WO2015182438A1 - 微細繊維および微細繊維含有シートの製造方法、それにより得られるシート、および樹脂が積層された樹脂複合体 - Google Patents
微細繊維および微細繊維含有シートの製造方法、それにより得られるシート、および樹脂が積層された樹脂複合体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015182438A1 WO2015182438A1 PCT/JP2015/064319 JP2015064319W WO2015182438A1 WO 2015182438 A1 WO2015182438 A1 WO 2015182438A1 JP 2015064319 W JP2015064319 W JP 2015064319W WO 2015182438 A1 WO2015182438 A1 WO 2015182438A1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
- D21H11/20—Chemically or biochemically modified fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/28—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/001—Modification of pulp properties
- D21C9/002—Modification of pulp properties by chemical means; preparation of dewatered pulp, e.g. in sheet or bulk form, containing special additives
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/001—Modification of pulp properties
- D21C9/007—Modification of pulp properties by mechanical or physical means
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/02—Chemical or chemomechanical or chemothermomechanical pulp
- D21H11/04—Kraft or sulfate pulp
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
- D21H11/18—Highly hydrated, swollen or fibrillatable fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
- D21H13/28—Organic non-cellulose fibres from natural polymers
- D21H13/30—Non-cellulose polysaccharides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2309/00—Parameters for the laminating or treatment process; Apparatus details
- B32B2309/08—Dimensions, e.g. volume
- B32B2309/10—Dimensions, e.g. volume linear, e.g. length, distance, width
- B32B2309/105—Thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing fine fibers, a method for producing fine fiber-containing sheets, and a sheet obtained thereby. Specifically, in the production of a sheet containing substituent-introduced fine fibers, a sheet with high transparency and reduced yellowing due to heating is produced by carrying out a step of removing the substituent at a predetermined stage. And a sheet obtained thereby.
- plastic films have a higher coefficient of linear expansion than glass, and during the formation of electronic elements (inorganic materials) that require high-temperature processes, film warping and destruction of electronic elements have been difficult to put to practical use. It was. Therefore, for these uses, there is a demand for new materials that have the same transparency and low linear expansion coefficient as glass, and can exhibit heat resistance and yellowing resistance that can withstand various process temperatures.
- cellulose fine fibers having a fiber diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less have attracted attention.
- Cellulose microfibers are aggregates of cellulose crystals with high elastic modulus and low thermal expansion coefficient, and composites with non-woven fabric and transparent resin prepared from these microfibers are highly transparent, high elastic modulus, low linear expansion coefficient
- Patent Document 1 Patent Document 2
- Patent Document 7 is not only easy to refine (defibrate) the fiber raw material, but also has good drainage and dewaterability of the fine fiber-containing slurry after refinement (defibration) and the obtained fineness.
- the substituent introduced in a slurry state is eliminated to obtain an improved fine fiber.
- JP 2010-7010 A JP 2009-167397 A JP 2010-254726 A JP 2008-308802 A International Publication 2013/073652 Special table 2012-511596 gazette International Publication 2013/176049 JP 2011-144363 A JP 2014-141772 A
- the fine fiber-containing sheet obtained from the cellulose fine fiber introduced with a substituent having electrostatic and / or steric functionality is weak in heat, and therefore has high transparency.
- coloring due to high temperature treatment was remarkable.
- the elimination of substituents at the slurry stage may reduce the dispersibility in water and cause agglomeration, and there is a problem that the sheet itself is not highly transparent even if it is made into a sheet as it is. It was.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing fine fibers, a method for producing a fine fiber-containing sheet, which is highly transparent and in which yellowing due to heating is suppressed, a sheet obtained thereby, and a resin composite.
- the inventors have introduced a substituent introduced at a stage after forming a substituent-introduced fine fiber into a sheet, for example, by boiling it with a polyhydric alcohol and desorbing it, so that the fineness with high transparency and little yellowing can be obtained. It has been found that a fiber-containing sheet and a resin composite can be obtained.
- the present inventors also have a fine fiber-containing sheet and a resin composite that have high transparency and little yellowing by changing the neutralization degree of the introduced substituent in the fiber into which the phosphate-derived substituent is introduced. It has also been found that can be obtained.
- Patent Documents 8 and 9 are heat-treated in the presence of a solvent in the state of fine fibers, but are not techniques performed to remove the introduced substituent. Further, according to the study by the present inventors, when the heat treatment is performed in water after forming the substituent-introduced fine fibers into a sheet, there is a disadvantage that the sheet that was not found in the case of polyhydric alcohol swells and breaks. occured. For this reason, the present inventors have also found a more practical method for removing a substituent at a stage after the substituent-introduced fine fiber is formed into a sheet.
- various barrier layers can be laminated on the fine fiber-containing sheet using various conditions.
- shrinkage due to humidity is greatly influenced by the introduced substituent, the hydroxyl group of cellulose is also a factor, so that it is necessary to provide a hydroxyl group blocking or barrier layer.
- the present invention provides the following.
- [1] In the method for producing a fine fiber-containing sheet, at least (a) a step of introducing a substituent having electrostatic and / or steric functionality into a fiber raw material to obtain a substituent-introduced fiber; and (b) Mechanically processing the substituent-introduced fiber obtained in step (a) to obtain a substituent-introduced microfiber; and (c) preparing a sheet from the substituent-introduced microfiber obtained in step (b); (D) A method for producing a fine fiber-containing sheet, comprising a step of detaching at least part of the introduced substituent from the sheet obtained in the step (c).
- [2] In the method for producing a fine fiber-containing sheet, at least (a) a step of introducing a substituent having electrostatic and / or steric functionality into a fiber raw material to obtain a substituent-introduced fiber; Mechanically processing the substituent-introduced fiber obtained in step (a) to obtain a substituent-introduced microfiber; and (c) preparing a sheet from the substituent-introduced microfiber obtained in step (b); (D) A method for producing a fine fiber-containing sheet, comprising a step of treating the sheet obtained in the step (c) with alcohol to remove at least a part of the introduced substituent. [3] The production method according to [2], wherein the alcohol is a polyhydric alcohol.
- the substituent having electrostatic and / or steric functionality is a group derived from phosphoric acid, and is further substituted by (e) after step (a) and before step (c).
- the introduction amount of at least one selected from the group consisting of an acid-derived group, a carboxylic acid-derived group and a sulfuric acid-derived group is 0.01 to 0.1 mmol / g, and the total light transmittance is 85% or more.
- the present invention also provides the following.
- [1] In the method for producing fine fibers, at least (a) a step of introducing a substituent derived from phosphoric acid into a fiber raw material to obtain a substituent-introduced fiber; The degree of neutralization of the substituent-introduced fiber obtained in step (b) or the step (a) of obtaining the substituent-introduced fine fiber by mechanically treating the fiber The manufacturing method of the fine fiber which has the process to change.
- [2] The production method according to [1], wherein the step (c) is performed so that the neutralization degree is 15 to 85%.
- the present invention also provides the following.
- a composite sheet including an inorganic layer formed on at least one side of a base sheet layer and a base sheet layer, including fine fibers.
- the composite sheet according to 1 or 2 further comprising an organic layer formed on at least one side of the base sheet layer.
- the substituent is at least one selected from the group consisting of a group derived from phosphoric acid, a group derived from carboxylic acid, and a group derived from sulfuric acid, and the substituent introduction amount is 0.01 to 2.0 mmol / g. 5.
- the composite sheet according to any one of 1 to 4 wherein [6] The composite sheet according to any one of 1 to 5, wherein the base sheet layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 1200 ⁇ m.
- the inorganic layer includes at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide carbide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbonitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxycarbide, and aluminum oxynitride.
- the base sheet layer is: (A) a step of obtaining a substituent-introduced fiber into a fiber raw material; and (b) a step of mechanically treating the substituent-introduced fiber obtained in step (a) to obtain a substituent-introduced fine fiber; produced by a production method comprising a step of preparing a sheet from the substituent-introduced fine fibers obtained in b) and a step of (d) desorbing at least part of the introduced substituents from the sheet obtained in step (c).
- the composite sheet according to any one of 1 to 8.
- the substituent having electrostatic and / or steric functionality is a group derived from phosphoric acid, and after step (a) and before step (c), further (e) substitution 10.
- On at least one side of the base sheet layer 11.
- the composite sheet according to any one of 1 to 10 wherein an inorganic layer and an organic layer laminated on the inorganic layer are formed, or an organic layer and an inorganic layer laminated on the organic layer are formed.
- the present invention further provides the following.
- [1] In the method for producing a fine fiber-containing sheet, at least (a) a step of introducing a substituent having electrostatic and / or steric functionality into a fiber raw material to obtain a substituent-introduced fiber; and (b) Mechanically processing the substituent-introduced fiber obtained in step (a) to obtain a substituent-introduced microfiber; and (c) preparing a sheet from the substituent-introduced microfiber obtained in step (b); (D) A method for producing a fine fiber-containing sheet, comprising a step of detaching at least part of the introduced substituent from the sheet obtained in the step (c).
- step (d) is a step of removing at least part of the introduced substituent by treating the sheet obtained in the step (c) with water and / or alcohol.
- step (d) is a step of removing at least part of the introduced substituent by treating the sheet obtained in the step (c) with water and / or alcohol.
- step (d) is a step of removing at least part of the introduced substituent by treating the sheet obtained in the step (c) with water and / or alcohol.
- the treatment with water and / or alcohol in the step (d) is treatment with water and / or alcohol vapor.
- the steam is high-pressure steam of 0.1 MPa to 30 MPa.
- step (d) is a step of treating the sheet obtained in the step (c) with a polyhydric alcohol to remove at least a part of the introduced substituent.
- the substituent having electrostatic and / or steric functionality is a group derived from phosphoric acid, and after step (a) and before step (c), further (e) substitution 10.
- a base sheet layer comprising a fine fiber-containing sheet manufactured by the manufacturing method according to any one of 1 to 11, and an inorganic layer formed on at least one side of the base sheet layer and / or Or a composite sheet comprising an organic layer.
- the inorganic layer includes at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide carbide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbonitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxycarbide, and aluminum oxynitride.
- the composite sheet according to 13 or 14, comprising: [16] The composite sheet according to any one of 13 to 15, wherein the organic layer contains a thermosetting resin or a photocurable resin. [17] An inorganic layer and an organic layer laminated on the inorganic layer are formed on at least one side of the base sheet layer, or an organic layer and an inorganic layer laminated on the organic layer are formed, 13 The composite sheet according to any one of 1 to 15. [18] A flexible display, a solar cell, a lighting element, a display element, a touch panel, a window material, or a structural material using the composite sheet according to any one of 13 to 17. [19] A product using the composite sheet according to 13 to 17, or the solar cell, illumination element, display element, touch panel, window material or structural material according to 18.
- a composite sheet using a substituent-introduced fine fiber-containing sheet as a base material, having transparency, flexibility, a low linear thermal expansion coefficient, and further having moisture resistance.
- the present invention there is provided a technique for efficiently removing the introduced substituent after forming the substituent-introduced fine fiber into a sheet. Thereby, yellowing with time and heat yellowing of the fine fiber-containing sheet can be suppressed.
- Calibration curve for fine fiber-containing sheets A non-woven fabric with a known amount of phosphate groups was prepared, and after X-ray fluorescence analysis, a calibration curve for the characteristic X-ray intensity of P atoms and the amount of phosphate groups introduced was prepared and used for experiments. Calibration curve for fine fiber-containing sheets. A non-woven fabric having a known carboxyl group and a Na salt type was prepared, and a calibration curve for the characteristic X-ray intensity of Na atoms and the amount of introduced carboxyl groups was prepared and used for the experiment. Relationship between OH / C ratio and ability to eliminate substituents.
- the method for producing a fine fiber-containing sheet of the present invention comprises at least (a) introducing a substituent having electrostatic and / or steric functionality into a fiber raw material to obtain a substituent-introduced fiber; and (b) Mechanically processing the substituent-introduced fiber obtained in step (a) to obtain a substituent-introduced microfiber; and (c) preparing a sheet from the substituent-introduced microfiber obtained in step (b); (D) A step of removing at least a part of the introduced substituent from the sheet obtained in the step (c).
- Step (a) is a step of obtaining a substituent-introduced fiber by introducing a substituent having electrostatic and / or steric functionality into the fiber raw material.
- a process (a) It is possible to introduce
- a heating method is particularly effective.
- the heat treatment temperature in the introduction of the substituent is not particularly limited, but it is preferably a temperature range in which thermal decomposition or hydrolysis of the fiber raw material is unlikely to occur.
- a fiber raw material containing cellulose is selected as the fiber raw material From the viewpoint of the thermal decomposition temperature, it is preferably 250 ° C. or lower, and from the viewpoint of suppressing the hydrolysis of cellulose, it is preferable to perform a heat treatment at 100 to 170 ° C.
- the fiber raw material used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include inorganic fibers, organic fibers, synthetic fibers, semi-synthetic fibers, and recycled fibers.
- inorganic fibers include, but are not limited to, glass fibers, rock fibers, and metal fibers.
- organic fibers include, but are not limited to, fibers derived from natural products such as cellulose, carbon fibers, pulp, chitin, and chitosan.
- Examples of synthetic fibers include, but are not limited to, nylon, vinylon, vinylidene, polyester, polyolefin (eg, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), polyurethane, acrylic, polyvinyl chloride, aramid, and the like.
- Semi-synthetic fibers include but are not limited to acetate, triacetate, promix and the like. Examples of the regenerated fiber include, but are not limited to, rayon, cupra, polynosic rayon, lyocell, and tencel.
- the fiber raw material used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that it contains a hydroxyl group or an amino group because the introduction of substituents described later becomes easy.
- the pulp is selected from wood pulp, non-wood pulp, and deinked pulp.
- wood pulp include hardwood kraft pulp (LBKP), softwood kraft pulp (NBKP), sulfite pulp (SP), soda pulp (AP), unbleached kraft pulp (UKP), oxygen bleached kraft pulp (OKP), and the like.
- Chemical pulp, semi-chemical pulp (SCP), semi-chemical pulp such as Chemi-groundwood pulp (CGP), mechanical pulp such as ground mechanical pulp (GP), thermomechanical pulp (TMP, BCTMP), etc. Not.
- Non-wood pulp includes cotton pulp such as cotton linter and cotton lint, non-wood pulp such as hemp, straw and bagasse, cellulose isolated from sea squirts and seaweed, chitin, chitosan, etc., but is not particularly limited.
- the deinking pulp includes deinking pulp made from waste paper, but is not particularly limited.
- the pulp of the present invention may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among the above pulps, wood pulp containing cellulose and deinked pulp are preferable in terms of availability.
- chemical pulp has a large cellulose ratio, so the yield of fine cellulose fibers during fiber refinement (defibration) is high, and the degradation of cellulose in the pulp is small and long fibers with a large axial ratio.
- it is especially preferable at the point from which a fine cellulose fiber is obtained it is not specifically limited.
- kraft pulp and sulfite pulp are most preferably selected, but are not particularly limited.
- a sheet containing long cellulose fine cellulose fibers having a large axial ratio provides high strength.
- the compound that reacts with the fiber raw material is not particularly limited.
- a compound having a group derived from phosphoric acid, a compound having a group derived from carboxylic acid, a compound having a group derived from sulfuric acid, a compound having a group derived from sulfonic acid examples thereof include compounds having an alkyl group having 10 or more carbon atoms and compounds having an amine-derived group.
- a compound having at least one selected from the group consisting of a group derived from phosphoric acid, a group derived from carboxylic acid, and a group derived from sulfuric acid is preferable because of ease of handling and reactivity with fine fibers, and these compounds are fine fibers. It is more preferable to form an ester or / and an amide with, but is not particularly limited.
- the compound having a phosphoric acid-derived group used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is at least one selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, phosphonic acid, polyphosphonic acid, or salts or esters thereof. is there.
- a compound having a phosphoric acid group is preferable because it is low-cost, easy to handle, and can further improve the refinement (defibration) efficiency by introducing a phosphoric acid group into the fiber raw material, but is not particularly limited. .
- the compound having a phosphate group is not particularly limited, but phosphoric acid, lithium dihydrogen phosphate which is a lithium salt of phosphoric acid, dilithium hydrogen phosphate, trilithium phosphate, lithium pyrophosphate, lithium polyphosphate, phosphorous Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium polyphosphate, sodium potassium phosphate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate , Tripotassium phosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium polyphosphate, and ammonium phosphates such as ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, triammonium phosphate, ammonium pyrophosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, etc.
- phosphoric acid sodium phosphate, phosphoric acid potassium salt, and phosphoric acid ammonium salt are preferred from the viewpoint of high efficiency in introducing a phosphate group and easy industrial application.
- Sodium dihydrogen phosphate Although disodium hydrogen phosphate is more preferable, it is not particularly limited.
- the compound is preferably used as an aqueous solution because of the uniformity of the reaction and the introduction efficiency of the group derived from phosphoric acid, but is not particularly limited.
- the pH of the aqueous solution of the compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 7 or less because the efficiency of introducing a phosphate group is high.
- a pH of 3 to 7 is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of suppressing fiber hydrolysis, but is not particularly limited.
- the compound having a carboxylic acid-derived group used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound having a carboxyl group, an acid anhydride of a compound having a carboxyl group, and derivatives thereof.
- the compound having a carboxyl group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dicarboxylic acid compounds such as maleic acid, succinic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid and itaconic acid, and tricarboxylic acid compounds such as citric acid and aconitic acid. .
- the acid anhydride of the compound having a carboxyl group is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include acid anhydrides of dicarboxylic acid compounds such as maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, adipic anhydride, and itaconic anhydride. It is done.
- the derivative of the compound having a carboxyl group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an acid anhydride imidized compound having a carboxyl group and an acid anhydride derivative of a compound having a carboxyl group. Although it does not specifically limit as an acid anhydride imidation thing of a compound which has a carboxyl group, Imidation thing of dicarboxylic acid compounds, such as maleimide, succinic acid imide, and phthalic acid imide, is mentioned.
- the acid anhydride derivative of the compound having a carboxyl group is not particularly limited, but at least one of the acid anhydrides of the compound having a carboxyl group, such as dimethylmaleic anhydride, diethylmaleic anhydride, diphenylmaleic anhydride and the like. And those in which a part of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with a substituent (for example, an alkyl group, a phenyl group, etc.).
- a substituent for example, an alkyl group, a phenyl group, etc.
- maleic anhydride succinic anhydride, and phthalic anhydride are preferable because they are easily industrially applied and easily gasified, but are not particularly limited.
- the compound having a group derived from sulfuric acid used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfuric anhydride, sulfuric acid, and salts and esters thereof.
- sulfuric acid is preferred, but is not particularly limited because it is low in cost and can further improve the refinement (defibration) efficiency by introducing a sulfate group into the fiber raw material.
- the amount of substituent introduced into the substituent-introduced fiber obtained in the step (a) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.005 ⁇ to 0.11 ⁇ per 1 g (mass) of fiber, 0.01 ⁇ More preferable is 0.08 ⁇ . If the introduction amount of the substituent is less than 0.005 ⁇ , it is difficult to refine (defibrate) the fiber raw material. If the introduced amount of the substituent exceeds 0.11 ⁇ , the fiber may be dissolved.
