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WO2015183120A1 - Procédé de démarrage sans flamme d'un dispositif catalytique - Google Patents

Procédé de démarrage sans flamme d'un dispositif catalytique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015183120A1
WO2015183120A1 PCT/RU2014/000377 RU2014000377W WO2015183120A1 WO 2015183120 A1 WO2015183120 A1 WO 2015183120A1 RU 2014000377 W RU2014000377 W RU 2014000377W WO 2015183120 A1 WO2015183120 A1 WO 2015183120A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
catalyst
hydrogen
catalytic
water
catalytic device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2014/000377
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Александр Иванович НИЗОВСКИЙ
Александр Владимирович КУЛИКОВ
Андрей Викторович ПОРСИН
Владимир Николаевич РОГОЖНИКОВ
Эмилио ДИАЗ БЕХАРАНО
Сандро МАКИЕТТО
Франческо КОЛЕТТИ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OBSCHESTVO S OGRANICHENNOI OTVETSTVENNOSTYU "UNICAT"
Original Assignee
OBSCHESTVO S OGRANICHENNOI OTVETSTVENNOSTYU "UNICAT"
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by OBSCHESTVO S OGRANICHENNOI OTVETSTVENNOSTYU "UNICAT" filed Critical OBSCHESTVO S OGRANICHENNOI OTVETSTVENNOSTYU "UNICAT"
Publication of WO2015183120A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015183120A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F23C13/02—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material characterised by arrangements for starting the operation, e.g. for heating the catalytic material to operating temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/18—Radiant burners using catalysis for flameless combustion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a technology for producing thermal energy by catalytic combustion of a hydrocarbon or other gaseous fuel in a catalytic device.
  • Natural gas, propane-butane gas mixture, gaseous fractions of diesel fuel, alcohol vapors or other combustible gaseous compounds can be used as fuel in the catalytic device.
  • the invention relates to the stage of flameless starting of a catalytic device, in which the necessary energy for heating the catalyst to operating temperatures is obtained by catalytic combustion of hydrogen.
  • Radiation heat sources based on catalytic combustion of fuel are widely used for heating various objects, materials, coolant in the heat exchanger apparatus, while cooking, as heaters of indoor premises.
  • catalytic method of burning fuel complete combustion of the fuel is achieved and no nitrogen oxides hazardous to the environment are formed, as with flare.
  • the cost of heat obtained by catalytic combustion of fuel is several times lower than the cost of heat obtained by electric heating.
  • Catalytic devices designed to burn various fuels have a starting mode.
  • the catalyst In order for the catalyst to begin to operate stably and efficiently, it must be heated to operating temperature.
  • This temperature depends on the composition of the fuel and the properties of the catalyst. In general, this temperature may be in the range of 150-500 ° C. Therefore, to start the catalytic device using various methods of heating the catalyst.
  • the easiest way to heat up the catalyst is to flare the fuel, which when the required operating temperature is reached passes into diffusion combustion.
  • it is impossible to control the flare zone and the use of this method can lead to undesirable overheating of other objects in the vicinity or parts of the catalytic device. This poses a certain danger from the point of view of ignition of foreign objects, especially in the vicinity of flammable or explosive substances.
  • the flame temperature reaches high temperatures (1300 ° C), at which harmful nitrogen oxides are formed.
  • Patents and applications US 3024836, US 3270798, US 6045355, US 6470876, US 7431076, US 20090053664, US 20110123940 describe catalytic heating devices in which electric current is used to preheat the catalyst.
  • the disadvantage of electric heating is the need to use an electric current source.
  • the power, mass and dimensions of the electric current source will depend on the total heat capacity of the catalyst, heat exchange conditions of the electric heater with the catalyst, ambient temperature and other conditions on which the temperature of the catalyst will depend.
  • the heating elements are embedded inside the catalyst layer (US patents 3024836, US 3270798). In this case, the catalyst heating time can sometimes reach 10-30 min. To accelerate heating, it is necessary to increase the current strength.
  • the most suitable gas for a flameless start is hydrogen, since hydrogen begins to burn on a platinum catalyst at a temperature below room temperature.
  • US 3518036 and US 3681002 describe a method in which hydrogen obtained from the electrolysis of water is used to preheat the catalyst.
  • oxygen and hydrogen obtained by electrolysis of water are mixed with fuel.
  • US patent 3681002 a small amount of hydrogen is mixed with natural gas.
  • the main disadvantage of this method is that electrolysis of water requires an electrolyzer and an electric power source of increased power, since a large amount of energy is needed to decompose a water molecule.
  • the present invention solves the problem of effective heating of the catalyst in the catalytic device on the starting mode.
