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WO2015161247A1 - Anticorps anti-c16orf54 humanisés et leurs méthodes d'utilisation - Google Patents

Anticorps anti-c16orf54 humanisés et leurs méthodes d'utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015161247A1
WO2015161247A1 PCT/US2015/026461 US2015026461W WO2015161247A1 WO 2015161247 A1 WO2015161247 A1 WO 2015161247A1 US 2015026461 W US2015026461 W US 2015026461W WO 2015161247 A1 WO2015161247 A1 WO 2015161247A1
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seq
amino acid
acid sequence
antibody
cdr2
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Jan-willem THEUNISSEN
Sun Young Kim
Leonard G. Presta
David Y. Jackson
Edward Ha
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Igenica Biotherapeutics Inc
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Igenica Biotherapeutics Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/30—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants from tumour cells
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
    • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
    • A61K47/6835—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site
    • A61K47/6851—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment the modifying agent being an antibody or an immunoglobulin bearing at least one antigen-binding site the antibody targeting a determinant of a tumour cell
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
    • C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
    • C07K2317/34—Identification of a linear epitope shorter than 20 amino acid residues or of a conformational epitope defined by amino acid residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
    • C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to humanized anti-C16orf54 antibodies, including antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) comprising the humanized antibodies, and to methods of using such antibodies and ADCs.
  • ADCs antibody drug conjugates
  • Hematologic cancers also referred to as liquid tumors, are cancers of the blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes, and include leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma.
  • Leukemias are cancers of the blood-forming tissues characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias are typically classified as either chronic (slowly progressing) or acute (rapidly progressing).
  • Leukemias are further classified based upon the type of white blood cell that is affected, either lymphoid cells (lymphoid, lymphocytic or lymphoblastic leukemia) or myeloid cells (myeloid, myelogenous, myeloblastic, or granulocytic leukemia).
  • lymphoid cells lymphoid, lymphocytic or lymphoblastic leukemia
  • myeloid cells myeloid, myelogenous, myeloblastic, or granulocytic leukemia.
  • ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  • CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • AML myelogenous leukemia
  • CML chronic myelogenous leukemia
  • Lymphomas are cancers that start in the lymph system, mainly the lymph nodes.
  • the two main types of lymphoma are Hodgkin lymphoma, which spreads in an orderly manner from one group of lymph nodes to another, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which spreads through the lymphatic system in a non-orderly manner.
  • Myeloma multiple myeloma or plasma cell myeloma
  • Solid tumors refer to a solid mass of cancer cells that grow in organ systems and can occur anywhere in the body, for example, breast cancer or pancreatic cancer.
  • epithelial tumors Two types of solid tumors are seen in adults: epithelial tumors and sarcomas.
  • Epithelial tumors which can also be called carcinomas, occur in the lining (epithelium) that is on the outside or inside of the organ.
  • Sarcomas are also called “connective tissue tumors” because they occur in the tissue that keeps the organs together.
  • CLL Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • the staging of CLL is based upon the Rai or Binet systems.
  • Other parameters predictive of high-risk CLL include low levels of somatic hypermutations in the immunoglobulin V H gene region, high expression levels of ZAP70 and CD38, and the presence of genomic aberrations defined as 17p and 1 1 q deletions.
  • Patients at earlier stages are typically monitored without therapy unless they show signs of disease progression.
  • Patients at intermediate usually benefit from the initiation of treatment.
  • Treatments of CLL include monotherapy with purine analogs, with fludarabine, pentostatin and cladribine being the purine analogs currently used in CLL. Since the 1990s, combination chemotherapies have been used, typically involving purine analogs combined with alkylating agents, such as bendamustine hydrochloride or cyclophosphamide. The combination of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) is the most robust of these combined chemotherapies. Chemotherapy may also be combined with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has proven highly effective in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FCR).
  • FCR fludarabine and cyclophosphamide
  • Alemtuzumab a humanized anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody, is effective in treating relapsed or refractory CLL when used as a single agent, and has also been tested in combination therapies with rituximab and FCR. Additional candidates for chemoimmunotherapy of CLL are the newly developed humanized anti-CD20 antibodies ofatumumab, obinutuzumab, veltuzumab, and ocrelizumab, and lumiliximab, a primatized anti-CD23 antibody. Other new agents being tested in CLL treatment include lenalidomide, an immunomodulatory agent, flavopiridol, a synthetic flavon, and the Bcl2 antagonists oblimersen and ABT-263.
  • AML acute myeloid leukemia
  • FAB French-American-British
  • Treatment for AML generally includes two stages, remission induction therapy, followed by consolidation therapy with either 1 -4 cycles of chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation.
  • AML acute promyelocytic leukemia
  • over 75% of patients can be cured with a combination of anthracycline-based therapy, all- trans retinoic acid, and arsenic trioxide.
  • the drugs for remission and consolidation therapy are typically cytosine arabinoside (ara-C;
  • daunorubicin adriamycin, idarubicin, or mitoxantrone.
  • gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg), an antibody-drug conjugate comprising an anti-CD33 antibody linked to calicheamicin, lenalidomide, an immunomodulatory agent, hypomethylating agents such as azacytidine or decitabine, clofarabine, a nucleoside analog, and FLT3 inhibitors such as midostaurin, sorafenib and AC220.
  • Mylotarg gemtuzumab ozogamicin
  • an antibody-drug conjugate comprising an anti-CD33 antibody linked to calicheamicin, lenalidomide
  • an immunomodulatory agent hypomethylating agents such as azacytidine or decitabine, clofarabine, a nucleoside analog
  • FLT3 inhibitors such as midostaurin, sorafenib and AC220.
  • Tumor associated antigens are cell surface molecules that are more highly expressed on tumor cells than on normal cells, and thus can be used to immunologically distinguish between cancer and normal cells. These tumor associated antigens may be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers for cancer. They may also be useful as targets for immunotherapy with antibodies that recognize the tumor associated antigen, and thus selectively target tumor cells.
  • tumor associated antigens examples include carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a glycoprotein expressed on gastrointestinal cancers and also present in many adenocarcinomas of endodermal origin; epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM), which is highly expressed by colorectal, pancreatic and non-small cell lung cancers, and is the target of the monoclonal antibody Edrecolomab; and Her2/neu, a member of the EGFR family that is overexpressed in approximately 25% of breast cancers as well as adenocarcinomas of the ovary, prostate, lung and gastrointestinal tract, and is the target of the humanized antibody Trastuzumab.
  • CCA carcinoembryonic antigen
  • Ep-CAM epithelial cell adhesion molecule
  • Her2/neu a member of the EGFR family that is overexpressed in approximately 25% of breast cancers as well as adenocarcinomas of the ovary, prostate, lung and gastrointestinal tract, and is the target of the
  • C16orf54 is a single pass type I transmembrane protein composed of 224 amino acids.
  • the protein comprises a 31 amino acid N-terminal extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, and a 171 amino acid C-terminal intracellular cytoplasmic domain.
