WO2015180540A1 - Combustion gas turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

A combustion gas turbine relates to the field of automobile industry. The combustion gas turbine uses a combustion gas turbine technology in which a closed waste-gas circulation and an opened combustion-gas circulation coexist. The combustion gas turbine can recycle residual heat and leaving-speed kinetic energy of a power turbine to improve the heat efficiency of the combustion gas turbine and reduce oil consumption when the combustion gas turbine has a low load or an idle speed. The working principle of the combustion gas turbine is as follows: a waste-gas circulation gas-compressor (1), a high-pressure gas pipe (6) and a power turbine (3) form a closed waste-gas circulation; an air compressor (10), a gas storage tank (11), an electromagnetic valve (9), a fuel mixed gas inlet pipe (7), a combustion chamber (5), the power turbine (3) and an exhaust pipe (2) form an opened combustion-gas circulation; gas flows of the two circulations are mixed at an outlet of the combustion chamber (5), heat exchange is performed, then the power turbine (3) is driven to work, and finally, power is output by means of a transmission shaft (4). A rotor of the combustion gas turbine may be a full radial-flow rooter, and a waste-gas circulation impeller (201), a power impeller (203) and a new wind impeller (210) are sequentially sleeved on the same transmission shaft (4), so as to reduce the assembly space and cost. A fuel mixed gas inlet (507) of the combustion chamber (5) is perpendicular to a spiral heating resistor (53), and a temperature-control uniform-combustion technology is realized to reduce generation of a nitrogen oxide and meet increasingly stringent emission requirements on automobiles.

Description

Gas turbine

The invention relates to the field of automobile industry and is a gas turbine suitable for automobile use.

At present, four-stroke gasoline engines and diesel engines are commonly used in automobile engines, which have the disadvantages of large vibration and noise, high exhaust gas pollution and low thermal efficiency. Although the existing gas turbine has the advantages of light weight and small volume, it emits a large amount of exhaust gas at a low load and an idle speed, causing unnecessary heat loss, resulting in excessive fuel consumption, and has not been widely assembled to the automobile. In addition, the existing gas turbine combustor is a combustion technology using a flame tube scheme, and has the disadvantage that nitrogen oxides are easily generated due to high flame center temperature. Nitrogen oxides are not easily decomposed under natural conditions, and they form a haze that endangers human health.

Therefore, the gas turbine can only solve the problem of high fuel consumption of the gas turbine under low load and idle conditions, and the combustion temperature of the combustion chamber can be controlled, and the combustion medium can be uniformly burned to effectively suppress the generation of nitrogen oxides. The gas turbine can meet the increasingly strict fuel consumption of the automobile. And emission requirements.

The invention provides a gas turbine technology in which an exhaust gas closed loop and a combustion gas opening cycle coexist, the exhaust gas closed loop can reduce the exhaust loss, and the combustion gas opening cycle can keep the internal pressure substantially stable.

The technical solution of the present invention is:

A gas turbine includes an exhaust gas recirculation compressor, an exhaust pipe, a power turbine, a drive shaft, a combustion chamber, a high pressure gas pipe, a fuel mixed gas inlet pipe, a fuel injection nozzle, an electromagnetic valve, an air compressor, and a gas storage tank, and is characterized in that The exhaust gas recirculation compressor, the high pressure gas pipe and the power turbine form an exhaust gas closed loop; the air compressor, the gas storage tank, the electromagnetic valve, the fuel mixed gas inlet pipe, the combustion chamber, the power turbine and the exhaust pipe form a combustion gas opening cycle. The two circulating gases mix and exchange heat at the exit of the combustion chamber to push the power turbine to work, and finally output power through the drive shaft.

