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WO2015177391A1 - Électrolyte nanostructuré utile pour le dessalement par osmose directe, procédé d'obtention de l'électrolyte et utilisations associées - Google Patents

Électrolyte nanostructuré utile pour le dessalement par osmose directe, procédé d'obtention de l'électrolyte et utilisations associées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015177391A1
WO2015177391A1 PCT/ES2015/070391 ES2015070391W WO2015177391A1 WO 2015177391 A1 WO2015177391 A1 WO 2015177391A1 ES 2015070391 W ES2015070391 W ES 2015070391W WO 2015177391 A1 WO2015177391 A1 WO 2015177391A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
nanoparticles
solution
water
magnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/ES2015/070391
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Sabino Veintemillas Verdaguer
María del Puerto MORALES HERRERO
Carlos Serna Pereda
Cristina MARSANS ASTORECA
Verónica LÓPEZ HERRERO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jayim Mayin Slu
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC
Original Assignee
Jayim Mayin Slu
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC
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Publication of WO2015177391A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015177391A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
    • C01G49/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/20—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
    • H01F1/22—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
    • H01F1/24—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated
    • H01F1/26—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated by macromolecular organic substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis

Definitions

  • the invention falls within the technical sector of filter materials for the treatment of fluids, more specifically those used in the desalination processes of both continental and sea waters and in the field of nanotechnology development.
  • the invention relates to a new nanostructured electrolyte based on magnetic iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles, which allows it to be easily separated with a magnet, and therefore reusable.
  • the electrolyte comprises a ligand covering the surface tightly bound to the nanoparticle at one end and at the other contains a functional group that provides high osmotic pressure for use in processes of purification of sea or continental water by direct osmosis.
  • magnetic nanoparticles provide the ability to use immobilizing magnetic fields for separation. Unlike the separation processes of the extracting solute based on the heating of the solution or ultrafiltration, the magnetic field acts exclusively on the electrolyte that is intended to separate and not on the whole of the solution (heating) or on the water (ultrafiltration ) and is, in principle, an alternative of lower energy cost. Recovery can be carried out through the use of external magnetic fields and their recycling is possible thanks to the nanometric character of the nanoparticles.
  • the polyacid constitutes a weight percentage of between 5 and 10% of the electrolyte
  • the nanoparticles have a size between 20 and 100 nm and a specific surface area between 70 and 23 m 2 / g, and
  • the polyacid may be composed of the union of monomers containing acidic groups including at least one of the following: polyacrylic acid and its derivatives, understood as derivatives other polymers where polyacrylic acid blocks are included together with blocks of other polymers or polymethacrylic acid .
  • polyacrylic acid of a molecular weight less than 3000 Da.
  • the average electrolyte size deviation is less than 20%.
  • the invention provides in a second aspect a process for obtaining the electrolyte of the first aspect, said process comprising the following steps: a) preparing magnetic nanoparticles, whose core is magnetite, by oxidative precipitation of iron (II) salts in basic medium in the absence of oxygen; b) thermally treat the nanoparticles, in the presence of polyacids and in the presence of a non-aqueous boiling point solvent greater than 200 ° C under a nitrogen atmosphere, and simultaneously distill wastewater at a temperature between 200 - 300 ° C; and c) separate the electrolyte.
  • step a) comprises the following steps: a1) prepare under nitrogen a solution A containing sodium nitrate and sodium hydroxide in degassed water, a2) prepare a solution B with ferrous sulfate heptahydrate in a solution of sulfuric acid, a3) add solution B on A under stirring at more than 300 rpm, a4) transfer a suspension of green iron oxohydroxide, C, formed from the mixture of solution B on A in the previous step a3, to a previously heated thermostatic vessel up to 90 ° C where the suspension is left at that temperature and without stirring for more than 20 hours, a5) extract the cold suspension from the nitrogen atmosphere, a6) separate the nanoparticles from the suspension, and a7 ) Dry the nanoparticles to remove traces of moisture.
  • the nanoparticles are dried at 200 ° C for 1 to 4 hours to remove moisture residues.
  • the agitation of step a3) must be vigorous at more than 300 rpm because it influences the size of nanoparticles that are formed.
  • the stirring can be magnetic but preferably mechanical.
  • the heat treatment of step b) comprises the following steps: b1) preparing a solution of polyacid in a non-aqueous solvent of boiling point greater than 200 ° C, b2) add the nanoparticles prepared in step a) to the polyacid solution prepared, b3) heat the mixture obtained in step b2) using a stirred reactor at a temperature between 200 - 300 ° C, b4) distill the water until the boiling temperature of the solvent is reached, b5) maintain the boiling temperature for at least 30 min, b6) cool to room temperature, and b7) separate the electrolyte from the solution.
  • the non-aqueous solvent may be triethylene glycol and, in this case, the temperature of the heat treatment is between 200 and 300 ° C, more preferably at 275 ° C. 1: 25 nanoparticle / polyacrylic acid weight ratios can be used for nanoparticles of 20 nm or less and 1: 15 for those larger than 20 nm.
  • the electrolyte separation from step c) can be carried out by adding acetone by means of a magnetic separator or by natural decantation.
  • the process of the second aspect can be carried out in cavities with means for the introduction and exit of the necessary chemical compounds, in a particular embodiment the reactor is a reflux stirred tank type.
