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WO2015173561A1 - Système de conversion d'énergie - Google Patents

Système de conversion d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015173561A1
WO2015173561A1 PCT/GB2015/051400 GB2015051400W WO2015173561A1 WO 2015173561 A1 WO2015173561 A1 WO 2015173561A1 GB 2015051400 W GB2015051400 W GB 2015051400W WO 2015173561 A1 WO2015173561 A1 WO 2015173561A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy conversion
conversion system
charged particles
plasma jet
positively
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2015/051400
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Laurent ITAN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
L&G TECHIT UK Ltd
Original Assignee
L&G TECHIT UK Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by L&G TECHIT UK Ltd filed Critical L&G TECHIT UK Ltd
Priority to GB1702240.1A priority Critical patent/GB2543989A/en
Publication of WO2015173561A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015173561A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K44/00—Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
    • H02K44/08—Magnetohydrodynamic [MHD] generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
    • H02N11/008—Alleged electric or magnetic perpetua mobilia
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K53/00—Alleged dynamo-electric perpetua mobilia
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
    • H02N11/002—Generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N3/00—Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom

Definitions

  • An electrolysis unit comprising a vessel for containing a quantity of fluid, and operable to electrolyse the fluid to generate a working gas; a plasma torch to convert the working gas generated by the electrolysis unit into a plasma jet containing a mixture of positively and negatively charged particles; a field generator to generate a magnetic field in the vicinity of the plasma jet to separate the positively and negatively charged particles; and respective electrodes to receive the positively and negatively charged particles, and to provide an electrical current caused by the absorption of the particles, and output the current to a first output conductor.
  • the movement of the positively and negatively charged particles through the field generated by the field generator induces a current in a collection component, which outputs the current to a second output conductor.
  • the collection component is also the field generator.
  • the fluid comprises water.
  • the fluid includes a quantity of an electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte comprises thorium.
  • the working gas comprises HHO gas.
  • the plasma torch and electrodes are within a common housing.
  • the housing comprises an elongate tube.
  • the electrodes are connected to or mounted on internal surfaces of the housing.
  • the field generator is positioned outside the housing.
  • the field generator is positioned outside two substantially opposing both sides of the housing.
  • the first and/or second output conductor is connected to an input of the plasma torch, to supply power to the plasma torch.
  • the first and/or second output conductor is connected to an input of the field generator, to supply power to the field generator.
  • the first and/or second output conductor is connected to a power output of the system.
  • the first and/or second output conductor is connected to an inverter, with the output of the inverter comprising a power output of the system.
  • the energy conversion system further comprises an ionisation arrangement downstream of the plasma torch, to increase the density of charged particles in the plasma jet.
  • the ionisation arrangement comprises an arrangement for producing an electric arc in the vicinity of the plasma jet.
  • the acceleration arrangement comprises an anode and cathode, and wherein the charged particles pass through an aperture in at least one of the anode and the cathode.
  • the acceleration arrangement is located downstream of the ionisation arrangement.
  • the energy conversion system further comprises a catalyser in the region where the plasma jet is formed, the catalyser increasing the level of ionisation in the plasma jet.
  • the catalyser comprises a grid, grille or mesh with the working gas and/or the plasma jet flowing through or past the grid, grille or mesh.
  • the grid, grille or mesh is formed into a tube or horn shape having an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture, with the working gas and/or the plasma jet flowing through the tube or horn.
  • Another aspect of the present invention comprises an energy conversion system comprising: an electrolysis unit comprising a vessel for containing a quantity of fluid, and operable to electrolyse the fluid to generate a working gas; a plasma torch to convert the working gas generated by the electrolysis unit into a plasma jet containing a mixture of positively and negatively charged particles; and a field generator to generate a magnetic field in the vicinity of the plasma jet to separate the positively and negatively charged particles; wherein the movement of the positively and negatively charged particles through the field generated by the field generator induces a current in a collection component, which outputs the current to a second output conductor.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of components of an energy conversion system embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a plasma torch and a current generation unit suitable for use with the present invention
  • Figure 4 shows an external view of a current generation unit suitable for use with the present invention
