WO2015166768A1 - 単一細胞由来核酸の解析方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2015166768A1 WO2015166768A1 PCT/JP2015/060841 JP2015060841W WO2015166768A1 WO 2015166768 A1 WO2015166768 A1 WO 2015166768A1 JP 2015060841 W JP2015060841 W JP 2015060841W WO 2015166768 A1 WO2015166768 A1 WO 2015166768A1
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- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
- C12Q1/6834—Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase
- C12Q1/6837—Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase using probe arrays or probe chips
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
- C12N15/1003—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor
- C12N15/1006—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor by means of a solid support carrier, e.g. particles, polymers
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6806—Preparing nucleic acids for analysis, e.g. for polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6869—Methods for sequencing
- C12Q1/6874—Methods for sequencing involving nucleic acid arrays, e.g. sequencing by hybridisation
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- C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
- C40B20/00—Methods specially adapted for identifying library members
- C40B20/04—Identifying library members by means of a tag, label, or other readable or detectable entity associated with the library members, e.g. decoding processes
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- C40B40/00—Libraries per se, e.g. arrays, mixtures
- C40B40/04—Libraries containing only organic compounds
- C40B40/06—Libraries containing nucleotides or polynucleotides, or derivatives thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a bead for analyzing the structure of a nucleic acid derived from a single cell, to which an oligonucleotide having one type of barcode sequence is bound, a bead produced by the production method, and a reaction well.
- the present invention relates to a microplate on which beads are arranged, and a method for analyzing the configuration of a single cell-derived nucleic acid using the beads or microplate.
- Cell is the smallest structural unit in terms of biological functions. However, regarding the functions and structures of living organisms, elucidation of the cell population has been attempted, but what kind of substance each cell produces has not been elucidated. The current biological knowledge is not the accumulated knowledge of individual cells, but the accumulated knowledge of cells in a population. Recent studies have revealed that gene expression varies from cell to cell even in clearly similar cell types (eg, cancer tissue), and it is desirable to elucidate characteristics such as gene expression in each cell. ing.
- the human immune system contains T cells, including Th2 cells.
- Th2 cells are known to produce cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6.
- cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6.
- the cells are greatly influenced by the microenvironment, and the response varies depending on a small number of molecules involved in transcription and translation, and shows a stochastic response to some extent. Therefore, the expression response of individual cells is considered to be different.
- Double-stranded cDNA is prepared using RNA from one eukaryotic cell, or a small amount of RNA equivalent to that derived from one cell, specifically about 10 pg, and gene expression of the cDNA is gene expression Several methods used for analysis are known (Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 2). In addition, a transcription product derived from one cell is assumed to be present in a minimum of one molecule (one copy), and an apparatus capable of sequencing one molecule of nucleic acid has been developed. However, in reality, several hundred cells are required to use this apparatus, and the accuracy is low, and only about 20% of the expressed mRNA can be detected.
- RNA-derived cDNA has various lengths, and it is extremely difficult to amplify fragments of various lengths by PCR without impairing quantitativeness.
- transcript cDNAs that are extremely abundant prior to amplification (eg, tens of thousands of copies per cell) and extremely low transcript cDNAs (eg, one copy per cell).
- increasing the number of PCR reaction cycles reduces the amplification efficiency of cDNA that is abundant, and as a result, the abundance ratio of amplification products in the final amplification products increases the ratio of transcription products in cells. May not reflect.
- IVT has the advantage that there are few non-specific by-products, there are problems that it is difficult to obtain cRNA longer than 1 kb, it takes time and labor, and the amount of amplification is not so large. In these methods, each cell must be treated individually, which takes time and effort, and the number of cells that can be measured is limited.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for detecting a transcription product derived from one cell, a method using beads bound with an oligonucleotide containing a barcode sequence has been proposed (Patent Document 1).
- SEQ ID NO: NO 9 is shown as a specific oligonucleotide bound to a bead, but the SEQ ID NO NO: 9 oligonucleotide is not a sequence in which oligo dT is exposed at the 3 ′ end.
- An object of the present invention is to provide means for efficiently recovering nucleic acid of a single cell and means for analyzing the recovered nucleic acid.
- a nucleic acid capture sequence can be arranged at the 3 ′ end by treating a double-stranded oligonucleotide bound to a bead with a restriction enzyme, and amplify the oligonucleotide on the bead.
- the present invention has been achieved by paying attention to placing a restriction enzyme recognition sequence on the 3 ′ side of the nucleic acid capture sequence in the barcode linker serving as a template for the purpose.
- nucleic acid derived from a single cell can be easily and comprehensively analyzed by combining a plurality of techniques including seeding cells on a plate in a complex manner.
- the present invention is as follows. 1. A microplate having a plurality of reaction wells for use in a method for analyzing the structure of a nucleic acid derived from a single cell, One bead is placed in one reaction well, A single-stranded oligonucleotide is bound to one molecule on one bead, In the single-stranded oligonucleotide, the nucleic acid capture sequence is exposed at the 3 ′ end, the barcode sequence is included on the 5 ′ side of the nucleic acid capture sequence, The barcode sequence is a different base sequence for each bead. 2. 2. The microplate according to item 1 above, wherein one bead is arranged in 80% or more of the reaction wells of the microplate. 3. 3. 3.
- a method for producing a microplate according to any one of items 1 to 3 including the following steps: a) preparing a microplate having a plurality of reaction wells; b) adding beads having a ratio of reaction well diameter to bead diameter of 1.2 to 1.75 onto the microplate; c) A step of placing one bead in one reaction well by covering the microplate with a semipermeable membrane and rubbing the surface of the microplate with a pressing member. 5.
- a reagent kit for use in a method for analyzing the structure of a nucleic acid derived from a single cell comprising the microplate according to any one of items 1 to 3 and a nucleic acid extraction reagent. 6).
- One bead is arranged on each bead, and a plurality of single-stranded oligonucleotides are bound on one bead, and the nucleic acid capture sequence is exposed at the 3 ′ end in the single-stranded oligonucleotide,
- a bar code sequence is included on the 5 ′ side of the capture sequence, the bar code sequence is a different base sequence for each bead, and includes the following steps: 1) Cells are seeded on a microplate, one cell is placed in one reaction well, nucleic acid is extracted from the cells in the reaction well of the microplate, and the nucleic acid derived from the cell is a single-stranded oligonucleotide on the beads.
- One bead is arranged on each bead, and a plurality of single-stranded oligonucleotides are bound on one bead, and the nucleic acid capture sequence is exposed at the 3 ′ end in the single-stranded oligonucleotide,
- a barcode sequence is included on the 5 ′ side of the capture sequence, and the barcode sequence is a different base sequence for each bead and includes the following steps: 1) A step of preparing a plurality of beads in which a nucleic acid derived from one cell is captured on a single-stranded oligonucleotide on each bead; 2) A step of obtaining an amplified fragment by performing a nucleic acid amplification reaction using a nucleic acid captured by a single-stranded oligonucleotide on a bead as a template; 3) A step of confirming a barcode sequence in the obtained amplified fragment and identifying a fragment having the same barcode sequence as a
- the capture step in step 1) of the preceding paragraph 6 includes the following steps, or beads obtained by capturing a nucleic acid in the single-stranded oligonucleotide in step 1) of the previous paragraph 7 are prepared by the following steps.
- step 1-3) of the preceding paragraph 8 the nucleic acid-captured beads arranged in the reaction well of the microplate are collected in one container, so that nucleic acids derived from a plurality of cells are collected in one container.
- the nucleic acid derived from the cell is mRNA, and the nucleic acid capture sequence contained in the oligonucleotide on the bead is an oligo dT sequence.
- step 2) of the preceding item 6 or 7 the reverse transcription reaction is performed before the nucleic acid amplification reaction. 10.
- the analysis method according to any one of items 6 to 9 above. 11.
- a plurality of single-stranded oligonucleotides are bound on one bead, and in the single-stranded oligonucleotide, the nucleic acid capture sequence is exposed at the 3 ′ end, and the 5 ′ side of the nucleic acid capture sequence is A barcode sequence is included, and the barcode sequence is a method for producing beads having different base sequences for each bead, and includes the following steps: i) Using a barcode linker containing a barcode sequence, a nucleic acid capture sequence and a restriction enzyme recognition sequence as a template, a nucleic acid amplification reaction is carried out in a water droplet containing one bead, whereby a double-stranded oligonucleotide as an amplification product is beaded.
- a restriction enzyme recognition sequence is included adjacent to the 3 ′ side of the nucleic acid capture sequence in the barcode linker; ii) a step of exposing the nucleic acid capture sequence to the 3 ′ end of the double-stranded oligonucleotide by subjecting the double-stranded oligonucleotide bound to the beads to a restriction enzyme treatment after the nucleic acid amplification reaction of step i); iii) A step of denaturing the double-stranded oligonucleotide bound to the beads into a single-stranded oligonucleotide. 12 A bead produced by the method for producing a bead according to item 11 above. 13.
- the bead production method (production method) of the present invention it is possible to easily produce beads to which an oligonucleotide having a nucleic acid capture sequence exposed at the 3 ′ end is bound.
- the beads obtained by the production method of the present invention are beads to which oligonucleotides containing one type of barcode sequence are bound, and a small amount of nucleic acid derived from a single cell can be collected and used for gene analysis. is there. Since the nucleic acid capture sequence is exposed at the 3 ′ end of the oligonucleotide, the nucleic acid can be captured efficiently.
- a single barcode sequence is nucleic acid amplified in a water droplet containing one bead, so that a number of beads each having a single barcode sequence can be easily produced. Is possible.
- nucleic acid derived from a single cell can be analyzed easily and comprehensively. According to the analysis method of the present invention, it is possible to accurately analyze the configuration such as the type and amount of nucleic acid in a single cell. For example, the nucleic acid can be collected and analyzed while maintaining the quantity ratio of genes in a single cell.