- (alpha) is the quantity (unit: mmol / g) by which the functional group which the compound which reacts with a fiber material can react, for example, a hydroxyl group and an amino group, is contained per 1 g of fiber materials.
- the measurement of the introduction amount (titration method) of the substituent on the fiber surface can be performed by the following method, unless otherwise specified: Fine fiber containing solid content of about 0.04 g in absolute dry mass The slurry is collected and diluted to about 50 g with ion exchange water. While stirring this solution, the change in the value of electrical conductivity when a 0.01N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added dropwise was measured, and the amount of 0.01N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution added when the value was minimized was measured. The amount dropped at the titration end point.
- V A dripping amount (ml) of 0.01N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution
- W Solid content (g) contained in the slurry containing fine cellulose fibers.
- ⁇ Alkali treatment> If necessary, after the step of introducing a substituent having electrostatic and / or steric functionality in step (a) to obtain a substituent-introduced fiber, mechanical processing in step (b) described later You may perform an alkali treatment before a process.
- the alkali treatment a cation can be supplied to the phosphate group introduced into the fiber to easily form a salt. Further, the alkali treatment is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the fiber yield.
- the method of alkali treatment is not particularly limited. For example, it can be carried out by immersing phosphate group-introduced cellulose fibers in an alkaline solution.
- the alkali compound contained in the alkali solution may be an inorganic alkali compound or an organic alkali compound.
- inorganic alkali compounds are alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates and phosphates. More specific examples are lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, calcium carbonate, lithium phosphate Potassium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate.
- organic alkali compounds are ammonia, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, aliphatic ammoniums, aromatic ammoniums, heterocyclic compounds, and their hydroxides, carbonates or phosphates. More specific examples are ammonia, hydrazine, methylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, propylamine, dipropylamine, butylamine, diaminoethane, diaminopropane, diaminobutane, diaminopentane, diaminohexane, cyclohexylamine, aniline, tetra Methylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, pyridine, N, N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine
- the solvent in the alkaline solution is not particularly limited, and water and / or an organic solvent can be used.
- a polar one polar organic solvent such as water or alcohol
- an aqueous solvent containing water is more preferable.
- Particularly preferred examples of the alkaline solution are an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution.
- the pH at 25 ° C. of the alkaline solution in which the phosphate group-introduced cellulose is immersed can be appropriately determined, but is preferably 9 or more, more preferably 10 or more, and even more preferably 11 or more. preferable. This is because the yield of cellulose fibers is higher.
- the pH of the alkaline solution at 25 ° C. is preferably 14 or less. This is because when the pH exceeds 14, the handleability of the alkaline solution is lowered.
- the phosphate group-introduced cellulose fiber may be washed before the alkali treatment step. Water and / or an organic solvent can be used for washing.
- the alkali-treated phosphate group-introduced cellulose fiber may be washed with water and / or an organic solvent in order to improve the handleability.
- Step (b) is a step of obtaining the substituent-introduced fine fiber by subjecting the substituent-introduced fiber obtained in step (a) to refinement (defibration) using a defibrating apparatus.
- defibrating device there are no particular limitations on the defibrating device, but high-speed defibrator, grinder (stone mortar grinder), high-pressure homogenizer and ultra-high pressure homogenizer, CLEARMIX, high-pressure collision grinder, ball mill, bead mill, disk refiner, conical refiner, A wet milling apparatus such as a biaxial kneader, a vibration mill, a homomixer under high-speed rotation, an ultrasonic disperser, a beater, or the like can be used as appropriate.
- grinder stone mortar grinder
- high-pressure homogenizer and ultra-high pressure homogenizer CLEARMIX
- high-pressure collision grinder ball mill
- bead mill disk refiner
- conical refiner conical refiner
- a wet milling apparatus such as a biaxial kneader, a vibration mill, a homomixer under high-speed rotation, an ultrasonic disperser, a beater, or the like can be used as appropriate.
- the defibrating treatment it is preferable to dilute the substituent-introduced fiber obtained in the step (a) by combining water and an organic solvent alone or in combination, but it is not particularly limited.
- the solid content concentration of the substituent-introduced fiber after dilution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass. If the solid content concentration of the substituent-introduced fiber after dilution is equal to or higher than the lower limit, the efficiency of the defibrating treatment is improved, and if it is equal to or lower than the upper limit, blockage within the defibrating apparatus can be prevented.
- a polar organic solvent In addition to water, a polar organic solvent can be used. Although it does not specifically limit as a preferable polar organic solvent, Alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tbutyl alcohol, Ketones, such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), Diethyl ether, Tetrahydrofuran (THF ) And the like, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and the like. These may be one type or two or more types. Moreover, as long as the dispersion stability of the fine fiber-containing slurry is not disturbed, a nonpolar organic solvent may be used in addition to the water and the polar organic solvent.
- Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tbuty
- the fine fiber content in the fine fiber-containing slurry after the refinement (defibration) treatment is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.02 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass. preferable.
- the content of the fine fibers is within the above range, the production efficiency when producing the sheet described later is excellent, and the dispersion stability of the slurry is excellent.
- the fiber width of the substituent-introduced fine fibers obtained by refining (defibration) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 1000 nm, more preferably 2 to 500 nm, still more preferably 3 to 100 nm. It is.
- the fiber width of the fine fiber is less than 1 nm, the molecule is dissolved in water, and physical properties (strength, rigidity, dimensional stability) as the fine fiber are not expressed.
- it exceeds 1000 nm it cannot be said to be a fine fiber, and physical properties (strength, rigidity, dimensional stability) as a fine fiber cannot be obtained.
- the fiber width is not particularly limited because the transparency tends to decrease, but it is preferably 2 to 30 nm, more preferably 2 to 20 nm.
- a composite obtained from the fine fibers as described above generally has a high strength because it becomes a dense structure, and high transparency can be obtained because it hardly scatters visible light.
- the measurement of the fiber width of the fine fibers is performed as follows.
- a fine fiber-containing slurry having a concentration of 0.05 to 0.1% by mass is prepared, and the slurry is cast on a carbon film-coated grid subjected to a hydrophilic treatment to obtain a sample for TEM observation.
- an SEM image of the surface cast on glass may be observed.
- Observation with an electron microscope image is performed at a magnification of 1000 times, 5000 times, 10000 times, 20000 times, or 50000 times, depending on the width of the constituent fibers.
- the sample, observation conditions, and magnification are adjusted to satisfy the following conditions.
- One straight line X is drawn at an arbitrary location in the observation image, and 20 or more fibers intersect the straight line X.
- a straight line Y perpendicular to the straight line is drawn in the same image, and 20 or more fibers intersect the straight line Y.
- the fiber width in the present invention is an average value of the fiber widths read in this way.
- the fiber length of the fine fiber is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more. When the fiber length is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, it is difficult to obtain the strength improvement effect when the fine fiber is combined with the resin.
- the fiber length can be obtained by image analysis of TEM, SEM, or AFM.
- the said fiber length is a fiber length which occupies 30 mass% or more of a fine fiber.
- the axial ratio (fiber length / fiber width) of the fine fibers is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 20 to 10,000. If the axial ratio is less than 20, it may be difficult to form a fine fiber-containing sheet. When the axial ratio exceeds 10,000, the slurry viscosity becomes high, which is not preferable.
- Step (c) is a step of preparing a sheet of the substituent-introduced fine fibers obtained in step (b).
- the sheet is not particularly limited, but may be prepared by mixing at least one kind of the fine fibers and fibers other than the fine fibers (hereinafter referred to as “additional fibers”).
- additional fibers include inorganic fiber, organic fiber, synthetic fiber, semi-synthetic fiber, and recycled fiber, but are not particularly limited.
- inorganic fibers include, but are not limited to, glass fibers, rock fibers, and metal fibers.
- organic fibers include, but are not limited to, fibers derived from natural products such as cellulose, carbon fibers, pulp, chitin, and chitosan.
- synthetic fibers include, but are not limited to, nylon, vinylon, vinylidene, polyester, polyolefin (for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), polyurethane, acrylic, polyvinyl chloride, aramid, and the like.
- Semi-synthetic fibers include but are not limited to acetate, triacetate, promix and the like.
- the regenerated fiber include, but are not limited to, rayon, cupra, polynosic rayon, lyocell, and tencel.
- the additional fiber can be subjected to treatment such as chemical treatment and defibrating treatment as necessary.
- the additional fiber When the additional fiber is subjected to chemical treatment, defibrating treatment, etc., it can be mixed with fine fibers and then subjected to chemical treatment, defibrating treatment, etc., and the additional fiber can be chemically treated, defibrated. It can also be mixed with fine fibers after being treated.
- the addition amount of the additional fiber in the total amount of the fine fiber and the additional fiber is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, and further preferably 30%. It is below mass%. Especially preferably, it is 20 mass% or less.
- hydrophilic polymers include polyethylene glycol, cellulose derivatives (hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.), casein, dextrin, starch, modified starch, polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol (acetoacetylated polyvinyl alcohol, etc.), Polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyacrylic acid salts, polyacrylamide, acrylic acid alkyl ester copolymer, urethane copolymer and the like can be mentioned, but are not particularly limited.
- hydrophilic low molecular weight compound can be used instead of the hydrophilic polymer.
- hydrophilic low molecular weight compounds include, but are not limited to, glycerin, erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, galactitol, mannitol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and butylene glycol.
- the addition amount in the case of adding a hydrophilic polymer or a hydrophilic low molecular weight compound is preferably 1 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 150 parts by mass, further preferably 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the fine fiber. Is 2 to 120 parts by mass, particularly preferably 3 to 100 parts by mass, but is not particularly limited.
- the preparation of the sheet is not particularly limited, but can typically be based on the following papermaking method, coating method, and the like.
- ⁇ Papermaking method> In addition to continuous paper machines such as long-mesh type, circular net type, and inclined type, which use fine fiber-containing slurry for ordinary paper making, multi-layered paper making machines combining these, and well-known paper making methods such as hand-making Paper is made and can be made into a sheet in the same manner as ordinary paper. That is, it is possible to obtain a sheet by filtering and dewatering the fine fiber-containing slurry on a wire to obtain a wet paper sheet, followed by pressing and drying.
- the concentration of the slurry is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass. If the concentration is too low, it takes a long time for filtration. Conversely, if the concentration is too high, a uniform sheet cannot be obtained.
- the filter cloth at the time of filtration is not particularly limited, but it is important that the fine fibers do not pass and the filtration rate is not too slow.
- seat, fabric, and porous film which consist of organic polymers are preferable.
- the organic polymer is not particularly limited, but non-cellulosic organic polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and the like are preferable.
- Specific examples include a porous film of polytetrafluoroethylene having a pore diameter of 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m, for example, 1 ⁇ m, and polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene fabric having a pore diameter of 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m, for example, 1 ⁇ m, but are not particularly limited.
- a method for producing a sheet from a slurry containing fine fibers is not particularly limited.
- a slurry containing fine cellulose fibers described in WO2011 / 013567 is discharged onto the upper surface of an endless belt, and a dispersion medium is discharged from the discharged slurry.
- the dehydration method normally used by manufacture of paper is mentioned, After dehydrating with a long net, a circular net, a slanted wire, etc., it dehydrates with a roll press. Is preferred.
- the drying method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methods used in paper production. For example, methods such as a cylinder dryer, a Yankee dryer, hot air drying, and an infrared heater are preferable.
- the coating method is a method of obtaining a sheet by coating a fine fiber-containing slurry on a base material and drying the slurry to peel the fine fiber-containing layer formed from the base material.
- the quality of the base material is not particularly limited, but the one having higher wettability to the fine fiber-containing slurry may be able to suppress the shrinkage of the sheet during drying, but the sheet formed after drying is more easily peeled off It is preferable to select what can be done.
- a resin plate or a metal plate is preferable, but is not particularly limited. Among them, suitable ones are preferably used alone or laminated.
- resin plates such as acrylic plates, polyethylene terephthalate plates, vinyl chloride plates, polystyrene plates, polyvinylidene chloride plates, metal plates such as aluminum plates, zinc plates, copper plates, iron plates, etc., and those whose surfaces are oxidized, stainless steel
- a board, a brass board, etc. can be used, it is not specifically limited.
- various coaters that can apply a predetermined amount of slurry to the base material may be used.
- a roll coater a gravure coater, a die coater, a curtain coater, a spray coater, a blade coater, a rod coater, an air doctor coater, etc.
- a coating method such as the above is effective for uniform coating.
- the drying method is not particularly limited, and may be a non-contact drying method, a method of drying while restraining the sheet, or a combination thereof.
- the non-contact drying method is not particularly limited, but a method of drying by heating with hot air, infrared rays, far infrared rays or near infrared rays (heating drying method) or a method of drying in vacuum (vacuum drying method) is applied. Can do. Although the heat drying method and the vacuum drying method may be combined, the heat drying method is usually applied. Although drying by infrared rays, far infrared rays, or near infrared rays can be performed using an infrared device, a far infrared device, or a near infrared device, it is not particularly limited.
- the heating temperature in the heat drying method is not particularly limited, but is preferably 40 to 120 ° C, more preferably 40 to 105 ° C. If the heating temperature is at least the lower limit value, the dispersion medium can be volatilized quickly, and if it is at most the upper limit value, the cost required for heating and the discoloration due to the heat of the fine fibers can be suppressed. (Dry process added separately).
- the thickness of the fine fiber-containing sheet is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness is usually 1000 ⁇ m or less, preferably 5 to 250 ⁇ m.
- Step (d) is a step of removing all or part of the introduced substituents from the sheet obtained in step (c).
- the substituent introduced into the fine fiber contained in this sheet is removed.
- Desorption is carried out by treating the sheet obtained in step (c) with water and / or alcohol.
- Alcohols include polyhydric alcohols, and when polyhydric alcohols are used, desorption can be achieved by boiling the sheet with polyhydric alcohol and can also be accomplished by treating the sheet with polyhydric alcohol vapor. . When water and / or a low boiling alcohol is used, desorption can be achieved by treating the sheet with polyhydric alcohol vapor.
- ⁇ Polyhydric alcohol boiling method> when the substituent is eliminated in step (d), the sheet is boiled with a polyhydric alcohol.
- a polyhydric alcohol means what has two or more OH groups among alcohol.
- “OH / C ratio” means the number of OH groups per carbon (C) atom contained in a molecule.
- the OH / C ratio of ethylene glycol (C 2 H 6 O 2) is 1, and the OH of diethylene glycol (C 4 H 10 O 3).
- the / C ratio is 0.67.
- polyhydric alcohols having an OH / C ratio of 0.2 or more examples include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol), glycerin (glycerol, 1,2,3-propanetriol) , Pentanediol, octanediol, decanediol, sugar alcohol (for example, sorbitol, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, xylitol).
- the amount of polyhydric alcohol used in step (d) in the case of boiling with polyhydric alcohol is not particularly limited as long as the substituent can be sufficiently eliminated, but can be appropriately determined based on the sheet mass. it can. In the case of using any alcohol, for example, 1 to 100 parts by mass of alcohol can be used per 1 part by mass of the sheet. If the amount of alcohol used relative to 1 part by mass of the sheet is less than 1 part by mass, desorption may not be performed sufficiently.
- the temperature for performing the step (d) in the case of boiling with polyhydric alcohol is not particularly limited as long as the substituent can be sufficiently eliminated, but it can be 140 ° C. or higher, and preferably 160 ° C. or higher. 170 ° C. or higher is more preferable. However, it is preferable to select a temperature at which decomposition of the fiber raw material is suppressed, and the temperature is not particularly limited. For example, when cellulose is used as the fiber raw material, the temperature is 250 ° C. or lower, more preferably 200 ° C. or lower. Moreover, you may add additives, such as an acid or a base, in the case of a heating suitably.
- the time for performing the step (d) in the case of boiling treatment with a polyhydric alcohol is not particularly limited as long as the substituent can be sufficiently eliminated.
- the alcohol is a polyhydric alcohol having an OH / C ratio of 1.
- a certain glycerin is used and it is carried out at 180 ° C., it can be 10 to 120 minutes, preferably 15 to 90 minutes, more preferably 15 to 60 minutes. The same applies when other alcohols are used.
- Vapor may be used when the substituent is eliminated in step (d).
- the type of the vapor is not particularly limited, and it is considered that the introduced substituent can be eliminated if the vapor is a substance having an OH group.
- the vapor is preferably water vapor and / or alcohol vapor.
- alcohols include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, and t-butanol, and the polyhydric alcohols described above.
- One particularly preferred example of steam is steam.
- Water vapor is lower alcohol such as water, methanol, ethanol, propanol, etc., preferably an alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms; 3 to 6 carbon atoms such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, etc.
- the following ketones; linear or branched saturated hydrocarbons or unsaturated hydrocarbons having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene may be included.
- the treatment with steam in the step (d) is not particularly limited, but can be performed by bringing the sheet into contact with pressurized steam (pressurized saturated steam) or superheated steam.
- a conventional autoclave For the treatment with pressurized steam, for example, a conventional autoclave can be used.
- a typical autoclave has, for example, a cylindrical container and a lid that opens and closes the upper surface opening of the container.
- An exhaust port, a thermometer, and a pressure gauge are installed on the lid, and a drain valve is installed on the bottom of the container.
- a drain valve is installed on the bottom of the container.
- the treatment with pressurized steam in the step (d) can be performed within a temperature range of 100 ° C. to 250 ° C., for example. From the viewpoint of processing efficiency, it can be set to 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 120 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 140 ° C. or higher. Moreover, from a viewpoint of coloring prevention of a sheet
- the treatment pressure with pressurized steam in the step (d) is preferably 0.1 MPa or more, more preferably 0.5 MPa or more, and further preferably 0.8 MPa or more. In any case, it is preferably 30 MPa or less, more preferably 25 MPa or less, further preferably 20 MPa or less, and further preferably 18 MPa or less.
- the treatment time with pressurized steam in the step (d) depends on temperature and pressure, but can be performed until a desired desorption can be achieved. For example, it is 5 minutes or more, preferably 10 minutes or more, more preferably 30 minutes or more. In any case, the treatment time can be 24 hours or less, preferably 10 hours or less, and more preferably 3 hours or less.
- the processing time represents the time during which the heating temperature is maintained, with the time when the heating temperature is reached as 0 hours.
- the treatment with superheated steam can be performed, for example, by spraying superheated steam on the sheet.
- the superheated steam is sprayed from the nozzle to the sheet, for example, in a supply amount range of 500 g / m 3 to 600 g / m 3 .
- the temperature of the superheated steam can be controlled to 100 ° C. to 160 ° C. at 1 atmosphere, for example. In this case, the supply time of the superheated steam can be 4 seconds to 120 seconds.
- Step (d) can be performed until the introduced substituent is eliminated to the desired extent.
- the amount of the substituent after elimination is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 70% or less, preferably 50% or less, more preferably 30% or less at the time of introduction.
- a process (d) can be performed until it becomes 0.7 mmol / g or less as introduction amount of the substituent of the sheet
- the one with less substituent group content can suppress yellowing when the sheet is heated.
