[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2015186087A1 - Plaque-électrode dotée de conducteurs délimitant des vides procédé d'utilisation associé - Google Patents

Plaque-électrode dotée de conducteurs délimitant des vides procédé d'utilisation associé Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2015186087A1
WO2015186087A1 PCT/IB2015/054228 IB2015054228W WO2015186087A1 WO 2015186087 A1 WO2015186087 A1 WO 2015186087A1 IB 2015054228 W IB2015054228 W IB 2015054228W WO 2015186087 A1 WO2015186087 A1 WO 2015186087A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductors
fibres
plate according
electrode
skin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2015/054228
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Massimo LEANDRI
Antonio Sergio Siri
Luca Pellegrino
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche CNR
DIMES Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Universita degli Studi di Genova
Original Assignee
Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche CNR
DIMES Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Universita degli Studi di Genova
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche CNR, DIMES Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale Universita degli Studi di Genova filed Critical Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche CNR
Publication of WO2015186087A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015186087A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
    • A61N1/0456—Specially adapted for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation [TENS]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
    • A61N1/0476—Array electrodes (including any electrode arrangement with more than one electrode for at least one of the polarities)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/36014—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes
    • A61N1/3603—Control systems
    • A61N1/36034—Control systems specified by the stimulation parameters

Definitions

  • the present invention generally refers to non-chemical delivering electrode devices for electrical stimulation of cutaneous nerve fibres.
  • non-chemical delivering electrode devices are those electrode devices for treatment of the human or animal body that are not configured for delivering a medicine or other chemicals to the body.
  • the present invention refers to an electrode plate comprising an electrically insulating supporting plate having a front face and a rear face and a pattern of surface electrodes for electrical stimulation of cutaneous nerve fibres disposed on the front face of the supporting plate.
  • Excitable tissues are biological structures with membranes that can be depolarized by suitable electric current.
  • the said current must have specific characteristics in order that depo- larization takes place.
  • Such characteristics are summarized in the strength duration curve, which determines the minimum duration and intensity (or strength) of the stimulating rectangular impulse for a given membrane.
  • One most important parameter described by the curve is the rheobase, that is the minimum intensity that a stimulus of infinite duration must have in order to depolarize the membrane.
  • rheobase is the minimum intensity that a stimulus of infinite duration must have in order to depolarize the membrane.
  • Another important parameter defined by the curve is the chronaxie.
  • This is the duration of the stimulus required to stimulate the nerve at twice the rheobase. From the formula I Ir-(l+C/t) where I is the current required, Ir is the rheobase, C is the chronaxie, and t is the duration of stimulus, it is evident that the cur- rent needed to stimulate the nerve will depend on the pulse width or duration of the stimulus.
  • the chronaxie can be used as a measure of the threshold for any particular nerve and it is useful when comparing different nerves or nerve fiber types. Certain nerves have a different chronaxie based on their physical properties (myelination, size, etc). Sensory nerves in the human and animal body are formed up by a number of fibres of different sizes and function:
  • ⁇ fibres i.e. large sized fibres that are covered by an insulating sheath (myelin) and fast conducting (70-40 m/s); they convey senses of proprioception, touch and pressure;
  • ⁇ fibres i.e. medium sized fibres that are still myelinated and conduct at intermediate velocity (30-5 m/s). They convey senses of gross touch, cold and pricking or fast pain;
  • Typical pulse duration values suitable to stimulate different groups of fibres are the following:
  • microseconds for ⁇ fibres 50-100 microseconds for ⁇ fibres, 200 microseconds for ⁇ fibres, 500-1000 microseconds for C fibres.
  • the only method recognized as reliable for selective activation of the nerve fibres lying within epidermal layer of the skin is infrared laser light.
  • the best type of laser for the purpose is the C0 2 laser, with a wavelength almost completely absorbed by the first 50- 100 ⁇ of the skin.
  • the NdYAP another type of laser is nowadays preferred, the NdYAP. This has deeper penetration into the skin and is far less selective, but, because of its ease of use, it is now widely employed [2].