  • the technical result is an autonomous flameless starting mode of the catalytic device without supplying additional energy from the outside, which simplifies the design of the catalytic device and improves technical and environmental safety when starting the catalytic device.
  • the problem is solved by starting the catalytic heating device, in which the catalyst is heated in the starting mode to the flameless catalytic combustion temperature of the gaseous fuel by the heat released on the catalyst as a result of the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen by oxygen, while the hydrogen supplied to the catalyst is formed as a result of the chemical reaction of activated aluminum with a liquid reagent containing water.
  • hydrogen is supplied to the catalyst in an amount necessary to heat the catalyst, and then gaseous fuel, or hydrogen and gaseous fuel are supplied to the catalyst simultaneously.
  • a liquid reagent containing water in an amount of from 10 to 100 may be used. % To start at low temperatures, a solution of water and alcohol with a water content of May 10 to 100 is used. %
  • the task is achieved due to the fact that to start the catalytic device uses hydrogen supplied to the catalyst, on which the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen by oxygen contained in the air.
  • the catalyst is heated.
  • Oxygen can be supplied to the reaction zone (to the surface of the catalyst) both due to diffusion from the environment, and by mixing air and hydrogen in a catalytic device before being fed to the catalyst.
  • Fuel can be supplied after heating the catalyst to the required temperature or simultaneously with the supply of hydrogen.
  • the present invention proposes to use water as a source of hydrogen. Hydrogen is released as a result of a chemical reaction of water and activated aluminum:
  • aluminum hydroxide is formed, which is safe from a technical and environmental point of view and can be further used as a useful product for the production of adsorbents or catalyst supports based on aluminum oxide.
  • a water-containing solution having a lower freezing temperature can be used.
  • a solution of water and alcohol may be suitable for this.
  • the ratio of water and alcohol is selected based on what freezing temperature of the solution is necessary to obtain.
  • the evaporating alcohol during heating of the solution at the stage of the interaction of water and aluminum together with hydrogen enters the catalyst. Since the catalytic oxidation of alcohol begins at a lower temperature than hydrocarbon fuel, the resulting additional thermal effect from the combustion of fuel as a whole additionally accelerates the process of starting the catalytic device.
  • a tank designed for the reaction of activated aluminum with water can be structurally integrated with the catalytic device, for example, in the form of a replaceable part. To accelerate the launch of the catalytic device at low temperatures, the amount of activated aluminum and water is proportionally increased.
  • Example 1 start at room temperature with separate supply of hydrogen and fuel.
  • the input of a catalytic device with a platinum catalyst and a rated power of 500 W, designed to burn propane, butane or a propane-butane gas mixture, is connected to a sealed with a capacity of 200 ml, in which 10 g of activated aluminum is placed. 100 ml of water is introduced into the indicated container through an additional special fitting, after which it is tightly closed. Within 2-4 minutes, the water is heated due to the positive heat. the effect of the reaction of activated aluminum with water, accompanied by rapid expulsion of hydrogen for several minutes. Hydrogen is oxidized on the catalyst with heat absorption and water formation.
  • gas fuel propane, butane or a propane-butane gas mixture
  • a flow rate of 5-8 cm 3 / s is supplied to the catalytic device with a flow rate of 5-8 cm 3 / s. Further, the temperature necessary for the operation of the catalytic device is maintained due to the heat generated during combustion of the fuel.
  • Example 2 start at room temperature with the simultaneous supply of hydrogen and fuel.
  • the input of a catalytic device with a platinum or palladium catalyst and a power of 500 W, designed to burn propane, butane or natural gas, is connected to a sealed container of 200 ml in which 10 g of activated aluminum is placed. Then, 100 ml of water is introduced into the indicated container through an additional special fitting, after which it is tightly closed. Within 2-4 minutes, water is heated due to the positive thermal effect of the reaction of activated aluminum with water, accompanied by rapid evolution of hydrogen for several minutes. Hydrogen in the inner cavity of the catalytic device is mixed with simultaneously supplied fuel with a flow rate of 5-8 cm 3 / s. The resulting gas-hydrogen-gas mixture is fed to a catalyst on which hydrogen oxidizes with heat.
  • the catalytic device starts up. Further, the temperature necessary for the operation of the catalytic device is maintained due to the heat generated during combustion of the fuel. Excess hydrogen is burned on the catalyst with the fuel. Example 3 (start at low temperature).
  • the launch of the catalytic device is carried out in a similar manner as described in examples 1, 2 with the difference that instead of water, a solution containing water and ethanol is used.
  • the concentration of ethanol in water May 10. %