- the term “substituent introduction amount” refers to a value measured by fluorescent X-ray analysis unless otherwise specified. In measurement, if necessary, a sheet having a known substituent introduction amount can be prepared, and the characteristic X-ray intensity of an appropriate atom can be plotted against the substituent introduction amount to create a calibration curve. .
- the detailed measurement method can refer to the section of Examples in this specification.
- the elimination of the substituents suppresses coloring due to high-temperature treatment, and the sheet surface is inclined toward the hydrophobic side. For example, adhesion is improved when it is combined with a hydrophobic resin.
- the treatment is performed for 60 minutes to 360 minutes using high-pressure steam at 120 ° C. to 180 ° C.
- the functional group introduction amount can be desorbed to 0.3 mmol / g or less without impairing the appearance of the sheet.
- Patent Document 9 relates to heat treatment of oxidized cellulose in the presence of water as a solvent, but it is described that the solvent can be supplied not only as a liquid but also as a vapor. However, this technique is not intended for elimination of substituents. In the treatment here, it is considered that the carboxyl group that mainly entered the amorphous part of cellulose is only eluted with high-temperature water. Even when the oxidized cellulose is actually heat-treated in the presence of water, it is considered that the substituents are hardly detached. Further, the heat treatment of Patent Document 9 is different from the present invention in that the heat treatment is not performed at the stage after forming into a sheet but at the stage of fibers before forming into a sheet.
- a phosphate group is introduced as a substituent having electrostatic and / or steric functionality in the fiber raw material.
- a step of changing the degree of neutralization of the substituent-introduced fiber or the substituent-introduced fine fiber may be included.
- the neutralization degree is usually 2 (also referred to as neutralization degree 100%).
- neutralization degree 100% the state of neutralization degree 2 (neutralization degree 100%) after introduction is cellulose. It is represented as —O—P ( ⁇ O) (— O—Na +) (—O—Na +).
- neutralization degree of 100% the pH inside the sheet is slightly on the alkali side, so decomposition occurs from the cellulose terminal under high temperature and high humidity, which is one of the coloring factors.
- a monosaccharide can be generated.
- neutralization degree 0 neutralization degree 0%
- cellulose-OP ⁇ O
- —O—H + —O—H +
- the electron pair on the hydroxyl group of the alcohol is easily nucleophilic attacked on the phosphoric acid group phosphorus.
- neutralization degree 2 neutralization degree 100%
- the phosphoric acid group has a strong negative charge and is difficult to nucleophilic attack.
- neutralization degree 0 neutralization degree 0%
- cellulose-OP ⁇ O
- O—H + —O—H +
- the neutralization degree change is not limited to the phosphoric acid group but can be carried out in the same manner by introducing a carboxyl group showing weak acidity.
- the degree of neutralization is changed from cellulose-O—COO ⁇ Na + to cellulose-O—COO ⁇ H + , sufficient repulsion of the charge for stable dispersion of the nanofibers in water cannot be obtained.
- gelation occurs (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-001626), it becomes impossible to maintain transparency during sheet formation.
- the pKa is lower than the carboxyl group that shows weak acidity. Therefore, aggregation and gelation are less likely to occur due to a change in the degree of neutralization, and the sheet that effectively suppresses coloring while maintaining transparency. can get.
- the means for changing the degree of neutralization in the step (e) is not particularly limited.
- a fine fiber having a degree of neutralization 2 (neutralization degree 100%) is made into a suspension and subjected to ion exchange treatment.
- the ion exchange treatment is preferable in that the desired effect can be sufficiently obtained and the operation is simple.
- a cation exchange resin is used.
- H + ion is usually used.
- fine fibers having various neutralization degrees between 0 (neutralization degree 0%) and 2 (neutralization degree 100%) can be obtained.
- both strongly acidic ion exchange resins and weakly acidic ion exchange resins can be used, but it is preferable to use strongly acidic ion exchange resins.
- a styrene resin or an acrylic resin into which a sulfonic acid group or a carboxy group is introduced can be used.
- the shape of the ion exchange resin is not particularly limited, and various types such as fine particles (particles), membranes, fibers, and liquids can be used. From the viewpoint of efficiently treating the fine fibers with the suspension. Is preferably granular.
- AmberJet 1020, 1024, 1060, 1220 examples include commercially available AmberJet 1020, 1024, 1060, 1220 (organo Corporation), Amberlite IR-200C, IR-120B (Tokyo Organic Chemical Co., Ltd.), Examples include Lebatit SP 112, S100 (manufactured by Bayer), GEL0CK08P (Mitsubishi Chemical), Dowex 50W-X8 (Dow Chemical).
- a granular ion exchange resin and a fiber suspension (slurry) are mixed, and the ion exchange resin and fine fibers are brought into contact with each other for a certain period of time while stirring and shaking as necessary. Thereafter, the ion exchange resin and the slurry are separated.
- the concentration of the fiber suspension (slurry) and the ratio with the ion exchange resin are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can appropriately select from the viewpoint of efficiently performing ion exchange. Can design. It is good also as a density
- a strongly acidic ion exchange resin having an apparent density of 800 to 830 g / LR, a water holding capacity of 36 to 55%, and a total exchange capacity of 1.8 eq / LR is used.
- 1/50 to 1/5 ion exchange resin can be used for the slurry volume of 1.
- the processing time is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can appropriately design from the viewpoint of efficiently performing ion exchange.
- the treatment can be performed over 0.25 to 4 hours.
- Step (e) can be performed until the degree of neutralization is changed to a desired level.
- the neutralization degree is adjusted by mixing fibers with a neutralization degree of 2 (100% neutralization degree) and fibers with a neutralization degree of 0 (neutralization degree of 0%) in an appropriate ratio. May be.
- the neutralization degree can be 0 (neutralization degree 0%) to 2 (neutralization degree 100%), 0.3 (neutralization degree 15%) to 2 (neutralization degree) Degree (neutralization degree 15%) to 1.7 (neutralization degree 85%).
- a washing step may be performed between the steps, before the step (a), or after the step (d) as necessary.
- a foreign substance removing step may be adopted before the step (b), and a purification step such as centrifugation may be adopted after the step (b), but there is no particular limitation.
- the desalting step is preferable in that the purity of the fine fibers is increased.
- a means is not specifically limited, The washing
- a water washing step is performed after step (d).
- the fine fiber-containing sheet in which the degree of neutralization of the introduced phosphate group, which can be obtained by the production method including the step (e), is adjusted, has high transparency and little yellowing.
- Such fine fibers and fine fiber-containing sheets are also novel.
- the term “manufactured fine fiber-containing sheet” in the method refers to not only a sheet manufactured by the manufacturing method but also a sheet manufactured by the manufacturing method. Includes sheets having the same structure.
- the novel fine fiber-containing sheet provided by one aspect of the present invention is an average fiber in which at least one selected from the group consisting of a group derived from phosphoric acid, a group derived from carboxylic acid, and a group derived from sulfuric acid is introduced Contains fine cellulose fibers having a width of 2 to 1000 nm.
- the amount of at least one selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid-derived group, a carboxylic acid-derived group and a sulfuric acid-derived group in such a sheet is 0.7 mmol / g or less, preferably 0.5 mmol. / G or less, more preferably 0.1 mmol / g or less, still more preferably 0.047 mmol / g or less.
- the lower limit of the introduction amount of at least one selected from the group consisting of a group derived from phosphoric acid, a group derived from carboxylic acid and a group derived from sulfuric acid is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 0.01 mmol / g or more. Regardless of the amount of at least one selected from the group consisting of a group derived from phosphoric acid, a group derived from carboxylic acid and a group derived from sulfuric acid, the total light transmittance of the sheet itself is 88.5. % Or more, preferably 89.7% or more, and more preferably 90.0% or more.
- the novel fine fiber and the fine fiber-containing sheet provided by one embodiment of the present invention have a mean fiber width of 2 to 1000 nm in which phosphate groups are introduced and the degree of neutralization is changed.
- the amount of phosphate groups introduced into such fine fibers or sheets is 2.0 mmol / g or less, preferably 1.75 mmol / g or less, more preferably 1.6 mmol / g or less, even more preferably. Is 1.4 mmol / g or less.
- the lower limit of the introduction amount of the phosphate group is not particularly limited, but can be 0.1 mmol / g or more, 0.2 mmol / g or more, 0.4 mmol / g or more, and 0.
- the total light transmittance of the sheet itself is 88.5% or more, preferably 89.7% or more, and 90.0% or more. It is more preferable.
- the novel fine fiber-containing sheet provided by one embodiment of the present invention has high total light transmittance and suppressed yellowing.
- the total light transmittance includes, for example, fine cellulose fibers having a fine fiber average fiber width of 2 to 50 nm, and includes a group derived from phosphoric acid, a group derived from carboxylic acid, and a group derived from sulfuric acid.
- the selected introduction amount of at least one kind is 0.01 to 0.1 mmol / g
- the total light transmittance can be 85% or more, preferably 90% or more.
- seat at 200 degreeC under a vacuum for 4 hours can be 30 or less.
- the yellowing degree is preferably 27 or less, more preferably 9 or less, and further preferably 5 or less.
- the term “yellowing” refers to a value when the E313 yellow index is measured using a spectrophotometer in accordance with ASTM standard, unless otherwise specified.
- the total light transmittance means a value when measured according to JIS standard K7105, unless otherwise specified. Using a haze meter, it can be measured as the total light transmittance by C light. Yellowing and total light transmittance are measured not only for the fine fiber-containing sheet but also for the resin composite described later. The preferred ranges for yellowing and total light transmittance described above also apply for resin composites.
- the fine fiber-containing sheet provided by the present invention may be laminated with an inorganic layer and an organic layer in order to impart water resistance (water resistance, moisture resistance, water repellency).
- the fine fiber-containing sheet provided by the present invention is suppressed in yellowing because it is subjected to a substituent elimination treatment. Therefore, when laminating, a heating process or UV irradiation that promotes yellowing is usually used. A process may be included and various means can be taken.
- the composite sheet obtained by laminating preferably includes at least one inorganic layer and at least one organic layer formed on at least one side of the base sheet layer made of the fine fiber-containing sheet.
- the order is not particularly limited, but first laminating the organic layer on the surface of the base sheet smoothes the surface for forming the inorganic layer, and the formed inorganic layer Is preferable in that it can have fewer defects.
- other constituent layers other than the organic layer and the inorganic layer for example, an easy adhesion layer for facilitating adhesion of the upper layer may be included.
- the number of layers such as inorganic layers and organic layers is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of sufficient moisture resistance while maintaining flexibility and transparency, for example, it is preferable to laminate two to fifteen layers alternately with inorganic layers and organic layers on one side, for example, three to seven layers. More preferably, the layers are laminated.
- an inorganic layer is formed on at least one side of the base sheet layer.
- the inorganic layer may be formed only on one side of the base sheet layer, or may be formed on both sides. Further, it may be formed in contact with the base sheet layer, or may be formed by sandwiching another layer, for example, an organic layer described later, between the base sheet layer.
- the inorganic layer should just be formed at least 1 layer, and may be laminated
- the material constituting the inorganic layer is not particularly limited, but for example, aluminum, silicon, magnesium, zinc, tin, nickel, titanium; these oxides, carbides, nitrides, oxycarbides, oxynitrides, or oxycarbonitrides Or a mixture thereof. From the viewpoint that high moisture resistance can be stably maintained, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide carbide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbonitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide carbide, aluminum oxynitride, or these Mixtures are preferred.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- PVD physical deposition
- Specific examples of the CVD method include plasma CVD using plasma, and catalytic chemical vapor deposition (Cat-CVD) in which a material gas is contact pyrolyzed using a heating catalyst.
- Specific examples of the PVD method include vacuum deposition, ion plating, and sputtering.
- atomic layer deposition forms a thin film in units of atomic layers by alternately supplying source gases of respective elements constituting the film to be formed to the surface on which the layers are to be formed. It is a method to do. Although there is a drawback that the film forming speed is slow, there is an advantage that it is possible to form a thin film with few defects because it can cleanly cover even a complicated surface more than the plasma CVD method. In addition, the ALD method has an advantage that the film thickness can be controlled on the nano order and it is relatively easy to cover a wide surface. Furthermore, the ALD method can be expected to improve the reaction rate, lower the temperature, and reduce the unreacted gas by using plasma.
- the CVD method is preferable and the ALD method is more preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining a uniform thin film having high gas barrier properties.
- the base sheet layer has undergone the neutralization treatment in step (e) or the desorption treatment in step (d), yellowing under high temperature and high humidity is suppressed.
- TMA trimethylaluminum
- H2O is used for the oxidation of TMA
- the chamber temperature is set to 120 to It can be set to 170 ° C.
- the TMA pulse time can be 0.05 to 2 seconds, the purge time 1 to 10 seconds, the H 2 O pulse time 0.05 to 2 seconds, and the purge time 1 to 10 seconds.
- the thickness of the inorganic layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more, and even more preferably 20 nm or more for the expression of stable moistureproof performance. From the viewpoint of transparency and flexibility, the thickness of the inorganic layer is preferably 1000 nm or less, more preferably 800 nm or less, and even more preferably 600 nm or less. In addition, regarding the inorganic layer of the composite sheet of the present invention, the thickness refers to the thickness of each inorganic layer, unless otherwise specified, when providing a plurality of inorganic layers.
- the composite sheet which is one embodiment of the present invention may include an organic layer in addition to the base sheet layer and the inorganic layer.
- the organic layer may be formed only on one side of the base sheet layer, or may be formed on both sides. Moreover, you may form in contact with a base material sheet layer, and may form it by pinching
- the organic layer may be a single layer or may be laminated as a plurality of layers.
- the organic layer can be formed by, for example, laminating a matrix resin after subjecting the base sheet layer to chemical modification treatment or hydrophobic treatment as necessary. Since the base sheet layer of the present invention is subjected to substituent elimination treatment and the like, yellowing at a high temperature is suppressed. Therefore, when forming an organic layer, heating that promotes yellowing is usually performed. A process and a UV irradiation process may be included, and various means can be taken.
- the matrix resin is not particularly limited. Irradiation of thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin (cured product obtained by polymerizing and curing a thermosetting resin precursor by heating), or photocurable resin (precursor of photocurable resin is radiation (ultraviolet rays, electron beam, etc.)) Can be used. These may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- the thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include styrene resins, acrylic resins, aromatic polycarbonate resins, aliphatic polycarbonate resins, aromatic polyester resins, aliphatic polyester resins, and aliphatic polyolefin resins.
- a cyclic olefin resin, a polyamide resin, a polyphenylene ether resin, a thermoplastic polyimide resin, a polyacetal resin, a polysulfone resin, an amorphous fluorine resin, or the like can be given.
- thermosetting resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, an oxetane resin, a phenol resin, a urea resin, and a melamine resin. Moreover, unsaturated polyester resin, silicon resin, polyurethane resin, silsesquioxane resin, diallyl phthalate resin, or the like can be given.
- the photocurable resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the epoxy resin, acrylic resin, silsesquioxane resin, or oxetane resin exemplified as the above-mentioned thermosetting resin.
- thermoplastic resin thermosetting resin
- photocurable resin examples include those described in JP-A-2009-299043.
- the matrix resin is preferably an amorphous synthetic polymer having a high glass transition temperature (Tg) from the viewpoint of obtaining a composite having excellent transparency and high durability.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the degree of amorphousness is preferably 10% or less in crystallinity, particularly preferably 5% or less.
- Tg is preferably 110 ° C. or higher, particularly 120 ° C. or higher, particularly 130 ° C. or higher. If the Tg is low, for example, there is a risk of deformation when touched with hot water or the like, which causes a practical problem.
- the Tg of the matrix resin is obtained by measurement by the DSC method, and the crystallinity can be calculated from the density of the amorphous part and the crystalline part.
- the matrix resin preferably has a small number of hydrophilic functional groups such as hydroxy groups, carboxyl groups, or amino groups.
- silsesquioxane resin in a particularly preferable embodiment as a composite sheet in which organic layers are laminated, polysilsesquioxane obtained by crosslinking and curing a silsesquioxane resin is used as a matrix resin.
- silsesquioxane resins examples include OX-SQ TX-100, OX-SQ SI-20, OX-SQ ME-20, OX-SQ HDX, and AC-SQ TA. -100.
- MAC-SQ TM-100, AC-SQ SI-20, MAC-SQ SI-20, MAC-SQ HDM ( As mentioned above, Toagosei), Composelan SQ series (Arakawa Chemical Industries) can be mentioned.
- a thiol group-containing silsesquioxane compound For crosslinking of the silsesquioxane resin, a thiol group-containing silsesquioxane compound can be used.
- a commercially available thiol group-containing silsesquioxane compound that can be used in the present embodiment for example, Composelan HBSQ series (Arakawa Chemical Industries) can be mentioned.
- a urethane acrylate resin composition that is rapidly three-dimensionally cured by radical polymerization by irradiating an electron beam or ultraviolet rays may be used as the matrix resin.
- examples of commercially available urethane acrylate resins that can be used in this embodiment include Beam Set 575CB (Arakawa Chemical Industries).
- Beam Set 575CB Arakawa Chemical Industries
- methyl ethyl ketone can be used. Since the formed resin layer has good chemical resistance and surface curability, it is suitable for further laminating on the inorganic layer to form a composite sheet having a large surface hardness.
- the thickness of an organic layer is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is sufficient to give moisture resistance to a base material sheet layer, and it is a grade which does not impair the advantage which is a low linear thermal expansion of a sheet
- the thickness may be about 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, may be 0.1 to 30 ⁇ m, may be 0.2 to 20 ⁇ m, or may be 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the organic layer of the composite sheet of the present invention when referring to the thickness, when a plurality of Yuki layers are provided, the thickness of each organic layer is indicated unless otherwise specified.
- thermoplastic resin sheet and a base sheet layer are alternately arranged and adhered with a hot press or the like.
- B One or more selected from a liquid thermoplastic resin precursor, a thermosetting resin precursor, and a photocurable resin precursor on one side or both sides of the inorganic layer laminated on the base material sheet or the base material sheet A method of applying and curing the polymer.
- C A method of applying a resin solution to one side or both sides of an inorganic layer laminated on the substrate sheet or removing the solvent, and polymerizing and curing as desired.
- the resin solution is a solution containing one or more solutes selected from a thermoplastic resin, a thermoplastic resin precursor, a thermosetting resin precursor, and a photocurable resin precursor.
- thermoplastic resin film or sheet is placed on one or both sides of the base sheet or the inorganic layer laminated on the base sheet, and heated or pressed as desired.
- the method of bonding a plastic resin and a base material sheet layer is mentioned.
- an adhesive or a primer may be applied to the surface of the base sheet layer and bonded.
- a method of passing between two pressurized rolls or a method of pressing in a vacuum state can be used so that bubbles are not embraced at the time of bonding.
- adhere are mentioned.
- regulated the photoinitiator to one side or both surfaces of a base material sheet layer, and irradiating with radiations, such as an ultraviolet-ray is mentioned.
- the base sheet layer may be further laminated and then cured, and then cured.
- Examples of the method (C) include a method in which a resin solution in which a resin soluble in a solvent is dissolved is prepared, applied to one or both sides of the base sheet layer, and the solvent is removed by heating.