  • the effect of infrared laser onto the skin is a rise in temperature, hence depolarization of the axonal membranes is involved [3].
  • Circular electrode where the cathode (the stimulating polarity) is a small dot with diameter of the order of 0.5 mm placed at the centre, surrounded by an isolation insert with diameter of 5 mm and by an outer conductive ring with diameter of 6 mm, the latter acting as anode [4].
  • the cathode the stimulating polarity
  • the electric field has a shallow gradient, so the nerve fibres embedded in deep layers of the skin are also activated.
  • the amount of these fibres would be very small indeed, as the stimulating region only lies along the border of the central dot electrode. Matter of fact, it has been demonstrated in patients and through deep recordings from the central nervous system that such electrodes do not perform selective activation of the ⁇ and C fibres, but mainly activate ⁇ fibres [5].
  • US 2013/0053933 discloses a device having multiple needles acting as cathodes, and penetrating the skin for about 0.3 mm. Such configuration achieves high enough current density and allows activation of higher amount of nerve fibres. There has been no scientific demonstration of its selectivity, but one objection is that the depth of 0.3 mm is far too much and the needle points are likely to penetrate the dermal layer, hence activating ⁇ fi- bres also. Another major objection to the method is that it is invasive, based upon skin penetration.
  • US 2006/0085056 discloses a device having an array of a large number of needles, penetrating the skin about 0.3 mm. It has the feature of being able to stimulate even more nerve fibres, but it has the drawbacks of penetrating down to the dermis (hence jeopardiz- ing selectivity) and invasiveness. Again, there is no scientific demonstration of its selectivity.
  • an aim of the invention is to provide a device that allows selective stimulation of nerve fibres located within the epidermal layer of the skin ( ⁇ and C terminals) without undesired activation of deeper fibres ( ⁇ ).
  • a further aim of the invention is to provide a device that allows activations of a large number of the epidermal nerve fibres, proportional to the size of the device.
  • a still further aim of the invention is to provide a device that is not invasive, as the desired stimulation is just performed by applying the device on intact skin.
  • a further aim is to provide a device that is devoid as much as possible of electrical coupling with the recording electrodes employed in electrophysiological recordings.
  • the pattern of surface electrodes comprises a first and second set of copla- nar conductors which are positionable into mechanical and electrical contact with the skin of a human or animal body, characterized in that the first set consists of a plurality of conductors electrically connected to one another, and the second set consists of a single conductor or a plurality of conductors electrically connected to one another, said first and sec- ond set of conductors being connectable to a voltage generator so as that the first set of conductors has a first electric potential and the second set of conductors has a second electric potential different from the first electric potential, wherein a gap region of sinuous and/or arrayed configuration is defined between said first and second set of conductors, wherein when viewed in plan, each point of the gap region lies at a distance Di from the first set of conductors and at a distance D 2 from the second set of conductors such that the sum D
  • the device according to the invention is capable of stimulating the nociceptive afferents only (i.e. ⁇ and C fibres), by using electrical stimuli, without coactivation, or with negligible activation, of non-nociceptive fibres ( ⁇ fibres).
  • the device according to the invention is capable to obtain the injection of high density current into a very superficial layer of the skin (epidermis, i.e. ⁇ 100 ⁇ from the surface), distributed to an area as wide as possible (from several mm 2 up to few cm 2 or greater), and at the same avoiding current spreading into the deeper layer of the dermis (i.e. > 100 ⁇ from the surface).
  • Such features permit the desired selective activation because epidermis is only innervated by nociceptive afferents.
  • Another advantage of the invention in comparison with previous devices lies in its capability of greatly reducing the spread of electric stimulus to the recording electrodes commonly used in electrophysiology. Thereby the obtained recordings will be much less subject to in- terference, that otherwise may obscure the relevant parts of the trace.
  • Such advantage has been found by the inventors in experiments even when the distance d between nearest conductors of different electric potential was increased to values greater than 250 Dm, hence deprived of their selective property. Therefore, the electrode plate may be employed even in applications where ⁇ fibres have to be stimulated but low interference from the stimulus is desirable.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view illustrating a conventional, circular electrode plate