- the nucleic acid is mRNA
- the present invention it is possible to clarify various gene expression ratios in one cell of total RNA.
- the barcode sequence is added to a nucleic acid derived from each cell, then it is not necessary to treat each cell individually, and at high speed and easily, Furthermore, it becomes possible to analyze the transcripts of many cells at low cost. Further, according to the microplate of the present invention, it is possible to perform analysis such as nucleic acid capture from a single cell and nucleic acid amplification reaction in separate places, so that the objects that can be analyzed will be greatly expanded. .
- Example 1 It is a figure explaining the manufacturing method of the bead of the present invention.
- Example 2 It is a figure explaining the analysis method of the nucleic acid derived from a single cell using the bead of the present invention.
- Example 2 It is a figure which shows the result of having confirmed the base sequence about the oligonucleotide on the bead obtained by the manufacturing method of the bead of this invention.
- Example 1 It is a figure which shows the result of having confirmed that a barcode sequence
- Example 2 It is a figure which shows the result of having confirmed that a barcode arrangement
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the number of genes and the total number of reads obtained by analyzing the gene expression of the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line using the microplate of the present invention.
- Example 5 (Example 5) which is a figure which shows the gene name and the read number which were analyzed about the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line using the microplate of this invention, and the expression was confirmed in each cell identified by the barcode arrangement
- the present invention relates to a method for producing beads for analyzing the structure of nucleic acid derived from a single cell, to which a single-stranded oligonucleotide having a barcode sequence is bound.
- the oligonucleotide has a nucleic acid capture sequence that can bind to a nucleic acid derived from a single cell.
- Each single stranded oligonucleotide on the bead binds nucleic acid on the bead by binding to nucleic acid from a single cell by a nucleic acid capture sequence.
- the nucleic acid can be recovered by recovering the beads bound with the nucleic acid.
- the beads of the present invention can be produced by a method including the following steps. i) Using a barcode linker containing one kind of barcode sequence, a nucleic acid capture sequence and a restriction enzyme recognition sequence as a template, a nucleic acid amplification reaction is carried out in a water droplet containing one bead, whereby two containing the barcode sequence Binding a strand oligonucleotide to a bead, wherein the barcode linker includes a restriction enzyme recognition sequence adjacent to the 3 ′ side of the nucleic acid capture sequence; ii) a step of exposing the nucleic acid capture sequence to the 3 ′ end of the double-stranded oligonucleotide by subjecting the double-stranded oligonucleotide bound to the beads to a restriction enzyme treatment after the nucleic acid amplification reaction of step i); iii) A step of denaturing the double-stranded oligonucleotide bound to the beads
- the “barcode sequence” is a random base sequence comprising A (adenine), G (guanine), C (cytosine), and T (thymine), and is labeled with a different barcode sequence for each cell.
- A adenine
- G guanine
- C cytosine
- T thymine
- the length of the barcode sequence is preferably a sequence having a length of 10 to 25 bases.
- the barcode sequence can be expressed as NNNNNNNNNNNN (SEQ ID NO: 1).
- 4 12 types of bar coding sequence of diversity can be a nucleic acid amplification at a time, it can be manufactured 4 12 bead types.
- the “nucleic acid capture sequence” is capable of binding (hybridizing) to a nucleic acid derived from a cell.
- the nucleic acid derived from the cell may be genomic DNA or mRNA.
- the nucleic acid capture sequence is preferably oligo dT composed of T.
- the oligo dT may be of a length that can be annealed (hybridized) with the poly A tail of mRNA.
- the beads produced according to the present invention can be used for analysis of cell-derived genomic DNA.
- a nucleic acid capture sequence when analyzing DNA encoding an antibody, can be selected from a base sequence encoding a region with relatively little change, such as a constant region of an antibody, and cell DNA can be recovered using such a nucleic acid capture sequence. By doing so, it is possible to analyze the type of antibody produced by each cell, HLA type, etc. (DeKosky BJ1 et al., Nat Biotechnol. 2013 Feb; 31 (2): 166-9. Doi: 10.1038 / nbt. 2492. Epub 2013 Jan 20.).
- the “restriction enzyme recognition sequence” is a sequence that can be recognized and cleaved by a restriction enzyme, and is selected according to the type of restriction enzyme used.
- the barcode linker in step 1) includes a barcode sequence, a nucleic acid capture sequence, a restriction enzyme recognition sequence, or a complementary sequence thereof.
- the barcode linker preferably includes a nucleic acid capture sequence adjacent to the 3 ′ side of the barcode sequence and a restriction enzyme recognition sequence adjacent to the 3 ′ side of the nucleic acid capture sequence.
- a nucleic acid capture sequence is included adjacent to the 5 ′ side of the barcode sequence
- restriction enzyme recognition is adjacent to the 5 ′ side of the nucleic acid capture sequence.
- a barcode linker is an oligonucleotide used to attach an oligonucleotide containing a barcode sequence and a nucleic acid capture sequence onto a bead.
- the nucleic acid amplification reaction is performed in a water droplet containing one bead using a barcode linker as a template.
- a nucleic acid amplification reaction is generally referred to as emulsion PCR. It can be carried out by a method of reacting in water-in-oil droplets, for example, using a kit such as GS Junior Titanium emPCR Kit (Lib-L).
- the barcode linker preferably includes a primer complementary sequence for annealing the primer in the nucleic acid amplification reaction.
- the primer-complementary sequence is positioned so as to sandwich a base sequence including a nucleic acid capture sequence and a restriction enzyme recognition sequence.
- the sequence of the barcode linker may be any, and examples thereof include the following sequences. 5'-CCATCTCATCCCTGCGTGTCTCCGACTCAGGCAGTGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANNNNNNNNCTGAGACTGCCAAGGCACACAGGGGATAGG -3 '(SEQ ID NO: 2)
- the 1st to 25th base sequences counted from the 5 ′ end are primer-complementary sequences
- the 57th to 68th base sequences NNNNNNNNNN (SEQ ID NO: 1) are barcode sequences
- the third poly dA sequence (complementary sequence of oligo dT sequence) is a nucleic acid capture sequence
- the 31st to 36th nucleotide sequences are restriction enzyme recognition sequences
- the 72th to 98th nucleotide sequences are primer complementary sequences.
- the following sequences may be used as the barcode linker sequence.
- the 1st to 25th base sequences counted from the 5 'end are primer complementary sequences
- the 31st to 36th base sequences are restriction enzyme recognition sequences
- the 37th to 61st poly dA sequences are nucleic acids.
- NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN (SEQ ID NO: 1), which is a capture sequence and the 62-73rd base sequence, is a barcode sequence, and the 97-123th base sequence is a primer-complementary sequence.
- the 75th to 93rd base sequences are arbitrary base sequences.
- PCR comprises a step of converting double-stranded DNA into a single-stranded DNA by heat denaturation, a step of binding a primer to the single-stranded DNA, and a step of extending the DNA with a DNA polymerase.
- the target nucleic acid is amplified by repeating the three steps as one PCR cycle.
- the PCR cycle is preferably repeated 40 to 60 times. This makes it possible to bind the oligonucleotide containing the barcode sequence to the beads of several million molecules, preferably 10 6 to 8 ⁇ 10 6 molecules.
- step i since PCR is performed in a water droplet containing one bead, the barcode sequences contained in the oligonucleotides bound on one bead are the same.
- the ratio of the number of beads to the number of molecules of the barcode linker can be adjusted as appropriate. it can. If the number of barcode linker molecules on the beads is too large, different barcode linkers may bind to one bead, and if too small, the efficiency of producing beads with oligonucleotides will be reduced. It is not preferable.
- a device utilizing fluid engineering may be used.
- a device that has multiple channels with a width 1.5 to 5.0 times the diameter of the bead and integrates these channels at the outlet, one bead and one type of barcode Droplets containing a linker can be made.
- biotin is added to the 5 ′ end as a primer used in the PCR in the above step i).
- biotin is bound to the 5 'end of the amplified product. Therefore, by using avidin-bound carrier (for example, a magnetic substance such as magnetic beads) The bound beads can be easily purified.
- step ii) the double-stranded oligonucleotide bound to the beads by the nucleic acid amplification reaction is subjected to a restriction enzyme treatment.
- the restriction enzyme recognition sequence is located 3 ′ adjacent to the nucleic acid capture sequence in the barcode linker.
- the restriction enzyme treatment in step 2) the nucleic acid capture sequence can be exposed at the 3 ′ end of the double-stranded oligonucleotide on the bead (the outer end not bound to the bead).
- the type of restriction enzyme may be any as long as it can recognize a restriction enzyme recognition sequence, and examples include restriction enzymes such as BtsI.
- step iii) the double-stranded oligonucleotide bound to the beads is denatured into a single-stranded oligonucleotide.
- Oligonucleotide denaturation can be carried out using a method known per se, such as alkali treatment or heat treatment at 95 ° C. As a result, a bead having a single-stranded oligonucleotide bound thereto is produced on the bead.
- the oligonucleotide with the nucleic acid capture sequence exposed at the 3' end is bound on the beads without any restriction enzyme treatment. It is possible to make it.
- the primer for the nucleic acid amplification reaction in step i) is designed to be annealed to the nucleic acid capture sequence.
- the nucleic acid capture sequence is oligo dT
- the annealing temperature of the primer is lowered, and thus the nucleic acid amplification reaction is not appropriately performed. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange a primer complementary sequence at the 3 ′ end of the nucleic acid capture sequence.
- the nucleic acid capture sequence cannot capture the nucleic acid well.
- the nucleic acid capture sequence must be exposed at the 3 ′ end in the oligonucleotide on the bead.
- it is essential to perform restriction enzyme treatment by placing a restriction enzyme recognition sequence at a predetermined position.
- the beads may have any size as long as the oligonucleotides can be bound to such an extent that single-cell-derived nucleic acids can be recovered, but are preferably 20 to 40 ⁇ m.
