  • the range in which the focus lens 41 can measure the range where phase difference detection is possible is obtained for each F value.
  • the range in which the focus lens 41 can be measured is obtained for each F value with respect to the range in which the focus lens 41 can be driven.
  • the arrow Q11 indicates the driveable range of the focus lens 41
  • the arrow Q12 indicates the range in which the focus lens 41 can detect the phase difference in the case of F1.4
  • the arrow Q13 indicates F5.
  • the range in which the phase difference can be detected by the focus lens 41 in the case of .6 is shown.
  • the left end indicates the position of the focus lens 41 when the focus position of the imaging lens 21 is infinite, that is, the position of the infinite end.
  • the right end is the position of the near end that is the position of the focus lens 41 when the focus position of the imaging lens 21 is closest to the front, that is, the imaging apparatus 11 side. Is shown.
  • the distance measurement possible range at F1.4 indicated by the arrow Q12 is a partial range of the drivable range indicated by the arrow Q11, whereas F5.6 indicated by the arrow Q13.
  • the distance measurement possible range at that time is a range including the entire driveable range indicated by the arrow Q11.
  • phase difference detection should be possible.
  • the imaging apparatus 11 can detect (range) reliably even when the defocus amount is large, so that the F value of the aperture 42 is set to a predetermined F value. Change (aperture value) and perform phase difference detection again. As a result, when focusing control is performed using the imaging plane phase difference method, the subject can be focused with high accuracy at a faster focusing speed.
  • the focusable range is not limited to the F value including the entire driveable range of the focus lens 41, and the focus speed and focus accuracy are taken into consideration. What is necessary is just to change to the optimal F value.
  • phase difference detection is not completely impossible, and there is a possibility that phase difference detection can be performed, but if it is determined that phase difference detection is difficult, such as the possibility is not high, the F value is changed, The phase difference detection may be performed again.
  • the fact that phase difference detection is difficult includes the case where phase difference detection is completely impossible.
  • the imaging device 11 displays a live view image (through image) on the display unit 26.
  • the imaging lens 21 forms an image of light incident from the subject on the imaging surface of the imaging unit 22, and the imaging unit 22, that is, a pixel for capturing a captured image receives the light incident from the imaging lens 21.
  • the photoelectric conversion is performed, and an image obtained as a result is supplied to the control unit 24 via the signal processing unit 23.
  • the signal processing unit 23 appropriately performs signal processing such as demosaic processing on the image.
  • the control unit 24 supplies the image supplied from the signal processing unit 23 to the display unit 26 and displays it as a live view image.
  • the user performs a shooting operation while viewing the live view image displayed on the display unit 26 and confirming the angle of view and the like.
  • the imaging device 11 When the user tries to focus on a desired subject during shooting, when the shutter button as the input unit 25 is pressed halfway, the imaging device 11 performs a focusing operation in accordance with the user's operation, and focuses on the subject. Start processing.
  • the focusing process performed by the imaging apparatus 11 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
  • step S11 the aperture controller 54 designates the F value (aperture value) for capturing a captured image as the F value of the aperture 42.
  • the control unit 24 sets the conditions of the shooting environment. Determine the exposure, F value, and shutter speed from the above.
  • the aperture control unit 54 designates the F value determined by the control unit 24 as an F value for photographing the aperture 42.
  • the aperture control unit 54 sets the F value specified by the user operating the input unit 25 to the aperture value. Designated as an F-number for shooting 42.
  • step S12 the diaphragm control unit 54 controls the driving of the diaphragm 42 so that the diaphragm amount of the diaphragm 42 becomes the diaphragm amount corresponding to the designated F value.
  • the aperture control unit 54 controls the aperture drive unit 28 based on the designated F value, and the aperture drive unit 28 drives the aperture 42 according to the control of the aperture control unit 54 to change the aperture amount. For example, when the process proceeds from step S11 to step S12 and the diaphragm 42 is driven, the driving of the diaphragm 42 is controlled based on the F value designated in the process of step S11.
  • step S13 the phase difference detection processing unit 51 performs phase difference detection.