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view illustrating an electrode plate according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic plan view illustrating a portion of a gap region of an electrode plate according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of distribution of second order spatial derivative of the electrical potential along the vertical direction for the conventional electrode plate (left side panel) and for the electrode plate of figure 2 according to the invention (right side panel).
  • the X-scale is the distance from the centre of the electrode as indicated in figure.
  • Conductivity of SC has been adapted to the experimental conditions.
  • White regions in the SC indicate values of the spatial derivative above the colour scale, but irrelevant to our interest as nervous fibres are located in the epidermis and dermis layers.
  • Values of the spatial derivative are negative under the cathode and positive in its neighbourhood (circular electrode) or under the anode (interdigi- tated electrode). Spatial scale is in meters. Only half the electrode is shown, with the central pin polarized as a cathode at -50V. The anodic pad for the concentric electrode is far away in the right direction at 2.5 mm distance;
  • Fig. 5 shows: in left side panel, a table with numerical values of the integral of the activation function "f" calculated for the conventional and invention electrode plate at dif- ferent depths along line profiles (integral path) of the cross-sectional plot of figure 4; in right side panel, a normalized plot of the integral values;
  • Fig. 6 is a graph depicting the scalp recorded evoked potential after stimulation of epidermal nerve endings with the device of the invention.
  • the elec- trical "artefact" of the electrical stimuli can be seen, due to the stimuli delivered in train of 5 pulses, with total duration of 25ms (the actual artefact linked to each single pulse is much smaller than with conventional electrodes).
  • the N2-P2 complex reflecting cortical activation by the painful afferents;
  • Figs. 7 and 8 are schematic plan view illustrating further embodiments of the elec- trade plate according to the invention.
  • Figs. 9a to 9d are graphs showing exemplary configurations of stimuli which can be delivered according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a conventional electrode plate as disclosed in [4].
  • This electrode plate com- prises a supporting plate 1 carrying, on its front face, a small dot 3 acting as cathode, an insulation insert 5 and an outer conductive ring 7 acting as anode.
  • the dot 3 is placed at the centre of the supporting plate 1, and is surrounded by the insulation insert 5 and by the outer conductive ring 7.
  • Fig. 2 shows an electrode plate according to the invention.
  • This electrode plate comprises a supporting plate 11 of electrically insulating material that can be stiff or flexible.
  • the electrode plate may be of ceramic material, such as alumina or Macor®, fiberglass or plastic, such as Kapton®.
  • the supporting plate 11 carries, on its front face 11a, a pattern of surface electrodes for electrical transcutaneous stimulation of nerve fibres.
  • the electrode plate is suitable for being attached to the skin of a human or animal body.
  • the front face 11a is the face of the plate 11 that is positioned on the skin, whereas the opposite face, which is not visible in the drawings, is termed rear face.
  • the electrode plate can be set in mechanical and electrical contact to the subject skin with a sticking tape.
  • the electrode plate may have adhesive material applied on its front face.
  • the pattern of surface electrodes applied on the supporting plate 11 comprises a first and second set of conductors 13, 17, particularly in form of narrow strips, having different electric potentials when connected to a voltage generator V, and interdigitated with one another. More particularly, the first and second set of conductors 13, 17 are arranged in a comb-like pattern as shown in Fig. 2.
  • a gap region 19 is defined between the first and second set of conductors 13, 17 for separating the first set of conductors from the second set of conductors.
  • the gap region 19 is of sinuous, particularly serpentine configuration.
  • the sum D is equal to the distance d between nearest conductors of different electric potential; this means that distances d between nearest conductors of different electric potential are equal to or less than 250 ⁇ .
  • the area of the gap region 19 is of the order of magnitude of 1 mm or greater, when measured in plan view.
  • the electrode plate according to the invention is capable of selective stimulation of ⁇ and C fibres, and is large enough to stimulate a suitable number of nerve fibres.
  • the selective stimulation is performed through a sequence of pulses with magnitude able to depolarize membranes of nociceptive fibres following their specific strength duration re- lationship, while minimizing the total amount of energy transmitted to the human or animal body.
  • Each stimulus comprises a single electrical pulse or a burst of pulses, for example 5 pulses separated by a pulse period ⁇ of 5ms.
  • pulses may have duration T in the 0.2 ms-1 ms range (see Fig. 9a).
  • stimuli may be repeated up to 1000 times, so that a maximum of 5000 pulses may be delivered, for a current application total time of 5s and a total session time of a few minutes.