  • Orthologues of C16orf54 are found in other species, including primates, bovines, rat and mouse, but the C16orf54 amino acid sequence does not share significant sequence homology to any proteins of known function.
  • C16orf54 was also identified as a marker indicative of metastasis to bone tissue by comparison of expression levels in bone metastases of breast tumors as compared to lung, liver, brain and skin metastases. C16orf54 was overexpressed in bone metastases of breast tumors as compared to other metastases, and as compared to expression in normal bone (International Patent Application No. WO2008/104543). C16orf54 (referred to as A1467606) was identified as a transcription target of RUNX1/AML1 and is expressed during development of the hematopoietic system in vivo and its expression is detected in the CD41 + cell population. See Ferraras, C. et al. (201 1 ) Blood 1 18: 594-597 and Supplement. SUMMARY
  • the present disclosure provides antibodies that bind C16orf54, including humanized antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates comprising the humanized antibodies, and methods of use of the antibodies and the antibody-drug conjugates, including for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
  • the present disclosure provides antibodies that bind to C16orf54, including a C16orf54 polypeptide, a C16orf54 polypeptide fragment or a C16orf54 epitope, collectively referred to herein as anti-C16orf54 antibodies ⁇ e.g., humanized antibody), including humanized antibodies that bind to the extracellular domain of C16orf54 ⁇ e.g., an extracellular domain epitope).
  • humanized antibodies that are conjugated to drugs as humanized antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), including ADCs of the formula A-L-CTX, wherein A is an antibody, L is a linker, and CTX is cytotoxin.
  • ADCs humanized antibody-drug conjugates
  • the anti- C16orf54 antibodies are humanized antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 polypeptide, a C16orf54 polypeptide fragment or a C16orf54 epitope, including humanized antibodies that bind to the extracellular domain of C16orf54 ⁇ e.g., an extracellular domain epitope).
  • the anti-C16orf54 antibody, including a humanized antibody comprises a VH domain, VL domain, VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of a monoclonal antibody as described herein, including a humanized antibody.
  • the anti-C16orf54 antibody including a humanized antibody, can further comprise a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, VH FR4, VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of a human germline immunoglobulin amino acid sequence or a variant thereof.
  • the anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises six CDRs or less than six CDRs. In some embodiments, the anti-C16orf54 antibody, including a humanized antibody, comprises or consists of one, two, three, four, five or six CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3.
  • the anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises or consists of one, two, three, four, five or six CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of a monoclonal antibody described herein, including a humanized
  • the anti-C16orf54 antibody including a humanized antibody, further comprises a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, VH FR4, VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of a human germline immunoglobulin amino acid sequence or a variant thereof.
  • the anti-C16orf54 antibody is a humanized antibody, a monoclonal antibody, a recombinant antibody, an antigen binding fragment or any combination thereof.
  • the anti-C16orf54 antibody is a humanized monoclonal antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, that binds to a C16orf54 polypeptide (e.g., a cell surface-expressed or soluble C16orf54), a C16orf54 fragment, or a C16orf54 epitope, including humanized antibodies that bind to the extracellular domain of C16orf54 (e.g., an extracellular domain epitope).
  • anti-C16orf54 antibodies including humanized antibodies (i) that competitively block [e.g., in a dose- dependent manner) reference anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized anti- C16orf54 antibody) provided herein from binding to a C16orf54 polypeptide ⁇ e.g., a cell surface-expressed or soluble C16orf54), a C16orf54 fragment, or a C16orf54 epitope ⁇ e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) and/or (ii) that bind to a C16orf54 epitope ⁇ e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) that is bound by an anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody) provided herein.
  • a C16orf54 polypeptide ⁇ e.g., a cell surface-expressed or soluble C16orf54
  • C16orf54 fragment e.g., an
  • the anti-C16orf54 antibody including a humanized antibody, competitively blocks ⁇ e.g., in a dose-dependent manner) a reference monoclonal antibody, including a humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody as described herein, from binding to a C16orf54 polypeptide ⁇ e.g., a cell surface-expressed or soluble
  • C16orf54 a C16orf54 fragment, or a C16orf54 epitope ⁇ e.g., an extracellular domain epitope).
  • the anti-C16orf54 antibodies are conjugated or recombinantly fused to a diagnostic agent, detectable agent or therapeutic agent.
  • the therapeutic agent is a chemotherapeutic agent ⁇ e.g., a cytotoxic agent such as cytotoxin).
  • the detectable agent is a radioisotope, an enzyme, a fluorescent compound, a bioluminescent compound or a
  • the anti-C16orf54 antibodies including humanized anti-C16orf54 antibodies, provided herein are conjugated to drugs as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs).
  • ADC antibody-drug conjugate
  • the antibody- drug conjugate (ADC) is of the formula A-L-CTX, wherein A is an antibody (e.g., humanized antibody), L is a linker, and CTX is a cytotoxin.
  • compositions comprising an anti- C16orf54 antibody, including a humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody, as described herein.
  • the compositions comprise an antibody-drug conjugate wherein the antibody is a humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody.
  • pharmaceutical compositions comprising an anti-C16orf54 antibody or antibody drug conjugate, wherein the antibody is a humanized anti- C16orf54 antibody as described herein.
  • the present disclosure also provides isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding a VH chain, VL chain, VH domain, VL domain, VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of anti-C16Orf54 humanized antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 polypeptide, a C16orf54 polypeptide fragment, or a C16orf54 epitope ⁇ e.g., an extracellular domain epitope).
  • the nucleic acid molecule encodes a VH domain, VL domain, VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of a monoclonal anti-C16orf54 antibody, including a humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody as described herein.
  • the nucleic acid molecule further encodes a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, VH FR4, VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of a human germline immunoglobulin amino acid sequence or a variant thereof.
  • vectors and host cells comprising the nucleic acid molecules encoding an anti- C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized antibody), as well as methods of producing an anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized antibody) by culturing the host cells provided herein under conditions that promote the production of the anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized antibody).
  • the present disclosure also provides methods of treating, preventing or alleviating one or more symptoms of a disease, disorder or condition comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized antibody) provided herein to a subject, thereby treating, preventing or alleviating one or more symptoms of the disease.
  • the disease, disorder or condition is caused by or otherwise associated with C16orf54.
  • the disease is a cancer.
  • the cancer is acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).
  • the cancer is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), myeloma (e.g., multiple myeloma (MM)) or lymphoma.
  • CML chronic myelogenous leukemia
  • ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  • CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • myeloma e.g., multiple myeloma (MM)
  • ADC unconjugated antibody or conjugated antibody
  • the anti-C16orf54 antibodies ⁇ e.g., humanized antibodies) provided herein directly kill C16orf54-bearing tumor cells ⁇ e.g., via antibody- dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
  • antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) comprising anti- C16orf54 antibodies ⁇ e.g., humanized antibodies) provided herein directly kill C16orf54 -bearing tumor cells ⁇ e.g., by binding to tumor cells expressing C16orf54 and allowing internalization of the cytotoxic drug).