- a resin solution in which a resin soluble in a solvent is dissolved is prepared, applied to one or both sides of the base sheet layer, and the solvent is removed by heating.
- a photo-curing resin polymerization curing by radiation or the like is further performed as desired. What is necessary is just to select as a solvent which melt
- thermoplastic resin precursor thermosetting resin precursor, and photocurable resin precursor
- a chain transfer agent an ultraviolet absorber, a filler other than cellulose, or a silane coupling agent is appropriately blended.
- curable composition a composition (hereinafter referred to as “curable composition”).
- the reaction can proceed uniformly.
- a chain transfer agent for example, a polyfunctional mercaptan compound having two or more thiol groups in the molecule can be used.
- the mercaptan compound is not particularly limited. For example, pentaerythritol tetrakis ( ⁇ -thiopropionate), trimethylolpropane tris ( ⁇ -thiopropionate), tris [2- ( ⁇ -thiopropionyloxyethoxy) ethyl] triisocyanurate, and the like can be given. One or more of these are preferably used.
- the chain transfer agent is usually contained in a proportion of 30% by mass or less with respect to the total of radically polymerizable compounds in the curable composition.
- the curable composition contains an ultraviolet absorber
- coloring can be prevented.
- an ultraviolet absorber it selects from a benzophenone series ultraviolet absorber and a benzotriazole type ultraviolet absorber, for example,
- the ultraviolet absorber may use 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- the ultraviolet absorber is usually contained at a ratio of 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of radically polymerizable compounds in the curable composition. .
- the filler is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include inorganic particles and organic polymers. Specific examples include inorganic particles such as silica particles, titania particles, or alumina particles. In addition, transparent cycloolefin polymer particles such as Zeonex (Nippon Zeon) and Arton (JSR), or general-purpose thermoplastic polymer particles such as polycarbonate and polymethylmethacrylate may be used. Among these, use of nano-sized silica particles is preferable because transparency can be maintained. In addition, when polymer particles having a structure similar to that of the ultraviolet curable monomer are used as the filler, the polymer can be dissolved to a high concentration, which is preferable.
- the silane coupling agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ⁇ -((meth) acryloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane and ⁇ -((meth) acryloxypropyl) methyldimethoxysilane. Further, ⁇ -((meth) acryloxypropyl) methyldiethoxysilane ⁇ -((meth) acryloxypropyl) triethoxysilane, ⁇ - (acryloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane, and the like can be given. These have a (meth) acryl group in the molecule and are preferable because they can be copolymerized with other monomers.
- the silane coupling agent is usually 0.1 to 50% by mass, preferably 1 to 20%, based on the total of radically polymerizable compounds in the curable composition. It is made to contain so that it may become mass%. If the blending amount is too small, the effect of containing it is not sufficiently obtained, and if it is too large, optical properties such as transparency of the cured product may be impaired.
- the curable composition can be polymerized and cured by a known curing method to obtain a cured product.
- the curing method include heat curing and radiation curing, and radiation curing is preferable.
- the radiation include infrared rays, visible rays, ultraviolet rays, electron beams, and the like, but light that is an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of 1 to 1000 nm is preferable. More preferred is an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of about 200 to 450 nm, and even more preferred is an ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm.
- thermo polymerization a method in which a thermal polymerization initiator that generates radicals and acids by heating is added to the curable composition in advance and polymerized by heating
- a photopolymerization initiator that generates radicals and acids by radiation such as ultraviolet rays is added to the curable composition in advance and polymerized by irradiation with radiation (preferably light) (hereinafter referred to as “light”).
- light preferably light
- polymerization a method in which both a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization initiator are added in advance and polymerized by a combination of heat and light.
- the amount of radiation to be irradiated is arbitrary as long as the photopolymerization initiator is in a range that generates radicals.
- the amount is extremely small, the polymerization becomes incomplete, and the heat resistance or mechanical properties of the cured product are not sufficiently exhibited.
- the amount is excessive, the cured product is deteriorated by light such as yellowing. . Therefore, depending on the monomer composition and the type and amount of the photopolymerization initiator, 300 to 450 nm ultraviolet light is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 200 J / cm 2 , more preferably in the range of 1 to 20 J / cm 2 . Irradiate with.
- the lamp used for radiation irradiation include a metal halide lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, an ultraviolet LED lamp, and an electrodeless mercury lamp.
- Photopolymerization and thermal polymerization may be performed at the same time in order to quickly complete the polymerization and curing.
- the curable composition is heated at a temperature in the range of 30 to 300 ° C. at the same time as the irradiation with radiation to be cured.
- a thermal polymerization initiator may be added to the curable composition in order to complete the polymerization, but when added in a large amount, the birefringence of the cured product is increased and the hue is deteriorated. Therefore, the addition amount of the thermal polymerization initiator is preferably 0.1 to 2% by mass, and more preferably 0.3 to 1% by mass with respect to the total of the curable monomer components.
- thermal polymerization initiator used for thermal polymerization examples include hydroperoxide, dialkyl peroxide, peroxyester, diacyl peroxide, peroxycarbonate, peroxyketal, and ketone peroxide.
- hydroperoxide dialkyl peroxide, peroxyester, diacyl peroxide, peroxycarbonate, peroxyketal, and ketone peroxide.
- the thermal polymerization initiator preferably has a 1 minute half-life temperature of 120 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower.
- photopolymerization initiator used for photopolymerization a photoradical generator or a photocationic polymerization initiator is usually used.
- a photoinitiator may be used independently or may use 2 or more types together.
- photoradical generator known compounds that can be used for this purpose can be used.
- examples include benzophenone, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin propyl ether, diethoxyacetophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2,6-dimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, or 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide. .
- benzophenone or 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide is preferable.
- the photocationic polymerization initiator is a compound that initiates cationic polymerization by irradiation with radiation such as ultraviolet rays or electron beams, and includes the following.
- aromatic sulfonium salts include bis [4- (diphenylsulfonio) phenyl] sulfide bishexafluorophosphate, bis [4- (diphenylsulfonio) phenyl] sulfide bishexafluoroantimonate, bis [4- (diphenylsulfone).
- Nio) phenyl] sulfide bishexafluoroborate bis [4- (diphenylsulfonio) phenyl] sulfide tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, diphenyl-4- (phenylthio) phenylsulfonium hexafluoro, diphenyl-4- (phenylthio) ) Phenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, diphenyl-4- (phenylthio) phenylsulfonium tetrafluoroborate, diphenyl-4- (phenylthio) phenyl Rufonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, triphenylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate, triphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, triphenylsulfonium te
- Aromatic iodonium salts include diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, diphenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate, diphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate, diphenyliodonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, bis (dodecylphenyl) iodonium hexafluoroantimonate, bis (dodecyl) Phenyl) iodonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, 4-methylphenyl-4- (1-methylethyl) phenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate, 4-methylphenyl-4- (1-methylethyl) phenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate, 4-methylphenyl-4- (1-methylethyl) phenyliodonium hexaflu
- aromatic diazonium salt examples include phenyldiazonium hexafluorophosphate, phenyldiazonium hexafluoroantimonate, diphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate, diphenyliodonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, and the like.
- Aromatic ammonium salts include 1-benzyl-2-cyanopyridinium hexafluorophosphate, 1-benzyl-2-cyanopyridinium hexafluoroantimonate, 1-benzyl-2-cyanopyridinium tetrafluoroborate, 1-benzyl-2- Cyanopyridinium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, 1- (naphthylmethyl) -2-cyanopyridinium hexafluorophosphate, 1- (naphthylmethyl) -2-cyanopyridinium hexafluoroantimonate, 1- (naphthylmethyl) -2- Examples thereof include cyanopyridinium tetrafluoroborate and 1- (naphthylmethyl) -2-cyanopyridinium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate.
- (2,4-Cyclopentadien-1-yl) [(1-methylethyl) benzene] -iron salt includes (2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl) [(1-methylethyl) benzene] -iron.
- UVI6990 UVI6979 manufactured by Union Carbide
- SP-150 SP-170
- SP-172 manufactured by ADEKA
- Irgacure 261 manufactured by Ciba Geigy
- Irgacure 250 Rhodia SILPI PI2074, JMF-2456 manufactured by Rhodia
- Sun Aid SI-60L SI-80L
- SI-100L SI-110L
- SI-180L SI-100L manufactured by Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- a curing agent for curing the cationic polymerizable monomer may be added.
- the curing agent include amine compounds, compounds such as polyaminoamide compounds synthesized from amine compounds, tertiary amine compounds, imidazole compounds, hydrazide compounds, melamine compounds, acid anhydrides, phenol compounds, thermal latent cationic polymerization catalysts. Or dicyanamide and derivatives thereof. These hardening
- curing agents may be used independently and 2 or more types may be used together.
- Adeka Opton® CP-66 or CP-77 manufactured by ADEKA Corporation
- Sun Aid® SI-15 SI-20, SI-25, SI-40, SI -45, SI-47, SI-60, SI-80, SI-100, SI-100L, SI-110L, SI-145, SI-150, SI-160, or SI-180L (Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. )).
- a photosensitizer can be added.
- Specific examples include pyrene, perylene, acridine orange, thioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, and benzoflavin.
- Examples of commercially available photosensitizers include Adekapitomer SP-100 (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation).
- the component amount of the photopolymerization initiator is preferably 0.001 part by mass or more and 0.01 part by mass or more when the total amount of polymerizable compounds in the curable composition is 100 parts by mass. Is more preferably 0.05 parts by mass or more.
- the amount of the photopolymerization initiator component is preferably 5 parts by mass or less, more preferably 2 parts by mass or less, and further preferably 0.1 parts by mass or less. That is, the range of the component amount of the photopolymerization initiator is preferably 0.001 to 5 parts by mass, and 0.01 to 2 parts by mass when the total amount of polymerizable compounds in the curable composition is 100 parts by mass. Part is more preferable, and 0.05 to 0.1 part by mass is further preferable.
- a photoinitiator is a photocationic polymerization initiator
- it is 0.01 mass part or more with respect to 100 mass parts of total amounts of a cation polymerizable monomer.
- it is 0.1 mass part or more, More preferably, it is 0.5 mass part or more, Usually, 10 mass parts or less, Preferably it is 5 mass parts or less, More preferably, it is 1 mass part or less.
- the component amount of the photopolymerization initiator ranges from 0.01 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the cationic polymerizable monomer. Is preferred.
- 0.1 to 5 parts by mass is more preferable, and 0.5 to 1 part by mass is further preferable.
- the addition amount of the photopolymerization initiator is too large, the polymerization proceeds rapidly, not only increasing the birefringence of the resulting cured product but also deteriorating the hue.
- the concentration of the photopolymerization initiator is 5 parts by mass, absorption of the photopolymerization initiator causes light to not reach the side opposite to the irradiation of ultraviolet rays, resulting in an uncured part. Further, it is colored yellow and the hue is markedly deteriorated.
- the amount is too small, the polymerization may not proceed sufficiently even if ultraviolet irradiation is performed.
- the base sheet layer can be subjected to a chemical modification treatment before the matrix resin is laminated in order to improve the adhesion with the resin.
- the chemical modification is to add a functional group including a structure possessed by the chemical modifier by reacting the hydroxyl group in cellulose with the chemical modifier.
- the modification method is not particularly limited, and there is a method of reacting cellulose fibers with the following chemical modifiers. Although there are no particular limitations on the reaction conditions, a solvent, a catalyst, or the like can be used, or heating, decompression, or the like can be performed as desired.
- the type of chemical modifier is one or two selected from the group consisting of cyclic ethers such as acids, acid anhydrides, alcohols, halogenating reagents, isocyanates, alkoxysilanes, alkoxysiloxanes, silazanes, and oxiranes (epoxies).
- cyclic ethers such as acids, acid anhydrides, alcohols, halogenating reagents, isocyanates, alkoxysilanes, alkoxysiloxanes, silazanes, and oxiranes (epoxies).
- Examples of the acid include acetic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, 2-butanoic acid, and pentanoic acid.
- Examples of the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, acrylic anhydride, methacrylic anhydride, propanoic anhydride, butanoic anhydride, 2-butanoic anhydride, and pentanoic anhydride.
- halogenating reagent examples include acetyl halide, acryloyl halide, methacryloyl halide, propanoyl halide, butanoyl halide, 2-butanoyl halide, pentanoyl halide, benzoyl halide, naphthoyl halide, and the like.
- the alcohol examples include methanol, ethanol, propanol, 2-propanol and the like.
- isocyanate examples include methyl isocyanate, ethyl isocyanate, propyl isocyanate, and the like.
- alkoxysilane examples include methoxysilane and ethoxysilane.
- alkoxysiloxane examples include butoxypolydimethylsiloxane.
- silazane examples include hexamethyldisilazane, tetramethyldisilazane, diphenyltetramethyldisilazane, and the like.
- cyclic ethers such as oxirane (epoxy) include ethyl oxirane and ethyl oxetane.
- acetic anhydride, acrylic anhydride, methacrylic anhydride, benzoyl halide, naphthoyl halide, methoxysilane, or hexamethyldisilazane is particularly preferable.
- These chemical modifiers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the catalyst it is preferable to use a basic catalyst such as pyridine, triethylamine, sodium hydroxide or sodium acetate, or an acidic catalyst such as acetic acid, sulfuric acid or perchloric acid.
- a basic catalyst such as pyridine, triethylamine, sodium hydroxide or sodium acetate
- an acidic catalyst such as acetic acid, sulfuric acid or perchloric acid.
- the temperature condition for the chemical modification is preferably 10 to 250 ° C. because if the temperature is too high, yellowing of the cellulose and the degree of polymerization may be reduced, and if it is too low, the reaction rate decreases.
- the reaction time depends on the chemical modifier and the chemical modification rate, it is usually from several minutes to several tens of hours.
- the chemical modification rate of cellulose is usually 65 mol% or less, preferably 50 mol% or less, more preferably 40 mol% or less, based on the total hydroxy groups of cellulose.
- the chemical modification rate By performing chemical modification, the decomposition temperature of cellulose increases and the heat resistance increases, but if the chemical modification rate is too high, the cellulose structure is destroyed and the crystallinity is lowered. The thermal expansion coefficient tends to increase, which is not preferable.
- the chemical modification rate as used herein refers to the proportion of all hydroxy groups in cellulose that have been chemically modified.
- the chemical modification rate can be determined by IR, NMR, titration method or the like.
- the chemical modification rate of the cellulose ester by the titration method can be determined according to the description in the aforementioned Patent Document 4.
- the base sheet layer is chemically modified, it is preferable that the base sheet layer is sufficiently washed after the chemical modification to terminate the reaction. If the unreacted chemical modifier remains, it is not preferable because it causes coloring later or becomes a problem when it is combined with the resin. In addition, after washing sufficiently, it is preferable to further replace with an organic solvent such as alcohol. In this case, the substrate sheet layer can be easily replaced by immersing it in an organic solvent such as alcohol.
- the base sheet layer is usually dried after the chemical modification.
- This drying may be air drying, vacuum drying, pressure drying, or heat drying.
- the temperature is preferably 50 ° C or higher, more preferably 80 ° C or higher, 250 ° C or lower is more preferable, and 150 ° C or lower is more preferable. That is, the temperature range when heating during drying is preferably 50 to 250 ° C, more preferably 80 to 150 ° C. If the heating temperature is too low, drying may take time or drying may be insufficient, and if the heating temperature is too high, the base sheet layer may be colored or decomposed.
- the pressure is preferably 0.01 MPa or more, more preferably 0.1 MPa or more, and preferably 5 MPa or less, more preferably 1 MPa or less. That is, the pressure (gauge pressure) in the case of pressurization is preferably 0.01 to 5 MPa, more preferably 0.1 to 1 MPa. If the pressure is too low, drying may be insufficient, and if the pressure is too high, the base sheet layer may be crushed or decomposed.
- the composite sheet obtained by the present invention can have desirable characteristics as an optical material, such as total light transmittance, haze, yellowness, linear thermal expansion coefficient, and water vapor transmittance. The measurement method and preferred range of these characteristics will be described below.
- the total light transmittance (%) refers to a value measured by C light using a haze meter in accordance with JIS standard K7105, unless otherwise specified.
- the total light transmittance can be 80% or more in the composite sheet having flexibility, low linear thermal expansion coefficient, and moisture resistance. In a preferred embodiment, it can be 82% or more, in a more preferred embodiment, 85% or more, and in a more preferred embodiment, 90% or more.
- the haze value refers to a value measured by C light using a haze meter in accordance with JIS standard K7136 unless otherwise specified.
- Haze is an index relating to the transparency of the sheet, and represents turbidity (cloudiness). It is obtained from the ratio of diffusely transmitted light to total light transmitted, and can be affected by surface roughness.
- the haze value can be made 2 or less in the composite sheet having flexibility, low linear thermal expansion coefficient, and further moisture resistance. In a preferred embodiment, it can be made 1.2 or less, and in a more preferred embodiment, it can be made 1.0 or less.
- Yellowness when it is referred to as yellowness, unless otherwise specified, the target sheet conforms to the ASTM standard, and the E313 yellow index (YI) is a value obtained by an appropriate spectrophotometer (Spectro Eye). . Yellowness can be determined by measuring the temperature before and after heating at 200 ° C. under vacuum for 4 hours, and determining the difference between them.
- the yellowness (YI) after heating can be 23 or less. In a preferred embodiment, it can be 12 or less, and in a more preferred embodiment, it can be 8 or less. Moreover, by using the composite sheet of the present invention, the change in yellowness ( ⁇ YI) before and after heating can be reduced to 17 or less. In a preferred embodiment, it can be 5 or less, and in a more preferred embodiment, it can be 3 or less.
- linear thermal expansion coefficient refers to a value obtained as follows, unless otherwise specified.
- the target sheet is cut into 3 mm width ⁇ 30 mm length by a laser cutter. This was measured at 5 ° C./min. From room temperature to 180 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere at 20 mm between chucks, 10 g load. At 180 ° C. to 25 ° C. at 5 ° C./min. At 25 ° C to 180 ° C, 5 ° C / min. Raise the temperature.
- a linear thermal expansion coefficient is calculated
- the linear thermal expansion coefficient can be made 18 or less by using the composite sheet having the configuration of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment, it can be 15 or less, and in a more preferred embodiment, it can be 10 or less.
- humidity expansion coefficient refers to a value obtained under the conditions described in the Examples section of the present specification, using an appropriate humidity expansion / contraction measurement device, unless otherwise specified.
- the humidity expansion coefficient can be 50 or less in the composite sheet having high transparency, flexibility, and low linear thermal expansion coefficient. In a preferred embodiment, it can be 40 or less, and in a more preferred embodiment, it can be 20 or less.
- Water vapor transmission rate when it is referred to as water vapor transmission rate (g / m 2 ⁇ day), a temperature of 40 ° C. and 90% is used in accordance with JIS standard K7129, unless otherwise specified, using an appropriate water vapor transmission rate measuring device. The value when measured in an RH atmosphere.