  • Each pulse may be a rectangular, triangular pulse or any other shape pulse. Alternatively, it may contain a radiofrequency wave packet with spectral distribution within approximately 50-500 kHz. For example, the pulse may be the said radiofrequency wave packet summed with a DC or low frequency signal (see Fig. 9c).
  • the average of the effective applied voltage or current is approximately zero value so as to promote membrane depolarization while minimizing transport of ions through tissues (see Figs. 9b and 9d).
  • the conductors 13, 17 may be fabricated with conventional lithographic methods by depositing a thin conductive layer over an insulating substrate. Deposition may be performed by sputtering and patterning by optical lithography. In particular, the inventors have fabricated some prototypes by depositing a 200 nm-thick gold layer over an insulating ceramic substrate, and patterning the interdigitated geometry by means of optical lithography and Argon milling.
  • the inventors fabricated prototypes depositing the metallic (gold) layer over a negative-tone patterned photoresist interdigitated geometry, the final structure being obtained by lift-off technique.
  • the prototypes have been wired by conducting paste or through ultrasonic bonding wires that were immersed in (insulating) Epoxy glue in order to mechanically sustain hard contact with human skin.
  • the large conducting areas outside the interdigitated region of the device were electrically insulated from the skin by insulating varnish or glue.
  • the area covered by the whole device had typical di- mension of 6 x 10 mm , allowing the simultaneous activation of a very large number of epidermal fibres (density of nerve fibres is estimated to be around 60-120 /mm , depending on the skin zone).
  • the samples were subjected to experiments using, as electrical stimuli, a burst of 5 pulses each with duration of 1 ms, and interpulse interval of 4 ms (so the whole burst had duration of 25 ms).
  • the activating function "f ' of unmyelinated fibres - which is strongly related to the firing of the action potential of the neuron - is proportional to the second order derivative of the electrical potential along fibre's length, in this case d 2 V/dz 2 as epidermal nerve fibres are mainly aligned along skin thickness (z direction).
  • Figure 4 shows the distribution of the second order potential derivative along z direction for the concentric electrode plate presented by M0rch et al. [7] and the electrode plate of the invention. Modelling is performed by Finite Element Analysis using a layered model for the skin reported by M0rch et al. [7]. Thus, plots of figure 4 well describe the regions where small fibres are mainly stimulated. The advantage of the invention clearly appears from these plots. It appears that circular electrodes used so far have a much smaller stimulating area mainly evidenced by the darker regions in the epidermis layer.
  • the invention offers the possibility to extend the stimulating area at will by increasing the size of the device.
  • the approach of the invention offers a larger stimulating area, as the electrode surface is characterized by a high edge/surface area ratio. Matter of fact, from the calculation of the inventors it appears that the activation function is peaked under the edges of the micro structured electrode and due to the very short interdigital distance, the efficacious electric field is limited to the epidermal region of the skin, approximately 100 ⁇ below the surface.
  • Table and plot of figure 5 describe the efficiency of the two types of electrodes in terms of average stimulation under the skin.
  • Four profiles of the activation function "f at different depths under the skin (-10 ⁇ , -59 ⁇ (middle of the epidermis) -100 ⁇ , -200 ⁇ ) for a total length of 1 mm along the cross sections (integral path) of figure 4 were considered for the two electrodes (see dotted line of Figure 4 right).
  • the table of Fig. 5 shows the values of the integrals of the activation function over these cross sections for the electrode plate of the invention and the circular one.
  • the device had surface of approximately 6 x 10 mm and comb-like structure, with n. 16 teeth for the negative pole (cathode) and n. 16 teeth for the positive. Length of the teeth was 10 mm each. Distance between teeth of different electric potential was 100 ⁇ .
  • the device had surface of approximately 6 x 10 mm and comb-like structure, with n. 31 teeth for the negative pole (cathode) and n. 31 teeth for the positive. Length of the teeth was 10 mm each. Distance between teeth of different electric potential was 50 ⁇ .
  • Each device was applied in turn onto dry skin in the area between first and second metacarpal of the non-dominant hand of each subject.
  • the site of application was chosen because it is in the area of distribution of the radial nerve, and because cutaneous branches of the radial nerve, at that site, run just underneath the epidermis. If enough current spreads to the dermis or subcutaneous, then the felt perception would be radiated, usually down to the second finger. Otherwise, if current is only spread to the epidermis, just the embedded nerve fibres will be stimulated, and a painful prick should be felt just beneath the device.