  • the present disclosure provides methods of inhibiting the growth of cells having cell surface expression of C16orf54 comprising contacting the cells with an effective amount of an anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized antibody) as described herein.
  • the cell is a cancerous or pre-cancerous cell. Additional methods provided include using an anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized antibody) provided herein, for example, as an unconjugated antibody or conjugated antibody (ADC), with anti-tumor activity to mediate anti-tumor effects.
  • ADC unconjugated antibody or conjugated antibody
  • the anti-C16orf54 antibodies ⁇ e.g., humanized antibodies) provided herein directly kill C16orf54 -bearing tumor cells ⁇ e.g., via antibody- dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
  • antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) comprising anti- C16orf54 antibodies ⁇ e.g., humanized antibodies) as described herein directly kill C16orf54-bearing tumor cells ⁇ e.g., by binding to tumor cells expressing C16orf54 and allowing internalization of a cytotoxic drug).
  • the present disclosure provides herein are methods for detecting C16orf54 in a sample comprising contacting the sample with an anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized antibody) as described herein, such as an antibody that comprises a detectible agent.
  • an anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized antibody
  • the sample comprises a cell expressing C16orf54 on its surface.
  • the present disclosure also provides herein are methods of treating cancers comprising administering to a subject an anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized antibody) or an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising an anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., a humanized antibody) wherein the ADC is an ADC of the formula A- L-CTX, wherein A is the antibody (e.g., humanized antibody), L is a linker, and CTX is a cytotoxic agent, in a therapeutically effective amount, including in an amount effective to kill a C16orf54-expressing tumor cell.
  • the cancer is AML.
  • the present disclosure also provides methods of killing tumor cells comprising contacting a C16orf54-expressing tumor cell with an amount of an anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., a humanized antibody) or an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising an anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., a humanized antibody) wherein the ADC is an ADC of the formula A-L-CTX, wherein A is the antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized antibody), L is a linker, and CTX is a cytotoxic agent, effective to kill the tumor cell.
  • the tumor cell is a AML cell.
  • kits comprising an anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized antibody) that binds to a C16orf54 polypeptide, a
  • kits comprise an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) wherein the antibody is an anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized antibody).
  • ADC antibody-drug conjugate
  • Fig. 1 shows the protein expression levels of CD19, CD20, and C16orf54 as identified and quantified by sTAg analysis in CLL specimens and relevant normal controls. Lines indicate the mean of % normalized spectral abundance factor (NSAF) in positive samples. Expression of CD19, CD20 and C16orf54 protein in 33 CLL patient samples, 1 1 normal PBMC and 1 1 normal BMMC samples.
  • NSAF % normalized spectral abundance factor
  • Fig. 2 shows the results of competition ELISA to establish competitive binding bins for anti-huC16orf54 monoclonal antibodies.
  • A Heatmap of 132 lgG2a antibodies binned against 25 lgG1/2b antibodies.
  • B Clustergram of 132 lgG2a antibodies.
  • Fig. 3 shows relative binding properties of anti-huC16orf54 antibodies R29-7- 1 C, R29-67-1 B, R29-67-3C, R29-67-4A, R29-67-5A, R29-67-7A, R29-67-9A, and R29-7-2A derived using a competition ELISA.
  • Fig. 4 shows an EC50 ELISA for the anti-huC16orf54 monoclonal antibodies R29-7-2A, R29-7-1 C, R29-67-4A, and R29-67-7A.
  • An isotype control, R22-4-26 is also shown.
  • Fig. 5 shows the inhibition of in vivo tumor growth in an acute myeloid leukemia xenograft.
  • Acute myeloid leukemia cell line KG-1 was used as a
  • C16orf54 monoclonal antibodies 67-4A and 7-2A did not induce any statistically significant tumor growth inhibition.
  • HB121 was used as an IgG isotype negative control antibody.
  • Fig. 6A-6F shows a sequence alignment of the variable heavy chains and variable light chains of the anti-C16orf54 monoclonal antibodies designated R29-7- 2A, R29-7-1 C, R29-67-7A, R29-8-136C, R29-8-57B, R29-7-54C, R29-7-53A, R29-8- 50C, R29-8-19B, R29-8-58C, R29-8-9B, R29-8-28C, R29-8-120B, R29-8-75B, R29- 8-36C, R29-8-12A, R29-8-93B, R29-8-51 B, R29-8-30A, R29-8-18B, R29-7-38C, R29-7-49A, R29-7-13A and R29-67-4A.
  • Fig. 6A includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 818-833.
  • Fig. 6B-6C includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 834-846, 320, 847, 321 , 322, 848-854.
  • Fig. 6D includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 855-870.
  • Fig. 6E-6F includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 871 -881 , 323, 882, 324, 325, and 883.
  • Fig. 7 shows sequences of murine VH and VL regions of R29 antibodies.
  • 7 includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 322, 321 , 320, 315, 324, and 323.
  • Fig.8 shows sequences of VH and VL regions of human germline antibodies.
  • Fig. 8 includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS:326-333.
  • Fig. 9A-9C show humanized sequences for murine monoclonal antibody R29-
  • Fig. 9A includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 326, 329, 322, 326, 334 and 374.
  • Fig. 9B includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 327, 329, 322, 327, 426, and 444.
  • Fig. 9C includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 328, 329, 322, 328, 469, and 608.
  • Fig. 10A-10C show humanized sequences for murine monoclonal antibody R29-7-1 C (7-1 C) VH region.
  • Fig. 10A includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 326, 329, 321 , 326, 769, and 769.
  • Fig. 10B includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 327, 329, 321 , 327, 776, and 817.
  • Fig. 10C includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 328, 329, 321 , 328, 777, and 778.
  • Fig. 1 1A-1 1 C show humanized sequences for murine monoclonal antibody R29-8-57B (8-57B) VH region.
  • Fig. 1 1A includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 326, 329, 320, 326, 794, and 794.
  • Fig. 1 1 B includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 327, 329, 320, 327, 808, and 808.
  • Fig. 1 1 C includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 328, 329, 320, 328, 809, and 810.
  • Fig. 12A-12C show humanized sequences for murine monoclonal antibody
  • FIG. 12A includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 330, 333, 325, 330, and 737.
  • Fig. 12B includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 331 , 333, 325, 331 , and 756.
  • Fig. 12C includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 332, 333, 325, 332, and 776.
  • Fig. 13A-13C show humanized sequences for murine monoclonal antibody
  • FIG. 13A includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 330, 333, 324, 330, and 779.
  • Fig. 13B includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 331 , 333, 324, 331 , and 790.
  • Fig. 13C includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 332, 333, 324, 332, and 793.
  • Fig. 14A-14C show humanized sequences for murine monoclonal antibody
  • FIG. 14A includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 330, 333, 323, 330, and 81 1 .
  • Fig. 14B includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 331 , 333, 323, 331 , and 744.
  • Fig. 14C includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 332, 333, 323, 332, and 812.