  • Figure 5 shows an alternative plasma torch and a current generation unit suitable for use with the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a further alternative plasma torch and current generation unit suitable for use with the present invention.
  • figure 1 a schematic view is shown of the components of an energy conversion system embodying the present invention.
  • the electrolysis unit 1 comprises a containment vessel 2, which is at least partially filled with a fluid to be electrolysed.
  • the fluid 3 comprises water with a quantity of an electrolyte added.
  • the electrolyte is, or comprises, thorium. Thorium has been found to be a
  • the thorium may be mixed with potassium hydroxide in the fluid 3, with the potassium hydroxide acting as a further electrolyte.
  • Electrodes 4 Immersed in the fluid 3, at or near opposing sides of the containment vessel 2, are positive and negative electrodes 4, 5. It will be understood that, in operation, a voltage difference is applied across the positive and negative electrodes 4, 5, so that the positive electrode 4 is positively charged (i.e.
  • the negative electrode 5 is negatively charged (i.e. provided with surplus electrons).
  • the fluid 3 will be electrolysed. If the fluid 3 comprises water, the water molecules will be separated into hydrogen cations and oxygen anions, with the cations being attracted to the negative electrode 5 and the anions being attracted to the positive electrode 4. When these ions reach the respective electrodes 4, 5, they will revert to being neutral atoms, and hydrogen and oxygen gases will therefore be released at the electrodes 4, 5.
  • the containment vessel 2 comprises a delivery tube 6 through which the resulting gases may exit the vessel 2.
  • the gases which are developed at the positive and negative electrodes 4, 5 are separated and stored/used separately from each other.
  • the hydrogen and oxygen gases are allowed to mix together and comprise a single gaseous output of the electrolysis unit 1 .
  • a cooling system may be provided to cool the plasma torch 8, as is known in the art.
  • the cooling system comprises a flow of water which carries heat energy away from the plasma torch 8.
  • the plasma torch 8 projects the plasma jet 15 through an aperture 9 in a cathode 10, which is positioned within a housing 1 1 .
  • the housing 1 1 is preferably elongate and formed from a suitably heat-resistant material. In preferred embodiments the housing is able to withstand
  • the cathode 10 and anode 13 are connected to respective terminals of an electricity supply, which is preferably a DC supply.
  • an electricity supply which is preferably a DC supply.
  • the charged particles in the plasma jet 15 will be accelerated through the aperture in the anode 13 away from the open end 12 of the plasma torch 8.
  • the cathode 10 and anode 13 therefore serve to accelerate the charged particles.
  • this acceleration is important, as power generated by the device is derived from the kinetic energy of the charged particles.
  • the plasma jet 15 comprises a mixture of positively charged particles (including protons) and negatively charged particles (including electrons).
  • the plasma jet 15 will have a high concentration of charged particles.
  • the current generator 16 comprises an anode 17 and a cathode 18.
  • the anode 17 is mounted on a wall of the housing 1 1
  • the cathode 18 being mounted on a substantially opposite wall of the
  • the anode 17 and cathode 18 preferably comprise respective metal plates.
  • these plates are attached to opposing walls of the housing 1 1 and are inclined inwardly with respect to the housing 1 1 , so that the ends of the plates 17, 18 which are furthest from the cathode 10 and anode 13 are closer together than the ends which are closest to the cathode 10 and anode 13.
  • a series of supporting struts 19 hold the anode 17 and cathode 18 in place with respect to the walls of the housing 1 1 .
  • connections are connected to a first electrical output connector 20.
  • FIG 3 only one anode 17 and one cathode 18 are shown. However, in alternative embodiments a series of anodes and cathodes may be provided along a length of the housing 1 1 .
  • one coil 25 is shown in phantom in figure 3, and the arrangement of the coils 25 and the housing 1 1 is also shown in figure 4.
  • current may be passed through the coils 25, and it will be understood that this will generate a magnetic field passing through the housing 1 1 , with field lines passing generally into the plane of the paper, as seen in figure 3.
  • the coils 25 comprise superconductors.
  • the coils 25 are connected to a second electrical output connector 26.
  • the first and second electrical output connectors 20, 26 may join to form a single unitary output connector. In other embodiments the first and second electrical output connectors 20, 26 remain separate from one another.
  • One or both of the electrical output connectors 20, 26 is connected to an acceleration input connector 21 , which is connected to the accelerating cathode 10 and anode 13, to an electrolysis input connector 22, which is connected to the electrolysis unit 1 , and to a coil input connector 27, which is connected to the coils 25. In the embodiment shown these are direct connections, but in other examples these connections may be indirect, and involve other conductors, batteries and so forth.
  • One or both of the first and second electrical output connectors 20, 26 is also preferably connected to an inverter 23, which (as will be understood by those skilled in the art) converts DC input current to AC output current in an inverter output 24.
  • first electrical output connector 20 may be connected to the acceleration input connector 21 , electrolysis input connector 22 and coil input connector 27, and the second electrical output connector 26 may (separately) be connected to the inverter 23.