  • a constant voltage isolated pulse generator was used; current and voltage delivered to the device were monitored on oscilloscope. Starting from 0 V, the stimulator output was increased in steps of 5 V every two bursts, until the faintest sensation was felt by the subject. The very first sensation felt by the subject has always been a pin prick. Perception thresholds were assessed between 40 and 100 V approximately, according to the subject. In order to ascertain that epidermal nociceptive fibres were selectively stimulated, two experiments were set up.
  • Figure 7 shows a further embodiment of the electrode plate according to the invention.
  • the pattern of surface electrodes comprises a first and second set of conductors 13', 17', particularly in form of narrow strips, having different electric poten- tials and interdigitated with one another. More particularly, the first and second set of conductors 13', 17' are arranged in a curvilinear pattern as shown in Fig. 7. A gap region 19' is defined between the first and second set of conductors 13', 17' for separating the first set of conductors from the second set of conductors. In the embodiment of Figure 7 the gap region 19' is of sinuous (serpentine) configuration.
  • the sum D is equal to the distance d' between nearest conductors of different electric potential; this means that distances d' between nearest conductors of different electric potential are equal to or less than 250 ⁇ .
  • the area of the gap region 19' is of the order of magnitude of 1 mm or greater, when measured in plan view.
  • FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the electrode plate according to the invention.
  • the pattern of surface electrodes comprises a first and second set of conductors 13", 17" having different electric potentials, wherein the second set of con- ductors 17" is in form of an enveloping electrode that surrounds the first set of conductors 13" .
  • a gap region 19" is defined between the first and second set of conductors 13", 17" for separating the first set of conductors from the second set of conductors. Due to the envel- oping arrangement of the second set of conductors 17", the gap region 19" is in form of closed loop.
  • the first set of conductors 13" is in form of an array of dots surrounded by the enveloping electrode 17"
  • the gap region 19" is in form of a plurality of ring-shaped regions, each of which is interposed between a corresponding dot and the enveloping electrode.
  • the dots may be connected to one another by conductor parts formed on the front face of the electrode plate.
  • the first set of conductors such as for example narrow strips or more complex shapes.
  • the sum D is equal to the distance d" between nearest conductors of different electric potential; this means that each ring-shaped region has a width d' ' equal to or less than 250 ⁇ .
  • the area of the gap region 19" (i.e. the sum of the areas of the individual ring-shaped regions) is of the order of magnitude of 1 mm or greater, when measured in plan view.
  • this arrangement may be used even in applications where ⁇ fibres have to be stimulated but low interference from the stimulus is desirable.
  • the electrode plate was able to activate the entire fibres spectrum ( ⁇ , ⁇ and C fibres), and therefore lost its selectivity, but still obtained reduced stimulus spread to recording electrodes.
  • These recording electrodes are usually placed on the skin at some distance away from the stimulating electrode plate. This low interference feature may be advantageous in some applications, such as for example in clinical neurophysiology.
  • Rattay F The basic mechanism for the electrical stimulation of the nervous system. Neuroscience 1999; 89(2): 335-46.
  • Morch CD et al Estimating nerve excitation thresholds to cutaneous electrical stimulation by finite element modeling combined with a stochastic branching nerve fiber model. Med Biol Eng Comput 2011; 49(4): 385-95.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une plaque-électrode comprenant une plaque de support électriquement isolante (11) présentant une face avant (11a) et une face arrière ainsi qu'un motif d'électrodes superficielles disposé sur la face avant en vue de la stimulation électrique de fibres nerveuses cutanées. Le motif d'électrodes superficielles comprend des premier et second ensembles de conducteurs (13, 17), une région formant un vide (19) de configuration sinueuse et/ou alignée étant délimitée entre les premier et second ensembles de conducteurs. Chaque point de la région formant le vide se trouve à une distance D1 du premier ensemble de conducteurs (13) et à une distance D2 du second ensemble de conducteurs (17), de telle sorte que la somme D = D1 + D2 est égale ou inférieure à 250 µm, la surface de la région formant le vide relevant de l'ordre de grandeur de 1 mm2 ou davantage.
PCT/IB2015/054228 2014-06-05 2015-06-04 Plaque-électrode dotée de conducteurs délimitant des vides procédé d'utilisation associé Ceased WO2015186087A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO20140451 2014-06-05
ITTO2014A000451 2014-06-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015186087A1 true WO2015186087A1 (fr) 2015-12-10