  • Fig. 15A-15F show humanized huVH1 and huVK1 versions for R29
  • Fig. 15A includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 769, 884, 776, and 885.
  • Fig. 15B includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 779 and 886.
  • Fig. 15C includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 334, 374, 887, 888, and 426.
  • Fig. 15D includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 889, 890, 891 , 737, and 892.
  • Fig. 15E includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 794, and 893-896.
  • Fig. 15F includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 81 1 and 897.
  • Fig. 16 shows comparison of humanized R29 sequences for gene synthesis of version 1 .
  • Fig. 16 includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 769, 334, 794, 779, 737, and 81 1 .
  • Fig. 17 shows aligned sequences of VH and VL regions of murine R29 antibodies.
  • Fig. 17 includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 322, 321 , 320, 847, 325, 324, 323, and 323.
  • Fig.18A-18F show aligned sequences of VH and VL regions of humanized
  • Fig. 18B includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 334, 374, 887, 888, 898, 899, 769, 884, 900, 901 , 794, 893, 902, 903, 894, 895, 896, and 921 .
  • Fig. 18D includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 469, 904-908, 777, 909-91 1 , 809, 912-917, and 922.
  • Fig. 18E includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 737, 892, 779, 886, 81 1 , 897, and 923.
  • Fig. 18F includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 766, 918, 793, 919, 812, 920, and 924
  • Fig. 19A-19H show consensus VH and VL sequences of humanized R29 antibodies.
  • Fig. 19A includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 921 -924.
  • Fig. 19B includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 334, 374, 887, 888, 898, 899, and 769.
  • Fig. 19C includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 884, 900, 901 , 794, 893, 902, and 903.
  • Fig. 19D includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 894-896, 469, and 904-906.
  • Fig. 19A includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 921 -924.
  • Fig. 19B includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 334, 374, 887, 888, 898, 899, and
  • Fig. 19E includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 777, 909-91 1 , 809, 912, and 913.
  • Fig. 19F includes , in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 914-917.
  • Fig. 19G includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 737, 892, 779, 886, 81 1 , and 897.
  • Fig. 19H includes, in order from top to bottom, amino acid SEQ ID NOS: 776, 918, 793, 919, 812, and 920.
  • C16orf54 or “C16orf54 polypeptide” and similar terms refers to the polypeptide ("polypeptide,” and “protein” are used interchangeably herein) or any native Chromosome 16 Open Reading Frame 54 (C16orf54) from any vertebrate source, including mammals such as primates ⁇ e.g., humans, cynomolgus monkey (cyno)), dogs, and rodents (e.g., mice and rats), unless otherwise indicated, and, in certain embodiments, included related C16orf54 polypeptides, including SNP variants thereof.
  • the amino acid of human C16orf54 (“huC16orf54”) is provided below: MPLTPEPPSGRVEGPPAWEAAPWPSLPCGPCI P I M LVLATLAALF I LTTAVLA
  • huC16orf54 The encoding nucleic acid sequence of huC16orf54 is provided below:
  • a C16orf54 extracellular domain includes amino acids 1 -31 of SEQ ID NO:1 (underlined above).
  • Novel humanized antibodies of the present disclosures are directed to a C16orf54 extracellular domain such humanized antibodies are capable of binding to an extracellular domain peptide ⁇ e.g., amino acids 1 -31 of SEQ ID No:1 or subsequence thereof).
  • polypeptides include allelic variants (e.g., SNP variants); splice variants; fragments; derivatives; substitution, deletion, and insertion variants; fusion polypeptides; and interspecies homologs, preferably, which retain C16orf54 activity and/or are sufficient to generate an anti-C16orf54 immune response.
  • an anti-C16orf54 antibody provided herein can bind to a C16orf54 polypeptide, polypeptide fragment, antigen, and/or epitope, as an epitope is part of the larger antigen, which is part of the larger polypeptide fragment, which, in turn, is part of the larger polypeptide.
  • C16orf54 can exist in a native or denatured form.
  • the C16ORF54 polypeptides described herein may be isolated from a variety of sources, such as from human tissue types or from another source, or prepared by recombinant or synthetic methods.
  • a "native sequence C16ORF54 polypeptide” comprises a polypeptide having the same amino acid sequence as the corresponding C16ORF54 polypeptide derived from nature. Such native sequence C16ORF54 polypeptides can be isolated from nature or can be produced by recombinant or synthetic means.
  • polypeptide specifically encompasses naturally-occurring truncated or secreted forms of the specific C16ORF54 polypeptide (e.g., an extracellular domain sequence), naturally-occurring variant forms (e.g., alternatively spliced forms) and naturally-occurring allelic variants of the polypeptide. Orthologs to the C16orf54 polypeptide are also well known in the art.
  • C16orf54 encompasses "full-length,” unprocessed C16orf54 as well as any form of C16orf54 that results from processing in the cell.
  • the term also encompasses naturally occurring variants or mutations of C16orf54, e.g., splice variants, allelic variants, SNP variants and isoforms.
  • the C16orf54 polypeptides described herein may be isolated from a variety of sources, such as from human tissue types or from another source, or prepared by recombinant or synthetic methods.
  • a "native sequence C16orf54 polypeptide” comprises a polypeptide having the same amino acid sequence as the corresponding C16orf54 polypeptide derived from nature.
  • native sequence C16orf54 polypeptides can be isolated from nature or can be produced by recombinant or synthetic means.
  • the term "native sequence C16orf54 polypeptide” specifically encompasses naturally- occurring truncated or secreted forms of the specific C16orf54 polypeptide (e.g., an extracellular domain sequence), naturally-occurring variant forms ⁇ e.g., alternatively spliced forms) and naturally-occurring allelic variants of the polypeptide.
  • antibody and “immunoglobulin” or “Ig” are used interchangeably herein, and is used in the broadest sense and specifically covers, for example, single anti-C16orf54 monoclonal antibodies (including agonist, antagonist, neutralizing antibodies, full length or intact monoclonal antibodies), anti-C16orf54 antibody compositions with polyepitopic specificity, polyclonal antibodies, multivalent antibodies, multispecific antibodies ⁇ e.g., bispecific antibodies so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity), formed from at least two intact antibodies, single chain anti-C16orf54 antibodies, and fragments of anti-C16orf54 antibodies, as defined below.
  • An antibody can be human, humanized, chimeric and/or affinity matured as well as an antibody from other species, e.g., mouse, rabbit etc.
  • the term "antibody” is intended to include a polypeptide product of B cells within the
  • immunoglobulin class of polypeptides that is able to bind to a specific molecular antigen and is composed of two identical pairs of polypeptide chains, wherein each pair has one heavy chain (about 50-70 kDa) and one light chain (about 25 kDa) and each amino-terminal portion of each chain includes a variable region of about 100 to about 130 or more amino acids and each carboxy-terminal portion of each chain includes a constant region ⁇ See, Borrebaeck (ed.) (1995) Antibody Engineering, Second Ed., Oxford University Press.; Kuby (1997) Immunology, Third Ed., W.H.