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la technologie de production d'énergie thermique lors de la combustion catalytique d'un combustible carboné ou autre combustible gazeux dans un dispositif catalytique. L'invention concerne le stade de démarrage sans flamme d'un dispositif catalytique pour lequel l'énergie nécessaire à chauffer le catalyseur jusqu'aux températures de travail est obtenue lors de l'oxydation catalytique de l'hydrogène par de l'oxygène dans l'air. L'hydrogène est produit au terme d'une réaction chimique d'aluminium activé avec de l'eau ou n'importe quel autre réactif liquide contenant de l'eau. Le résultat technique consiste en un mode de démarrage sans flamme autonome sans apport d'énergie supplémentaire de l'extérieur qui assure une plus grande simplicité de conception du dispositif catalytique et une meilleure sécurité du point de vue technique et écologique lors du démarrage du dispositif catalytique.
PCT/RU2014/000377 2014-05-26 2014-05-26 Procédé de démarrage sans flamme d'un dispositif catalytique Ceased WO2015183120A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2014120943 2014-05-26
RU2014120943/06A RU2014120943A (ru) 2014-05-26 2014-05-26 Способ беспламенного запуска каталитического устройства

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015183120A1 true WO2015183120A1 (fr) 2015-12-03

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/RU2014/000377 Ceased WO2015183120A1 (fr) 2014-05-26 2014-05-26 Procédé de démarrage sans flamme d'un dispositif catalytique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
RU (1) RU2014120943A (fr)
WO (1) WO2015183120A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114251653A (zh) * 2021-12-23 2022-03-29 大连大学 一种催化燃烧储放氢装置及方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3681002A (en) * 1969-10-20 1972-08-01 Esher R Weller Self-igniting burners
JPH0611119A (ja) * 1992-06-24 1994-01-21 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 触媒燃焼装置
US6932593B2 (en) * 2001-12-03 2005-08-23 New England Catalytic Technologies, Inc. Method of preheating catalytic heater
RU2338684C2 (ru) * 2005-07-13 2008-11-20 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Томский политехнический университет" Смесь гидрореагирующая
RU2356830C2 (ru) * 2007-06-26 2009-05-27 ОАО Научно-производственное предприятие "Квант" Способ получения водорода
RU87573U1 (ru) * 2008-11-18 2009-10-10 Объединенный институт высоких температур Российской Академии Наук (ОИВТ РАН) Генератор водорода для автономного источника питания на топливных элементах
RU2444472C2 (ru) * 2005-06-13 2012-03-10 Сосьете Бик Топлива для генерирующих водород баллончиков

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3681002A (en) * 1969-10-20 1972-08-01 Esher R Weller Self-igniting burners
JPH0611119A (ja) * 1992-06-24 1994-01-21 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 触媒燃焼装置
US6932593B2 (en) * 2001-12-03 2005-08-23 New England Catalytic Technologies, Inc. Method of preheating catalytic heater
RU2444472C2 (ru) * 2005-06-13 2012-03-10 Сосьете Бик Топлива для генерирующих водород баллончиков
RU2338684C2 (ru) * 2005-07-13 2008-11-20 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Томский политехнический университет" Смесь гидрореагирующая
RU2356830C2 (ru) * 2007-06-26 2009-05-27 ОАО Научно-производственное предприятие "Квант" Способ получения водорода
RU87573U1 (ru) * 2008-11-18 2009-10-10 Объединенный институт высоких температур Российской Академии Наук (ОИВТ РАН) Генератор водорода для автономного источника питания на топливных элементах

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114251653A (zh) * 2021-12-23 2022-03-29 大连大学 一种催化燃烧储放氢装置及方法

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