  • the phase difference detection pixel of the imaging unit 22 receives light incident from the subject via the imaging lens 21 and performs photoelectric conversion, and a phase difference detection signal obtained as a result is transmitted via the signal processing unit 23. To the control unit 24.
  • the phase difference detection processing unit 51 performs filter processing on the phase difference detection signal supplied from the signal processing unit 23 using a detection filter that shapes the waveform of the phase difference detection signal. Further, the phase difference detection processing unit 51 compares the phase difference detection signal subjected to the filter processing, more specifically, the right opening phase difference detection signal and the left opening phase difference detection signal, and those phase difference detection signals The defocus amount of the focus lens 41 is calculated by detecting the phase difference.
  • step S14 the phase difference detection processing unit 51 determines whether or not phase difference detection is impossible.
  • the phase difference detection processing unit 51 determines that phase difference detection is impossible when the phase difference cannot be detected by the phase difference detection in step S13 and the defocus amount cannot be obtained. More specifically, for example, when the phase difference is detected several times to detect the phase difference, but the phase difference cannot be detected for a certain period of time, the phase difference detection is difficult. That is, it is determined that phase difference detection is not possible.
  • the fact that the phase difference could not be detected means, for example, the right opening phase difference detection signal at each deviation amount calculated when detecting the phase difference (waveform deviation amount) of the phase difference detection signal.
  • the degree of correlation with the left aperture phase difference detection signal that is, the degree of similarity is lower than the threshold value, or the case where the minimum value of the degree of correlation of the phase difference detection signal obtained for each shift amount cannot be obtained.
  • step S15 the aperture controller 54 sets the focusing F value as the F value of the aperture 42 based on the currently designated F value. specify.
  • the aperture control unit 54 designates an F value larger than the imaging F value designated in step S11 as the F value for focusing the aperture 42. Specifically, for example, as described with reference to FIG. 3, an F which is obtained in advance from the driveable range of the focus lens 41 and the blur amount at the detection limit and can be reliably detected even when the defocus amount is large. The value is designated as the F value for focusing.
  • the F value of the aperture 42 at the time of focusing control matches the F value when a captured image is captured (captured). This is for ensuring the expression of the depth of blur, or shortening the release time lag by shortening the drive time of the diaphragm 42.
  • phase difference detection is performed with the F value for photographing, and when the phase difference detection is impossible (difficult) with the photographing F value, an F value predetermined for focusing is set.
  • the F value is changed to, and phase difference detection is performed again.
  • the F value is changed, the blur amount of the subject image on the imaging surface of the imaging unit 22 is reduced, and phase difference detection is possible (easy).
  • the imaging device 11 can estimate in advance the amount of narrowing necessary to enable phase difference detection from the amount of blur at the detection limit or the like, the defocus amount can be obtained quickly.
  • step S15 when a new F value is designated in step S15, the process returns to step S12, and the above-described process is repeated. That is, the aperture amount is adjusted based on the F value designated in the process of step S15, and phase difference detection is performed again.
  • step S14 If it is determined in step S14 that the phase difference detection is not impossible, that is, it is determined that the defocus amount is obtained by the phase difference detection, the focus control unit 53 moves the focus lens 41 based on the defocus amount in step S16. Calculate the amount. In other words, the focus control unit 53 converts the defocus amount obtained in the process of step S13 into a movement amount of the focus lens 41.
  • step S17 the focus control unit 53 moves the focus lens 41 based on the movement amount calculated in the process of step S16. That is, the focus control unit 53 controls the lens driving unit 29 based on the movement amount of the focus lens 41, and the lens driving unit 29 moves the focus lens 41 in the optical axis direction according to the control of the focusing control unit 53. As a result, the subject is in focus.
  • step S18 the aperture controller 54 determines whether or not the current F value of the aperture 42 is the F value for capturing a captured image, that is, the F value specified in step S11. In step S18, when the process of step S15 is performed even once, it is determined that the F value is different.