  • the electrolytes of the solution are separated by the addition of acetone by means of a magnetic separator.
  • the procedure for obtaining the coated nanoparticles occurs in a single step, so they do not have as much control over the size and crystallinity of the nanoparticles.
  • the nanoparticles are first obtained and then coated with the polyacid.
  • the nanoparticles are synthesized in water and must be removed well to be able to coat with polyacid forming a covalent bond. This has been solved by distilling the water at the same time it is coated to allow the reaction temperature to rise.
  • the nanoparticles are synthesized in water and subsequently dried at high temperature so that the amount of water they contain is minimal.
  • triethylene glycol or other boiling point solvents close to 275 ° C are used. If these solvents contain a percentage of water or if the nanoparticles are not completely dried, the excess water must be removed in order to reach the reaction temperature and get the polyacid to covalently bind the nanoparticles, this can be done simultaneously by distillation .
  • the reactor used consists of a system that allows to extract the water that condenses in the reflux system of the reactor.
  • FIG. 1 Magnetization curve as a function of the magnetic field applied to the 50 nm nanoparticles of this invention in compacted powder measured on a magnetometer, (MLVSM9 MagLab 9 T, Oxford Instrument).
  • Figure 3 Thermogravimetric analysis (at 10 ° C / min in flow of 100 cm 3 / min of air, Seiko Exstar 6300 instrument) indicating the weight loss based on the temperature of A) the 20 nm magnetic nanoparticles obtained in step a of the process and B) the electrolyte of the invention, when they have already gone through step b) of the process.
  • Figure 7 Design of a water purification plant by direct osmosis on a laboratory scale.
  • the present invention allows, in a single synthesis process, to obtain a greater amount of electrolyte with great ease for its magnetic extraction, which in turn makes it possible to increase the performance of the osmosis process in desalination plants.
  • the invention consists of a new nanostructured electrolyte that has a larger nanoparticle size, up to 100 nm, and that is easily separable by magnetic means.
  • the electrolyte is based on high magnetization iron oxide nanoparticles, close to the magnetite values in the form of massive material, 90 emu / g (around 3.1 E-14 emu per nanoparticle) coated with a functional group, specifically with a polymer, polyacrylic acid, which provides high osmotic pressure (values greater than 27 atm) and that can be used as a solute extractor of water in direct osmosis processes.
  • the polyacid is composed of the union of monomers containing acid groups including at least one of the following: polyacrylic acid or its derivatives or polymethacrylic acid, understood as derivatives other polymers where polyacrylic acid blocks are included next to blocks of other polymers or polymethacrylic acid.
  • polyacrylic acid of a molecular weight less than 3000 Da.
  • An important advantage of the electrolyte is the larger size of the nanoparticles in the present invention (20-100 nm) compared to those usually used at 10 nm in other developments.
  • the magnetic moment is two orders of magnitude greater than in the best case (see WO10043914), which ensures an easy and total recovery of the material after the osmosis process. This difference is crucial because it allows easy and complete separation by using permanent low-cost magnets.
  • the electrolyte has a high crystallinity of a cubic shape with well-defined faces unlike the spherical shape of nanoparticles synthesized by other methods in both aqueous and organic media, presenting a greater magnetic anisotropy that allows a better magnetic separation.
  • the electrolyte has a size distribution characterized by an average size deviation of less than 20%.
  • This uniformity makes it possible to better optimize magnetic separation by avoiding the need for high magnetic fields for the retention of smaller nanoparticles.
  • the good magnetic response is a consequence of the presence of a magnetite core (the most magnetic iron oxide) without structural defects, which does not exist in the case of nanoparticles of similar size prepared in organic media such as Q. Zhao , et al, ACS Applied Materials and Inter ⁇ aces, 5, (2013), 11453.
  • the process of the second aspect of the invention comprises performing the following steps: a) the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles by oxidative precipitation of iron (II) salts in basic medium in the absence of oxygen, b ) the heat treatment in the presence of polyacids, using solvents of high boiling point, greater than 200 ° C, and simultaneous distillation of water at a temperature between 200 - 300 ° C, and c) the electrolyte separation.
  • the preparation of the magnetic nanoparticles of step a) can be carried out under a nitrogen or argon atmosphere.
  • the suspension is removed from the nitrogen atmosphere and the nanoparticles are separated from the suspension by decantation. Finally, the nanoparticles are dried, preferably at 200 ° C for 1 to 4 hours to remove moisture residues.
  • step b) is carried out by preparing a solution of polyacid in the high-boiling non-aqueous solvent (greater than 200 ° C) and the subsequent addition of the nanoparticles prepared in step a) in the polyacid solution prepared. The mixture is then heated using a reactor at a temperature between 200-300 ° C and the water is distilled until the boiling temperature of the solvent is reached. The boiling temperature is maintained for at least 30 min and then the mixture is cooled to an ambient temperature. Finally, the electrolytes are separated from the solution by natural or magnetically assisted decantation.
  • the above heat treatment during step b3) is performed with vigorous stirring at more than 100 rpm to prevent the nanoparticles from sedimenting during coating.
  • the solvent must have a boiling temperature high enough for the polyacid to adhere to the nanoparticles without reacting with it but not so much that it degrades or alters the shape or size of the nanoparticles by partial dissolution.
  • the heat treatment can also be carried out at the temperature reached by boiling triethylene glycol even in the presence of traces of water, preferably between 200 ° C and 300 ° C, more preferably at 275 ° C.