Family

ID=51454883

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2015/054228 Ceased WO2015186087A1 (fr) 2014-06-05 2015-06-04 Plaque-électrode dotée de conducteurs délimitant des vides procédé d'utilisation associé

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2015186087A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI659762B (zh) * 2017-12-14 2019-05-21 財團法人工業技術研究院 電刺激控制電路及控制方法
WO2020135990A1 (fr) * 2018-12-26 2020-07-02 Bausch Health Ireland Limited Applicateur de circuit souple pour administration transcutanée d'énergie

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0337642A2 (fr) * 1988-04-14 1989-10-18 Inventor's Funding Corp. Ltd. Dispositif d'administration transcutanée de médicaments
US20020183685A1 (en) * 1999-02-10 2002-12-05 Gmp Drug Delivery, Inc. Iontophoresis, electroporation and combination patches for local drug delivery to body tissues
US20060085056A1 (en) 2004-10-19 2006-04-20 Schouenborg Jens O R Method and means for electrical stimulation of cutaneous sensory receptors
US20100087903A1 (en) * 2006-12-18 2010-04-08 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Electrotherapeutic device
US20100152794A1 (en) * 2008-12-11 2010-06-17 Nokia Corporation Apparatus for providing nerve stimulation and related methods
US20120101405A1 (en) * 2010-10-21 2012-04-26 Aalborg Universitet Method for predicting cutaneous afferent nerve fiber excitation
US20130053933A1 (en) 2011-08-25 2013-02-28 Nihon Kohden Corporation Pain sensory nerve stimulation apparatus

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0337642A2 (fr) * 1988-04-14 1989-10-18 Inventor's Funding Corp. Ltd. Dispositif d'administration transcutanée de médicaments
US20020183685A1 (en) * 1999-02-10 2002-12-05 Gmp Drug Delivery, Inc. Iontophoresis, electroporation and combination patches for local drug delivery to body tissues
US20060085056A1 (en) 2004-10-19 2006-04-20 Schouenborg Jens O R Method and means for electrical stimulation of cutaneous sensory receptors
US20100087903A1 (en) * 2006-12-18 2010-04-08 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Electrotherapeutic device
US20100152794A1 (en) * 2008-12-11 2010-06-17 Nokia Corporation Apparatus for providing nerve stimulation and related methods
US20120101405A1 (en) * 2010-10-21 2012-04-26 Aalborg Universitet Method for predicting cutaneous afferent nerve fiber excitation
US20130053933A1 (en) 2011-08-25 2013-02-28 Nihon Kohden Corporation Pain sensory nerve stimulation apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BOINAGROV D ET AL.: "Strength-duration relationship for extracellular neural stimulation: Numerical and analytical models", JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, vol. 104, 2010, pages 2236 - 2248
KATSARAVA Z ET AL.: "A novel method of eliciting pain-related potentials by transcutaneous electrical stimulation", HEADACHE, vol. 46, no. 10, 2006, pages 1511 - 17
LEANDRI M ET AL.: "Measurement of skin temperature after infrared laser stimulation", NEUROPHYSIOL CLIN, vol. 36, no. 4, 2006, pages 207 - 18
MORCH CD ET AL.: "Estimating nerve excitation thresholds to cutaneous electrical stimulation by finite element modeling combined with a stochastic branching nerve fiber model", MED BIOL ENG COMPUT, vol. 49, no. 4, 2011, pages 385 - 95
PERCHET C ET AL.: "Do we activate specifically somatosensory thin fibres with the concentric planar electrode? A scalp and intracranial EEG study", PAIN, vol. 153, no. 6, 2012, pages 1244 - 52
RATTAY F.: "The basic mechanism for the electrical stimulation of the nervous system", NEUROSCIENCE, vol. 89, no. 2, 1999, pages 335 - 46
WELLS J ET AL.: "Biophysical mechanisms of transient optical stimulation of peripheral nerve", BIOPHYS J, vol. 93, no. 7, 2007, pages 2567 - 80