In order to reduce the axial dimension, the above-mentioned gas turbine can all adopt a radial flow impeller. The full radial flow rotor includes an exhaust gas circulation impeller, a power impeller, a fresh air impeller, a nut, a heat insulation plate and a transmission shaft; and the exhaust gas circulation impeller, The power impeller and the fresh air impeller are sequentially set on the same transmission shaft, and the air inlet of the exhaust gas circulation impeller and the air outlet of the power impeller are oppositely connected.

In addition, in order to suppress the generation of nitrogen oxides, the gas turbine adopts a combustion chamber with a temperature-controlled homogeneous combustion technology, including a combustion chamber casing, a refractory insulation layer, a heating resistor, a fuel mixture inlet, a heating resistor power terminal, and a heating resistor ground terminal. It is characterized in that a spiral-shaped heating resistor is placed in the turbine combustion chamber and the fuel mixture inlet direction is perpendicular to the heating resistor.

The technical effect of the present invention is that the above technical solution can fully recover the residual heat and residual kinetic energy of the power turbine to improve the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine and reduce the fuel consumption of the gas turbine at low load and idle speed; if the gas turbine adopts a full radial flow rotor, it also has a structure. The compact, simple assembly process and low cost advantages; the combustion chamber of the temperature-controlled homogeneous combustion technology can realize that the fuel mixture can be uniformly burned in the gas turbine combustion chamber and the combustion temperature can be controlled to reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides. The combustion medium used in it can be fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel, or renewable energy fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel.

 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention and is a summary drawing.

 It is a structural diagram of a full radial rotor.

 It is a structural diagram of the combustion chamber of the temperature-controlled homogeneous combustion technology.

In the figure, 1. Exhaust gas circulation compressor, 2. Exhaust pipe, 3. Power turbine, 4. Drive shaft, 5. Combustion chamber, 6.                 High pressure gas pipe, 7. fuel mixture gas inlet pipe, 8. fuel injector, 9. electromagnetic valve, 10. air compressor, 11. gas storage tank, 201.                 Exhaust gas circulation impeller, 203. Power impeller, 210. Fresh air impeller, 21. nut, 22. Thermal insulation board, 51.                 Combustion chamber shell, 52. refractory insulation layer, 53. heating resistor, 507. fuel mixture inlet, 55. heating resistor power terminal, 56. heating resistor ground.

The invention will now be further described with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.

Referring to Figure 1, the exhaust gas recirculating compressor (1), the high pressure gas pipe (6) and the power turbine (3) form an exhaust gas closed loop; the air compressor (10), the gas storage tank (11), the electromagnetic valve (9), the fuel mixture The gas inlet pipe (7), the combustion chamber (5), the power turbine (3) and the exhaust pipe (2) form a combustion gas opening cycle. The two circulating air streams mix and exchange heat at the outlet of the combustion chamber (5), then push the power turbine (3) to work, and finally output power through the transmission shaft (4).

For the purpose of combustion, fresh air is forced into the gas storage tank (11) by the air compressor (10), and the gas pressure of the gas storage tank (11) is higher than the pressure of the outlet of the exhaust gas circulation compressor (1). The injector (8) will spray different amounts of oil under different working conditions of the gas turbine, and the amount of intake air can be adjusted by the electromagnetic valve (9) so that the fuel mixture meets the requirements of the air-fuel ratio. The exhaust pipe (2) is connected between the exhaust gas recirculating compressor (1) and the power turbine (3) and is passed to the atmosphere, which means that the pressure at the outlet end of the power turbine (3) is approximately equal to the atmospheric pressure, and the fuel mixture is fed into the pipe. (7) The inflowing air flow rate is approximately equal to the air flow rate discharged from the exhaust pipe (2).