  • the weight ratios between the nanoparticles and the polyacrylic acid used are preferably 1:25 for nanoparticles of 20 nm or less and 1:15 for those larger than 20 nm.
  • Solution B is added on A with strong mechanical stirring and after mixing the suspension of formed green iron oxohydroxide, C, is transferred to a thermostatic vessel previously heated to 90 ° C where the suspension is left at that temperature and without stirring for 20 hours After this time it is allowed to cool and the suspension is removed from the glove box.
  • the nanoparticles are separated by means of a magnetic separator SEPMAG500® which will also be used for successive washes (5x) of the product with distilled water.
  • the product is finally dried at 200 ° C for one hour in the air to remove traces of moisture.
  • the nanoparticles obtained correspond to those in Figure 1.
  • Table 1 shows the characteristics of the magnetic nanoparticles synthesized for direct osmosis.
  • the 50 nm nanoparticle has a smaller specific surface area (23 m 2 / g) with respect to the surface of smaller nanoparticles but with a magnetic moment two orders of greater magnitude (3,09948E-14 emu).
  • the presence of magnetite is clear in the thermogravimetric analysis showing a mass increase with heating above 200 ° C as a result of the oxidation of magnetite to maghemite ( Figure 3).
  • the magnetic nanoparticles are coated with low molecular weight polyacrylic acid ( ⁇ 3000 Da) by heating at 275 ° C under an inert atmosphere using triethylene glycol as a solvent.
  • the weight ratios nanoparticles: polyacrylic acid used were 1: 25 for nanoparticles of 20 nm or less and 1: 15 for those greater than 20 nm.
  • the dispersion and coating procedure was done in a solution of 160 g of polyacrylic acid in a liter of triethylene glycol in which the appropriate amount of nanoparticles obtained in step a of the process had been added.
  • the mixture was heated with stirring using a reactor. Once the working temperature was reached, it was maintained for at least 30 min with good stirring and allowed to cool.
  • the coated nanoparticles were separated by magnetic decantation after the addition of acetone and subjected to successive washing with water to remove the remains of the reaction.
  • the electrolyte once dry, the amount of coating adhered was determined by means of thermogravimetric analysis, resulting in 5-10% depending on the particle size used.
  • the coating obtained for 20 nm nanoparticles of average size was 10% by weight determined by thermogravimetry ( Figure 3).
  • Example 2 Procedure for obtaining the electrolyte in large quantities in a preparation
  • the procedure used in this invention has been scaled to obtain up to 20 grams of nanoparticles in a synthesis, in aqueous medium and using commonly used reagents. For this reason it has been possible to test its effectiveness as a solute extractor in a plant of larger dimensions than those published so far based on solutions of up to 2 liters (Table 2). Table 2 shows the data.
  • Example 3 Use of the electrolyte in a direct osmosis process.
  • a direct osmosis water purification plant has been used on a laboratory scale ( Figure 7), the plant comprises a flat membrane for direct osmosis that has a surface area of 0.014872 m 2 Cartr ⁇ dge Membrane type (1 10707-ES-1) from Hydration Technology Innovations (http://www.brickform.com/products/files/MSDS-CS-700.pdf as of May 6, 2014).
  • the membrane is inside a cellulose triacetate module that also includes two 180x230x30 mm cells. The union between both cells is made by 6 through screws, three on each side of the cell.
  • the cell through which salt water circulates has the entrance at the top and the exit at the bottom.
  • Both ports are 9,525 mm holes.
  • a groove, 90x178x2 mm has been engraved inside the plate, in the form of a channel through which water will circulate. The surface of said slit is grated from top to bottom so that the water is distributed evenly through the channel.
  • another groove has been made, around the channel, in which an O-ring is placed that will put pressure on the membrane and the other cell to avoid leakage of Water.
  • the cell through which the electrolyte solution circulates has the entrance at the bottom and the exit at the top.
  • Both ports are 9,525 mm holes.
  • a 90x178x2 mm slit has been made inside, as a channel through which water circulates. The surface of said channel is grated from top to bottom so that water is distributed evenly through the channel.
  • the water purification plant was operated using a salt water reservoir of 151 and a salt concentration of 1 - 3.5% NaCI, an initial nanoparticle suspension volume of 300 ml at a concentration of 53% (160 g of electrolyte / 300 mL)% by weight.
  • a flow of 0.7-0.8 L / min of salt water and a flow of 0.7-0.8 L / min in electrolyte dispersion were used.
  • the weight gain of the electrolyte dispersion was recorded by means of a scale as a function of time and of the regression lines weight versus time the water production was determined.
  • the electrolyte was separated with the help of a permanent NdFeB magnet and the excess water was removed from the electrolyte reservoir to return to the initial concentration.
  • Table 3 the production of purified water obtained using waters of different salinity is indicated as well as its cost considering the power consumed from the plant (6W) and the cost of electricity € 0,15094 / kW / h.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'électrolyte nanostructuré à base de nanoparticules magnétiques d'oxyde de fer magnétique est facilement séparable avec un aimant et comprend un ligand recouvrant la surface solidement unie à la nanoparticule au niveau d'une extrémité et au niveau de l'autre extrémité contient un groupe fonctionnel qui fournit une pression osmotique élevée pour l'utiliser dans des processus de potabilisation d'eau de mer ou continentale par osmose directe. L'électrolyte est également réutilisable. L'invention concerne aussi le procédé de fabrication de l'électrolyte et son utilisation, par exemple, dans des processus de dessalement.
PCT/ES2015/070391 2014-05-19 2015-05-18 Électrolyte nanostructuré utile pour le dessalement par osmose directe, procédé d'obtention de l'électrolyte et utilisations associées Ceased WO2015177391A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201430721A ES2554578B1 (es) 2014-05-19 2014-05-19 Electrolito nanoestructurado útil para desalinización por osmosis directa, procedimiento de obtención del electrolito y usos del mismo
ESP201430721 2014-05-19