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI659762B (zh) * 2017-12-14 2019-05-21 財團法人工業技術研究院 電刺激控制電路及控制方法
US10905876B2 (en) 2017-12-14 2021-02-02 Industrial Technology Research Institute Electrical stimulation control circuit and control method thereof
WO2020135990A1 (fr) * 2018-12-26 2020-07-02 Bausch Health Ireland Limited Applicateur de circuit souple pour administration transcutanée d'énergie

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Geisler et al. The surface EEG in relation to its sources
Torebjo et al. Identification of afferent C units in intact human skin nerves
Vöröslakos et al. Direct effects of transcranial electric stimulation on brain circuits in rats and humans
Rothwell et al. Motor cortex stimulation in intact man: 1. General characteristics of EMG responses in different muscles
KR101237395B1 (ko) 피부 감각기관의 전기 자극방법 및 장치
McDonnall et al. Interleaved, multisite electrical stimulation of cat sciatic nerve produces fatigue-resistant, ripple-free motor responses
Lee et al. Neurotransmitter release from high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus
Wark et al. A new high-density (25 electrodes/mm2) penetrating microelectrode array for recording and stimulating sub-millimeter neuroanatomical structures
US20100191316A1 (en) Electrode set and stimulating device
Devor et al. Primary afferent and spinal sensory neurons that respond to brief pulses of intense infrared laser radiation: a preliminary survey in rats
Vrabec et al. Continuous direct current nerve block using multi contact high capacitance electrodes
Stecker et al. Mechanisms of electrode induced injury. Part 1: theory
Silber et al. Magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex evokes skin sympathetic nerve activity
Boyer et al. Electrophysiological activity evoked by direct electrical stimulation of the human brain: interest of the P0 component
WO2015186087A1 (fr) Plaque-électrode dotée de conducteurs délimitant des vides procédé d'utilisation associé
Zarola et al. Single fibre motor evoked potentials to brain, spinal roots and nerve stimulation. Comparisons of the ‘central’and ‘peripheral’response jitter to magnetic and electric stimuli
Manger et al. Properties of electrosensory neurons in the cortex of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus): implications for processing of electrosensory stimuli
Sun et al. Current source density analysis of laser heat-evoked intra-cortical field potentials in the primary somatosensory cortex of rats
Asan et al. Electric fields induced by transcutaneous and intracranial current injections in the rat brain
Langerlund Electrophysiological generators in clinical neurophysiology
Myers et al. The motor unit and muscle action potentials
Zhang et al. Neural signal blocking based on spike trapping principle: Effect of electrode and pulse parameters
Wang et al. The suppressive effect of electrical stimulation on nociceptive responses in the rat
Vöröslakos Spatially and temporally targeted neuromodulation by transcranial electrical stimulation
Pérez et al. Quantification of Neural Conduction Block on the Rat Sciatic Nerve based on EMG Response

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 15728647

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 15728647

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1