  • the specific molecular antigen can be bound by an antibody provided herein includes the target C16orf54 polypeptide, fragment or epitope.
  • Antibodies also include, but are not limited to, synthetic antibodies,
  • monoclonal antibodies monoclonal antibodies, recombinantly produced antibodies, multispecific antibodies (including bi-specific antibodies), human antibodies, humanized antibodies, camelized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, intrabodies, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies, and functional fragments of any of the above, which refers a portion of an antibody heavy or light chain polypeptide that retains some or all of the binding activity of the antibody from which the fragment was derived.
  • Non-limiting examples of functional ⁇ e.g., C16orf54 binding) fragments include single-chain Fvs (scFv) ⁇ e.g., including monospecific, bispecific, etc.), Fab fragments, F(ab') fragments, F(ab) 2 fragments, F(ab')2 fragments, disulfide-linked Fvs (sdFv), Fd fragments, Fv fragments, diabody, triabody, tetrabody and minibody.
  • scFv single-chain Fvs
  • antibodies provided herein include immunoglobulin molecules and immunologically active portions of immunoglobulin molecules, e.g., antigen binding domains or molecules that contain an antigen-binding site that binds to a C16orf54 antigen ⁇ e.g., one or more complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of an anti-C16orf54 antibody).
  • CDRs complementarity determining regions
  • Such antibody fragments can be found described in, for example, Harlow and Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York (1989); Myers (ed.), Molec. Biology and Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Desk Reference. New York: VCH Publisher, Inc.; Huston et al., Cell Biophysics, 22:189-224 (1993); Pluckthun and Skerra, Meth. Enzymol., 178:497-515 (1989) and in Day, E.D.,
  • the antibodies provided herein can be of any type ⁇ e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA and IgY), any class ⁇ e.g., lgG1 , lgG2, lgG3, lgG4, lgA1 and lgA2), or any subclass ⁇ e.g., lgG2a and lgG2b) of immunoglobulin molecule.
  • An anti-C16orf54 antibodies provided herein can be agonistic antibodies or antagonistic antibodies.
  • an “antigen” is a predetermined antigen to which an antibody can selectively bind.
  • the target antigen may be a polypeptide, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, lipid, hapten or other naturally occurring or synthetic compound.
  • the target antigen is a polypeptide.
  • antigen binding fragment refers to that portion of an antibody which
  • CDRs complementarity determining regions
  • binding refers to an interaction between molecules to form a complex. Interactions can be, for example, non-covalent interactions including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and/or van der Waals interactions. A complex can also include the binding of two or more molecules held together by covalent or non-covalent bonds, interactions or forces.
  • the strength of the total non-covalent interactions between a single antigen-binding site on an antibody and a single epitope of a target molecule, such as C16orf54, is the affinity of the antibody or functional fragment for that epitope.
  • association constant K which is a measure of affinity.
  • the value of K varies for different complexes of antibody and antigen and depends on both / ? and k ⁇ .
  • the association constant K for an antibody provided herein can be determined using any method provided herein or any other method well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the affinity at one binding site does not always reflect the true strength of the interaction between an antibody and an antigen.
  • the strength of such multiple interactions between a multivalent antibody and antigen is called the avidity.
  • the avidity of an antibody can be a better measure of its binding capacity than is the affinity of its individual binding sites. For example, high avidity can compensate for low affinity as is sometimes found for pentameric IgM antibodies, which can have a lower affinity than IgG, but the high avidity of IgM, resulting from its multivalence, enables it to bind antigen effectively.
  • antibodies that specifically bind to C16orf54 refer to antibodies that specifically bind to a C16orf54 polypeptide, such as a C16orf54 antigen or epitope.
  • An antibody that specifically binds to C16orf54 may bind to the extracellular domain or peptide derived from the extracellular domain of C16orf54.
  • An antibody that specifically binds to a C16orf54 antigen may be cross-reactive with related antigens.
  • an antibody that specifically binds to a C16orf54 antigen does not cross-react with other antigens.
  • An antibody that specifically binds to a C16orf54 antigen can be identified, for example, by immunoassays, BIAcore, or other techniques known to those of skill in the art.
  • An antibody binds specifically to a C16orf54 antigen when it binds to a C16orf54 antigen with higher affinity than to any cross-reactive antigen as determined using experimental techniques, such as radioimmunoassays (RIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).
  • RIA radioimmunoassays
  • ELISAs enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
  • a specific or selective reaction will be at least twice background signal or noise and more typically more than 10 times background. See, e.g., Paul, ed., 1989, Fundamental Immunology Second Edition, Raven Press, New York at pages
  • An antibody "which binds" an antigen of interest is one that binds the antigen with sufficient affinity such that the antibody is useful as a therapeutic agent in targeting a cell or tissue expressing the antigen, and does not significantly cross-react with other proteins.
  • the extent of binding of the antibody to a "non-target" protein will be less than about 10% of the binding of the antibody to its particular target protein as determined by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis or
  • RIA radioimmunoprecipitation
  • binding or “specifically binds to” or is "specific for" a particular polypeptide or an epitope on a particular polypeptide target as used herein can be exhibited, for example, by a molecule having a Kd for the target of at least about 10 "4 M, alternatively at least about 10 "5 M, alternatively at least about 10 "6 M, alternatively at least about 10 "7 M, alternatively at least about 10 "8 M, alternatively at least about 10 "9 M, alternatively at least about 10 "10 M, alternatively at least about 10 "11 M, alternatively at least about 10 "12 M, or greater.
  • the term "specific binding” refers to binding where a molecule binds to a particular polypeptide or epitope on a particular polypeptide without substantially binding to any other polypeptide or polypeptide epitope.
  • an antibody that binds to C16orf54 has a dissociation constant (Kd) of ⁇ 1 ⁇ , ⁇ 100 nM, ⁇ 10 nM, ⁇ 1 nM, or ⁇ 0.1 nM.
  • Kd dissociation constant
  • anti- C16orf54 antibody binds to an epitope of C16orf54 that is conserved among C16orf54 from different species.
  • anti-C16orf54 antibody or “an antibody that binds to C16orf54” refers to an antibody that is capable of binding C16orf54 with sufficient affinity such that the antibody is useful as a diagnostic and/or therapeutic agent in targeting C16orf54.
  • the extent of binding of an anti-C16orf54 antibody to an unrelated, non-C16orf54 protein is less than about 10% of the binding of the antibody to C16orf54 as measured, e.g., by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis or a radioimmunoassay (RIA).
  • FACS fluorescence activated cell sorting
  • RIA radioimmunoassay
  • an antibody that binds to C16orf54 has a dissociation constant (Kd) of ⁇ 1 ⁇ , ⁇ 100 nM, ⁇ 10 nM, ⁇ 1 nM, or ⁇ 0.1 nM.
  • Kd dissociation constant
  • anti-C16orf54 antibody binds to an epitope of C16orf54 that is conserved among C16orf54 from different species.