  • step S19 the aperture control unit 54 determines that the aperture amount of the aperture 42 is designated in the process of step S11. The drive of the diaphragm 42 is controlled so that the diaphragm amount corresponds to.
  • the aperture control unit 54 controls the aperture drive unit 28 based on the F value for photographing, and the aperture drive unit 28 drives the aperture 42 according to the control of the aperture control unit 54 to change the aperture amount.
  • the F value is returned from the F value for focusing to the F value for shooting in this way, that is, the F value changed for focusing control is changed from the F value after the change to the F value before the change.
  • the sense of blur (depth expression) of the live view image displayed on the display unit 26 is the same as when the captured image is captured.
  • step S20 When the diaphragm 42 is driven based on the F value for photographing, the process proceeds to step S20.
  • step S18 determines that the current F value is the F value for photographing, the diaphragm 42 does not need to be driven, and the process proceeds to step S20.
  • control unit 24 controls the display unit 26 to perform in-focus display in step S20.
  • control unit 24 superimposes a rectangular frame indicating the focus on the subject on the in-focus area in the live view image, and supplies the live view image on which the rectangular frame is superimposed to the display unit 26 for display.
  • the in-focus processing ends.
  • the control unit 24 uses the image supplied from the imaging unit 22 via the signal processing unit 23 as a captured image, performs compression processing or the like as necessary, and then supplies the recording unit 27 for recording.
  • a captured image is displayed on the display unit 26.
  • the imaging device 11 changes the F value (aperture value) of the diaphragm 42 to a larger value and performs the phase difference detection again.
  • the subject can be focused at a higher focusing speed and with higher accuracy.
  • the imaging device 11 it is possible to realize high-speed focusing drive from a greatly blurred state, which is not good for the imaging surface phase difference method.
  • the imaging device 11 performs the process shown in FIG. 5 as the focusing process.
  • the focusing process performed by the imaging apparatus 11 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
  • the description is abbreviate
  • step S55 the aperture control unit 54 sets a value obtained by reducing the currently specified F value by a predetermined number of steps to a new focus for the aperture 42. Specify as F value.
  • step S55 the F value for focusing is changed so that the F value (aperture value) is increased by 0.3 steps with respect to the F value for photographing.
  • step S54 If it is determined in step S54 that phase difference detection is not possible, then the processing from step S56 to step S60 is performed and the focusing processing ends, but these processing is performed from step S16 to step S20 in FIG. Since this is the same as the above process, the description thereof is omitted.
  • the imaging apparatus 11 increases the F value (aperture value) of the diaphragm 42 in a stepwise manner and performs phase difference detection.
  • the subject can be focused at a higher focusing speed and with higher accuracy.
  • by increasing the F value stepwise until phase difference detection becomes possible it is possible to prevent the brightness of the live view image from changing suddenly and to improve drive quality.
  • phase difference detection may remain impossible (difficult). Therefore, for example, when phase difference detection is impossible (difficult) even when the diaphragm 42 is narrowed to some extent, the focus control may be switched to a method different from the imaging surface phase difference method.
  • step S91 to step S94 is the same as the processing from step S11 to step S14 in FIG.
  • step S95 the aperture controller 54 determines whether or not the F value has been changed for phase difference detection.
  • the F value of the aperture 42 is changed from the F value for photographing to the F value for focusing and phase difference detection is performed, that is, when the processing of step S96 described later has already been performed, the F value Is determined to have been changed.
  • step S96 the aperture control unit 54 sets the F value for focusing to the F value for the aperture 42 based on the currently designated F value. Specify as. That is, in step S96, processing similar to that in step S15 in FIG. 4 is performed.
  • step S97 the imaging device 11 performs a focusing operation using a contrast method.
  • the contrast detection processing unit 52 calculates an evaluation value indicating the degree of contrast of each region of the image based on the image that is supplied from the signal processing unit 23 and is a live view image. That is, contrast detection is performed.
  • the focusing control unit 53 calculates the moving amount of the focus lens 41 based on the evaluation value obtained by contrast detection, and further controls the lens driving unit 29 based on the moving amount.