- the beads may be pre-added with a short oligonucleotide. By binding an amplification product using a barcode linker as a template to the previously added oligonucleotide, it becomes possible to bind the oligonucleotide containing the barcode sequence to the bead.
- 454 sequencing beads contained in the Roche emPCR kit can be used as the beads of the present invention.
- beads have a specific gravity heavier than an aqueous solution, a buffer solution or a solution containing a nucleic acid extraction reagent and preferably have a specific gravity greater than 1.
- the beads of the present invention are preferably precipitated by standing for several minutes in a solution containing an aqueous solution, a buffer solution or a nucleic acid extraction reagent, or precipitated by centrifuging.
- beads made of a material that does not have reactivity with the magnetic material it is preferable to use beads made of a material that does not have reactivity with the magnetic material.
- Beads used in the present invention are beads made of organic polymer such as beads made of resin such as polystyrene and polypropylene, cadmium selenide (CdSe), zinc sulfide (ZnS), cadmium sulfide (CdS), zinc selenide (ZnSe), Examples thereof include semiconductor beads such as quantum dots (semiconductor nanoparticles) made of a semiconductor material such as zinc oxide (ZnO), metal beads such as gold, polymer beads such as silica beads, and the like.
- semiconductor beads such as quantum dots (semiconductor nanoparticles) made of a semiconductor material such as zinc oxide (ZnO), metal beads such as gold, polymer beads such as silica beads, and the like.
- beads in the present invention cellulose, cellulose derivatives, acrylic resin, glass, silica gel, polystyrene, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinyl and acrylamide copolymer, divinylbenzene crosslinked polystyrene, etc. (Merrifield Biochemistry 1964, 3, 1385-1390 See), polyacrylamide, latex gel, polystyrene, dextran, rubber, silicon, plastic, nitrocellulose, cellulose, natural sponge, silica gel, glass, metal plastic, cellulose, cross-linked dextran (eg Sephadex TM ) and agarose gel (Sepharose TM ) Examples of such a bead are as follows. Preferred are beads of agarose gel (Sepharose TM ).
- the number of bases of the barcode sequence is n according to the type of the barcode sequence. 4 n types of beads can be prepared by a single nucleic acid amplification reaction. Multiple molecules of oligonucleotides containing one type of barcode sequence are attached to each bead. That is, the barcode sequence contained in the oligonucleotide on the bead of the present invention is a base sequence different from each other for each bead.
- the present invention also extends to beads for analyzing the structure of nucleic acid derived from a single cell obtained by the production method.
- the beads for analyzing the structure of the nucleic acid derived from a single cell of the present invention may be a kit containing two or more types (preferably 10 to 10 6 types, more preferably 10 3 to 10 5 types) of beads. Good.
- each bead can be prepared to have a unique barcode sequence that does not overlap with other beads.
- those having a barcode sequence overlapping with other beads can be suppressed to about 5% or less.
- the number of beads with overlapping barcode sequences is about 5%, the amount of seeded cells is adjusted in the analysis method using the microplate of the present invention, so the same barcode sequences are added to different cells. Unlikely.
- the present invention is a microplate having a plurality of reaction wells, wherein one bead obtained by the above production method is disposed in one reaction well, and the barcode arrangement is determined for each bead. It extends to microplates having different base sequences.
- the microplate is provided with a plurality of reaction wells on a solid phase substrate.
- the shape of the microplate need not be particularly limited, but is exemplified by a rectangular plan view.
- the microplate of the present invention can be produced by a method for producing a microplate including the following steps.
- the ratio of the diameter of the reaction well to the diameter of the beads is about 1.2 to 1.75.
- the ratio of the depth of the reaction well to the bead diameter at this time is preferably about 1.5 to 2.5.
- the diameter of the reaction well is preferably 24-70 ⁇ m, and when the bead diameter is 20 ⁇ m, the diameter of the reaction well is 24-35 ⁇ m.
- the depth of the reaction well is preferably 30 to 100 ⁇ m. When the bead diameter is 20 ⁇ m, the depth of the reaction well is 30 to 50 ⁇ m (preferably 30 to 40 ⁇ m).
- a step of placing one bead in one reaction well by covering the microplate with a semipermeable membrane and rubbing the surface of the microplate with a pressing member.
- the shape of the microplate need not be particularly limited, but is exemplified by a rectangular plan view.
- shape of the reaction well in addition to a general cylindrical shape, those having a U-shaped cross section, a V-shaped cross section, and a hemispherical shape can be mentioned.
- the size of the reaction well is about one bead and one cell. If the shape of the reaction well is cylindrical, the diameter is about 25 ⁇ m and the depth is about 40 ⁇ m. The volume is about 20pl. The smaller the volume, the less nucleic acid adsorbed to the surface of the reaction well non-specifically, so that the nucleic acid recovery rate can be increased.
- the material of the microplate must be such that the substance cannot be exchanged substantially inside and outside the reaction well.
- a high-molecular resin that is easy to mold and low-cost and has elasticity to facilitate the recovery of beads is preferable.
- examples include polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (acrylic resin), polycarbonate (PC), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc.
- PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
- the number of reaction wells on the microplate can be appropriately set depending on the size of the slide, but is preferably 100000 or more.
- the microplate having a plurality of reaction wells may be produced by any technique, or a commercially available one may be used. For example, it can be manufactured by preparing a master plate of a microplate, pouring a thermosetting resin into the master die, and then heating and curing the thermosetting resin with a heater or the like under reduced pressure. Alternatively, a photocurable resin may be used instead of the thermosetting resin. The photocurable resin is cured by being irradiated with light such as ultraviolet rays. Or a microplate can be manufactured also by injection-molding a thermoplastic resin under reduced pressure using the mother die which has a draft, and a mold release agent. The reaction well may be formed on the solid phase substrate by a method such as nanoimprinting or cutting.
- the inner surface of the reaction well is hydrophilized.
- hydrophilization treatment for example, methods such as coating of hydrophilic resin, surface treatment using photocatalytic action, inorganic coating treatment such as alkali silicate, etching treatment, plasma cluster treatment, and the like can be used.
- a hydrophilic treatment method by plasma cluster treatment that is exposed to plasma is suitable.
- Step b) is a step of adding beads on the microplate prepared in step a), and placing the beads in the reaction well.
- the beads may be added to the microplate while being suspended in the solution.
- the ratio of the reaction well diameter to the bead diameter is preferably about 1.2 to 1.75.
- the ratio of the reaction well depth to the bead diameter is preferably about 1.5 to 2.5. If the ratio of the diameter or depth of the reaction well to the diameter of the beads is within the above range, even if the amount of beads added on the microplate is excessively added to the number of reaction wells, One bead can be placed in each reaction well.
- the ratio of the reaction well diameter to the bead diameter is about 1.75 or less, if one bead is already placed in the reaction well, the second bead will ride on the first bead.
- the second bead can be removed by the following step c) using a pressing member. If the ratio of the reaction well diameter to the bead diameter is about 1.2 or more, one bead and one cell can be accommodated in the reaction well. If the ratio of the depth of the reaction well to the bead diameter is about 1.5 or more, it is preferable because contamination can be prevented when nucleic acid of one cell is captured by one bead.
- the second bead can be removed by the following step c) using a pressing member. If the ratio between the diameter or depth of the reaction well and the diameter of the bead is not within the above range, a small amount of beads is added to the number of reaction wells to place one bead in one reaction well. As a result, a reaction well in which beads are not arranged is generated, so that the number of cells capable of capturing nucleic acid is reduced and efficient analysis cannot be performed.
- the beads added on the microplate should be added at a density that allows the beads to enter at least all of the reaction wells according to the Poisson distribution. For example, it is preferable to add beads approximately 1.1 to 1.3 times the number of reaction wells on the microplate.
- step c) the entire microplate to which the beads have been added in step b) is covered with a semipermeable membrane, and the surface of the microplate is squeeze with a pressing member, so that one reaction well is formed in one reaction well. Place the beads.
- “Steel” is to move the pressing member on the semipermeable membrane along the surface of the microplate while applying pressure from above. Since the ratio of the diameter or depth of the reaction well to the diameter of the bead is adjusted, the beads enter the reaction well that does not contain beads by moving (sliding) the pressing member from the semipermeable membrane. In other words, no more beads will enter the reaction well already containing beads, and excess beads will be removed.
- the pressing member may be any member that can apply an appropriate pressure and can be squeezed (rubbed under pressure) from the semipermeable membrane.
- the pressing member may be in the form of a rod having a certain length, and the sectional view of the pressing member may be any shape such as a circle, a triangle, or a square.
- Specific examples of the pressing member include a roller whose surface rotates, and a rod-like or plate-like member such as a ruler.
- a microplate in which beads are arranged one by one in substantially all reaction wells can be produced.
- a dialysis membrane known per se may be used as the semipermeable membrane known per se may be used. “Substantially in all reaction wells” means at least 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, particularly preferably 98% or more of the reaction well of the microplate. In this case, beads are arranged.
- the present invention also extends to a method for analyzing the structure of a nucleic acid derived from a single cell using the above-described beads or a microplate having beads arranged in a reaction well.
- the nucleic acid of the present invention may be DNA or RNA.
- the produced beads can collect total RNA obtained from one eukaryotic cell or a comparable amount of total RNA. Although it differs depending on the cell type, the total RNA per cell is about 10 pg, and mRNA is considered to be contained in 3 ⁇ 10 5 to 5 ⁇ 10 5 molecules.
- the method for analyzing the structure of a nucleic acid derived from a single cell includes the following steps 1) to 3). 1) A step of extracting nucleic acid from a cell in a state where one bead obtained by the production method of the present invention is in contact with one cell and binding the nucleic acid derived from the cell to an oligonucleotide on the bead; 2) A step of performing a nucleic acid amplification reaction using the nucleic acid bound to the oligonucleotide on the bead as a template; 3) A step of confirming the barcode sequence in the obtained amplified fragment, and analyzing the structure of the nucleic acid derived from a single cell using a fragment having the same barcode sequence as a fragment derived from the same cell.