- the water vapor permeability can be 800 g / m 2 ⁇ day or less in the composite sheet having high transparency, flexibility, and low linear thermal expansion coefficient. In a preferred embodiment, it can be 400 g / m 2 ⁇ day or less, and in a more preferred embodiment, it can be 200 g / m 2 ⁇ day or less.
- a composite sheet with reduced yellowing and improved moisture resistance can be obtained while utilizing the characteristics of the fine fiber-containing sheet having transparency, high elastic modulus, and low latent thermal expansion coefficient.
- Such a composite sheet is excellent in optical properties, and is therefore suitable for use as a display element, a lighting element, a solar cell or window material, or a panel or substrate for these.
- the composite sheet is suitable for use as a flexible display, a touch panel, a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an organic EL display, a field emission display, a rear projection television display, or an LED element.
- the composite sheet is suitable for use as a substrate for solar cells such as silicon solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells.
- solar cells such as silicon solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells.
- a substrate it may be laminated with a barrier film, ITO, TFT or the like.
- a window material you may laminate
- the composite sheet can be used as a structural material for applications other than transparent materials, taking advantage of characteristics such as low linear expansion coefficient, high elasticity, high strength, and light weight.
- Especially suitable for automobiles such as glazing, interior materials, skins, bumpers, railway vehicles, aircraft materials, personal computer casings, home appliance parts, packaging materials, building materials, civil engineering materials, marine products, and other industrial materials. Can be used.
- the composite sheet provided in the embodiment of the present invention can be used for various products.
- Examples of products include computers, tablet terminals, mobile phones using the above display elements or displays; light bulbs, lighting (lighting fixtures / lighting devices), lighting, liquid crystal panel backlights, pockets using lighting elements Electric lights, bicycle headlights, car interior lights and meter lamps, traffic lights, high altitude lighting inside and outside buildings, home lighting, school lighting, medical lighting, factory lighting, plant growing lights, video lighting lighting Lighting in 24 hours or late-night stores such as convenience stores, lighting in refrigeration / freezers; houses, buildings, automobiles, rail cars, aircraft, home appliances using windows and structural materials, etc. be able to.
- the chemical solution impregnated pulp was dried and heat-treated in an oven heated to 150 ° C. to introduce phosphate groups into the pulp.
- 25 L of ion-exchanged water was poured into the chemical solution-impregnated pulp that had been dried and heated, and the mixture was stirred and dispersed uniformly, followed by filtration and dehydration to obtain a dehydrated sheet twice.
- the obtained dehydrated sheet was diluted with 25 L of ion exchange water, and a 1N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added little by little while stirring to obtain a pulp slurry having a pH of 11 to 13.
- Ion exchange water was added to the pulp obtained after washing and dewatering to make a 1.0 mass% pulp suspension.
- This pulp suspension was passed five times with a high-pressure homogenizer (manufactured by NiroSoavi: Panda Plus 2000) at an operating pressure of 1200 bar to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose suspension. Furthermore, it was passed 5 times at a pressure of 245 MPa with a wet atomizer (Sugino Machine Co., Ltd .: Ultimateizer) to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose suspension (1).
- the average fiber width of the fine fibrous cellulose was 4.2 nm.
- ⁇ Substituent elimination treatment> A heat-resistant rubber sheet (X-30-4084-U, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a hole of 100 mm ⁇ as a spacer was placed on the stainless steel plate, and 11 mL of ethylene glycol was developed in the hole.
- a non-woven fabric cut out in a 5 cm square was immersed therein, a stainless steel plate was overlaid thereon, and installed in a heat press machine (manufactured by Imoto Seisakusho: manual hydraulic vacuum heating press) heated to 180 ° C.
- the substituent elimination treatment the nonwoven fabric was treated at 180 ° C. for 15 minutes, and then the nonwoven fabric was immersed in 30 mL of methanol and washed. Washing was repeated 3 times, and the nonwoven fabric was attached to glass and dried by heating at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a nonwoven fabric.
- Example 2 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that diethylene glycol was used as the solvent for the substituent elimination treatment.
- Example 3 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that propylene glycol was used as the solvent for the substituent elimination treatment.
- Example 4 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that pentanediol was used as the solvent for the substituent elimination treatment.
- Example 5 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solvent for the substituent elimination treatment was octanediol.
- Example 6 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solvent for the substituent elimination treatment was decanediol.
- Example 7 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that sorbitol was used as the solvent for the substituent elimination treatment.
- Example 8 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that glycerol was used as the solvent for the substituent elimination treatment.
- Example 9 1/10 by volume of a strong acidic ion exchange resin (manufactured by Organo Corporation: Amberjet 1024) was added to the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (1) obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, followed by shaking treatment for 1 hour. went. Thereafter, the mixture was poured onto a mesh having an opening of 90 ⁇ m, and the resin and the slurry were separated to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose suspension (2). A fine fibrous cellulose suspension (1) and a fine fibrous cellulose suspension (2) are mixed at a volume ratio of 75:25 to prepare a fine fibrous cellulose suspension (3). After producing a nonwoven fabric in the same manner as in Example 8, a substituent elimination treatment was performed to obtain a nonwoven fabric.
- a strong acidic ion exchange resin manufactured by Organo Corporation: Amberjet 1024
- Example 10 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the mixing ratio of the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (1) and the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (2) was 50:50.
- Example 11 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the mixing ratio of the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (1) and the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (2) was 25:75.
- Example 12 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the mixing ratio of the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (1) and the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (2) was set to 0: 100.
- Example 13 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the conditions for substituent elimination were changed to 220 ° C. and 30 minutes.
- Example 14 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the substituent elimination treatment time was changed to 30 minutes.
- Example 15 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the substituent elimination treatment temperature was changed to 140 ° C.
- Example 16 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the substituent elimination treatment time was changed to 60 minutes.
- Example 17 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the substituent elimination treatment time was changed to 180 minutes.
- Example 18 Hardwood kraft pulp (LBKP) was dried at 105 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a dry pulp having a water content of 3% by mass or less. Next, 4 g of dried pulp and 4 g of maleic anhydride (100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of dried pulp) were filled in an autoclave and treated at 150 ° C. for 2 hours. Next, the pulp treated with maleic anhydride was washed with 500 mL of water three times, and then ion-exchanged water was added to prepare 490 mL of slurry.
- LLKP Hardwood kraft pulp
- a nonwoven fabric was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, and then a substituent elimination treatment was performed to obtain a nonwoven fabric.
- Example 19 Using the nonwoven fabric obtained in Example 8 as a base material, resin layers were laminated on both sides of the base material in the following procedure. Silsesquioxane resin (Arakawa Chemical Industries “Composeran SQ107”) 26 parts by weight, curing agent (Arakawa Chemical Industries “HBSQ201”) 14 parts by weight, isopropyl alcohol 60 parts by weight are mixed, and the coating solution is prepared. Obtained. Next, the coating liquid was applied to one side of the substrate with a Mayer bar. Then, after drying at 100 ° C.
- Silsesquioxane resin Arakawa Chemical Industries “Composeran SQ107”
- curing agent Arakawa Chemical Industries “HBSQ201”
- isopropyl alcohol 60 parts by weight are mixed, and the coating solution is prepared. Obtained.
- the coating liquid was applied to one side of the substrate with a Mayer bar. Then, after drying at 100 ° C.
- the coating solution is cured by irradiating 300 mJ / cm 2 of ultraviolet rays using a UV conveyor device (“ECS-4011GX” manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd.), and the thickness is 5 ⁇ m.
- a resin layer was formed. Further, a resin layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was formed on the opposite side surface in the same procedure to obtain a composite of the base material and the resin.
- Example 20 A resin composite was obtained in the same procedure as in Example 19 except that the non-woven fabric obtained in Example 10 was used as the base material.
- Example 1 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the substituent elimination treatment was not performed.
- Example 2 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solvent used in the substituent elimination treatment was water.
- Example 4 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 18 except that the solvent used in the substituent elimination treatment was water.
- Phosphate group amount and carboxyl group amount Phosphorus and sodium atom concentrations in the nonwoven fabric were measured by fluorescent X-ray analysis. That is, the characteristic X-rays of phosphorus or sodium atoms released when electrons in the outer shell transition to vacancies generated by the excitation of inner shell electrons of phosphorus or sodium atoms when the nonwoven fabric is irradiated with X-rays. The concentration of phosphorus or sodium atoms was obtained by measuring the intensity. The measurement conditions are as follows.
- ⁇ Analyzer Spectris X-ray fluorescence analyzer (XRF) PW-2404 ⁇ Measurement sample: Circular sample with a diameter of 27 mm ⁇ X-ray tube: Rh tube ⁇ Anti-cathode: rhodium ⁇ Spectral crystal: Ge111 (phosphorus), PX1 (sodium) Excitation light energy: 32 kV-125 mA ⁇ Measurement lines: Phosphorus P-K ⁇ 1, Sodium Na-K ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ angle peak: 141.112 (phosphorus), 28.020 (sodium) ⁇ Measurement time: 54 seconds (phosphorus), 50 seconds (sodium)
- the substituent introduction amount before and after the solvent treatment was calculated from a calibration curve prepared by the following method.
- a non-woven fabric with a known amount of phosphate groups was prepared and subjected to fluorescent X-ray analysis, and then a calibration curve for the characteristic X-ray intensity of P atoms and the amount of phosphate groups introduced was prepared (FIG. 1).
- a calibration curve for the characteristic X-ray intensity of P atoms and the amount of phosphate groups introduced was prepared (FIG. 2).
- the carboxyl group a non-woven fabric having a known carboxyl group and a Na salt type was prepared, and a calibration curve for the characteristic X-ray intensity of the Na atom and the carboxyl group introduction amount was prepared (FIG. 2).
- the fine fiber-containing sheet has transparency, high elastic modulus, low linear thermal expansion coefficient, and is flexible, while suppressing yellowing and improving moisture resistance It was found that a resin composite was obtained.
- Example 21 Preparation of phosphoric acid-modified cellulose fiber>
- Unbeaten conifer kraft pulp made by Oji Paper
- the chemical solution impregnated pulp contained 1000 g of pulp, 950 g of urea, 400 g of sodium phosphate as phosphorus atoms, and 1200 g of water in an absolute dry mass.
- the chemical solution impregnated pulp was dried and heat-treated in an oven heated to 150 ° C.
- Ion exchange water was added to the pulp obtained after washing and dewatering to make a 1.0 mass% pulp suspension.
- This pulp suspension was passed five times with a high-pressure homogenizer (manufactured by NiroSoavi: Panda Plus 2000) at an operating pressure of 1200 bar to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose suspension. Furthermore, it was passed 5 times at a pressure of 245 MPa with a wet atomizer (Sugino Machine Co., Ltd .: Ultimateizer) to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose suspension (1).
- the average fiber width of the fine fibrous cellulose was 4.2 nm.
- ⁇ Substituent elimination treatment> A non-woven fabric cut into a 10 cm square was placed on a glass plate and subjected to high-pressure steam treatment at 120 ° C. for 120 minutes using an autoclave (ES-315 manufactured by Tommy Seiko Co., Ltd.). Thereafter, the nonwoven fabric was immersed in 150 mL of deionized water and washed. The washing was repeated three times, the nonwoven fabric was attached to glass, and dried at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a nonwoven fabric.
- ES-315 manufactured by Tommy Seiko Co., Ltd.
- Example 22 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the high-pressure steam treatment was performed at 120 ° C. for 240 minutes.
- Example 23 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the high-pressure steam treatment was performed at 120 ° C. for 360 minutes.
- Example 24 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 21 except that the high-pressure steam treatment was performed at 130 ° C. for 240 minutes.
- Example 25 Hardwood kraft pulp (LBKP) was dried at 105 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a dry pulp having a water content of 3% by mass or less. Next, 4 g of dried pulp and 4 g of maleic anhydride (100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of dried pulp) were filled in an autoclave and treated at 150 ° C. for 2 hours. Next, the pulp treated with maleic anhydride was washed with 500 mL of water three times, and then ion-exchanged water was added to prepare 490 mL of slurry.
- LLKP Hardwood kraft pulp
- a non-woven fabric was produced in the same manner as in Example 21, followed by high-pressure steam treatment to obtain a non-woven fabric.
- Example 6 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 21 except that high-pressure steam treatment was not performed.
- Example 7 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 25 except that high-pressure steam treatment was not performed.
- Example 26 ⁇ Preparation of phosphorylated fine cellulose fiber> A phosphorylating reagent was prepared by dissolving 100 g of urea, 55.3 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, and 41.3 g of disodium hydrogen phosphate in 109 g of water. The dried sheet of dried softwood bleached kraft pulp (manufactured by Oji Holdings) was treated with a cutter mill and a pin mill to form cotton-like fibers. 100 g of this cotton-like fiber was taken in an absolutely dry mass, and the phosphorylating reagent was sprayed evenly with a spray, and then kneaded by hand to obtain a chemical-impregnated pulp.
- the obtained chemical-impregnated pulp was heat-treated for 80 minutes in a blower dryer with a damper heated to 140 ° C. to obtain phosphorylated pulp.
- 100 g of the obtained phosphorylated pulp was collected by pulp mass, poured with 10 L of ion exchange water, stirred and dispersed uniformly, and then subjected to filtration and dehydration to obtain a dehydrated sheet twice.
- the obtained dehydrated sheet was diluted with 10 L of ion exchange water, and a 1N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added little by little while stirring to obtain a pulp slurry having a pH of 12 to 13.
- the pulp slurry is dehydrated to obtain a dehydrated sheet, and then 10 L of ion exchange water is poured, stirred and dispersed uniformly, and then subjected to filtration and dehydration to obtain a dehydrated sheet twice.
- An acid-modified cellulose fiber was obtained.
- the amount of phosphate groups introduced by the titration method was 1.1 mmol / g.
- ⁇ Neutralization degree change> To the obtained fine fibrous cellulose suspension (1), 1/10 by volume of a strongly acidic ion exchange resin (manufactured by Organo Corporation: Amberjet 1024) was added and shaken for 1 hour. Thereafter, the mixture was poured onto a mesh having an opening of 90 ⁇ m, and the resin and the slurry were separated to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose suspension (2). The fine fibrous cellulose suspension (1) and the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (2) were mixed at a volume ratio of 75:25 to prepare a fine fibrous cellulose suspension (3).
- a strongly acidic ion exchange resin manufactured by Organo Corporation: Amberjet 1024
- Example 27 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 26 except that the mixing ratio of the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (1) and the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (2) was 50:50.
- Example 28 Using the nonwoven fabric obtained in Example 27 as a base material, resin layers were laminated on both sides of the base material in the following procedure. Silsesquioxane resin (Arakawa Chemical Industries “Composeran SQ107”) 26 parts by weight, curing agent (Arakawa Chemical Industries “HBSQ201”) 14 parts by weight, isopropyl alcohol 60 parts by weight are mixed, and the coating solution is prepared. Obtained. Next, the coating liquid was applied to one side of the substrate with a Mayer bar. Then, after drying at 100 ° C.
- Silsesquioxane resin Arakawa Chemical Industries “Composeran SQ107”
- curing agent Arakawa Chemical Industries “HBSQ201”
- isopropyl alcohol 60 parts by weight are mixed, and the coating solution is prepared. Obtained.
- the coating liquid was applied to one side of the substrate with a Mayer bar. Then, after drying at 100 ° C.
- the coating solution is cured by irradiating 300 mJ / cm 2 of ultraviolet rays using a UV conveyor device (“ECS-4011GX” manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd.), and the thickness is 5 ⁇ m.
- a resin layer was formed. Further, a resin layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was formed on the opposite side surface in the same procedure to obtain a composite of the base material and the resin.
- Example 8 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 26 except that the mixing ratio of the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (1) and the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (2) was 100: 0.
- Example 9 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 26 except that the mixing ratio of the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (1) and the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (2) was set to 0: 100.
- the amount of carboxyl group introduced determined by the titration method was 1.0 mmol / g.
- ⁇ Neutralization degree change> To the resulting fine fibrous cellulose suspension (4), 1/10 by volume of a strongly acidic ion exchange resin (manufactured by Organo Corporation: Amberjet 1024) was added and shaken for 1 hour. Thereafter, the mixture was poured onto a mesh having an opening of 90 ⁇ m to separate the resin and the slurry to obtain a fine fibrous cellulose suspension (5). The fine fibrous cellulose suspension (4) and the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (5) were mixed at a volume ratio of 50:50 to prepare a fine fibrous cellulose suspension (6).
- a strongly acidic ion exchange resin manufactured by Organo Corporation: Amberjet 1024
- Comparative Example 11 A nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 10, except that the mixing ratio of the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (4) and the fine fibrous cellulose suspension (5) was 100: 0.
- the fine fiber-containing sheet has transparency, high elastic modulus, low linear thermal expansion coefficient, and is flexible, while suppressing yellowing and improving moisture resistance It was found that a resin composite was obtained.