  • the lens driving unit 29 moves the focus lens 41 according to the control of the focusing control unit 53.
  • any focusing method may be used as long as the method is different from the imaging surface phase difference method. Also good.
  • a method different from the imaging surface phase difference method for example, an active method in which infrared or ultrasonic waves are emitted to measure the distance to the subject, a phase difference method using a phase difference AF dedicated sensor, or the like can be used.
  • step S101 When the focusing operation is performed by the contrast method and the subject is brought into focus, the process proceeds to step S101.
  • step S94 If it is determined in step S94 that phase difference detection is not possible, the processes in steps S98 to S100 are thereafter performed, which are the same as the processes in steps S16 to S18 in FIG. Therefore, the description is omitted.
  • step S101 If it is determined in step S100 that the current F value is not the F value for photographing, or if it is determined in step S97 that the focusing operation has been performed, the processing in step S101 is performed.
  • step S101 the diaphragm control unit 54 controls the driving of the diaphragm 42 so that the diaphragm amount of the diaphragm 42 becomes the diaphragm amount corresponding to the F value for photographing specified in the process of step S91.
  • the contrast detection may be performed after the F value of the aperture 42 is returned to the F value for shooting, or after the focus display, the actual shooting is performed.
  • the F value (aperture amount) may be returned before the image is taken.
  • step S101 If it is determined in step S101 that the aperture 42 has been driven or the current F value is the shooting F value in step S100, then in-focus display is performed in step S102 and the focusing process ends. .
  • the process in step S102 is the same as the process in step S20 in FIG.
  • the imaging apparatus 11 performs phase difference detection by increasing the F value of the diaphragm 42.
  • the imaging surface 11 The focusing operation is performed by a focusing method different from the phase difference method.
  • ⁇ Variation 1 of the third embodiment> ⁇ Description of focus processing> Furthermore, in the third embodiment, the example of switching to the contrast method when the phase difference detection is impossible even when the F value for focusing is changed is described. However, as described in the second embodiment, the F value may be changed step by step, and switching to the contrast method may be performed when phase difference detection is impossible even if the F value is changed a predetermined number of times. .
  • the process shown in FIG. 7 is performed as the focusing process.
  • the focusing process performed by the imaging apparatus 11 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
  • or step S134 is the same as the process of step S11 thru
  • step S1335 the aperture controller 54 determines whether the F value has been changed for phase difference detection a predetermined number of times.
  • the F value of the diaphragm 42 is changed by a predetermined number of steps, such as 0.3 steps from the F value for photographing, and phase difference detection is performed, that is, the process of step S136 described later is performed a predetermined number of times. In this case, it is determined that the F value has been changed a predetermined number of times.
  • the F value is changed a predetermined number of times, and the phase difference detection cannot be performed even when the stop 42 is stopped, so that switching to the contrast method is performed.
  • the F value may be changed step by step, and the phase shift detection may be switched to when the phase difference cannot be detected even if the F value is changed until the F value is reached.
  • step S136 the aperture control unit 54 sets a new value of the aperture 42 to a value obtained by reducing the currently specified F value by a predetermined number of steps. Specify as F value for focusing. That is, in step S136, the same process as step S55 of FIG. 5 is performed.
  • step S137 when it is determined in step S135 that the F value has been changed a predetermined number of times, in step S137, the imaging device 11 performs a focusing operation using a contrast method. In step S137, processing similar to that in step S97 in FIG. 6 is performed.
  • step S141 When the focusing operation is performed by the contrast method, the process thereafter proceeds to step S141, and after the diaphragm 42 is driven, in-focus display is performed in step S142, and the focusing process ends.
  • step S134 If it is determined in step S134 that phase difference detection is not possible, then the processing from step S138 to step S142 is performed, and the focusing process ends.
  • or step S142 is the same as the process of FIG.4 S16 thru
  • the imaging apparatus 11 performs phase difference detection by gradually increasing the F value of the aperture 42, and when the phase difference detection is still impossible.