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WO2015177391A1 true WO2015177391A1 (fr) 2015-11-26

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018104957A1 (fr) * 2016-12-09 2018-06-14 Arvind Envisol Ltd. Système de nanoparticules anioniques pour dessalement et procédé associé
CN110049950A (zh) * 2016-12-09 2019-07-23 阿瓦恩德因维索有限公司 用于脱盐的纳米颗粒体系的合成用装置及其方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011099941A1 (fr) * 2010-02-10 2011-08-18 National University Of Singapore Procédé d'osmose directe utilisant des nanoparticules magnétiques hydrophiles comme solutés d'extraction
WO2012043914A1 (fr) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 한국에너지기술연구원 Réacteur à colonne à bulles de f-t permettant une réaction complexe

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011099941A1 (fr) * 2010-02-10 2011-08-18 National University Of Singapore Procédé d'osmose directe utilisant des nanoparticules magnétiques hydrophiles comme solutés d'extraction
WO2012043914A1 (fr) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 한국에너지기술연구원 Réacteur à colonne à bulles de f-t permettant une réaction complexe

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
A . HAJDÚ ET AL.: "Enhanced stability of polyacrylate- coated magnetite nanoparticles in biorelevant media", COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B: BIOINTERFACES, vol. 94, 2012, pages 242 - 249, XP055238319, ISSN: 0927-7765 *
Q. GE ET AL.: "Hydrophilic superparamagnetic nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and performance in forward osmosis processes", INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH, vol. 50, no. 1, 2011, pages 382 - 388, XP055238320, ISSN: 0888-5885 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018104957A1 (fr) * 2016-12-09 2018-06-14 Arvind Envisol Ltd. Système de nanoparticules anioniques pour dessalement et procédé associé
CN110049950A (zh) * 2016-12-09 2019-07-23 阿瓦恩德因维索有限公司 用于脱盐的纳米颗粒体系的合成用装置及其方法

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ES2554578B1 (es) 2016-09-28

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