- step 1) one bead and one cell are brought into contact.
- contact does not mean that a bead and a cell are in direct physical contact, but one bead and one cell are used as a single unit for another cell or other cell. It means that the nucleic acid extracted from the cell in a single unit can bind to the oligonucleotide on the bead, which means that it exists in a closed region that does not contact the bead.
- one bead and one cell can be contained in a single container, in a single aqueous phase of an emulsion, in a single compartment such as a reaction well of a microplate (microtiter plate), or in a single microchannel.
- the microphone plate and the microtiter plate are used synonymously. Any means may be used as a means for obtaining one cell.
- Any means for separating tissue obtained from a living body by enzymatic treatment, collecting using a cell sorter, obtaining using a microfluid, etc. can be mentioned.
- one bead and one cell are brought into contact with each other on the reaction well of the microplate, and the nucleic acid derived from the cell is captured by the oligonucleotide on the bead.
- nucleic acid extraction reagent for example, lithium dodecyl sulfate, Nonidet P
- a compartment tube, microplate well, etc.
- Nucleic acid can be separated from the cells by adding a surfactant such as -40).
- a surfactant such as -40
- the nucleic acid separated from the cell comes into contact with the bead, the nucleic acid binds to the nucleic acid capture sequence of the oligonucleotide on the bead.
- the target nucleic acid can be recovered by recovering the beads bound with the nucleic acid. After collecting the beads, unnecessary cell components and the like may be washed.
- a microplate in which one bead is arranged in one reaction well In this case, one bead and one cell are obtained by seeding cells on a microplate in which one bead is placed in one reaction well and placing one cell in one reaction well. Touch. In order to contact one bead and one cell, it is necessary to add the cell to the microplate according to the Poisson distribution. In order to prevent 2 cells from entering one reaction well as much as possible, for example, the number of cells equal to or less than 1/10 of the number of reaction wells on the microplate is added. In this case, stochastically about 95% of cells can enter a 1 / reaction well.
- the number of cells is 1/30 or less of the number of reaction wells on the microplate.
- stochastically about 98% of cells can enter 1 / reaction well.
- both cells and beads need to be seeded in small amounts, so the number of cells that can actually capture nucleic acids is small. turn into.
- nucleic acid is captured from a large number of cells without leakage by arranging one cell in one reaction well. be able to.
- a nucleic acid extraction reagent that can solubilize cells and extract nucleic acids may be added from above the semipermeable membrane.
- the nucleic acid extraction reagent passes through the semipermeable membrane, reaches the reaction well, lyses cells, and extracts nucleic acid.
- Cell-derived nucleic acids will be captured by oligonucleotides on the beads present in the same reaction well.
- the target nucleic acid can be recovered by recovering the beads bound with the nucleic acid in one container. After collecting the beads, unnecessary cell components and the like may be washed.
- the nucleic acid extraction reagent preferably contains a surfactant.
- a microplate having beads that have captured nucleic acids in the reaction well in step 1) can be prepared.
- the microplate on which the beads are arranged is preferably of a size that can be transported.
- the microplate may be transported after capturing the nucleic acid from the cell, and the nucleic acid amplification reaction and the barcode sequence may be analyzed in another place.
- the nucleic acid is mRNA
- a nucleic acid amplification reaction is performed on the nucleic acid bound to the oligonucleotide on the bead.
- a reverse transcription reaction can be performed before the nucleic acid amplification reaction.
- the reverse transcription reaction and the nucleic acid amplification reaction can be performed at once by collecting a plurality of beads that have been separated in a single region such as a reaction well of a microplate. It can be performed simultaneously on hundreds to tens of thousands of beads recovered from the microplate. In order to recover the beads from the microplate, the reaction well of the microplate may be turned upside down, and the beads may be dropped and recovered in a container placed on the lower side of the microplate.
- the beads can be easily dropped from the reaction well by vibrating or bending the microplate a plurality of times.
- reverse transcription reaction and nucleic acid amplification reaction may be performed on each of the beads using emulsion PCR. Any primer may be used, but a primer capable of amplifying any nucleic acid is preferable.
- the obtained amplification product is obtained by adding a barcode sequence to nucleic acid derived from a single cell. A different barcode sequence can be added to each of a plurality of cells by collecting a plurality of beads (the barcode sequence is different for each bead) and performing a nucleic acid amplification reaction.
- step 3 the barcode sequence is confirmed in the obtained amplified fragment, the fragment having the same barcode sequence is identified as a fragment derived from the same cell, and the structure of the nucleic acid derived from a single cell is analyzed.
- the barcode sequence contained in each amplified fragment it is possible to identify the cell from which the amplified fragment is derived and classify it for each cell.
- a nucleic acid amplification reaction may be performed so as to add a linker or the like suitable for the sequencer to be used.
- a barcode sequence will be added to the 3 ′ end of the nucleic acid of interest.
- next-generation DNA sequencers include Roche's GS FLX, Life Technologies SOLiD, Illumina GAIIx and HiSeq series, Pacific Biosciences PacBio RS RS II system, Life Technologies Ion PGM, and other devices However, it is not limited to these.
- Gene expression analysis using next-generation sequencers includes analysis called mRNA-seq and tag (part of gene) analysis.
- the main method of mRNA-seq is to fragment the isolated mRNA and reverse transcribe it into double strands to attach an adapter sequence.
- the fragmented mRNA is bound to an oligo RNA having an adapter sequence before reverse transcription Strand-specific RNA-seq that is double-stranded is known.
- the structure of the nucleic acid derived from each cell can be analyzed and compared.
- the sequence obtained by separating the adapter sequence from the base sequence confirmed by the sequencer is used as a gene fragment sequence, and the sequence of the gene fragment derived from a single cell is separated by a barcode sequence using a computer.
- the gene name can be confirmed from the database for the sequence of and the expression level of the gene can be determined.
- a list showing the gene name and the expression level of each gene can be prepared.
- the present invention also extends to a reagent kit for use in the above analysis method, which includes the microplate of the present invention and a nucleic acid extraction reagent for lysing cells.
- a reagent kit for use in the above analysis method, which includes the microplate of the present invention and a nucleic acid extraction reagent for lysing cells.
- a reagent kit may include a semipermeable membrane, a buffer solution, a reagent necessary for the reverse transcription reaction, other necessary reagents, instructions for use, and the like.
- Example 1 Preparation of beads for analyzing the structure of nucleic acid derived from a single cell
- Beads for analyzing the structure of a nucleic acid derived from a single cell were prepared by the following method (Fig. 1A).
- Emulsion PCR was performed using a barcode linker.
- the sequence of the barcode linker is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 below, and includes a poly dA sequence (complementary sequence of oligo dT sequence) and a primer complementary sequence for PCR amplification. Barcode linkers were synthesized by Integrated DNA Technologies.
- the 454 sequencing beads included in the Roche emPCR kit carry millions of molecular beads on an oligonucleotide having a specific sequence, and the size of the beads is 20 ⁇ m. PCR was incubated at 94 ° C.
- a PCR amplification product was prepared by binding the oligonucleotide on the 454 sequencing beads to the PCR amplification product.
- beads subjected to emulsion PCR were purified according to the Roche emPCR kit.
- the oligonucleotide on the bead is denatured into a single strand by alkali treatment, and the enrichment primer included in the Roche emPCR kit (a primer that recognizes and binds to the 3 'end of the barcode linker, In the absence of the barcode linker amplification sequence, it does not bind) was bound to a single-stranded oligonucleotide on the beads and purified using Streptavidin Magnet Beads.
- the double-stranded DNA amplified on the beads was treated with the restriction enzyme BtsI so that the oligo dT sequence was placed at the 3 ′ end of the double-stranded DNA on the beads (55 ° C., 3 hours) ).
- Fig. 2 shows the results of sequencing performed by emulsion PCR using a barcode linker and using a randomized 3730 capillary sequencer (Applied Biosystems) on 17 beads. It can be seen that each of the 17 barcode sequences is different.
- Example 2 Analysis of gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using beads of the present invention Using the beads prepared in Example 1, analysis of gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed by the following method.
- Plasma cluster treatment O 2 100cc 75W 10sec
- PDMS slide polydimethylsiloxane microplate having a diameter of 35 to 40 ⁇ m and a depth of 50 ⁇ m, 1.7 ⁇ 10 5 to 2.3 ⁇ 10 5 wells. Processed hydrophilic.
- the plasma cluster-treated PDMS slide was treated with 1% BSA for 30 minutes, washed with distilled water, and then washed with PBS.
- the beads prepared in Example 1 were placed on a PDMS slide with a number of beads equal to or less than a quarter of the number of PDMS wells. Similarly, the number of cells was adjusted to a quarter or less of the number of PDMS wells and placed on a slide. This is to prevent two or more beads or cells from entering the well.
- the slide was washed with PBS and covered with a dialysis membrane (12,000-14,000 MWCO regenerated cellulose dialysis tube, 25-mm flat width, Fisher Scientific). The liquid remaining between the dialysis membrane and the slide was sucked from the side with a pipetman so that the liquid did not remain between the dialysis membrane and the slide as much as possible.
- Lysis buffer 500 mM LiCl in 100 mM TRIS buffer (pH 7.5) with 1% lithium dodecyl sulfate, 10 mM EDTA and 5 mM DTT
- 1% lithium dodecyl sulfate 10 mM EDTA and 5 mM DTT
- the dialysis membrane was peeled off, the PDMS slide was inverted and immersed in a petri dish containing 2 ml of cold Lysis buffer, and the cells were dropped into the Lysis buffer.