  • the focusing operation is performed by a focusing method different from the imaging surface phase difference method. As described above, when phase difference detection is impossible even if the diaphragm 42 is squeezed a predetermined number of times, by performing a focusing operation with another focusing method, it is possible to focus on a subject at a higher focusing speed and with higher accuracy. Can be focused.
  • phase difference detection processing unit 51 can change the detection characteristics by changing the characteristics of such a detection filter.
  • the waveform of the phase difference detection signal becomes steep, that is, an edge is formed, so that it is easy to correlate the right opening phase difference detection signal and the left opening phase difference detection signal. Increases accuracy.
  • the detection filter when a high-pass filter is used as the detection filter, the low-frequency component of the phase difference detection signal is removed, so that the phase difference detection signal is filtered when the subject image is blurred on the imaging surface. As a result, almost no signal component remains. Therefore, when a high-pass filter is used as a detection filter, it is effective when the defocus amount is small, but cannot be detected when the defocus amount is large.
  • phase difference detection if a low-pass filter is used as a detection filter, the accuracy of phase difference detection is lower than when a high-pass filter is used, but the right aperture phase difference detection signal and the left aperture position can be detected even when the defocus amount is large. It is possible to correlate the phase difference detection signal.
  • the detection characteristics may be changed so that the phase difference detection can be performed even when the defocus amount is large.
  • the process shown in FIG. 8 is performed as the focusing process.
  • the focusing process by the imaging device 11 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
  • or step S174 is the same as the process of step S11 thru
  • step S173 it is assumed that, for example, a high-pass filter is used as a detection filter defined as an initial setting in the filter processing for the phase difference detection signal.
  • step S175 the aperture controller 54 determines whether or not the F value has been changed for phase difference detection.
  • the F value of the diaphragm 42 is changed from the F value for photographing to the F value for focusing and phase difference detection is performed, that is, when the processing in step S176 described later has already been performed, the F value Is determined to have been changed.
  • step S176 the aperture control unit 54 sets the F value for focusing to the F value of the aperture 42 based on the currently designated F value. Specify as. That is, in step S176, processing similar to that in step S15 in FIG. 4 is performed.
  • step S175 if it is determined in step S175 that the F value has been changed, that is, if the process of step S176 has already been performed, in step S177, the phase difference detection processing unit 51 determines the detection characteristics of the phase difference detection. change.
  • the phase difference detection processing unit 51 detects the phase difference detection characteristics from the detection characteristics predetermined in the initial setting, so that the phase difference detection can be performed even when the defocus amount of the focus lens 41 is large. Change to In other words, the detection characteristic is changed to a detection characteristic suitable for a case where there are many low frequency components in the phase difference detection signal.
  • the detection filter is switched from a high-pass filter that is set as an initial setting to a low-pass filter that can perform phase difference detection even when the defocus amount is large. Therefore, in this case, in the next phase difference detection, that is, the processing in step S173, the low-pass filter is used as the detection filter, and the filter processing is performed.
  • the detection filter is changed from the high-pass filter to the low-pass filter.
  • how to change the detection characteristics such as changing the detection filter from high-pass characteristics to low-pass characteristics by changing the filter coefficient of each tap constituting the detection filter and the number of taps. It may be.
  • step S174 If it is determined in step S174 that phase difference detection is not possible, the processing from step S178 to step S182 is performed thereafter, and the focusing processing ends. These processing is performed from step S16 to step S16 in FIG. Since it is the same as the process of S20, the description is abbreviate
  • the imaging apparatus 11 performs phase difference detection by increasing the F value of the diaphragm 42.
  • the imaging device 11 performs phase difference detection. Change the detection characteristics of detection and perform phase difference detection again.
  • the detection characteristics can be changed to focus on the subject with higher focusing speed and high accuracy. it can.
  • the change of the F value and the change of the detection characteristics it is possible to make the phase difference detection possible by the imaging surface phase difference method with a small amount of narrowing down.
  • the process shown in FIG. 9 is performed as the focusing process.
  • the focusing process performed by the imaging apparatus 11 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
  • or step S214 is the same as the process of step S11 thru
  • a high-pass filter is used as a detection filter defined as an initial setting in the filter processing for the phase difference detection signal.