  • electrical power is supplied to the electrodes 4, 5 of the electrolysis unit 1 , to the plasma torch 8, to the accelerating cathode 10 and anode 13, and to the coils 25 of the current generator 16.
  • This electrical power may be provided from dedicated batteries, for example, or from a mains electricity supply.
  • the gas released during the electrolysis process is HHO.
  • the gas passes along the delivery conduit 7 to the plasma torch 8, where the gas is converted into a plasma jet 15 containing a mixture of positively and negatively charged particles including protons and electrons.
  • a catalyser (not shown) is provided in the region where the plasma jet 15 is formed, to increase the level of ionisation in the plasma jet.
  • the catalyser may be formed from, or comprise, thorium or iridium, which have been found to be effective in increasing the number of free electrons in the plasma jet, although other suitable substances may also be used.
  • the catalyser may take the form of a grid, grille or mesh through or past which the gas flows, with the plasma jet 15 being formed shortly before, shortly after, and/or while the gas flows through or past the grid, grille or mesh.
  • the catalyser takes the form of a grid, grille or mesh which is formed into a tube or horn shape having an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture, with the gas/plasma jet flowing through the tube or horn shape.
  • the plasma jet 15 is accelerated by the cathode 10 and anode 13 which are provided in the region of, or downstream of, the plasma torch 8.
  • the positively- and negatively-charged particles will pass into the magnetic field generated by the coils 25. As this occurs the particles will be deflected in opposite directions by the magnetic field. In the orientation shown in figure 3, negatively charged particles such as electrons will be deflected upwardly towards the anode 17, and positively charged particles such as protons will be deflected downwardly towards the cathode 18.
  • the energy to drive this induced current arises from the loss of kinetic energy of the charged particles.
  • the current induced in the coils 25 passes to the second output electrical connector 26. It will be understood that the positively- and negatively-charged particles will be deflected in opposite directions by the magnetic field generated by the coils 25. The negatively charged electrons will strike, and be collected by, the anode 17, and the positively charged protons will strike, and be collected by, the cathode 18. This will give rise to a flow of electrical charge between the anode 17 and cathode 18, and hence to a current in the first electrical output connector 20.
  • the cathode 18 may be provided further along the housing 1 1 than the anode 17, although this is not shown in figure 3.
  • the remainder of the plasma jet 15, i.e. the particles that are not collected by the anode 17 or cathode 18, will either strike an internal surface of the housing 1 1 , or exit through an open rear side of the housing 1 1 .
  • the housing 1 1 , the coils 25 and the anode 17 and cathode 18 will be recognised by the skilled person as components of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator, which will produce an output current that is proportional to the speed of the flow of charged particles.
  • MHD magnetohydrodynamic
  • the current produced in the first and/or second electrical output connector 20,26 is subsequently supplied to the acceleration input connector 21 , the electrolysis input connector 22 and the coil input connector 27, thus providing some electrical power to these components
  • the remainder of the current that is produced in the first and/or second electrical output connector 26,27 is diverted to the inverter 23, which converts this current into an AC current for use elsewhere.
  • electricity will need to be input into the electrolysis unit 1 , the plasma torch 8, the accelerating cathode 10 and anode 13, and the coils 25 from an external source.
  • the electrical current produced at the current generator 16 will be sufficient to power the electrolysis unit 1 , the accelerating cathode 10 and anode 13 and the coils 25, with a surplus quantity of current available to be converted by the inverter 23 into AC current for use elsewhere.
  • the system will therefore, once it is in a constant phase of operation, be self-sustaining.
  • the ionisation arrangement comprises a pair of anodes 28 (in the embodiment shown, the anodes 28 each comprising a ferromagnetic core such as an iron core surrounded by conductive coil) which are provided on opposite sides of the housing 1 1 , so that the plasma jet 15 passes between the two anodes 28.
  • a cathode element in the form of a coil 29 is supported within the housing 1 1 , so that the plasma jet 15 will pass around or close to the coil 29.
  • the anodes and the cathode element 28 are connected to respective terminals of a high voltage power supply (not shown) which may, for example, provide around 100w of power.
  • the power supplies are AC power supplies, and the coil 29 is "tuned" to the frequency of the power supplies.
  • a frequency of 50 MHz is used for the power supplies.
  • a cathode 10 with an aperture Downstream of the anodes 28 and the coil 29, a cathode 10 with an aperture is provided, as in the embodiment shown in figure 3, and an anode 13 with an aperture is provided downstream of the cathode 10.
  • the charged particles in the plasma jet 15 will be carried by their momentum through the aperture in the cathode 10, and will subsequently be accelerated through the anode 13 towards an anode 17 and cathode 18 mounted on the inner sides of the housing 1 1 , again as described above in relation to the embodiment of figure 3.
  • coils will be provided to the sides of the housing 1 1 to deflect the charged particles to the anode 17 and cathode 18.