- the beads are collected by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 10 seconds, and then suspended in buffer A (100 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 500 mM LiCl, 1 mM EDTA, 4 ° C.), and further centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 seconds. Beads were collected. Subsequently, the recovered beads were suspended in buffer B (20 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 50 mM KCl, 3 mM MgCl) and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm.
- buffer A 100 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 500 mM LiCl, 1 mM EDTA, 4 ° C.
- the mRNA bound to the beads was reverse-transcribed to synthesize 1st strand cDNA.
- the reverse transcription reaction was performed by incubating at 42 ° C for 1 hour and 70 ° C for 10 minutes using 5x First strand buffer, DTT, dNTP mix, SMARTer IIA Oligonucleotide (12uM), RNase inhibitor, and Smartscribe reverse transcriptase (100 units). went.
- PCR is 10 ⁇ l Sample, 50 ⁇ l 5 ⁇ buffer, 4 ⁇ l Bio-F primer (12 ⁇ M) (5′-Bio-TEG-CCTATCCCCTGTGTGCCTTGGCAGTCT-3 (SEQ ID NO: 5)), 4 ⁇ l 5 ′ PCR primer IIA (12 ⁇ M), 34 ⁇ l H 2 O, 2 ⁇ l DNA polymerase Ver.2 Might Amp, 20 cycles of 98 ° C. for 2 minutes, 98 ° C. for 10 seconds, 60 ° C. for 15 seconds, 68 ° C. for 4 minutes, went.
- the sequence of the PCR product is confirmed.
- the PCR product was purified with 100 ⁇ l of AMpure.
- the PCR product was subjected to agarose electrophoresis according to a standard method, and an amplification product of 500 bp or more was purified. Sonication cut the DNA size to 300-500bp suitable for the next generation sequencer. Further, the amplification product was made blunt using the End-It TM DNA End-Repair Kit (AR BROWN).
- the amplified product was purified and concentrated by MinElute PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen) to obtain elute DNA.
- adapter PCR was performed to prepare a library for next-generation sequencing. Specifically, 34 ⁇ l elute DNA, 5 ⁇ l Buffer ⁇ 10, 5 ⁇ l ATP, 5 ⁇ l dNTP, and 5 ⁇ l Enzyme were mixed to prepare a solution, left at room temperature for 40 minutes, and the following Solexa 3 adaptor-1 for Hiseq A double-stranded linker of Solexa 3 adaptor-2 was added to DNA smoothed with T4 DNA ligase.
- Solexa 3 adaptor-1 5'-GTGACTGGAGTTCAGACGTGTGCTCTTCCGATCT (SEQ ID NO: 6)
- Solexa 3 adaptor-2 5 '-/ 5Phos / AGATCGGAAGAGCACACGTCTGAACTCCAGTCAC / 3AmMC7 / -3' (SEQ ID NO: 7)
- 2 ⁇ l 454 Solexa primer (10 ⁇ M) 5-AATGATACGGCGACCACCACCGAGATCTACACTCTTTCCCTACACGACGCTCTTCCGATCTCCTATCCCCCCTGTGCCTTGGCAGTCT-3 (SEQ ID NO: 8), 2 ⁇ l Index 1CAT (AGACTGGTGT SEQ ID NO: 9), 9.2 ⁇ l H 2 O, 0.5 ⁇ l EX Taq HS (5 ⁇ / ⁇ l) were mixed, and PCR was performed on the region containing the barcode
- PCR was performed by incubating at 95 ° C. for 3 minutes, and then repeating 20 cycles of 95 ° C. for 20 seconds, 57 ° C. for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C. for 30 seconds. Thereafter, the amplified product was allowed to stand on ice. The PCR amplification product was subjected to gel electrophoresis, the band was excised and the cDNA was recovered. The recovered cDNA was purified and concentrated with the MinElute PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen). The sequence was analyzed with HiSeq2500 (Illumina Corporation).
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a sequence result of mRNA recovered from PBMC using the beads of the present invention. It was confirmed that a barcode sequence was added to the 3 'end of Homo sapiens nucleophosmin.
- Example 3 Preparation of beads and microplate for analyzing the structure of nucleic acid derived from a single cell
- Preparation of beads for analyzing the structure of a nucleic acid derived from a single cell by a modified method of Example 1 went.
- emulsion PCR was performed using a barcode linker.
- the bar code linker sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 31 below was used.
- an arbitrary base sequence is inserted upstream of the barcode sequence for the purpose of avoiding non-specific amplification (underlined part on the 3 ′ side of the barcode sequence). ).
- the 454 sequencing beads included in the Roche emPCR kit carry millions of molecular beads on an oligonucleotide having a specific sequence, and the size of the beads is 20 ⁇ m.
- PCR was performed using primers 5 '-/ 5Biosg // iSp18 / CGTATCGCCTCCCTCGCGCCAT-3' (SEQ ID NO: 32) and 5'-CCTATCCCCTGTGTGCCTTGGCAGTCT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 33) added with biotin on the 5' side. Thereafter, only beads amplified by PCR were selected and collected. Those amplified by PCR were purified with avidin-coupled magnetic beads because biotin was bound to the 5 ′ end of the amplified product. In this example, as in Example 1, the beads could be purified after the alkali treatment without using the enrichment primer.
- the double-stranded DNA amplified on the beads was treated with the restriction enzyme BtsI so that the oligo dT sequence was arranged at the 3 ′ end of the double-stranded DNA on the beads (55 ° C. ,3 hours).
- restriction enzyme 0.125N NaOH alkali treatment, and heat shock treatment at 95 ° C to denature the double-stranded DNA on the beads into single-stranded DNA, and the beads are further treated with LowTE (10 mM TrisHCl pH8 .0, 0.1 mM EDTA). It is considered that oligonucleotides consisting of millions of single-stranded DNAs are joined on the surface of the beads.
- PDMS slide a 2.0 ⁇ 10 5 well microplate having a diameter of 25 ⁇ m and a depth of 40 ⁇ m was plasma cluster treated, treated with 1% BSA for 30 minutes, washed with distilled water, and then washed with PBS.
- the prepared beads (diameter 20 ⁇ m) were placed on PDMS slides at a number approximately 1.1 to 1.3 times 200,000. Cover the slide with a dialysis membrane (12,000 to 14,000 MWCO regenerated cellulose dialysis tube, 25-mm flat) width, Fisher Scientific), and push the beads out of the well containing two beads by squeezing with a roller or ruler from above. One bead was placed on the surface. The slide after squeezing is shown in FIG.
- Example 4 Analysis of gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using beads of the present invention
- Example using microplate (PDMS slide) prepared in Example 3 with beads arranged in reaction wells Analysis of gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed by a modified method of 2.
- the number of cells was adjusted to 1/20 or less of the number of wells of the PDMS slide prepared in Example 3 and placed on the slide. After leaving for 10-15 minutes, wash the slide with PBS, cover the slide with dialysis membrane, and add 300 ⁇ l of Lysis buffer (500 mM LiCl in 100 mM TRIS buffer (pH 7.5) with 1% lithium dodecyl sulfate, 10 mM EDTA and 5 mM DTT) was added over the dialysis membrane. After leaving at room temperature for 20 minutes, it was left at 4 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- Lysis buffer 500 mM LiCl in 100 mM TRIS buffer (pH 7.5) with 1% lithium dodecyl sulfate, 10 mM EDTA and 5 mM DTT
- the dialysis membrane was peeled off, the PDMS slide was inverted, immersed in a petri dish containing 2 ml of cold Lysis buffer, the cells were dropped into the Lysis buffer, and centrifuged to collect the beads.
- PCR is 10 ⁇ l Sample, 50 ⁇ l 5 ⁇ buffer, 4 ⁇ l forward primer (12 ⁇ M) (5 ′-/ 5BioTEG / GCGGCTGAAGACGGCCTATGT-3 (SEQ ID NO: 34)), 4 ⁇ l 5 ′ PCR primer IIA (12 ⁇ M), Using 34 ⁇ l H 2 O, 2 ⁇ l DNA polymerase Ver.2 Might Amp, a cycle of 98 ° C. for 2 minutes, 98 ° C. for 10 seconds, 60 ° C. for 15 seconds and 68 ° C. for 4 minutes was performed 20 times.
- the PCR product was purified, a library for next-generation sequencing was prepared according to a conventional method, and the sequence was analyzed with HiSeq2500 (Illumina Corporation).
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the sequence result of mRNA recovered from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using the beads of the present invention. Since the same barcode sequence was added to the COX4I1 gene and the TRAPPC5 gene in the left column of FIG. 4, it was found that they were derived from the same cell. In addition, the COX4TI gene, MIF gene, and RPS18 gene in the right column were each added with a different barcode sequence, indicating that the same gene was expressed in a plurality of different cells.
- Example 5 Analysis of gene expression of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line using beads of the present invention
- hepatocellular carcinoma cancer stem like cell (HBV +) Gene expression analysis was performed.
- the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line used was obtained from a hepatitis B positive hepatocellular carcinoma patient.
- FIG. 5 shows part of the barcode sequence for identifying each cell, the number of genes, and the total read number.
- FIG. 6 shows the genes expressed in each cell as distinguished from each other by barcode. In each cell identified by the barcode sequence, the specific gene name whose expression was confirmed and the number of reads are shown. The read number indicates the relative expression level. It was found that the expression level of each gene differs from cell to cell, and it was confirmed that gene expression analysis for each cell was performed by the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 shows the correlation between the number of read sequences and the number of genes observed.
- FIG. 8 shows the correlation between the two cells.
- the gene frequency per cell was randomly selected and compared.
- the correlation (R 2 ) was as good as 0.96 among the best cells.
- R 2 was very good with 0.993.
- the present invention it is possible to analyze hundreds to tens of thousands of single cells at the same time, so that it becomes possible to clarify the hierarchical nature of the cell population and grasp the true cell state. It is expected to be useful for clinical research.
- the cells are greatly influenced by the microenvironment, and the response varies depending on a small number of molecules involved in transcription and translation, and also exhibits a somewhat stochastic response.