For example, when the gas turbine is operating at low load and idle speed, the fuel injector (8) pulsates the fuel in a pulsed manner, and the electromagnetic valve (9) also pulsates the corresponding chemical equivalent air, and only a small portion of the exhaust gas is exhausted from the exhaust pipe. (2) Exhaust, most of the exhaust gas is sucked into the gas turbine by the exhaust gas recirculating compressor (1) to form a circulation, thereby reducing exhaust loss. When the car is dragging and decelerating and dragging the gas turbine, the injector (8) and the electromagnetic valve (9) are both in the closed state, the air flow into the fuel mixture inlet pipe (7) is equal to zero, and the air discharged from the exhaust pipe (2) The flow rate is also equal to zero, and the temperature of the gas turbine will not be significantly reduced during the brake cut-off because the gas turbine is operating in a closed loop state.

Referring to Fig. 2, in order to reduce the axial dimension, the gas turbine rotor can all adopt the radial flow impeller, and the full radial flow rotor sequentially sets the exhaust gas circulation impeller (201), the power impeller (203) and the fresh air impeller (210) on the transmission shaft (4). The upper end is pressed with a nut (21), and the air inlet of the exhaust gas circulation impeller (201) is connected to the air outlet of the power impeller (203). Due to the high operating temperature of the power impeller (203), the power impeller (203) and the fresh air impeller (210) are insulated from each other by a heat shield (22). The exhaust gas circulation impeller (201), the power impeller (203) and the fresh air impeller (210) all adopt the radial flow mode, and have the characteristics of small axial dimension and large single-stage pressure ratio compared with the axial flow type, and the radial clearance thereof. The change is not sensitive and the seismic performance is good.

Referring to Figure 3, a combustion chamber using a temperature-controlled homogeneous combustion technique is employed, and a refractory insulation layer (52) is placed on the inner wall of the combustion chamber casing (51) to reduce heat loss. A spiral heating resistor (53) is placed in the turbine combustion chamber, and the heating resistor ground (56) is grounded to the combustion chamber casing (51) by bolts, and the heating resistor terminal (55) and the heating resistor ground (56) are connected. ) is disposed in a low temperature zone near the fuel mixture inlet (507). The fuel mixture inlet (507) is perpendicular to the spiral-shaped heating resistor (53), so that the combustion gas flow rises in a turbulent manner in the combustion chamber, increasing the collision probability of the fuel molecules and the heating resistor (53), so that the fuel mixture enters the combustion. After the chamber, it can be fully atomized to achieve uniform combustion.

When the gas turbine operates at low load, the lean current is achieved by increasing the current of the heating resistor (53) so that the temperature in the combustion chamber is higher than the light-off temperature of the lean fuel mixture. When the gas turbine is working at high load, if the temperature in the combustion chamber is higher than                 1500K can reduce the current of the heating resistor (53) and increase the air-fuel ratio of the fuel mixture, so that the temperature in the combustion chamber can be controlled.

Claims (3)

A gas turbine includes an exhaust gas circulation compressor, an exhaust pipe, a power turbine, a drive shaft, a combustion chamber, a high pressure gas pipe, a fuel mixed gas inlet pipe, a fuel injection nozzle, an electromagnetic valve, an air compressor, and a gas storage tank; The exhaust gas recirculation compressor, the high pressure gas pipe and the power turbine form an exhaust gas closed loop; the air compressor, the gas storage tank, the electromagnetic valve, the fuel mixed gas inlet pipe, the combustion chamber, the power turbine and the exhaust pipe form a combustion gas opening cycle. The gas turbine according to claim 1, wherein the rotor is a full-diameter rotor comprising an exhaust gas circulation impeller, a power impeller, a fresh air impeller, a nut, a heat shield and a drive shaft; and the exhaust gas circulation impeller, the power impeller and The fresh air impellers are sequentially placed on the same transmission shaft, and the air inlets of the exhaust gas circulation impeller and the air outlets of the power impeller are opposite each other.  The gas turbine according to claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber comprises a combustion chamber casing, a refractory insulation layer, a heating resistor, a fuel mixture inlet, a heating resistor power terminal, and a heating resistor ground; wherein the spiral is placed in the turbine combustion chamber. The shape of the heating resistor and the fuel mixture inlet direction is perpendicular to the heating resistor.

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