  • step S215 the aperture controller 54 determines whether or not the F value has been changed for phase difference detection a predetermined number of times.
  • the F value of the aperture 42 is changed by a predetermined number of steps, such as 0.3 steps from the F value for photographing, and phase difference detection is performed, that is, the process of step S216 described later is performed a predetermined number of times. In this case, it is determined that the F value has been changed a predetermined number of times.
  • step S216 the aperture control unit 54 sets a new value of the aperture 42 to a value obtained by reducing the currently specified F value by a predetermined number of steps. Specify as F value for focusing. That is, in step S216, the same process as step S55 of FIG. 5 is performed.
  • step S215 if it is determined in step S215 that the F value has been changed a predetermined number of times, the phase difference detection processing unit 51 changes the detection characteristics of the phase difference detection in step S217.
  • step S217 processing similar to that in step S177 in FIG. 8 is performed, and the detection characteristic is changed from a high-pass filter in which a detection filter is set as an initial setting to a low-pass filter.
  • the F value and the detection characteristic of the diaphragm 42 may be changed simultaneously.
  • step S214 If it is determined in step S214 that phase difference detection is not possible, then the processing from step S218 to step S222 is performed and the focusing processing ends, but these processing is performed from step S16 to step S16 in FIG. Since it is the same as the process of S20, the description is abbreviate
  • the imaging apparatus 11 performs phase difference detection by gradually increasing the F value of the aperture 42, and when the phase difference detection is still impossible. Then, the detection characteristics of phase difference detection are changed, and phase difference detection is performed again.
  • phase difference detection when phase difference detection is impossible even when the diaphragm 42 is stopped a predetermined number of times, the subject can be focused at a higher focusing speed and with higher accuracy by changing the detection characteristics. .
  • the change of the F value and the change of the detection characteristics it is possible to make the phase difference detection possible by the imaging surface phase difference method with a small amount of narrowing down.
  • the focusing method is referred to as the imaging surface phase difference method.
  • the focus control may be performed by changing to a different method.
  • the imaging apparatus 11 has been described with respect to an example in which focusing control by the contrast method can be performed in addition to the imaging surface phase difference method. Such a method may be adopted.
  • the imaging device when focus control is possible by the phase difference method using the phase difference AF dedicated sensor in addition to the imaging surface phase difference method, the imaging device is configured as shown in FIG. 10, parts corresponding to those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted as appropriate.
  • An imaging device 81 shown in FIG. 10 includes an imaging lens 21, a reflex mirror 91, a phase difference sensor 92, an imaging unit 22, a signal processing unit 23, a control unit 24, an input unit 25, a display unit 26, a recording unit 27, and a diaphragm drive. A unit 28 and a lens driving unit 29.
  • the imaging lens 21 of the imaging device 81 is provided with a focus lens 41 and a diaphragm 42
  • the control unit 24 is provided with a phase difference detection processing unit 51, a focusing control unit 53, and a diaphragm control unit 54. It has been.
  • the configuration of the imaging device 81 is different from the configuration of the imaging device 11 in that the reflex mirror 91 and the phase difference sensor 92 are provided, and the contrast detection processing unit 52 is not provided in the control unit 24. In other respects, imaging is performed.
  • the configuration is the same as that of the device 11.
  • the reflex mirror 91 is provided between the imaging lens 21 and the imaging unit 22, and guides light incident from the subject via the imaging lens 21 to either the imaging unit 22 or the phase difference sensor 92.
  • the reflex mirror 91 when the reflex mirror 91 is lowered, the light from the imaging lens 21 is reflected by the reflex mirror 91 and enters the phase difference sensor 92 and an optical finder (not shown). Further, in a state where the reflex mirror 91 is raised, the light from the imaging lens 21 does not enter the reflex mirror 91 but enters the imaging unit 22.
  • the phase difference sensor 92 is composed of an image sensor dedicated to focusing control by the phase difference method, in which a phase difference detection pixel is provided on the imaging surface.