  • an “isolated” antibody is substantially free of cellular material or other contaminating proteins from the cell or tissue source and/or other contaminant components from which the antibody is derived, or substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals when chemically synthesized.
  • substantially free of cellular material includes preparations of an antibody in which the antibody is separated from cellular components of the cells from which it is isolated or recombinantly produced.
  • an antibody that is substantially free of cellular material includes preparations of antibody having less than about 30%, 20%, 10%, or 5% (by dry weight) of heterologous protein (also referred to herein as a "contaminating protein").
  • heterologous protein also referred to herein as a "contaminating protein”.
  • the antibody when the antibody is produced by chemical synthesis, it is substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals, e.g., it is separated from chemical precursors or other chemicals which are involved in the synthesis of the protein. Accordingly such preparations of the antibody have less than about 30%, 20%, 10%, 5% (by dry weight) of chemical precursors or
  • the antibody will be purified (1 ) to greater than 95% by weight of antibody as determined by the Lowry method (Lowry et al. J. Bio. Chem. 193: 265-275, 1951 ), such as 99% by weight, (2) to a degree sufficient to obtain at least 15 residues of N-terminal or internal amino acid sequence by use of a spinning cup sequenator, or (3) to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE under reducing or nonreducing conditions using Coonnassie blue or, preferably, silver stain.
  • Isolated antibody includes the antibody in situ within recombinant cells since at least one component of the antibody's natural environment will not be present. Ordinarily, however, isolated antibody will be prepared by at least one purification step. In a specific embodiment, antibodies provided herein are isolated
  • the basic 4-chain antibody unit is a heterotetrameric glycoprotein composed of two identical light (L) chains and two identical heavy (H) chains.
  • the 4-chain unit is generally about 150,000 daltons.
  • Each L chain is linked to a H chain by one covalent disulfide bond, while the two H chains are linked to each other by one or more disulfide bonds depending on the H chain isotype.
  • Each H and L chain also has regularly spaced intrachain disulfide bridges.
  • Each H chain has at the N-terminus, a variable domain (V H ) followed by three constant domains (CH) for each of the a and ⁇ chains and four CH domains for ⁇ and ⁇ isotypes.
  • Each L chain has at the N-terminus, a variable domain (V L ) followed by a constant domain (CL) at its other end.
  • V L is aligned with the V H and the C L is aligned with the first constant domain of the heavy chain (CH1 ).
  • CH1 constant domain of the heavy chain
  • Particular amino acid residues are believed to form an interface between the light chain and heavy chain variable domains.
  • the pairing of a V H and V L together forms a single antigen-binding site.
  • variable domain refers to a portion of the light or heavy chains of an antibody that is generally located at the amino-terminal of the light or heavy chain and has a length of about 120 to 130 amino acids in the heavy chain and about 100 to 1 10 amino acids in the light chain, and are used in the binding and specificity of each particular antibody for its particular antigen.
  • the variable domain of the heavy chain may be referred to as "VH.”
  • the variable domain of the light chain may be referred to as "VL.”
  • variable refers to the fact that certain segments of the variable domains differ extensively in sequence among antibodies. The V domain mediates antigen binding and defines specificity of a particular antibody for its particular antigen.
  • variable domains consist of relatively invariant stretches called framework regions (FRs) of 15- 30 amino acids separated by shorter regions of extreme variability called "hypervariable regions” that are each 9-12 amino acids long.
  • FRs framework regions
  • hypervariable regions regions of extreme variability
  • variable domains in each chain are held together in close proximity by the FRs and, with the hypervariable regions from the other chain, contribute to the formation of the antigen-binding site of antibodies (see Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 1991 )).
  • the constant domains are not involved directly in binding an antibody to an antigen, but exhibit various effector functions, such as participation of the antibody in antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
  • the variable domains differ extensively in sequence between different antibodies. The variability in sequence is concentrated in the CDRs while the less variable portions in the variable domain are referred to as framework regions (FR).
  • the CDRs of the light and heavy chains are primarily responsible for the interaction of the antibody with antigen.
  • the variable region is a human variable region.
  • variable domain residue numbering as in Kabat or "amino acid position numbering as in Kabat”, and variations thereof, refers to the numbering system used for heavy chain variable domains or light chain variable domains of the compilation of antibodies in Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. (1991 ). Using this numbering system, the actual linear amino acid sequence may contain fewer or additional amino acids corresponding to a shortening of, or insertion into, a FR or CDR of the variable domain.
  • a heavy chain variable domain may include a single amino acid insert (residue 52a according to Kabat) after residue 52 of H2 and inserted residues (e.g. residues 82a, 82b, and 82c, etc, according to Kabat) after heavy chain FR residue 82.
  • the Kabat numbering of residues may be determined for a given antibody by alignment at regions of homology of the sequence of the antibody with a "standard" Kabat numbered sequence.
  • the Kabat numbering system is generally used when referring to a residue in the variable domain (approximately residues 1 -107 of the light chain and residues 1 -1 13 of the heavy chain) (e.g, Kabat et al., Sequences of Immunological Interest. 5th Ed.
  • EU numbering system or "EU index” is generally used when referring to a residue in an immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region ⁇ e.g., the EU index reported in Kabat et al., supra).
  • EU index as in Kabat refers to the residue numbering of the human IgG 1 EU antibody.
  • references to residue numbers in the variable domain of antibodies means residue numbering by the Kabat numbering system.
  • references to residue numbers in the constant domain of antibodies means residue numbering by the EU numbering system.
  • an “intact” antibody is one comprising an antigen-binding site as well as a CL and at least heavy chain constant domains, C H 1 , C H 2 and C H 3.
  • the constant domains may be native sequence constant domains ⁇ e.g., human native sequence constant domains) or amino acid sequence variant thereof.
  • the intact antibody has one or more effector functions.
  • Antibody fragments comprise a portion of an intact antibody, preferably the antigen binding or variable region of the intact antibody.
  • antibody fragments include, without limitation, Fab, Fab', F(ab')2, and Fv fragments; diabodies and di-diabodies (see, e.g., Holliger, P. et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90:6444- 8; Lu, D. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:19665-72; Hudson et al., Nat. Med. 9:129- 134 (2003); WO 93/1 1 161 ; and U.S. Patent Nos. 5,837,242 and 6,492,123); single- chain antibody molecules (see, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 4,946,778; 5,260,203;
  • a "functional fragment" of an antibody including a therapeutic antibody, will exhibit at least one if not some or all of the biological functions attributed to the intact antibody, the function comprising at least binding to the target antigen ⁇ e.g., a functional fragment of an anti-C16orf54 antibody, including a humanized
  • anti-C16orf54 antibody binds to C16orf54, including, for example, an extracellular domain of C16orf54 ⁇ e.g., SEQ ID No:1 , including, for example, amino acids 1 -31 of SEQ ID No:1 ).
  • fusion protein refers to a polypeptide that comprises an amino acid sequence of an antibody and an amino acid sequence of a heterologous polypeptide or protein (e.g., a polypeptide or protein not normally a part of the antibody ⁇ e.g., a non-anti-C16orf54 antigen antibody)).