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Abstract
Description
[1]微細繊維含有シートの製造方法において、少なくとも(a)繊維原料に静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基を導入して、置換基導入繊維を得る工程と(b)工程(a)で得られた置換基導入繊維を機械処理して、置換基導入微細繊維を得る工程と
(c)工程(b)で得られた置換基導入微細繊維からシートを調製する工程と
(d)工程(c)で得られたシートから導入置換基の少なくとも一部を脱離させる工程を有する微細繊維含有シートの製造方法。
[2]微細繊維含有シートの製造方法において、少なくとも
(a)繊維原料に静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基を導入して、置換基導入繊維を得る工程と
(b)工程(a)で得られた置換基導入繊維を機械処理して、置換基導入微細繊維を得る工程と
(c)工程(b)で得られた置換基導入微細繊維からシートを調製する工程と
(d)工程(c)で得られたシートをアルコールで処理して導入置換基の少なくとも一部
を脱離させる工程
を有する微細繊維含有シートの製造方法。
[3]アルコールが多価アルコールである、[2]に記載の製造方法。
[4]多価アルコールがOH/C比率が0.2以上であるものである、[3]に記載の製造方法。
[5]静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基が、リン酸由来の基、カルボン酸由来の基および硫酸由来の基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[6]繊維原料がセルロースおよび/またはキチン、キトサンを含有する材料である、[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[7]微細繊維の平均繊維幅が2~1000nmである、[1]~[6]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[8] 静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基が、リン酸由来の基であり、工程(a)の後であって工程(c)の前に、さらに
(e)置換基導入繊維または置換基導入微細繊維の中和度を変更する工程を有する、[1]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[9]工程(e)が、中和度が15~85%となるように行われる、[8]に記載の製造方法。
[11][9]に記載の微細繊維含有シートの片面または両面にマトリクス樹脂が積層された、樹脂複合体。
[12]マトリクス樹脂が、熱硬化性樹脂または光硬化性樹脂を含む、[10]に記載の樹脂複合体。
[13][10]または[11]に記載の樹脂複合体を用いた、フレキシブルディスプレイ。
[14][10]もしくは[11]に記載の樹脂複合体、または[12]に記載のフレキシブルディスプレイを用いた、製品。
[1]微細繊維の製造方法において、少なくとも
(a)繊維原料にリン酸由来の置換基を導入して、置換基導入繊維を得る工程と
(b)工程(a)で得られた置換基導入繊維を機械処理して、置換基導入微細繊維を得る工程と
(c)工程(a)で得られた置換基導入繊維または工程(b)で得られた置換基導入微細繊維の中和度を変更する工程
を有する微細繊維の製造方法。
[2]工程(c)が、中和度が15~85%となるように行われる、[1]に記載の製造方法。
[3]繊維原料がセルロースおよび/またはキチン、キトサンを含有する材料である、[1]または[2]に記載の製造方法。
[4]微細繊維の平均繊維幅が2~1000nmである、[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[5](d)[1]~[4]のいずか1項に記載の製造方法により得られた微細繊維からシートを調製する工程
を有する微細繊維含有シートの製造方法。
[6]リン酸由来の置換基が導入された、平均繊維幅が2~1000nmの微細セルロース繊維を含有し、リン酸由来の置換基導入量が0.01~2.0mmol/gであり、中和度が15~85%である、微細繊維または微細繊維含有シート。
[7][6]に記載の微細繊維含有シートの片面または両面にマトリクス樹脂が積層された樹脂複合体。
[8]マトリクス樹脂が、熱硬化性樹脂または光硬化性樹脂を含む、[7]に記載の樹脂複合体。
[9][7]または[8]に記載の樹脂複合体を用いた、フレキシブルディスプレイ。
[10][7]もしくは[8]に記載の樹脂複合体、または[9]に記載のフレキシブルディスプレイを用いた、製品。
[1] 微細繊維を含む、基材シート層、および基材シート層の少なくとも一方の側に形成された、無機層を含む、複合シート。
[2] 微細繊維が、静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基が導入された微細繊維である1に記載の複合シート。
[3] さらに、基材シート層の少なくとも一方の側に形成された有機層を含む、1または2に記載の複合シート。
[4] 微細繊維が、平均繊維幅2~1000nmのセルロース微細繊維である、1~3のいずれか1項に記載の複合シート。
[5] 置換基が、リン酸由来の基、カルボン酸由来の基および硫酸由来の基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、置換基導入量が0.01~2.0mmol/gである、1~4のいずれか1項に記載の複合シート。
[6] 基材シート層の厚みが、0.1~1200μmである、1~5のいずれか1項に記載の複合シート。
[7] 無機層が、酸化ケイ素、窒化ケイ素、酸化炭化ケイ素、酸化窒化ケイ素、酸化炭化窒化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム、窒化アルミニウム、酸化炭化アルミニウムおよび酸化窒化アルミニウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む、1~6のいずれか1項に記載の複合シート。
[8] 有機層が、熱硬化性樹脂または光硬化性樹脂を含む、1~7のいずれか1項に記載の複合シート。
[9] 基材シート層が:
(a)繊維原料に、置換基導入繊維を得る工程と
(b)工程(a)で得られた置換基導入繊維を機械処理して、置換基導入微細繊維を得る工程と
(c)工程(b)で得られた置換基導入微細繊維からシートを調製する工程と
(d)工程(c)で得られたシートから導入置換基の少なくとも一部を脱離させる工程
を有する製造方法により製造された、1~8のいずれか1項に記載の複合シート。
[10] 静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基が、リン酸由来の基であり、工程(a)の後であって工程(c)の前に、さらに
(e)置換基導入繊維または置換基導入微細繊維の中和度を変更する工程
を有する製造方法により製造された、9に記載の複合シート。
[11] 基材シート層の少なくとも一方の側に、
無機層、および無機層に積層された有機層が形成された、または有機層、および有機層に積層された無機層が形成された、1~10のいずれか1項に記載の、複合シート。
[12] 11に記載の複合シートを用いた、フレキシブルディスプレイ、太陽電池、照明素子、表示素子、タッチパネル、窓材または構造材。
[13] 1~11に記載の複合シート、または11に記載の太陽電池、照明素子、表示素子、タッチパネル、窓材または構造材を用いた、製品。
[1] 微細繊維含有シートの製造方法において、少なくとも
(a)繊維原料に静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基を導入して、置換基導入繊維を得る工程と
(b)工程(a)で得られた置換基導入繊維を機械処理して、置換基導入微細繊維を得る工程と
(c)工程(b)で得られた置換基導入微細繊維からシートを調製する工程と(d)工程(c)で得られたシートから導入置換基の少なくとも一部を脱離させる工程を有する微細繊維含有シートの製造方法。
[2] 工程(d)が、工程(c)で得られたシートを水および/ またはアルコールで処理して導入置換基の少なくとも一部を脱離させる工程である、1に記載の製造方法。
[3] 工程(d)の水および/またはアルコールで処理することが、水および/またはアルコールの蒸気による処理である、2に記載の製造方法。
[4] 蒸気が、0.1MPa~30 MPaの高圧蒸気である、3に記載の製造方法。
[5] 工程(d)が、工程(c)で得られたシートを多価アルコールで処理して導入置換基の少なくとも一部を脱離させる工程である、1に記載の製造方法。
[6] 多価アルコールがOH/C比が0.2以上であるものである、5に記載の製造方法。
[7] 静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基が、リン酸由来の基、カルボン酸由来の基および硫酸由来の基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、1~6のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[8] 繊維原料がセルロースおよび/またはキチン、キトサンを含有する材料である、1~7のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[9] 微細繊維の平均繊維幅が2~1000nmである、1~8のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[10] 静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基が、リン酸由来の基であり、工程(a)の後であって工程(c)の前に、さらに
(e)置換基導入繊維または置換基導入微細繊維の中和度を変更する工程を有する、1~9のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[11] 工程(e)が、中和度が15~85%となるように行われる、10に記載の製造方法。
[12] 1~11のいずれか1項に記載された製造方法により製造される、微細繊維含有シート。
[13] 1~11のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により製造される微細繊維含有シートからなる基材シート層、および基材シート層の少なくとも一方の側に形成された、無機層および/または有機層を含む、複合シート。
[14] 基材シート層の厚みが、0.1~1200μmである、13に記載の複合シート。
[15] 無機層が、酸化ケイ素、窒化ケイ素、酸化炭化ケイ素、酸化窒化ケイ素、酸化炭化窒化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム、窒化アルミニウム、酸化炭化アルミニウムおよび酸化窒化アルミニウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む、13または14に記載の複合シート。
[16] 有機層が、熱硬化性樹脂または光硬化性樹脂を含む、13~15のいずれか1項に記載の複合シート。
[17] 基材シート層の少なくとも一方の側に、無機層、および無機層に積層された有機層が形成された、または有機層、および有機層に積層された無機層が形成された、13~15のいずれか1項に記載の、複合シート。
[18] 13~17のいずれか1項に記載の複合シートを用いた、フレキシブルディスプレイ、太陽電池、照明素子、表示素子、タッチパネル、窓材または構造材。
[19] 13~17に記載の複合シート、または18に記載の太陽電池、照明素子、表示素子、タッチパネル、窓材または構造材を用いた、製品。
(a)繊維原料に静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基を導入して、置換基導入繊維を得る工程と
(b)工程(a)で得られた置換基導入繊維を機械処理して、置換基導入微細繊維を得る工程と
(c)工程(b)で得られた置換基導入微細繊維からシートを調製する工程と
(d)工程(c)で得られたシートから導入置換基の少なくとも一部を脱離させる工程
を有する。
工程(a)は、繊維原料に静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基を導入して、置換基導入繊維を得る工程である。工程(a)としては特に限定されないが、乾燥状態あるいは湿潤状態の繊維原料に、該繊維原料と反応するような化合物を混合することにより、繊維原料に上記置換基を導入することが可能である。導入時の反応を促進するため、加熱する方法が特に有効である。置換基の導入における加熱処理温度は特に限定されないが、該繊維原料の熱分解や加水分解等が起こりにくい温度帯であることが好ましく、例えば、繊維原料としてセルロースを含む繊維原料を選択した場合は熱分解温度の観点から、250℃以下であることが好ましく、セルロースの加水分解を抑える観点から、100~170℃で加熱処理することが好ましい。
これらのうち、リン酸基導入の効率が高く、工業的に適用しやすい観点から、リン酸、リン酸のナトリウム塩、リン酸のカリウム塩、リン酸のアンモニウム塩が好ましく、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、リン酸水素二ナトリウムがより好ましいが、特に限定されない。
必要に応じ、工程(a)の静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基を導入し、置換基導入繊維を得る工程の後であって、後述する工程(b)の機械処理工程の前に、アルカリ処理を行ってもよい。アルカリ処理によって、繊維に導入されたリン酸基に陽イオンを供給して、容易に塩にすることができる。また、アルカリ処理は、繊維の収率が向上するとの観点から、好ましい。
無機アルカリ化合物の例は、アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属の、水酸化物、炭酸塩、およびリン酸塩である。より具体的な例は、水酸化リチウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化カルシウム、炭酸リチウム、炭酸水素リチウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸カルシウム、リン酸リチウム、リン酸カリウム、リン酸3ナトリウム、リン酸水素2ナトリウム、リン酸カルシウム、リン酸水素カルシウムである。
有機アルカリ化合物の例は、アンモニア、脂肪族アミン、芳香族アミン、脂肪族アンモニウム、芳香族アンモニウム、複素環式化合物、およびそれらの水酸化物、炭酸塩、またはリン酸塩である。より具体的な例は、アンモニア、ヒドラジン、メチルアミン、エチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、プロピルアミン、ジプロピルアミン、ブチルアミン、ジアミノエタン、ジアミノプロパン、ジアミノブタン、ジアミノペンタン、ジアミノヘキサン、シクロヘキシルアミン、アニリン、テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、テトラエチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、テトラプロピルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、テトラブチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、ピリジン、N,N-ジメチル-4-アミノピリジン、炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸水素アンモニウム、リン酸水素2アンモニウムである。
工程(b)は工程(a)で得られた置換基導入繊維を、解繊処理装置を用いて微細化(解繊)処理して、置換基導入微細繊維を得る工程である。
(1)観察画像内の任意箇所に一本の直線Xを引き、該直線Xに対し、20本以上の繊維が交差する。
(2)同じ画像内で該直線と垂直に交差する直線Yを引き、該直線Yに対し、20本以上の繊維が交差する。
上記条件を満足する観察画像に対し、直線X、直線Yと交錯する繊維の幅を目視で読み取る。こうして少なくとも重なっていない表面部分の画像を3組以上観察し、各々の画像に対して、直線X、直線Yと交錯する繊維の幅を読み取る。このように少なくとも20本×2×3=120本の繊維幅を読み取る。本発明における繊維幅はこのように読み取った繊維幅の平均値である。
工程(c)は工程(b)で得られた置換基導入微細繊維を、シートを調製する工程である。
追加繊維を混合する場合、微細繊維と追加繊維の合計量における追加繊維の添加量は特に限定されないが、好ましくは50質量%以下であり、より好ましくは40質量%以下であり、さらに好ましくは30質量%以下である。特に好ましくは20質量%以下である。
微細繊維含有スラリーを通常の抄紙で用いられる長網式、円網式、傾斜式等の連続抄紙機のほか、これらを組み合わせた多層抄き合わせ抄紙機、さらに手抄き等公知の抄紙方法で抄紙され、一般の紙と同様の方法でシート化することが可能である。つまり、微細繊維含有スラリーをワイヤー上で濾過、脱水して湿紙状態のシートを得た後、プレス、乾燥することでシートを得ることが可能である。スラリーの濃度は特に限定されないが、0.05~5質量%が好ましく、濃度が低すぎると濾過に膨大な時間がかかり、逆に濃度が高すぎると均一なシートが得られないため好ましくない。スラリーを濾過、脱水する場合、濾過時の濾布としては特に限定されないが、微細繊維は通過せず、かつ濾過速度が遅くなりすぎないことが重要である。このような濾布としては特に限定されないが、有機ポリマーからなるシート、織物、多孔膜が好ましい。有機ポリマーとしては特に限定されないが、ポリエチレンテレフタレートやポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)等のような非セルロース系の有機ポリマーが好ましい。具体的には孔径0.1~20μm、例えば1μmのポリテトラフルオロエチレンの多孔膜、孔径0.1~20μm、例えば1μmのポリエチレンテレフタレートやポリエチレンの織物等が挙げられるが、特に限定されない。
塗工法は、微細繊維含有スラリーを基材上に塗工し、これを乾燥して形成された微細繊維含有層を基材から剥離することにより、シートを得る方法である。塗工装置と長尺の基材を用いることで、シートを連続的に生産することができる。基材の質は、特に限定されないが、微細繊維含有スラリーに対する濡れ性が高いものの方が乾燥時のシートの収縮等を抑制することができて良いが、乾燥後に形成されたシートが容易に剥離できるものを選択することが好ましい。中でも樹脂板または金属板が好ましいが、特に限定されない。その中で、適当なものを単独、または積層して使用するのが好適である。例えばアクリル板、ポリエチレンテレフタレート板、塩化ビニル板、ポリスチレン板、ポリ塩化ビニリデン板等の樹脂板や、アルミ板、亜鉛版、銅版、鉄板等の金属板および、それらの表面を酸化処理したもの、ステンレス板、真ちゅう板等を用いることができるが、特に限定されない。微細繊維含有スラリーを基材上に塗工するには、上記基材に所定のスラリー量を塗工することが可能な各種コーターを使用すれば良い。特に限定されないが、例えば、ロールコーター、グラビアコーター、ダイコーター、カーテンコーター、スプレーコーター、ブレードコーター、ロッドコーター、エアドクターコーター等が使用できるが、中でもダイコーター、カーテンコーター、スプレーコーター、エアドクターコーター等の塗工方式によるものが均一な塗工には有効である。
工程(d)は、工程(c)で得られたシートから、導入された置換基の全部または一部を脱離させる工程である。本発明では、前記工程で製造した置換基が導入された微細繊維をシート化した後に、このシートに含有される微細繊維に導入された置換基を脱離させる。脱離は、工程(c)で得られたシートを水および/またはアルコールで処理することにより行われる。アルコールには、多価アルコールが含まれ、多価アルコールを用いる場合、脱離は、シートを多価アルコールで煮沸することで達成でき、またシートを多価アルコールの蒸気で処理することでも達成できる。水および/または沸点の低いアルコールを用いる場合、脱離は、シートを多価アルコール蒸気で処理することで達成できる。
本発明の好ましい態様の一つにおいては、工程(d)で置換基を脱離させるに際しては、シートを多価アルコールにより煮沸処理する。多価アルコールとは、アルコールのうち2以上のOH基を有するものをいう。多価アルコールを用いる場合、OH/C比率が0.15以上のものを用いることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.2以上であるものを用いる。「OH/C比率」とは、分子に含まれる炭素(C)原子あたりのOH基の個数をいい、例えば、エチレングリコール(C2H6O2)のOH/C比率は1であり、ジエチレングリコール(C4H10O3)のOH/C比率は0.67である。
工程(d)で置換基を脱離させるに際しては、蒸気を使用してもよい。蒸気の種類は、特に限定されず、OH基を有する物質の蒸気であれは、導入した置換基の脱離を行うことができると考えられる。置換基を脱離する能力が高いという観点からは、蒸気は、水蒸気および/またはアルコール蒸気であることが好ましい。アルコールの例として、メタノール、エタノール、n-プロパノール、イソプロパノール、n-ブタノール、イソブチルアルコール、およびt-ブタノール、ならびに上述の多価アルコールを挙げることができる。特に好ましい蒸気の例の一つは、水蒸気である。水蒸気は、水やメタノール、エタノール、プロパノール等の低級アルコール、好ましくは炭素数1以上6以下、より好ましくは炭素数1以上3以下のアルコール;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン等の炭素数3以上6以下のケトン;直鎖又は分岐状の炭素数1以上6以下の飽和炭化水素または不飽和炭化水素;ベンゼン、トルエン等の芳香族炭化水素を含んでいてもよい。
る。
しかしながら、この技術は、置換基の脱離を目的としたものではない。ここでの処理では、主としてセルロースの非晶部に入ったカルボキシル基が高温の水で溶出しているだけだと考えられる。実際に酸化セルロースを水の存在下で加熱処理しても、置換基は脱離され難いと考えられる。また、前掲特許文献9の加熱処理は、シート化後の段階ではなく、シート化前の繊維の段階で処理している点でも、本発明とは差異がある。
本発明の一の実施態様においては、繊維原料に静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基としてリン酸基が導入される。この場合、工程(a)の後であって工程(c)の前に、さらに(e)置換基導入繊維または置換基導入微細繊維の中和度を変更する工程を有していてもよい。リン酸基が繊維に導入された際には、通常、中和度2(中和度100%ともいう。)である。
またこのような濃度範囲のスラリーを用いる場合、例えば、見掛け密度800~830g/L-R、水分保有能力36~55%、総交換容量1.8eq/L-Rの強酸性イオン交換樹脂を用いる場合、スラリー体積1に対し、1/50~1/5イオン交換樹脂を用いることができる。処理時間も特に限定されず、当業者であれば、イオン交換を効率的に行うとの観点から、適宜設計できる。例えば、0.25~4時間かけて処理することができる。
本発明においては、上記工程(a)~(d)以外に、必要に応じて、各工程の間、工程(a)の前、または工程(d)の後に、洗浄工程等の他の工程を適宜有してもよいが、特に限定されない。例えば、工程(b)より前段に異物除去工程、工程(b)より後段に遠心分離等による精製工程を採用しても良いが、特に限定されない。脱塩工程は、微細繊維の純度が高まる点で好ましい。脱塩工程を行う場合、手段は特に限定されず、濾過方式による洗浄、透析、イオン交換などが挙げられる。好ましい態様の一つにおいては、工程(d)の後に、水洗工程が行われる。工程(d)の蒸気による処理後に水洗することで、蒸気により脱離された置換基等を洗い流すことができ、これにより着色物質の発生が低減されると考えられる。