  • the phase difference sensor 92 receives light incident from the subject via the reflex mirror 91 and the imaging lens 21 and performs photoelectric conversion, and supplies a phase difference detection signal obtained as a result to the control unit 24.
  • the phase difference detection processing unit 51 of the control unit 24 detects the phase difference of the phase difference detection signal supplied from the phase difference sensor 92 or the phase difference of the phase difference detection signal supplied from the signal processing unit 23, and the focus lens A defocus amount of 41 is obtained.
  • a diaphragm is provided between the reflex mirror 91 and the phase difference sensor 92 to limit the thickness (beam diameter) of light incident on the phase difference sensor 92.
  • the F value of the aperture 42 is set to an open value and the phase difference sensor 92 A defocus amount is calculated based on the output, and focusing control is performed.
  • the reflex mirror 91 is lowered when focusing control is performed, and the reflex mirror 91 is raised when a captured image is captured (captured).
  • the imaging device 81 causes each of the operations described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 9 to be performed with the reflex mirror 91 raised. Processing similar to the focusing processing is performed. However, in the process corresponding to step S97 of the focusing process described with reference to FIG. 6 and the process corresponding to step S137 of the focusing process described with reference to FIG. 7, the F value of the aperture 42 is the open value. Thus, the reflex mirror 91 is lowered, the defocus amount is calculated based on the output from the phase difference sensor 92, and the focus lens 41 is moved.
  • the above-described series of processing can be executed by hardware or can be executed by software.
  • a program constituting the software is installed in the computer.
  • the computer includes, for example, a general-purpose computer capable of executing various functions by installing a computer incorporated in dedicated hardware and various programs.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of a computer that executes the above-described series of processing by a program.
  • a CPU Central Processing Unit
  • ROM Read Only Memory
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • An input / output interface 505 is further connected to the bus 504.
  • An input unit 506, an output unit 507, a recording unit 508, a communication unit 509, and a drive 510 are connected to the input / output interface 505.
  • the input unit 506 includes a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, one or a plurality of image sensors.
  • the image sensor constituting the input unit 506 corresponds to the image capturing unit 22 and the phase difference sensor 92.
  • the output unit 507 includes a display, a speaker, and the like.
  • the recording unit 508 includes a hard disk, a nonvolatile memory, and the like.
  • the communication unit 509 includes a network interface or the like.
  • the drive 510 drives a removable recording medium 511 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, or a semiconductor memory.
  • the CPU 501 loads the program recorded in the recording unit 508 to the RAM 503 via the input / output interface 505 and the bus 504 and executes the program, for example. Is performed.
  • the program executed by the computer (CPU 501) can be provided by being recorded in a removable recording medium 511 as a package medium or the like, for example.
  • the program can be provided via a wired or wireless transmission medium such as a local area network, the Internet, or digital satellite broadcasting.
  • the program can be installed in the recording unit 508 via the input / output interface 505 by attaching the removable recording medium 511 to the drive 510. Further, the program can be received by the communication unit 509 via a wired or wireless transmission medium and installed in the recording unit 508. In addition, the program can be installed in advance in the ROM 502 or the recording unit 508.
  • the program executed by the computer may be a program that is processed in time series in the order described in this specification, or in parallel or at a necessary timing such as when a call is made. It may be a program for processing.
  • the present technology can take a cloud computing configuration in which one function is shared by a plurality of devices via a network and is jointly processed.
  • each step described in the above flowchart can be executed by one device or can be shared by a plurality of devices.
  • the plurality of processes included in the one step can be executed by being shared by a plurality of apparatuses in addition to being executed by one apparatus.
  • the present technology can be configured as follows.
  • a phase difference detection processing unit that performs phase difference detection based on an output from a phase difference detection pixel provided in the imaging unit; An aperture control unit that changes an aperture value to a larger value when the phase difference detection by the phase difference detection processing unit is difficult.
  • the aperture control unit changes the aperture value to a predetermined value when the phase difference detection is difficult.