  • fusion when used in relation to C16orf54 or to an anti-C16orf54 antibody refers to the joining of a peptide or polypeptide, or fragment, variant and/or derivative thereof, with a heterologous peptide or polypeptide.
  • the fusion protein retains the biological activity of the C16orf54 or anti-C16orf54 antibody.
  • the fusion protein comprises a C16orf54 antibody VH domain, VL domain, VH CDR (one, two or three VH CDRs), and/or VL CDR (one, two or three VL CDRs), wherein the fusion protein binds to a C16orf54 epitope.
  • heavy chain when used in reference to an antibody refers to a polypeptide chain of about 50-70 kDa, wherein the amino-terminal portion includes a variable region of about 120 to 130 or more amino acids and a carboxy-terminal portion that includes a constant region.
  • the constant region can be one of five distinct types, referred to as alpha (a), delta ( ⁇ ), epsilon ( ⁇ ), gamma ( ⁇ ) and mu ( ⁇ ), based on the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain constant region.
  • the distinct heavy chains differ in size: ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ contain approximately 450 amino acids, while ⁇ and ⁇ contain approximately 550 amino acids. When combined with a light chain, these distinct types of heavy chains give rise to five well known classes of
  • a heavy chain can be a human heavy chain.
  • host refers to an animal, such as a mammal ⁇ e.g., a human).
  • host cell refers to the particular subject cell transfected with a nucleic acid molecule and the progeny or potential progeny of such a cell. Progeny of such a cell may not be identical to the parent cell transfected with the nucleic acid molecule due to mutations or environmental influences that may occur in succeeding generations or integration of the nucleic acid molecule into the host cell genome.
  • a “monoclonal antibody” refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, e.g., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally occurring mutations that may be present in minor amounts, and each monoclonal antibody will typically recognize a single epitope on the antigen.
  • a “monoclonal antibody,” as used herein is an antibody produced by a single hybridoma or other cell, wherein the antibody binds to only a C16orf54 epitope as determined, e.g., by ELISA or other antigen-binding or competitive binding assay known in the art.
  • the term “monoclonal” is not limited to any particular method for making the antibody.
  • the monoclonal antibodies useful in the present present disclosure may be prepared by the hybridoma methodology first described by Kohler et al., Nature, 256:495 (1975), or may be made using
  • the "monoclonal antibodies” may also be isolated from phage antibody libraries using the techniques described in Clackson et al., Nature, 352:624-628 (1991 ) and Marks et ai, J. Mol. Biol., 222:581 -597 (1991 ), for example.
  • nucleic acid molecules when used in connection with biological materials such as nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides, host cells, and the like, refers to those which are found in nature and not manipulated by a human being.
  • the antibodies provided herein can include “chimeric” antibodies in which a portion of the heavy and/or light chain is identical with or homologous to
  • “Humanized” forms of nonhuman ⁇ e.g., murine) antibodies are chimeric antibodies that include human immunoglobulins (recipient antibody) in which the native CDR residues are replaced by residues from the corresponding CDR of a nonhuman species (donor antibody) such as mouse, rat, rabbit or nonhuman primate having the desired specificity, affinity, and capacity. In some instances, one or more FR region residues of the human immunoglobulin are replaced by corresponding nonhuman residues. Furthermore, humanized antibodies can comprise residues that are not found in the recipient antibody or in the donor antibody. These modifications are made to further refine antibody performance.
  • a humanized antibody heavy or light chain can comprise substantially all of at least one or more variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the CDRs correspond to those of a nonhuman immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the FRs are those of a human immunoglobulin sequence.
  • the humanized antibody will comprise at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc), typically that of a human immunoglobulin.
  • Fc immunoglobulin constant region
  • a "human antibody” is one which possesses an amino acid sequence which corresponds to that of an antibody produced by a human and/or has been made using any of the techniques for making human antibodies as disclosed herein. This definition of a human antibody specifically excludes a humanized antibody
  • Human antibodies can be produced using various techniques known in the art, including phage-display libraries (Hoogenboom and Winter, J. Mol. Biol., 227:381 (1991 ); Marks et ai, J. Mol. Biol., 222:581 (1991 ) and yeast display libraries (Chao et al., Nature Protocols 1 : 755-768 (2006)). Also available for the preparation of human monoclonal antibodies are methods described in Cole et ai, Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, p. 77 (1985); Boerner et ai, J. Immunol., 147(1 ):86-95 (1991 ). See also van Dijk and van de Winkel, Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 5: 368-74 (2001 ). Human
  • antibodies can be prepared by administering the antigen to a transgenic animal that has been modified to produce such antibodies in response to antigenic challenge, but whose endogenous loci have been disabled, e.g., mice (see, e.g., Jakobovits, A., Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 1995, 6(5):561 -6; Bruggemann and Taussing, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 1997, 8(4):455-8; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,075,181 and 6,150,584 regarding XENOMOUSETM technology). See also, for example, Li et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103:3557-3562 (2006) regarding human antibodies generated via a human B- cell hybridoma technology.
  • a “CDR” or “complementary determining region” refers to one of three hypervariable regions (H1 , H2 or H3) within the non-framework region of the immunoglobulin (Ig or antibody) VH ⁇ -sheet framework (e.g., VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3), or one of three hypervariable regions (L1 , L2 or L3) within the non- framework region of the antibody VL ⁇ -sheet framework [e.g., VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, VL CDR3).
  • CDRs are variable region sequences interspersed within the framework region sequences (see, e.g., Tables 1 -35 for exemplary CDRs of anti- C16orf54 antibodies, including humanized antibodies).
  • CDR regions are well known to those skilled in the art and have been defined by, for example, Kabat as the regions of most hypervariability within the antibody variable (V) domains (Kabat et al., J. Biol. Chem. 252:6609-6616 (1977); Kabat, Adv. Prot. Chem. 32:1 -75 (1978)).
  • CDR region sequences also have been defined structurally by Chothia as those residues that are not part of the conserved ⁇ -sheet framework, and thus are able to adapt different conformations (Chothia and Lesk, J. Mol. Biol. 196:901 -917 (1987)). Both terminologies are well recognized in the art.
  • the positions of CDRs within a canonical antibody variable domain have been determined by comparison of numerous structures (Al-Lazikani et al., J. Mol. Biol. 273:927-948 (1997); Morea et al., Methods 20:267-279 (2000)).
  • hypervariable region when used herein refers to the regions of an antibody variable domain that are hypervariable in sequence and/or form structurally defined loops.
  • antibodies comprise six hypervariable regions; three in the VH (H1 , H2, H3), and three in the VL (L1 , L2, L3).
  • a number of hypervariable region delineations are in use and are encompassed herein.
  • the Kabat Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs) are based on sequence variability and are the most commonly used (Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. (1991 )).
  • Chothia refers instead to the location of the structural loops (Chothia and Lesk, J. Mol. Biol. 196:901 -917 (1987)).