- the transcriptome of individual stem cells and differentiated cells can be clarified by the method according to the present invention, the differentiation process can be observed over time, the formation of tissues and organs efficiently, and the tissues and organs to be produced Useful for quality control.
- the expression analysis according to the present invention analyzes the nature of cancer subpopulations and changes over time, and analyzes cancers in early cancers, circulating cancers, cancers at metastasized sites, etc. The degree can be observed. Furthermore, the microenvironment surrounding the cancer (vascular endothelium, epithelium, fibroblasts, etc.) important for cancer maintenance can also be observed. Elucidating the gene expression of axons and dendrites according to the present invention and analyzing the function of neurons would be useful for elucidating the causes of neurological diseases and developing therapeutic agents.
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Abstract
Description
なお、本出願は、参照によりここに援用されるところの、日本国特許出願の特願2014-095011からの優先権を請求する。
1.単一細胞由来の核酸の構成を解析する方法に用いるための、複数個の反応ウェルを有するマイクロプレートであって、
1個の反応ウェル内に1個のビーズが配置されており、
1個のビーズ上に複数分子の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドが結合してなり、
一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドにおいて、核酸捕捉配列が3'末端に露出しており、核酸捕捉配列の5'側にバーコード配列が含まれており、
バーコード配列は各ビーズ毎に互いに異なる塩基配列である、マイクロプレート。
2.マイクロプレートの反応ウェルの80%以上に、1個のビーズが配置されてなる、前項1に記載のマイクロプレート。
3.ビーズが20~40μmの大きさである、前項1または2に記載のマイクロプレート。
4.以下の工程を含む、前項1~3のいずれか1に記載のマイクロプレートを作製する方法:
a)複数個の反応ウェルを有するマイクロプレートを準備する工程;
b)ビーズの直径に対する反応ウェルの直径の比率が1.2~1.75であるビーズを、マイクロプレート上に添加する工程;
c)半透膜によりマイクロプレートを覆い、押圧部材によりマイクロプレートの表面をしごくことにより、1個の反応ウェル内に1個のビーズを配置する工程。
5.前項1~3のいずれか1に記載のマイクロプレート、および核酸抽出試薬を含む、単一細胞由来の核酸の構成を解析する方法に用いるための試薬キット。
6.前項1~3のいずれか1に記載の複数個の反応ウェルを有するマイクロプレートを用いて、単一細胞由来の核酸の構成を解析する方法であって、マイクロプレートにおいて、1個の反応ウェル内に1個のビーズが配置され、1個のビーズ上に複数分子の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドが結合してなり、一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドにおいて、核酸捕捉配列が3'末端に露出しており、核酸捕捉配列の5'側にバーコード配列が含まれており、バーコード配列は各ビーズ毎に互いに異なる塩基配列であり、かつ、以下の工程を含む、解析方法:
1)マイクロプレートに細胞を播種して反応ウェル1個に細胞1個を配置させ、マイクロプレートの反応ウェル内において細胞から核酸を抽出し、当該細胞由来の核酸をビーズ上の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに捕捉させる工程;
2)ビーズ上の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに捕捉された核酸を鋳型として、核酸増幅反応を行い増幅断片を得る工程;
3)得られた増幅断片においてバーコード配列を確認し、同一のバーコード配列を有する断片を同一細胞由来の断片として同定する工程。
7.前項1~3のいずれか1に記載の複数個の反応ウェルを有するマイクロプレートを用いて、単一細胞由来の核酸の構成を解析する方法であって、マイクロプレートにおいて、1個の反応ウェル内に1個のビーズが配置され、1個のビーズ上に複数分子の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドが結合してなり、一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドにおいて、核酸捕捉配列が3'末端に露出しており、核酸捕捉配列の5'側にバーコード配列が含まれており、バーコード配列は各ビーズ毎に互いに異なる塩基配列であり、かつ、以下の工程を含む解析方法:
1)各ビーズ上の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに、1細胞由来の核酸が捕捉されてなる、複数のビーズを準備する工程;
2)ビーズ上の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに捕捉された核酸を鋳型として、核酸増幅反応を行い増幅断片を得る工程;
3)得られた増幅断片においてバーコード配列を確認し、同一のバーコード配列を有する断片を同一細胞由来の断片として同定する工程。
8.前項6の工程1)の捕捉工程が以下の工程を含む、または、前項7の工程1)における一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに核酸が捕捉されてなるビーズが以下の工程により調製されたものである、前項6または7に記載の解析方法:
1-1)マイクロプレートに細胞を播種して反応ウェル1個に細胞1個を配置させた後、半透膜によりマイクロプレートを覆う工程:
1-2)半透膜の上から核酸抽出試薬を添加して、反応ウェル内において細胞を溶解させて細胞から核酸を抽出する工程:
1-3)細胞から抽出された核酸をビーズ上の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに捕捉させる工程。
9.前項8の工程1-3)の後、マイクロプレートの反応ウェル内に配置された、核酸を捕捉したビーズを1個の容器に回収することにより、複数の細胞由来の核酸が1個の容器に回収される、前項8に記載の解析方法。
10.細胞由来の核酸がmRNAであり、ビーズ上のオリゴヌクレオチドに含まれる核酸捕捉配列がオリゴdT配列であり、前項6または前項7の工程2)において、核酸増幅反応の前に逆転写反応を行う、前項6~9のいずれか1に記載の解析方法。
11.1個のビーズ上に複数分子の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドが結合してなり、一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドにおいて、核酸捕捉配列が3'末端に露出しており、核酸捕捉配列の5'側にバーコード配列が含まれており、バーコード配列は各ビーズ毎に互いに異なる塩基配列であるビーズを作製する方法であって、以下の工程を含む作製方法:
i)バーコード配列、核酸捕捉配列および制限酵素認識配列を含むバーコードリンカーを鋳型として、1つのビーズを含む水滴中で核酸増幅反応を行うことにより、増幅産物である二本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドをビーズに結合させる工程であって、バーコードリンカーにおいて、制限酵素認識配列が核酸捕捉配列の3'側に隣接して含まれており;
ii)工程i)の核酸増幅反応の後に、ビーズに結合した二本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドを制限酵素処理することにより、二本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドの3'末端に核酸捕捉配列を露出させる工程;
iii)ビーズに結合した二本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドを一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに変性させる工程。
12.前項11に記載のビーズの作製方法により作製された、ビーズ。
13.以下の1)~3)の工程を含む、前項12に記載のビーズを用いて単一細胞由来の核酸の構成を解析する方法:
1)ビーズ1個と、細胞1個とを単一区画内で接触させた状態で細胞から核酸を抽出し、当該細胞由来の核酸をビーズ上の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに結合させる工程;
2)ビーズ上の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに結合した核酸を鋳型として、核酸増幅反応を行い増幅断片を得る工程;
3)得られた増幅断片においてバーコード配列を確認し、同一のバーコード配列を有する断片を同一細胞由来の断片として同定する工程。
また本発明のマイクロプレートによれば、単一細胞からの核酸の捕捉と、核酸増幅反応などの解析を別個の場所で行うことができることから、解析可能となる対象が大幅に広がるものと考えられる。
i)1種類のバーコード配列と核酸捕捉配列と制限酵素認識配列を含むバーコードリンカーを鋳型として、1つのビーズを含む水滴中で核酸増幅反応を行うことにより、当該バーコード配列を含む二本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドをビーズに結合させる工程であって、バーコードリンカーにおいて、制限酵素認識配列が核酸捕捉配列の3'側に隣接して含まれており;
ii)工程i)の核酸増幅反応の後に、ビーズに結合した二本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドを制限酵素処理することにより、二本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドの3'末端に核酸捕捉配列を露出させる工程;
iii)ビーズに結合した二本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドを一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに変性させる工程。
5'-CCATCTCATCCCTGCGTGTCTCCGACTCAGGCAGTGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANNNNNNNNNNNNCTGAGACTGCCAAGGCACACAGGGGATAGG -3' (配列番号2 )
上記塩基配列において、5'末端から数えて1~25番目の塩基配列はプライマー相補配列であり、57~68番目の塩基配列であるNNNNNNNNNNNN(配列番号1)はバーコード配列であり、37~56番目のポリdA配列(オリゴdT配列の相補配列)は核酸捕捉配列であり、31~36番目の塩基配列は制限酵素認識配列であり、72~98番目の塩基配列はプライマー相補配列である。