  • the imaging device according to (1) (3) The imaging device according to (1), wherein the aperture control unit changes the aperture value step by step whenever it is determined that the phase difference detection is difficult.
  • the imaging device wherein when the phase difference detection is difficult, the aperture control unit changes the aperture value, and the phase difference detection processing unit changes the detection characteristics.
  • the phase difference detection processing unit changes the detection characteristic when it is determined that the phase difference detection is difficult in the phase difference detection performed by changing the aperture value.
  • Imaging device (7)
  • the imaging device according to any one of (4) to (6), wherein the phase difference detection processing unit changes filter processing applied to an output from the phase difference detection pixel as the detection characteristic.
  • the imaging apparatus according to any one of (1) to (7), further including a focusing control unit that drives an imaging lens based on the result of the phase difference detection and performs focusing control.
  • the aperture control unit When the aperture value is changed and the phase difference detection is performed again, the aperture control unit returns the aperture value to the value before the change after the focus control by the focus control unit. ).
  • the focus control unit when it is determined that the phase difference detection is difficult in the phase difference detection performed by changing the aperture value, the result of the phase difference detection by the phase difference detection processing unit.
  • (11) Perform phase difference detection based on the output from the phase difference detection pixel provided in the imaging unit, A focus control method including a step of changing the aperture value to a larger value when the phase difference detection is difficult.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
  • Focusing (AREA)
  • Automatic Focus Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

　La présente technique concerne un dispositif de capture d'image, un procédé de commande de mise au point et un programme, avec lesquels une mise au point haute précision peut être obtenue à des vitesses de mises au point plus rapides. Une unité de capture d'image est prévue avec des pixels pour la capture d'une image capturée, ainsi qu'avec des pixels de détection de différence de phase pour détecter une différence de phase. Un processeur de détection de différence de phase effectue une détection de différence de phase sur la base de la sortie des pixels de détection de différence de phase, et calcule un niveau de défocalisation pour la lentille de capture d'image. Dans le cas où une détection de différence de phase n'est pas possible, un dispositif de commande d'ouverture change la valeur d'ouverture de la lentille de capture d'image en une valeur plus grande, et le processeur de détection de différence de phase effectue à nouveau une détection de différence de phase. De ce fait, une mise au point haute précision peut être obtenue à une vitesse de mise au point plus rapide. La présente technologie peut être appliquée à un appareil photographique numérique.
PCT/JP2015/066833 2014-06-25 2015-06-11 Appareil de capture d'image, procédé de commande de mise au point, et programme Ceased WO2015198879A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0875983A (ja) * 1994-09-05 1996-03-22 Nikon Corp 焦点検出装置
JPH0895115A (ja) * 1994-07-26 1996-04-12 Asahi Optical Co Ltd 自動焦点装置および自動露出装置を備えたカメラ
JP2004312432A (ja) * 2003-04-08 2004-11-04 Canon Inc 電子カメラ
JP2008242182A (ja) * 2007-03-28 2008-10-09 Nikon Corp 焦点検出装置、焦点検出方法および撮像装置
JP2013003261A (ja) * 2011-06-14 2013-01-07 Nikon Corp 焦点検出装置および撮像装置
JP2015034859A (ja) * 2013-08-08 2015-02-19 キヤノン株式会社 自動焦点調節レンズ装置および撮影装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0895115A (ja) * 1994-07-26 1996-04-12 Asahi Optical Co Ltd 自動焦点装置および自動露出装置を備えたカメラ
JPH0875983A (ja) * 1994-09-05 1996-03-22 Nikon Corp 焦点検出装置
JP2004312432A (ja) * 2003-04-08 2004-11-04 Canon Inc 電子カメラ
JP2008242182A (ja) * 2007-03-28 2008-10-09 Nikon Corp 焦点検出装置、焦点検出方法および撮像装置
JP2013003261A (ja) * 2011-06-14 2013-01-07 Nikon Corp 焦点検出装置および撮像装置
JP2015034859A (ja) * 2013-08-08 2015-02-19 キヤノン株式会社 自動焦点調節レンズ装置および撮影装置

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