  • anodes 28 and coil 29 will increase the density of charged particles in the fluid that is produced in the housing 1 1 , which will in turn significantly increase the power output of the device.
  • two anodes 28 are shown in figure 5, in other embodiments only one (or indeed three or more) may be provided.
  • FIG 6 a further embodiment of the plasma torch and downstream components is shown. Compared to the view shown in figure 5, figure 6 is reversed, i.e. the incoming gas enters the figure from the right-hand side, rather than from the left.
  • the embodiment of figure 6 comprises a valve 30 for controlling/regulating the incoming flow of gas.
  • the incoming gas flows past or through a catalyser 31 , which is preferably formed from thorium, sodium and/or iridium.
  • the catalyser 31 may take many forms, including a surface or tube, which may be substantially continuous or may be have a porous/open structure (such as a gauze) with the gas flowing through apertures in the structure.
  • the provision of the catalyser 31 allows an electron avalanche, in which electrons collide with atoms of the catalyser, thus ionising them and releasing additional electrons.
  • the incoming gas flows through a nozzle 32.
  • the catalyser 31 is formed as a porous sheet within the nozzle 32, but in other embodiments the nozzle 32 may be positioned downstream of the catalyser 31 .
  • the gas leaves the nozzle 32 it forms a plasma jet 33.
  • Magnets 34 are provided around region where the plasma jet 33 is formed, to focus and accelerate the plasma jet 33.
  • the plasma jet 33 is surrounded by a guide tube 35 (which may be, as discussed above, formed from a ceramic or other heat-resistant material), which is itself surrounded by an outer housing 44. Downstream of the region where the plasma jet 33 is formed, the guide tube 35 narrows to form a constricted section 36, through which the plasma jet 33 flows.
  • the diameter at the narrowest point of the constricted section 36 is around 10 microns, although the constricted region may be wider or narrower than this in other embodiments.
  • the pressure of the hot gas as it flows through the constricted section 36 may be as low as 3 "3 torr (around 0.4 Pa). The gas may reach a speed of around 750 ms "1 as it flows through the constricted section 36.
  • the plasma jet 33 will accelerate considerably as a result of the Venturi effect.
  • the increase in the kinetic energy of the ions forming the plasma jet will be balanced by a drop in the pressure of the plasma jet 33.
  • the increased kinetic energy of the plasma jet 33 will allow greater subsequent energy generation.
  • the walls of the guide tube 35 that form the constricted section 36, as well as the entrance to and exit from the constricted section 36, are smoothly curved and do not contain any significant
  • the region indicated by reference numeral 37 indicates the centre of a region where a field produced by magnets (not shown) acts to deflect the charged particles in the plasma jet, so that negative ions (i.e. electrons) are deflected in one direction and positive ions in the other.
  • the region in which the field is concentrated may have a cross-sectional area (as presented to the direction of flow) of around 30mm by 30mm, although this region may be larger or smaller, depending partly on the size of the device itself.
  • Electrodes 38, 39 are provided to receive and capture the deflected ions, and in the embodiment shown the electrodes 38, 39 are mounted on insulating plates 47 (which may be made, for example, from porcelain) to ensure that the electrodes are insulated from the guide tube 35 and outer housing 44.
  • First connections 42 are provided on the outer housing 44 to allow an electrical connection to the magnets 34, and in preferred embodiments these first connections 42 are superconductor components.
  • Second connections 43 are also provided on the outer housing 44 to allow an electrical connection to the electrodes 38, 39, and in preferred embodiments these second connections 43 are superconductor components.
  • conversion efficiency of the energy of the incoming plasma jet may be around 87%.
  • the outer housing 44 is preferably mounted on a base 45, and is supported with respect to this base 45 by a number of struts or other supports 46.
  • the base 45 provides a stable platform on which the device may rest during operation. In other embodiments the device may not need to rest on a surface and so a support arrangement other than a base may be provided, as the skilled reader will understand.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de conversion d'énergie comprenant : une unité d'électrolyse comprenant un récipient destiné à contenir une certaine quantité de fluide, et servant à électrolyser le fluide pour générer un gaz de travail ; une torche à plasma pour convertir le gaz de travail généré par l'unité d'électrolyse en jet de plasma contenant un mélange de particules chargées positivement et négativement ; un générateur de champ pour générer un champ magnétique au voisinage du jet de plasma pour séparer les particules chargées positivement et négativement ; et des électrodes respectives pour recevoir les particules chargées positivement et négativement, et pour fournir un courant électrique provoqué par l'absorption des particules, et délivrer en sortie le courant vers un premier conducteur de sortie.
PCT/GB2015/051400 2014-05-14 2015-05-13 Système de conversion d'énergie Ceased WO2015173561A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1702240.1A GB2543989A (en) 2014-05-14 2015-05-13 An energy conversion system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1408514.6 2014-05-14
GB1408514.6A GB2526266A (en) 2014-05-14 2014-05-14 An energy conversion system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015173561A1 true WO2015173561A1 (fr) 2015-11-19