上述の製造方法により得られうる置換基導入量が一定値以下まで脱離された微細繊維含有シートは、それ自体の透明度が高く、かつ黄変が少ない。このようなシートは新規なものである。
本発明によって提供される微細繊維含有シートは、水に対する耐性(耐水性、耐湿性、撥水性)を付与するため、無機層、有機層を積層してもよい。本発明によって提供される微細繊維含有シートは、置換基脱離処理されているために黄変が抑えられており、そのため積層化に際しては、通常であれば黄変を促進する加熱工程やUV照射工程を含んでもよく、種々の手段を採りうる。積層化によって得られる複合シートは、微細繊維含有シートからなる基材シート層の少なくとも一方の側に形成された、少なくとも1層の無機層と少なくとも1層の有機層とを含むことが好ましい。無機層と有機層とを積層する場合、順番は特に限定されないが、基材シートの表面にまず有機層を積層することは、無機層を形成するための面を平滑にし、形成される無機層をより欠陥の少ないものとすることができる点で好ましい。また、有機層および無機層以外の他の構成層、例えば、上層の接着を容易にするための易接着層を含んでいてもよい。
本発明の一態様である複合シートは、基材シート層の少なくとも一方の側に、無機層が形成されている。無機層は、基材シート層の片側にのみ形成されていてもよく、両側に形成されていてもよい。また、基材シート層に接して形成されていてもよく、また基材シート層との間に別の層、例えば後述する有機層を挟んで形成されていてもよい。無機層は、少なくとも1層形成されていればよく、複数の層として積層されていてもよい。
無機層を構成する物質としては、特に限定されないが、例えばアルミニウム、ケイ素、マグネシウム、亜鉛、錫、ニッケル、チタン;これらの酸化物、炭化物、窒化物、酸化炭化物、酸化窒化物、もしくは酸化炭化窒化物;またはこれらの混合物が挙げられる。高い防湿性が安定に維持できるとの観点からは、酸化ケイ素、窒化ケイ素、酸化炭化ケイ素、酸化窒化ケイ素、酸化炭化窒化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム、窒化アルミニウム、酸化炭化アルミニウム、酸化窒化アルミニウム、またはこれらの混合物が好ましい。
無機層の形成方法は、特に限定されない。一般に、薄膜を形成する方法は大別して、化学的気相成長法(Chemical Vapor Deposition、CVD)と物理成膜法(Physical Vapor Deposition、PVD)とがあるが、いずれも本発明のために適用できる。CVD法としては、具体的には、プラズマを利用したプラズマCVD、加熱触媒体を用いて材料ガスを接触熱分解する触媒化学気相成長法(Cat-CVD)等が挙げられる。PVD法としては、具体的には、真空蒸着、イオンプレーティング、スパッタリング等が挙げられる。
さらにALD法は、プラズマを用いることにより、反応速度の向上、低温プロセス化、未反応ガスの減少が期待できる。
無機層の厚みは、特に限定されないが、安定な防湿性能の発現のためには、5nm以上であることが好ましく、10nm以上であることがより好ましく、20nm以上であることがさらに好ましい。無機層の厚みは、透明性、フレキシブル性の観点からは、1000nm以下であることが好ましく、800nm以下であることがより好ましく、600nm以下であることがさらに好ましい。なお、本発明の複合シートの無機層に関し、厚みというときは、無機層を複数設ける場合は、特に記載した場合を除き、各々の無機層の厚みを指す。
本発明の一態様である複合シートは、基材シート層、無機層のほか、有機層を含んでいてもよい。有機層は、基材シート層の片側にのみ形成されていてもよく、両側に形成されていてもよい。また、基材シート層に接して形成されていてもよく、また基材シート層との間に別の層、例えば無機層を挟んで形成されていてもよい。有機層は、1層のみでもよく、複数の層として積層されていてもよい。
マトリクス樹脂は、特に限定されない。熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂(熱硬化性樹脂の前駆体が加熱により重合硬化した硬化物)、または光硬化性樹脂(光硬化性樹脂の前駆体が放射線(紫外線や電子線等)の照射により重合硬化した硬化物)等を用いることができる。これらは1種であってもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。
また、低吸水性の複合体を得るためには、マトリクス樹脂は、ヒドロキシ基、カルボキシル基、またはアミノ基などの親水性の官能基が少ないことが好ましい。
以上、東亜合成)、コンポセランSQシリーズ(荒川化学工業)が挙げられる。シルセスキオキサン樹脂の架橋には、チオール基含有シルセスキオキサン化合物を用いることができる。本実施態様に用いることができる市販のチオール基含有シルセスキオキサン化合物としては、例えば、コンポセランHBSQシリーズ(荒川化学工業)が挙げられる。
有機層の厚みは、特に限定されないが、基材シート層に耐湿性を付与するのに十分であり、かつシートの低線熱膨張である利点が損なわない程度であることが好ましい。例えば、0.1~50μm程度とすることができ、0.1~30μmとしてもよく、0.2~20μmとしてもよく、0.5~10μmとしてもよい。なお、本発明の複合シートの有機層に関し、厚みというときは、結城層を複数設ける場合は、特に記載した場合を除き、各々の有機層の厚みを指す。
マトリクス樹脂を積層する方法としては、特に制限はなく、例えば、以下の方法が挙げられる。
(A)熱可塑性樹脂シートと基材シート層を交互に配置し、加熱プレス等で密着させる方法。
(B)基材シートの、または基材シートに積層された無機層の片面または両面に、液状の熱可塑性樹脂前駆体、熱硬化性樹脂前駆体および光硬化性樹脂前駆体から選ばれる1以上を塗布して重合硬化させる方法。
(C)基材シートの、または基材シートに積層された無機層の片面または両面に、樹脂溶液を塗布して溶媒を除去し、所望により重合硬化させる方法。ここで、樹脂溶液は、熱可塑性樹脂、熱可塑性樹脂前駆体、熱硬化性樹脂前駆体、および光硬化性樹脂前駆体から選ばれる1以上の溶質を含む溶液である。
また、基材シート層に熱または光硬化性樹脂前駆体を塗布した後、さらに基材シート層を重ねるなど、多層構造にしてから、硬化させてもよい。
樹脂を溶解させる溶媒としては、樹脂の溶解性に応じて選択すればよい。
上記の熱可塑性樹脂前駆体、熱硬化性樹脂前駆体、および光硬化性樹脂前駆体には、適宜、連鎖移動剤、紫外線吸収剤、セルロース以外の充填剤、またはシランカップリング剤等を配合して、組成物(以下、「硬化性組成物」という。)としてもよい。
メルカプタン化合物としては、特に限定されない。例えば、ペンタエリスリトールテトラキス(β-チオプロピオネート)、トリメチロールプロパントリス(β-チオプロピオネート)、またはトリス[2-(β-チオプロピオニルオキシエトキシ)エチル]トリイソシアヌレート等が挙げられる。これらの1種または2種以上を用いることが好ましい。
硬化性組成物に連鎖移動剤を含有させる場合、連鎖移動剤は硬化性組成物中のラジカル重合可能な化合物の合計に対して、通常30質量%以下の割合で含有させる。
硬化性組成物に紫外線吸収剤を含有させる場合、紫外線吸収剤は硬化性組成物中のラジカル重合な可能化合物の合計100質量部に対して、通常0.01~1質量部の割合で含有させる。
硬化性組成物にシランカップリング剤を含有させる場合、シランカップリング剤は、硬化性組成物中のラジカル重合な可能化合物の合計に対して通常0.1~50質量%、好ましくは1~20質量%となるように含有させる。この配合量が少な過ぎると、これを含有させる効果が充分に得られず、また、多過ぎると、硬化物の透明性などの光学特性が損なわれる恐れがある。
硬化性組成物は、公知の硬化方法で重合硬化させて、硬化物とすることができる。
硬化方法としては、例えば、熱硬化、または放射線硬化等が挙げられ、好ましくは放射線硬化である。放射線としては、赤外線、可視光線、紫外線、または電子線等が挙げられるが、好ましくは波長1~1000nmの電磁波である光である。より好ましくは波長が200~450nm程度の電磁波であり、さらに好ましくは波長が300~400nmの紫外線である。
また、放射線を2回以上に分割して照射すると、さらに好ましい。すなわち1回目に全照射量の1/20~1/3程度を照射し、2回目以降に必要残量を照射すると、複屈折のより小さな硬化物が得られる。
放射線照射に使用するランプの具体例としては、メタルハライドランプ、高圧水銀灯ランプ、紫外線LEDランプ、または無電極水銀ランプ等を挙げることができる。
光照射時に熱重合が開始されると、重合を制御することが難しくなるので、熱重合開始剤は好ましくは1分半減期温度が120℃以上300℃以下であることがよい。
ただし、光重合開始剤が光カチオン重合開始剤である場合には、カチオン重合性モノマーの総量100質量部に対して、0.01質量部以上である。好ましくは0.1質量部以上、さらに好ましくは0.5質量部以上であり、通常10質量部以下、好ましくは5質量部以下、さらに好ましくは1質量部以下である。
すなわち、光重合開始剤が光カチオン重合開始剤である場合には、前記光重合開始剤の成分量の範囲は、カチオン重合性モノマーの総量100質量部に対して、0.01~10質量部が好ましい。また、0.1~5質量部がより好ましく、0.5~1質量部がさらに好ましい。
光重合開始剤の添加量が多すぎると、重合が急激に進行し、得られる硬化物の複屈折を大きくするだけでなく色相を悪化させる。例えば、光重合開始剤の濃度を5質量部とした場合、光重合開始剤の吸収により、紫外線の照射と反対側に光が到達できずに未硬化の部分が生ずる。また、黄色く着色し色相の劣化が著しい。一方、少なすぎると紫外線照射を行っても重合が充分に進行しないおそれがある。
基材シートに有機層を積層する場合には、樹脂との密着性を向上させるため、マトリクス樹脂の積層前に、基材シート層に対し、化学修飾処理を施すことができる。
酸無水物としては、例えば無水酢酸、無水アクリル酸、無水メタクリル酸、無水プロパン酸、無水ブタン酸、無水2-ブタン酸、又は無水ペンタン酸等が挙げられる。
ハロゲン化試薬としては、例えば、アセチルハライド、アクリロイルハライド、メタクロイルハライド、プロパノイルハライド、ブタノイルハライド、2-ブタノイルハライド、ペンタノイルハライド、ベンゾイルハライド、ナフトイルハライド等が挙げられる。
アルコールとしては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、2-プロパノール等が挙げられる。
イソシアナートとしては、例えば、メチルイソシアナート、エチルイソシアナート、プロピルイソシアナート等が挙げられる。
アルコキシシランとしては、例えば、メトキシシラン、エトキシシラン等が挙げられる。
アルコキシシロキサンとしては、例えば、ブトキシポリジメチルシロキサン等が挙げられる。
シラザンとしては、例えば、ヘキサメチルジシラザン、テトラメチルジシラザン、ジフェニルテトラメチルジシラザン等が挙げられる。
オキシラン(エポキシ)等の環状エーテルとしては、例えば、エチルオキシラン、エチルオキセタン等が挙げられる。
これらの中では特に無水酢酸、無水アクリル酸、無水メタクリル酸、ベンゾイルハライド、ナフトイルハライド、メトキシシラン又はヘキサメチルジシラザンが好ましい。
これらの化学修飾剤は1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
化学修飾を行うことで、セルロースの分解温度が上昇し、耐熱性が高くなるが、化学修飾率が高すぎると、セルロース構造が破壊されて結晶性が低下するため、後述する複合体においては線熱膨張係数が大きくなる傾向にあり、好ましくない。
乾燥の際に加熱する場合、温度は50℃以上が好ましく、80℃以上がより好ましく、また、250℃以下が好ましく、150℃以下がより好ましい。
すなわち、乾燥の際に加熱する場合の温度の範囲は、50~250℃が好ましく、80~150℃がより好ましい。
加熱温度が低すぎると乾燥に時間がかかったり、乾燥が不充分になる可能性があり、加熱温度が高すぎると基材シート層が着色したり、分解したりする可能性がある。
また、加圧する場合、圧力(ゲージ圧)は0.01MPa以上が好ましく、0.1MPa以上がより好ましく、また、5MPa以下が好ましく、1MPa以下がより好ましい。
すなわち、加圧する場合の圧力(ゲージ圧)の範囲は、0.01~5MPaが好ましく、0.1~1MPaがより好ましい。
圧力が低すぎると乾燥が不充分になる可能性があり、圧力が高すぎると基材シート層がつぶれたり分解したりする可能性がある。
本発明により得られる複合シートは、光学材料としての好ましい特性である、全光線透過率、ヘーズ、黄色度、線熱膨張係数、および水蒸気透過率等を有しうる。これらの特性の測定方法と好ましい範囲を以下に説明する。
本発明に関し、全光線透過率(%)というときは、特に記載した場合を除き、JIS規格K7105に準拠し、ヘーズメータを用いてC光により測定した値をいう。
本発明に関し、ヘーズ値というときは、特に記載した場合を除き、JIS規格K7136に準拠し、ヘーズメータを用いてC光による測定した値をいう。ヘーズはシートの透明性に関する指標であり、濁度(曇度)を表す。拡散透過光の全光線透過光に対する割合から求められるもので、表面の粗さにも影響を受けうる。
本発明に関し、黄色度というときは、特に記載した場合を除き、対象となるシートをASTM規格に準拠し、E313黄色インデックス(YI)を適切な分光光度計(Spectro Eye)により求められる値をいう。黄色度は、200℃、真空下の4時間加熱の前後で測定し、それらの差により判断することができる。
本発明に関し、線熱膨張係数というときは、特に記載した場合を除き、次のように求めた値をいう。対象となるシートをレーザーカッターにより、3mm幅×30mm長に切断する。これをチャック間20mm、荷重10g、窒素雰囲気下、室温から180℃まで5℃/min.で昇温、180℃から25℃まで5℃/min.で降温、25℃から180℃まで5℃/min.で昇温する。2度目に昇温したときの60℃から100℃の測定値から、線熱膨張係数を求める。
本発明に関し、湿度膨張係数というときは、特に記載した場合を除き、適切な湿度伸縮測定装置を用い、本明細書の実施例の項に記載した条件で求めた値をいう。
本発明に関し、水蒸気透過率(g/m2・day)というときは、特に記載した場合を除き、JIS規格K7129に準拠し、適切な水蒸気透過率測定装置を用いて、温度40℃、90%RHの雰囲気下で測定したときの値をいう。
本発明の構成の複合シートとすることにより、表面粗さ、表面硬度、屈曲試験(マンドレル法)等においても優れたシートを得ることができる。これらの試験方法は、当業者にはよく知られている。
本発明の実施態様においては、透明性、高弾性率、低潜熱膨張係数を有するという微細繊維含有シートの特性を活かしつつ、黄変が抑えられ、かつ耐湿性が向上した複合シートが得られる。このような複合シートは、光学特性に優れるため、表示素子、照明素子、太陽電池もしくは窓材、またはこれらのためのパネルもしくは基板として用いるのに適している。
<リン酸変性セルロース繊維の作製>
未叩解針葉樹クラフトパルプ(王子製紙製)を絶乾質量で1000gに、尿素、リン酸ナトリウム(リン原子とナトリウム原子のモル比Na/P=1.45)、水からなる薬液を含浸させ、圧搾し、余剰の薬液を搾り取り、薬液含浸パルプを得た。薬液含浸パルプは絶乾質量で1000gのパルプ、950gの尿素、リン原子として400gのリン酸ナトリウム、1200gの水を含んでいた。薬液含浸パルプを150℃に加熱したオーブンで乾燥、加熱処理し、パルプにリン酸基を導入した。乾燥、加熱工程を経た薬液含浸パルプに、25Lのイオン交換水を注ぎ、攪拌して均一に分散させた後、濾過脱水して、脱水シートを得る工程を2回繰り返した。次いで、得られた脱水シートを25Lのイオン交換水で希釈し、攪拌しながら、1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を少しずつ添加し、pHが11~13のパルプスラリーを得た。その後、このパルプスラリーを脱水し、脱水シートを得た後、再び25Lのイオン交換水を注ぎ、攪拌して均一に分散させた後、濾過脱水して、脱水シートを得る工程を2回繰り返し、リン酸変性セルロース繊維を得た。
洗浄脱水後に得られたパルプにイオン交換水を添加して、1.0質量%のパルプ懸濁液にした。このパルプ懸濁液を、高圧ホモジナイザー(NiroSoavi社製:Panda Plus 2000)で、操作圧力1200barにて5回パスさせ、微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液を得た。さらに、湿式微粒化装置(スギノマシン社製:アルティマイザー)で245MPaの圧力にて5回パスさせ微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(1)を得た。微細繊維状セルロースの平均繊維幅は、4.2nmであった。
微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(1)にポリエチレングリコール(和光純薬社製:分子量400万)を微細繊維状セルロース100質量部に対し、15質量部になるように添加した。なお、固形分濃度が0.5質量%となるよう濃度調製を行った。不織布の仕上がり坪量が37.5g/m2になるように懸濁液を計量して、市販のアクリル板に展開し50℃のオーブンにて乾燥した。なお、所定の坪量となるようアクリル板上には堰止用の板を配置し、得られる不織布が四角形になるようにした。以上の手順により、不織布を得た。得られた不織布の厚さは25μm、密度は1.49g/cm3であった。
ステンレス板の上にスペーサーとして耐熱性ゴムシート(信越化学製、X-30-4084-U)に100mmφの穴をあけたものを載せ、穴の中にエチレングリコール11mLを展開した。そこに5cm四方に切り出した不織布を浸漬し、その上にステンレス板を重ねて、180℃に加熱した熱プレス機(井元製作所製:手動油圧真空加熱プレス)に設置した。置換基脱離処理として、前記不織布を180℃で15分間処理した後、不織布を30mLのメタノールに浸漬し、洗浄を行った。洗浄を3回繰り返し、不織布をガラスに貼り付け、100℃で5分加熱乾燥させ、不織布を得た。
置換基脱離処理時の溶媒をジエチレングリコールとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして不織布を得た。
置換基脱離処理時の溶媒をプロピレングリコールとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして不織布を得た。
置換基脱離処理時の溶媒をペンタンジオールとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして不織布を得た。
置換基脱離処理時の溶媒をオクタンジオールとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして不織布を得た。
置換基脱離処理時の溶媒をデカンジオールとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして不織布を得た。
置換基脱離処理時の溶媒をソルビトールとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして不織布を得た。
置換基脱離処理時の溶媒をグリセリンとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして不織布を得た。
実施例1と同様に得られた微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(1)に体積で1/10の強酸性イオン交換樹脂(オルガノ株式会社製:アンバージェット1024)を加え、1時間振とう処理を行った。その後、目開き90μmのメッシュ上に注ぎ、樹脂とスラリーを分離し、微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(2)を得た。
微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(1)と微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(2)を体積比75:25で混合し、微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(3)を作製し、これを原料として、実施例8と同様に不織布を作製後、置換基脱離処理を実施し、不織布を得た。
微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(1)と微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(2)の混合比を50:50とした以外は、実施例9と同様にして不織布を得た。
微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(1)と微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(2)の混合比を25:75とした以外は、実施例9と同様にして不織布を得た。
微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(1)と微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(2)の混合比を0:100とした以外は、実施例9と同様にして不織布を得た。
置換基脱離の条件を220℃、30分に変更した以外は、実施例8と同様にして不織布を得た。
置換基脱離処理時間を30分に変更以外は、実施例8と同様にして不織布を得た。
置換基脱離処理温度を140℃に変更以外は、実施例14と同様にして不織布を得た。
置換基脱離処理時間を60分に変更以外は、実施例8と同様にして不織布を得た。
置換基脱離処理時間を180分に変更以外は、実施例8と同様にして不織布を得た。
広葉樹クラフトパルプ(LBKP)を105℃で3時間乾燥させて水分3質量%以下の乾燥パルプを得た。次いで、乾燥パルプ4gと無水マレイン酸4g(乾燥パルプ100質量部に対して100質量部)をオートクレーブに充填し、150℃で2時間処理した。次いで、無水マレイン酸で処理されたパルプを500mLの水で3回洗浄した後、イオン交換水を添加して490mLのスラリーを調製した。次いで、スラリーを攪拌しながら、4Nの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液10mLを少しずつ添加し、スラリーのpHを12~13として、パルプをアルカリ処理した。その後、pHが8以下になるまで、アルカリ処理後のパルプを水で洗浄した。洗浄脱水後に得られたパルプにイオン交換水を添加して、1.0質量%のパルプ懸濁液にした。このパルプ懸濁液を、高圧ホモジナイザー(NiroSoavi社製:Panda Plus 2000)で、操作圧力1200barにて5回パスさせ、微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液を得た。さらに、湿式微粒化装置(スギノマシン社製:アルティマイザー)で245MPaの圧力にて5回パスさせ微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(4)を得た。微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(4)を原料として、実施例8と同様に不織布を作製後、置換基脱離処理を実施し、不織布を得た。
実施例8により得られた不織布を基材とし、下記の手順で基材両面に樹脂層を積層した。シルセスキオキサン系樹脂(荒川化学工業社製「コンポセランSQ107」)26重量部、硬化剤(荒川化学工業社製「HBSQ201」)14重量部、イソプロピルアルコール60重量部を混合し、塗工液を得た。次いで、基材の片面に塗工液をメイヤーバーにて塗工した。その後、100℃で3分間乾燥した後、UVコンベア装置(アイグラフィックス社製「ECS-4011GX」)を用いて300mJ/cm2の紫外線を照射して、塗工液を硬化し、厚さ5μmの樹脂層を製膜した。さらに、反対側の面にも同様の手順で厚さ5μmの樹脂層を製膜し、基材と樹脂の複合体を得た。