5'-CCATCTCATCCCTGCGTGTCTCCGACTCAGGCAGTGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANNNNNNNNNNNNACATAGGCCGTCTTCAGCCGCTGAGACTGCCAAGGCACACAGGGGATAGG-3' (配列番号31):
上記塩基配列において、5'末端から数えて1~25番目の塩基配列はプライマー相補配列であり、31~36番目の塩基配列は制限酵素認識配列であり、37~61番目のポリdA配列は核酸捕捉配列であり、62~73番目の塩基配列であるNNNNNNNNNNNN(配列番号1)はバーコード配列であり、97~123番目の塩基配列はプライマー相補配列である。なお75~93番目の塩基配列は任意の塩基配列であり、ビーズを用いて細胞由来の核酸を解析する際に、細胞由来の核酸を捕捉した後、核酸を増幅するためのプライマー相補配列として使用することができる。
本発明において用いられるビーズは、ポリスチレン、ポリプロピレン等の樹脂製のビーズ等の有機ポリマー製ビーズ、セレン化カドミウム(CdSe)、硫化亜鉛(ZnS)、硫化カドミウム(CdS)、セレン化亜鉛(ZnSe)、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)等の半導体材料でできた量子ドット(半導体ナノ粒子)等の半導体製ビーズ、金等の金属製ビーズ、シリカ製ビーズなどの重合体ビーズ等を例示することができる。また本発明におけるビーズとして、、セルロース、セルロース誘導体、アクリル樹脂、ガラス、シリカゲル、ポリスチレン、ゼラチン、ポリビニルピロリドン、ビニルおよびアクリルアミドの共重合体、ジビニルベンゼン架橋ポリスチレン等(Merrifield Biochemistry 1964,3,1385-1390参照)、ポリアクリルアミド、ラテックスゲル、ポリスチレン、デキストラン、ゴム、シリコン、プラスチック、ニトロセルロース、セルロース、天然海綿、シリカゲル、ガラス、金属プラスチック、セルロース、架橋デキストラン(例えばSephadexTM)およびアガロースゲル(SepharoseTM)等の材質のビーズが例示される。好ましくは、アガロースゲル(SepharoseTM)のビーズである。
a)複数個の反応ウェルを有するマイクロプレートを準備する工程;
b)マイクロプレート上に、ビーズを含む溶液を添加する工程であって、ビーズの直径に対する反応ウェルの直径の比率が約1.2~1.75である工程。また、この時のビーズの直径に対する反応ウェルの深さの比率は約1.5~2.5であることが好ましい。具体的には、反応ウェルの直径は24~70μmが好ましく、ビーズの直径が20μmである場合は、反応ウェルの直径は24~35μmである。また反応ウェルの深さは30~100μmが好ましく、ビーズの直径が20μmである場合は、反応ウェルの深さは30~50μm(好ましくは30~40μm)である。
c)半透膜によりマイクロプレートを覆い、押圧部材によりマイクロプレートの表面をしごくことにより、1個の反応ウェル内に1個のビーズを配置する工程。
1)本発明の作製方法により得られたビーズ1個と、細胞1個とを接触させた状態で細胞から核酸を抽出し、当該細胞由来の核酸をビーズ上のオリゴヌクレオチドに結合させる工程;
2)ビーズ上のオリゴヌクレオチドに結合した核酸を鋳型として、核酸増幅反応を行う工程;
3)得られた増幅断片においてバーコード配列を確認し、同一のバーコード配列を有する断片を同一細胞由来の断片として、単一細胞由来の核酸の構成を解析する工程。
以下の方法により、単一細胞由来の核酸の構成を解析するためのビーズの作製を行った(図1A)。
バーコードリンカーを用いてエマルジョンPCRを行った。バーコードリンカーの配列は以下の配列番号2に示すものであり、ポリdA配列(オリゴdT配列の相補配列)とPCR増幅の為のプライマー相補配列を含む。バーコードリンカーは、Integrated DNA Technologies社にて合成した。
バーコードリンカー(配列番号2):
5'- CCATCTCATCCCTGCGTGTCTCCGACTCAGGCAGTGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANNNNNNNNNNNNCTGAGACTGCCAAGGCACACAGGGGATAGG -3'
N = A or T or C or G
精製法:PAGE Purification
エマルジョンPCRはRoche emPCR kitを使用して行った。Roche emPCR kitに含まれる454 sequencing用ビーズは、特定の配列からなるオリゴヌクレオチドを数百万分子ビーズ上に担持しており、ビーズの大きさは20μmである。
PCRは5'-CCTATCCCCTGTGTGCCTTGGCAGTCT(配列番号3)と5'-CCATCTCATCCCTGCGTGTCTCCGA(配列番号4)のプライマーを用いて、94℃で4分間インキュベートし、その後94℃で30秒間、58℃で4.5分間、68℃で30秒間を1サイクルとして、50サイクル行い、10℃で維持した。454 sequencing用ビーズ上のオリゴヌクレオチドにPCRの増幅産物を結合させたものを作製した。
実施例1で作製したビーズを用いて、以下の方法により、末梢血単核球の遺伝子発現の解析を行った(図1B)。
直径35~40μm×深さ50μmの1.7×105~2.3×105ウエルのpolydimethylsiloxane製のマイクロプレート(以下「PDMSスライド」とも称する)を、プラズマクラスター処理(O2 100cc 75W 10sec)し、表面を親水性に加工した。プラズマクラスター処理したPDMSスライドを1% BSAで30分間処理して蒸留水で洗浄し、その後PBSで洗浄した。
10~15分放置後、PBSでスライドを洗浄し、透析膜(12,000~14,000 MWCO 再生セルロース透析チューブ、25-mm flat width、Fisher Scientific)でスライドを覆った。
出来るだけ透析膜とスライドの間に液が残らないように、透析膜とスライドの間に残った液をピペットマンで横から吸引した。
300μlのLysis buffer(500 mM LiCl in 100 mM TRIS buffer (pH 7.5) with 1% lithium dodecyl sulfate, 10 mM EDTA and 5 mM DTT)を透析膜の上から、添加した。
20分間、室温で放置後、4℃にて10分間放置した。
その後透析膜を剥がして、PDMSスライドを逆さにして、2mlの冷Lysis bufferが入ったシャーレに浸し、細胞をLysis buffer中に落下させた。
10,000rpmで10秒遠心してビーズを回収し、続いてbuffer A(100 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 500 mM LiCl, 1 mM EDTA, 4℃)に懸濁し、さらに10,000rpmで10秒間遠心を行うことによりビーズを回収した。続いて、回収したビーズをbuffer B(20 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 50 mM KCl, 3 mM MgCl)に懸濁して10,000rpmで遠心を行った。
逆転写反応は、5×First strand buffer、DTT、dNTP mix、SMARTer IIA Oligonucleotide (12uM)、RNase inhibitor、Smartscribe reverse transcriptase(100 unit)を用いて、42℃ 1時間、70℃ 10分間インキュベートすることにより行った。
PCR後、AMpure 100 μlにてPCR産物を精製した。さらに、PCR産物を定法に従って、アガロース電気泳動を行い、500bp以上の増幅産物を精製した。Sonicationして、DNAサイズを次世代シークエンサーに適合した300-500bpに切断した。さらにEnd-ItTM DNA End-Repair Kit(AR BROWN)を用いて増幅産物を平滑末端にした。さらに増幅産物をMinElute PCR Purification Kit(Qiagen)により精製、濃縮し、elute DNAとした。
次に、次世代シーケンサーのオリゴ結合配列をもつアダプターを結合させるために、アダプターPCRを行ない、次世代シーケンシング用のライブラリーを作製した。具体的には34 μl elute DNA、5 μl Buffer×10、5 μl ATP、5 μl dNTP、5 μl Enzymeを混合して溶液を調製し40分間室温におき、以下のHiseq用Solexa 3 adaptor-1とSolexa 3 adaptor-2の2本鎖リンカーをT4 DNA ligaseにより平滑にしたDNAに付加した。
Solexa 3 adaptor-1: 5'-GTGACTGGAGTTCAGACGTGTGCTCTTCCGATCT (配列番号6)
Solexa 3 adaptor-2: 5'-/5Phos/AGATCGGAAGAGCACACGTCTGAACTCCAGTCAC/3AmMC7/-3'(配列番号7)
その後、2 μl 10×EXTaq buffer、1.6 μl dNTP (2.5mM)、2 μl 454 Solexa primer (10 μM) 5-AATGATACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACTCTTTCCCTACACGACGCTCTTCCGATCTCCTATCCCCTGTGTGCCTTGGCAGTCT-3(配列番号8)、2 μl Index 1 primer (10 μM) 5-CAAGCAGAAGACGGCATACGAGATCGTGATGTGACTGGAGTTC(配列番号9)、9.2 μl H2O、0.5 μl EX Taq HS (5μ/μl)を混合して、バーコードと遺伝子の3'端を含む領域のPCRを行った。PCRは、95℃で3分間インキュベートしたあと、95℃で20秒間、57℃で30秒間、72℃で30秒間のサイクルを20回繰り返して行った。その後に増幅産物を氷上に静置した。PCR増幅産物についてゲル電気泳動を行い、バンドを切り出してcDNAを回収した。
回収したcDNAをMinElute PCR Purification Kit(Qiagen)で精製、濃縮した。HiSeq2500(イルミナ株式会社)にて、シークエンスを解析した。
実施例1を改変した方法により、単一細胞由来の核酸の構成を解析するためのビーズの作製を行った。
まず、バーコードリンカーを用いてエマルジョンPCR行った。バーコードリンカーの配列は以下の配列番号31に示すものを用いた。バーコードリンカーにはエマルジョンPCRのプライマー相補配列に加えて、非特異的な増幅をさける目的で任意の塩基配列をバーコード配列の上流に挿入されている(バーコード配列の3'側の下線部)。かかる任意の塩基配列を用いて、捕捉したmRNAの逆転写の後の2ndストランド合成を行うことができる。なお、ポリdA配列の5'側の下線部は、制限酵素サイトである。バーコードリンカーは、Integrated DNA Technologies社にて合成した。
バーコードリンカー(配列番号31):
5'-CCATCTCATCCCTGCGTGTCTCCGACTCAGGCAGTGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANNNNNNNNNNNNACATAGGCCGTCTTCAGCCGCTGAGACTGCCAAGGCACACAGGGGATAGG-3'
N = A or T or C or G
精製法:PAGE Purification
エマルジョンPCRは、実施例1を改変した方法により、Roche emPCR kitを使用して行った。Roche emPCR kitに含まれる454 sequencing用ビーズは、特定の配列からなるオリゴヌクレオチドを数百万分子ビーズ上に担持しており、ビーズの大きさは20μmである。
PCRは、5'側にbiotinを付加したプライマー 5'-/5Biosg//iSp18/CGTATCGCCTCCCTCGCGCCAT-3'(配列番号32)と5'-CCTATCCCCTGTGTGCCTTGGCAGTCT-3'(配列番号33)を用いて行った。
その後、PCRによる増幅がされたビーズのみを選別して回収した。PCRによる増幅が行われたものは、増幅産物の5'末端にbiotinが結合しているため、avidin結合磁気ビーズにより精製を行った。本実施例では、実施例1のようにアルカリ処理の後、エンリッチメントプライマーを用いずに、ビーズの精製を行うことができた。