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PCT/GB2015/051400 Ceased WO2015173561A1 (fr) 2014-05-14 2015-05-13 Système de conversion d'énergie

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WO (1) WO2015173561A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018025013A1 (fr) * 2016-08-05 2018-02-08 Clarke Dr Tanya Procédé et système de transfert d'énergie
WO2018057263A1 (fr) * 2016-09-23 2018-03-29 Qualcomm Incorporated Collecte d'énergie dans le corps à l'aide de fluides en circulation
EP3863165A1 (fr) * 2020-02-10 2021-08-11 SGF Innovative Energie Systeme UG Générateur magnétohydrodynamique
WO2024138764A1 (fr) * 2022-12-31 2024-07-04 顾武 Appareil de séparation et de collecte d'ions en solution aqueuse

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2572792B (en) * 2018-04-10 2020-04-22 Hydrogen Universe Ltd Method and system using a hydrogen jet

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR81562E (fr) * 1960-06-13 1963-10-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procédé et appareil de conversion d'énergie thermique en énergie électrique
US3500077A (en) * 1967-12-19 1970-03-10 Atomic Energy Commission Method and apparatus for accelerating ions out of a hot plasma region

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040118348A1 (en) * 2002-03-07 2004-06-24 Mills Randell L.. Microwave power cell, chemical reactor, and power converter

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR81562E (fr) * 1960-06-13 1963-10-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procédé et appareil de conversion d'énergie thermique en énergie électrique
US3500077A (en) * 1967-12-19 1970-03-10 Atomic Energy Commission Method and apparatus for accelerating ions out of a hot plasma region

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018025013A1 (fr) * 2016-08-05 2018-02-08 Clarke Dr Tanya Procédé et système de transfert d'énergie
US11622425B2 (en) 2016-08-05 2023-04-04 Hydrogen Universe Ltd Energy transfer method and system
US12342445B2 (en) 2016-08-05 2025-06-24 Hydrogen Universe Ltd Energy transfer method and system
WO2018057263A1 (fr) * 2016-09-23 2018-03-29 Qualcomm Incorporated Collecte d'énergie dans le corps à l'aide de fluides en circulation
EP3863165A1 (fr) * 2020-02-10 2021-08-11 SGF Innovative Energie Systeme UG Générateur magnétohydrodynamique
WO2024138764A1 (fr) * 2022-12-31 2024-07-04 顾武 Appareil de séparation et de collecte d'ions en solution aqueuse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2526266A (en) 2015-11-25
GB2543989A (en) 2017-05-03
GB201408514D0 (en) 2014-06-25
GB201702240D0 (en) 2017-03-29

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