基材を実施例10により得られた不織布とした以外は実施例19と同様の手順で樹脂の複合体を得た。
置換基脱離処理を行わない以外は、実施例1と同様にして不織布を得た。
置換基脱離処理時の溶媒を水とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして不織布を得た。
置換基脱離処理を行わない以外は、実施例18と同様にして不織布を得た。
置換基脱離処理時の溶媒を水とした以外は、実施例18と同様にして不織布を得た。
シルセスキオキサン系樹脂(荒川化学工業社製「コンポセランSQ107」)26重量部、硬化剤(荒川化学工業社製「HBSQ201」)14重量部、イソプロピルアルコール60重量部を混合した後、厚みが35μmになるよう混合液を計算して、市販のアクリル板に展開した。その後、100℃で3分間乾燥した後、UVコンベア装置(アイグラフィックス社製「ECS-4011GX」)を用いて300mJ/cm2の紫外線を照射して、硬化を行い、樹脂シートを得た。
<方法>
実施例1~18、および比較例1~4で作製した不織布について以下の評価方法に従って評価を実施した。また、実施例19および20、ならびに比較例5の複合体シートについても、評価した。
JIS規格K7105に準拠し、ヘーズメータ(スガ試験機社製)を用いてC光による全光線透過率を測定した。
得られた不織布を200℃、真空下で4時間加熱した後、ASTM規格に準拠し、E313黄色インデックスをGretag Macbeth社製ハンディ分光光度計(Spectro Eye)を用いて測定した。
蛍光X線分析により、不織布中のリンおよびナトリウム原子濃度を測定した。すなわち、不織布にX線を照射したときにリンあるいはナトリウム原子の内殻電子が励起されて生じた空孔に、外殻の電子が遷移する際に放出されるリンあるいはナトリウム原子の特性X線の強度を測定することによって、リンあるいはナトリウム原子の濃度を得た。
測定条件は以下の通りである。
・測定サンプル:直径27mmの円形サンプル
・X線管:Rh管
・対陰極:ロジウム
・分光結晶:Ge111 (リン)、PX1 (ナトリウム)
・励起光エネルギー:32kV-125mA
・測定線:リン P-Kα1、ナトリウム Na―Kα1
・2θ角ピーク:141.112(リン)、28.020(ナトリウム)
・測定時間:54秒(リン)、50秒(ナトリウム)
JIS規格K7136に準拠し、スガ試験機製ヘーズメータを用いてC光によるヘーズ値を測定した。
得られた複合体をレーザーカッターにより、3mm幅×30mm長に切断した。これを、SII製TMA120を用いて引っ張りモードでチャック間20mm、荷重10g、窒素雰囲気下、室温から180℃まで5℃/min.で昇温、180℃から25℃まで5℃/min.で降温、25℃から180℃まで5℃/min.で昇温した際の2度目の昇温時の60℃から100℃の測定値から線熱膨張係数を求めた。
結果を表1および表2に示した。
<リン酸変性セルロース繊維の作製>
未叩解針葉樹クラフトパルプ(王子製紙製)を絶乾質量で1000gに、尿素、リン酸ナトリウム(リン原子とナトリウム原子のモル比Na/P=1.45)、水からなる薬液を含浸させ、圧搾し、余剰の薬液を搾り取り、薬液含浸パルプを得た。薬液含浸パルプは絶乾質量で1000gのパルプ、950gの尿素、リン原子として400gのリン酸ナトリウム、1200gの水を含んでいた。薬液含浸パルプを150℃に加熱したオーブンで乾燥、加熱処理し、パルプにリン酸基を導入した。乾燥、加熱工程を経た薬液含浸パルプに、25Lのイオン交換水を注ぎ、攪拌して均一に分散させた後、濾過脱水して、脱水シートを得る工程を2回繰り返した。次いで、得られた脱水シートを25Lのイオン交換水で希釈し、攪拌しながら、1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を少しずつ添加し、pHが11~13のパルプスラリーを得た。その後、このパルプスラリーを脱水し、脱水シートを得た後、再び25Lのイオン交換水を注ぎ、攪拌して均一に分散させた後、濾過脱水して、脱水シートを得る工程を2回繰り返し、リン酸変性セルロース繊維を得た。
洗浄脱水後に得られたパルプにイオン交換水を添加して、1.0質量%のパルプ懸濁液にした。このパルプ懸濁液を、高圧ホモジナイザー(NiroSoavi社製:Panda Plus 2000)で、操作圧力1200barにて5回パスさせ、微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液を得た。さらに、湿式微粒化装置(スギノマシン社製:アルティマイザー)で245MPaの圧力にて5回パスさせ微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(1)を得た。微細繊維状セルロースの平均繊維幅は、4.2nmであった。
微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(1)にポリエチレングリコール(和光純薬社製:分子量400万)を微細繊維状セルロース100質量部に対し、15質量部になるように添加した。なお、固形分濃度が0.5質量%となるよう濃度調製を行った。不織布の仕上がり坪量が45g/m2になるように懸濁液を計量して、市販のアクリル板に展開し50℃のオーブンにて乾燥した。なお、所定の坪量となるようアクリル板上には堰止用の板を配置し、得られる不織布が四角形になるようにした。以上の手順により、不織布を得た。得られた不織布の厚さは30μmであった。
ガラス板の上に10cm角に切り出した不織布を置き、オートクレーブ(株式会社トミー精工製 ES-315)を用いて、120℃で120分高圧蒸気処理を実施した。その後、不織布を150mLの脱イオン水に浸し、洗浄を行った、洗浄を3回繰り返し、不織布をガラスに貼り付け、室温で24時間乾燥させ、不織布を得た。
高圧蒸気処理を120℃240分実施した以外は、実施例21と同様にして不織布を得た。
高圧蒸気処理を120℃360分実施した以外は、実施例21と同様にして不織布を得た。
高圧蒸気処理を130℃240分実施した以外は、実施例21と同様にして不織布を得た。
広葉樹クラフトパルプ(LBKP)を105℃で3時間乾燥させて水分3質量%以下の乾燥パルプを得た。次いで、乾燥パルプ4gと無水マレイン酸4g(乾燥パルプ100質量部に対して100質量部)をオートクレーブに充填し、150℃で2時間処理した。次いで、無水マレイン酸で処理されたパルプを500mLの水で3回洗浄した後、イオン交換水を添加して490mLのスラリーを調製した。次いで、スラリーを攪拌しながら、4Nの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液10mLを少しずつ添加し、スラリーのpHを12~13として、パルプをアルカリ処理した。その後、pHが8以下になるまで、アルカリ処理後のパルプを水で洗浄した。洗浄脱水後に得られたパルプにイオン交換水を添加して、1.0質量%のパルプ懸濁液にした。このパルプ懸濁液を、高圧ホモジナイザー(NiroSoavi社製:Panda Plus 2000)で、操作圧力1200barにて5回パスさせ、微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液を得た。さらに、湿式微粒化装置(スギノマシン社製:アルティマイザー)で245MPaの圧力にて5回パスさせ微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(2)を得た。微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(2)を原料として、実施例21と同様に不織布を作製後、高圧蒸気処理を実施し、不織布を得た。
高圧蒸気処理を行わない以外は、実施例21と同様にして不織布を得た。
高圧蒸気処理を行わない以外は、実施例25と同様にして不織布を得た。
<方法>
実施例21~25および比較例6~7で作製した不織布について、実施例1~20および比較例1~5と同じ方法で、(1)全光線透過率、(2)黄色度、および(3)リン酸基量およびカルボキシル基量を測定した。
結果を表3に示した。
<リン酸化微細セルロース繊維の作製>
尿素100g、リン酸二水素ナトリウム二水和物55.3g、リン酸水素二ナトリウム41.3gを109gの水に溶解させてリン酸化試薬を調製した。
乾燥した針葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(王子ホールディングス製)の抄上げシートをカッターミル及びピンミルで処理し、綿状の繊維にした。この綿状の繊維を絶乾質量で100g取り、リン酸化試薬をスプレーでまんべんなく吹きかけた後、手で練り合わせ、薬液含浸パルプを得た。
得られた薬液含浸パルプを140℃に加熱したダンパー付きの送風乾燥機にて、80分間加熱処理し、リン酸化パルプを得た。
得られたリン酸化パルプをパルプ質量で100g分取し、10Lのイオン交換水を注ぎ、攪拌して均一に分散させた後、濾過脱水して、脱水シートを得る工程を2回繰り返した。次いで、得られた脱水シートを10Lのイオン交換水で希釈し、攪拌しながら、1Nの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を少しずつ添加し、pHが12~13のパルプスラリーを得た。その後、このパルプスラリーを脱水し、脱水シートを得た後、10Lのイオン交換水を注ぎ、攪拌して均一に分散させた後、濾過脱水して、脱水シートを得る工程を2回繰り返し、リン酸変性セルロース繊維を得た。滴定法で求められたリン酸基の導入量は1.1mmol/gであった。
洗浄脱水後に得られたパルプにイオン交換水を添加して、0.5質量%のパルプ懸濁液にした。このパルプ懸濁液を、このスラリーを、解繊処理装置(エムテクニック社製、クレアミックス-2.2S)を用いて、21500回転/分の条件で30分間解繊処理し、微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(1)を得た。
得られた微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(1)に体積で1/10の強酸性イオン交換樹脂(オルガノ株式会社製:アンバージェット1024)を加え、1時間振とう処理を行った。その後、目開き90μmのメッシュ上に注ぎ、樹脂とスラリーを分離し、微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(2)を得た。
微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(1)と微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(2)を体積比75:25で混合し、微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(3)を作製した。
微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(3)にポリエチレングリコール(和光純薬社製:分子量400万)を微細繊維状セルロース100質量部に対し、15質量部になるように添加した。不織布の仕上がり坪量が37.5g/m2になるように懸濁液を計量して、市販のアクリル板に展開し50℃のオーブンにて乾燥した。なお、所定の坪量となるようアクリル板上には堰止用の板を配置し、得られる不織布が四角形になるようにした。以上の手順により、不織布を得た。得られた不織布の厚さは25μmであった。
微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(1)と微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(2)の混合比を50:50とした以外は、実施例26と同様にして不織布を得た。
実施例27により得られた不織布を基材とし、下記の手順で基材両面に樹脂層を積層した。シルセスキオキサン系樹脂(荒川化学工業社製「コンポセランSQ107」)26重量部、硬化剤(荒川化学工業社製「HBSQ201」)14重量部、イソプロピルアルコール60重量部を混合し、塗工液を得た。次いで、基材の片面に塗工液をメイヤーバーにて塗工した。その後、100℃で3分間乾燥した後、UVコンベア装置(アイグラフィックス社製「ECS-4011GX」)を用いて300mJ/cm2の紫外線を照射して、塗工液を硬化し、厚さ5μmの樹脂層を製膜した。さらに、反対側の面にも同様の手順で厚さ5μmの樹脂層を製膜し、基材と樹脂の複合体を得た。
微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(1)と微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(2)の混合比を100:0とした以外は、実施例26と同様にして不織布を得た。
微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(1)と微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(2)の混合比を0:100とした以外は、実施例26と同様にして不織布を得た。
<カルボキシル化微細セルロース繊維の作製>
乾燥質量200g相当分の未乾燥の針葉樹晒クラフトパルプとTEMPO2.5gと、臭化ナトリウム25gとを水1500mlに分散させた後、13質量%次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液を、1.0gのパルプに対して次亜塩素酸ナトリウムの量が5.4mmolになるように加えて反応を開始した。反応中は0.5Mの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を滴下してpHを10~11に保ち、pHに変化が見られなくなった時点で反応終了と見なした。
その後、このパルプスラリーを脱水し、脱水シートを得た後、10Lのイオン交換水を注ぎ、攪拌して均一に分散させた後、濾過脱水して、脱水シートを得る工程を2回繰り返した。滴定法で求められたカルボキシル基の導入量は1.0mmol/gであった。
洗浄脱水後に得られたパルプにイオン交換水を添加して、0.5質量%のパルプ懸濁液にした。このパルプ懸濁液を、このスラリーを、解繊処理装置(エムテクニック社製、クレアミックス-2.2S)を用いて、21500回転/分の条件で30分間解繊処理し、繊維状セルロース懸濁液(4)を得た。
得られた微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(4)に体積で1/10の強酸性イオン交換樹脂(オルガノ株式会社製:アンバージェット1024)を加え、1時間振とう処理を行った。その後、目開き90μmのメッシュ上に注ぎ、樹脂とスラリーを分離し、微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(5)を得た。
微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(4)と微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(5)を体積比50:50で混合し、微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(6)を作製した。
微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(6)にポリエチレングリコール(和光純薬社製:分子量400万)を微細繊維状セルロース100質量部に対し、15質量部になるように添加した。不織布の仕上がり坪量が37.5g/m2になるように懸濁液を計量して、市販のアクリル板に展開し50℃のオーブンにて乾燥した。なお、所定の坪量となるようアクリル板上には堰止用の板を配置し、得られる不織布が四角形になるようにした。以上の手順により、不織布を得た。得られた不織布の厚さは25μmであった。
微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(4)と微細繊維状セルロース懸濁液(5)の混合比を100:0とした以外は、比較例10と同様にして不織布を得た。
シルセスキオキサン系樹脂(荒川化学工業社製「コンポセランSQ107」)26重量部、硬化剤(荒川化学工業社製「HBSQ201」)14重量部、イソプロピルアルコール60重量部を混合した後、厚みが35μmになるよう混合液を計算して、市販のアクリル板に展開した。その後、100℃で3分間乾燥した後、UVコンベア装置(アイグラフィックス社製「ECS-4011GX」)を用いて300mJ/cm2の紫外線を照射して、硬化を行い、樹脂シートを得た。
<方法>
実施例26、27、および比較例8~11の不織布について、また、実施例28、および比較例12の複合体シートについて、実施例1~20および比較例1~5と同じ方法で、(1)全光線透過率、(2)黄色度、(3)リン酸基量およびカルボキシル基量、(4)ヘーズ、および(5)線熱膨張係数を測定した。
結果を表4~5に示した。
Claims (19)
- 微細繊維含有シートの製造方法において、少なくとも(a)繊維原料に静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基を導入して、置換基導入繊維を得る工程と(b)工程(a)で得られた置換基導入繊維を機械処理して、置換基導入微細繊維を得る工程と(c)工程(b)で得られた置換基導入微細繊維からシートを調製する工程と(d)工程(c)で得られたシートから導入置換基の少なくとも一部を脱離させる工程を有する微細繊維含有シートの製造方法。
- 工程(d)が、工程(c)で得られたシートを水および/またはアルコールで処理して導入置換基の少なくとも一部を脱離させる工程である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 工程(d)の水および/またはアルコールで処理することが、水および/またはアルコールの蒸気による処理である、請求項2に記載の製造方法。
- 蒸気が、0.1MPa~30MPaの高圧蒸気である、請求項3に記載の製造方法。
- 工程(d)が、工程(c)で得られたシートを多価アルコールで処理して導入置換基の少なくとも一部を脱離させる工程である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 多価アルコールがOH/C比が0.2以上であるものである、請求項5に記載の製造方法。
- 静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基が、リン酸由来の基、カルボン酸由来の基および硫酸由来の基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 繊維原料がセルロースおよび/またはキチン、キトサンを含有する材料である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 微細繊維の平均繊維幅が2~1000nmである、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 静電的および/または立体的な官能性を持つ置換基が、リン酸由来の基であり、工程(a)の後であって工程(c)の前に、さらに(e)置換基導入繊維または置換基導入微細繊維の中和度を変更する工程を有する、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 工程(e)が、中和度が15~85%となるように行われる、請求項10に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載された製造方法により製造される、微細繊維含有シート。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により製造される微細繊維含有シートからなる基材シート層、および基材シート層の少なくとも一方の側に形成された、無機層および/または有機層を含む、複合シート。
- 基材シート層の厚みが、0.1~1200μmである、請求項13に記載の複合シート。
- 無機層が、酸化ケイ素、窒化ケイ素、酸化炭化ケイ素、酸化窒化ケイ素、酸化炭化窒化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム、窒化アルミニウム、酸化炭化アルミニウムおよび酸化窒化アルミニウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項13または14に記載の複合シート。
- 有機層が、熱硬化性樹脂または光硬化性樹脂を含む、請求項13~15のいずれか1項に記載の複合シート。
- 基材シート層の少なくとも一方の側に、無機層、および無機層に積層された有機層が形成された、または有機層、および有機層に積層された無機層が形成された、請求項13~16のいずれか1項に記載の、複合シート。
- 請求項13~17のいずれか1項に記載の複合シートを用いた、フレキシブルディスプレイ、太陽電池、照明素子、表示素子、タッチパネル、窓材または構造材。
- 請求項13~17に記載の複合シート、または請求項18に記載の太陽電池、照明素子、表示素子、タッチパネル、窓材または構造材を用いた、製品。
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| US15/313,804 US10273633B2 (en) | 2014-05-26 | 2015-05-19 | Methods for producing ultrafine fiber and ultrafine fiber-containing sheet, sheet obtained thereby, and resin composite comprising laminated resins |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3150762A1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
| CN112482065A (zh) | 2021-03-12 |
| TWI716892B (zh) | 2021-01-21 |
| EP3150762B1 (en) | 2020-09-23 |
| TW201544533A (zh) | 2015-12-01 |
| CN112482071A (zh) | 2021-03-12 |
| TW201940560A (zh) | 2019-10-16 |
| JP6787442B2 (ja) | 2020-11-18 |
| US20170183820A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
| EP3150762B9 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
| US10273633B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 |
| TWI667270B (zh) | 2019-08-01 |
| EP3150762A4 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
| CN112519333A (zh) | 2021-03-19 |
| JP2021014673A (ja) | 2021-02-12 |
| CN106661840A (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
| JPWO2015182438A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
| JP7396976B2 (ja) | 2023-12-12 |
| JP6520934B2 (ja) | 2019-05-29 |
| JP2019116716A (ja) | 2019-07-18 |
| KR20170012306A (ko) | 2017-02-02 |
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