制限酵素で処理した後、0.125N NaOHアルカリ処理し、さらに95℃によるheat shock処理を行うことにより、ビーズ上の2本鎖DNAを1本鎖DNAに変性させ、さらにビーズをLowTE(10mM TrisHCl pH8.0, 0.1mM EDTA)で遠心にて洗滌した。ビーズの表面上には、数百万分子の1本鎖DNAからなるオリゴヌクレオチドが接合していると考えられる。
実施例3で作製した、反応ウェル内にビーズが配置したマイクロプレート(PDMSスライド)を用いて、実施例2を改変した方法により、末梢血単核球細胞の遺伝子発現の解析を行った。
20分間、室温で放置後、4℃にて10分間放置した。
その後透析膜を剥がして、PDMSスライドを逆さにして、2mlの冷Lysis bufferが入ったシャーレに浸し、細胞をLysis buffer中に落下させ、遠心してビーズを回収した。
次に、PCRにて2nd strandを合成した。PCRは、10 μl Sample、50 μl 5×buffer、4 μl フォワードプライマー(12 μM)(5'-/5BioTEG /GCGGCTGAAGACGGCCTATGT -3(配列番号34))、4 μl 5'PCR primer IIA(12 μM)、34 μl H2O、2 μl DNA polymerase Ver.2 Might Ampを用いて、98℃ 2分間、98℃ 10秒間、60℃で15秒間、68℃で4分間のサイクルを20回で、行った。
実施例4と同様にして、肝細胞がん細胞株(Hepatocellular carcinoma cancer stem like cell(HBV+))について、遺伝子発現の解析を行った。用いた肝細胞がん細胞株は、B型肝炎陽性肝細胞がん患者から入手したものである。
各細胞に発現する遺伝子を、バーコードにより区別して記載したものを、図6に示す。バーコード配列により識別された各細胞において、発現が確認された具体的な遺伝子名と、read数を示す。なお、read数は相対的な発現量を示す。細胞毎に、各遺伝子の発現量が異なることがわかり、本発明の方法により細胞毎の遺伝子発現解析が行われていることが確認できた。
配列のread数と、観測された遺伝子数の相関を図7に示す。細胞当りのread数はシークエンス配列により違いはあるが、1細胞当りのread数が多い時は約11000遺伝子の同定が可能となる。
図8は、2つの細胞間の相関を示す。細胞当りの遺伝子頻度をランダムに2細胞選んで比較した。相関(R2)は最も良い細胞間で0.96と良好であった。また、Thy1陽性、陰性をそれぞれ50細胞ずつ合わせたデータについて、相関を得たところ、R2が0.993と非常に良い相関であった。これらのことから、細胞当りの遺伝子発現頻度の誤差は非常に低いことが明らかとなった。また他の1細胞遺伝子解析法(Smart-seq)(Ramskold D et al.:Nat Biotechnol(2012))と比較しても、本発明の解析方法は非常に相関が優れていた。
例えば本発明による方法で個々の幹細胞と分化した細胞のトランスクリプトームを明らかに出来れば、分化の過程を経時的に観察することができ、組織や臓器の効率的な形成、製造する組織や臓器の品質管理に有用である。また、本発明による発現解析によって、癌の亜集団の性質やその経時的変化を解析したり、初期癌、循環している癌、転移した場所での癌などを解析することにより、癌の進行度合いを観察することができる。さらに癌の維持に重要な癌周囲の微小環境(血管内皮、上皮、線維芽細胞等)も併せて観察できる。本発明によって軸索と樹状突起の遺伝子発現を分けて解明して、ニューロンの機能を解析すれば、神経疾患の原因解明や、治療薬開発に役立つものと考えられる。
Claims (13)
- 単一細胞由来の核酸の構成を解析する方法に用いるための、複数個の反応ウェルを有するマイクロプレートであって、
1個の反応ウェル内に1個のビーズが配置されており、
1個のビーズ上に複数分子の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドが結合してなり、
一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドにおいて、核酸捕捉配列が3'末端に露出しており、核酸捕捉配列の5'側にバーコード配列が含まれており、
バーコード配列は各ビーズ毎に互いに異なる塩基配列である、マイクロプレート。 - マイクロプレートの反応ウェルの80%以上に、1個のビーズが配置されてなる、請求項1に記載のマイクロプレート。
- ビーズが20~40μmの大きさである、請求項1または2に記載のマイクロプレート。
- 以下の工程を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1に記載のマイクロプレートを作製する方法:
a)複数個の反応ウェルを有するマイクロプレートを準備する工程;
b)ビーズの直径に対する反応ウェルの直径の比率が1.2~1.75であるビーズを、マイクロプレート上に添加する工程;
c)半透膜によりマイクロプレートを覆い、押圧部材によりマイクロプレートの表面をしごくことにより、1個の反応ウェル内に1個のビーズを配置する工程。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1に記載のマイクロプレート、および核酸抽出試薬を含む、単一細胞由来の核酸の構成を解析する方法に用いるための試薬キット。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1に記載の複数個の反応ウェルを有するマイクロプレートを用いて、単一細胞由来の核酸の構成を解析する方法であって、マイクロプレートにおいて、1個の反応ウェル内に1個のビーズが配置され、1個のビーズ上に複数分子の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドが結合してなり、一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドにおいて、核酸捕捉配列が3'末端に露出しており、核酸捕捉配列の5'側にバーコード配列が含まれており、バーコード配列は各ビーズ毎に互いに異なる塩基配列であり、かつ、以下の工程を含む、解析方法:
1)マイクロプレートに細胞を播種して反応ウェル1個に細胞1個を配置させ、マイクロプレートの反応ウェル内において細胞から核酸を抽出し、当該細胞由来の核酸をビーズ上の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに捕捉させる工程;
2)ビーズ上の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに捕捉された核酸を鋳型として、核酸増幅反応を行い増幅断片を得る工程;
3)得られた増幅断片においてバーコード配列を確認し、同一のバーコード配列を有する断片を同一細胞由来の断片として同定する工程。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1に記載の複数個の反応ウェルを有するマイクロプレートを用いて、単一細胞由来の核酸の構成を解析する方法であって、マイクロプレートにおいて、1個の反応ウェル内に1個のビーズが配置され、1個のビーズ上に複数分子の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドが結合してなり、一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドにおいて、核酸捕捉配列が3'末端に露出しており、核酸捕捉配列の5'側にバーコード配列が含まれており、バーコード配列は各ビーズ毎に互いに異なる塩基配列であり、かつ、以下の工程を含む解析方法:
1)各ビーズ上の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに、1細胞由来の核酸が捕捉されてなる、複数のビーズを準備する工程;
2)ビーズ上の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに捕捉された核酸を鋳型として、核酸増幅反応を行い増幅断片を得る工程;
3)得られた増幅断片においてバーコード配列を確認し、同一のバーコード配列を有する断片を同一細胞由来の断片として同定する工程。 - 請求項6の工程1)の捕捉工程が以下の工程を含む、または、請求項7の工程1)における一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに核酸が捕捉されてなるビーズが以下の工程により調製されたものである、請求項6または7に記載の解析方法:
1-1)マイクロプレートに細胞を播種して反応ウェル1個に細胞1個を配置させた後、半透膜によりマイクロプレートを覆う工程:
1-2)半透膜の上から核酸抽出試薬を添加して、反応ウェル内において細胞を溶解させて細胞から核酸を抽出する工程:
1-3)細胞から抽出された核酸をビーズ上の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに捕捉させる工程。 - 請求項8の工程1-3)の後、マイクロプレートの反応ウェル内に配置された、核酸を捕捉したビーズを1個の容器に回収することにより、複数の細胞由来の核酸が1個の容器に回収される、請求項8に記載の解析方法。
- 細胞由来の核酸がmRNAであり、ビーズ上のオリゴヌクレオチドに含まれる核酸捕捉配列がオリゴdT配列であり、請求項6または請求項7の工程2)において、核酸増幅反応の前に逆転写反応を行う、請求項6~9のいずれか1に記載の解析方法。
- 1個のビーズ上に複数分子の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドが結合してなり、一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドにおいて、核酸捕捉配列が3'末端に露出しており、核酸捕捉配列の5'側にバーコード配列が含まれており、バーコード配列は各ビーズ毎に互いに異なる塩基配列であるビーズを作製する方法であって、以下の工程を含む作製方法:
i)バーコード配列、核酸捕捉配列および制限酵素認識配列を含むバーコードリンカーを鋳型として、1つのビーズを含む水滴中で核酸増幅反応を行うことにより、増幅産物である二本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドをビーズに結合させる工程であって、バーコードリンカーにおいて、制限酵素認識配列が核酸捕捉配列の3'側に隣接して含まれており;
ii)工程i)の核酸増幅反応の後に、ビーズに結合した二本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドを制限酵素処理することにより、二本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドの3'末端に核酸捕捉配列を露出させる工程;
iii)ビーズに結合した二本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドを一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに変性させる工程。 - 請求項11に記載のビーズの作製方法により作製された、ビーズ。
- 以下の1)~3)の工程を含む、請求項12に記載のビーズを用いて単一細胞由来の核酸の構成を解析する方法:
1)ビーズ1個と、細胞1個とを単一区画内で接触させた状態で細胞から核酸を抽出し、当該細胞由来の核酸をビーズ上の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに結合させる工程;
2)ビーズ上の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドに結合した核酸を鋳型として、核酸増幅反応を行い増幅断片を得る工程;
3)得られた増幅断片においてバーコード配列を確認し、同一のバーコード配列を有する断片を同一細胞由来の断片として同定する工程。
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| JP6593710B2 (ja) | 2019-10-23 |
| JPWO2015166768A1 (ja) | 2017-05-18 |
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| US10738352B2 (en) | 2020-08-11 |
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