  • the end of the Chothia CDR- H1 loop when numbered using the Kabat numbering convention varies between H32 and H34 depending on the length of the loop (this is because the Kabat numbering scheme places the insertions at H35A and H35B; if neither 35A nor 35B is present, the loop ends at 32; if only 35A is present, the loop ends at 33; if both 35A and 35B are present, the loop ends at 34).
  • the AbM hypervariable regions represent a compromise between the Kabat CDRs and Chothia structural loops, and are used by Oxford Molecular's AbM antibody modeling software.
  • the "contact" hypervariable regions are based on an analysis of the available complex crystal structures. The residues from each of these hypervariable regions are noted below.
  • IMGT ImMunoGeneTics
  • IG immunoglobulins
  • TR T cell receptors
  • the CDRs are referred to in terms of both the amino acid sequence and the location within the light or heavy chain.
  • location of the CDRs within the structure of the immunoglobulin variable domain is conserved between species and present in structures called loops, by using numbering systems that align variable domain sequences according to structural features, CDR and framework residues and are readily identified. This information can be used in grafting and replacement of CDR residues from immunoglobulins of one species into an acceptor framework from, typically, a human antibody.
  • Correspondence between the Kabat numbering and the IMGT unique numbering system is also well known to one skilled in the art (e.g. Lefranc et al., supra).
  • Hypervariable regions may comprise "extended hypervariable regions” as follows: 24-36 or 24-34 (L1 ), 46-56 or 50-56 (L2) and 89-97 or 89-96 (L3) in the VL and 26-35 or 26-35A (H1 ), 50-65 or 49-65 (H2) and 93-102, 94-102, or 95-102 (H3) in the VH.
  • the variable domain residues are numbered according to Kabat et ai, supra, for each of these definitions.
  • HVR and “CDR” are used interchangeably.
  • constant region or “constant domain” refers to a carboxy terminal portion of the light and heavy chain which is not directly involved in binding of the antibody to antigen but exhibits various effector function, such as interaction with the Fc receptor.
  • the terms refer to the portion of an immunoglobulin molecule having a more conserved amino acid sequence relative to the other portion of the
  • variable domain which contains the antigen binding site.
  • the constant domain contains the CH 1 , CH2 and CH3 domains of the heavy chain and the CL domain of the light chain.
  • Exemplary human heavy chain constant region sequences including an exemplary CH1 , CH2 and CH3 sequence, are provided below:
  • Such human heavy chain and light chain constant regions may be used in chimeric and humanized heavy chain and light chain constructs.
  • mouse variable region sequences may be placed in frame with a human lgG1 (pFUSE-CHIg-hG1 , InvivoGen, San Diego, CA) or a human kappa (pFUSE2-CLIg- hk, InvivoGen, San Diego, CA constant region.
  • Exemplary chimeric construct comprises murine VH sequence ⁇ e.g., Table 30) and human heavy chain constant region ⁇ e.g., SEQ ID:813).
  • Exemplary chimeric construct comprises murine VL sequence (e.g., Table 30) and human light chain constant region ⁇ e.g., SEQ ID: 814).
  • Exemplary chimeric construct comprises humanized VH sequence ⁇ e.g., Table 32) and human heavy chain constant region ⁇ e.g., SEQ ID:813).
  • Exemplary chimeric construct comprises humanized VL sequence ⁇ e.g., Table 32) and human light chain constant region ⁇ e.g., SEQ ID: 814).
  • FR residues are those variable domain residues flanking the CDRs ⁇ e.g., for the heavy chain variable region (VH) VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, VH FR4) and for the light chain variable regions (VL) VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3 and VL FR4).
  • FR residues are present, e.g., in chimeric, humanized, human, domain antibodies, diabodies, linear antibodies, and bispecific antibodies.
  • FR residues are those variable domain residues other than the hypervariable region residues herein defined (see, e.g., Tables 33-35 for exemplary CDRs of anti- C16orf54 antibodies, including humanized antibodies).
  • variable domain residue numbering as in Kabat or "amino acid position numbering as in Kabat”, and variations thereof, refers to the numbering system used for heavy chain variable domains or light chain variable domains of the compilation of antibodies in Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. (1991 ). Using this numbering system, the actual linear amino acid sequence may contain fewer or additional amino acids corresponding to a shortening of, or insertion into, a FR or CDR of the variable domain.
  • a heavy chain variable domain may include a single amino acid insert (residue 52a according to Kabat) after residue 52 of H2 and inserted residues ⁇ e.g., residues 82a, 82b, and 82c, etc.
  • Kabat after heavy chain FR residue 82.
  • the Kabat numbering of residues may be determined for a given antibody by alignment at regions of homology of the sequence of the antibody with a "standard" Kabat numbered sequence.
  • the Kabat numbering system is generally used when referring to a residue in the variable domain (approximately residues 1 -107 of the light chain and residues 1 - 1 13 of the heavy chain) ⁇ e.g., Kabat et al., Sequences of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991 )).
  • the "EU numbering system” or "EU index” is generally used when referring to a residue in an immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region ⁇ e.g., the EU index reported in Kabat et ai, supra).
  • the "EU index as in Kabat” refers to the residue numbering of the human lgG1 EU antibody.
  • affinity matured antibody is one with one or more alterations in one or more HVRs thereof which result in an improvement in the affinity of the antibody for antigen, compared to a parent antibody which does not possess those alteration(s).
  • Preferred affinity matured antibodies will have nanomolar or even picomolar affinities for the target antigen.
  • Affinity matured antibodies are produced by procedures known in the art. For review, see Hudson and Souriau, Nature Medicine 9 :129-134 (2003); Hoogenboom, Nature Biotechnol. 23 : 1 105-1 1 16 (2005); Quiroz and
  • blocking antibody or an “antagonist” antibody is one which inhibits or reduces biological activity of the antigen it binds.
  • Preferred blocking antibodies or antagonist antibodies substantially or completely inhibit the biological activity of the antigen.
  • an "agonist antibody”, as used herein, is an antibody that triggers a response, e.g., one that mimics at least one of the functional activities of a polypeptide of interest.
  • An "agonist" of C16orf54 refers to a molecule that is capable of activating or otherwise increasing one or more of the biological activities of C16orf54, such as in a cell expressing C16orf54 or in a cell expressing a C16orf54 ligand, such as a
  • an agonist of C16orf54 may, for example, act by activating or otherwise increasing the activation and/or cell signaling pathways of the cell expressing a C16orf54 or a C16orf54 receptor, thereby increasing a C16orf54-mediated biological activity of the cell the relative to the C16orf54-mediated biological activity in the absence of agonist.
  • the antibodies provided herein are agonistic anti- C16orf54 antibodies.
  • an "antagonist” or “inhibitor” of C16orf54 refers to a molecule that is capable of inhibiting or otherwise decreasing one or more of the biological activities of C16orf54, such as in a cell expressing C16orf54 or in a cell expressing a C16orf54 ligand, such as a C16orf54 receptor.
  • an antagonist of C16orf54 may, for example, act by inhibiting or otherwise decreasing the activation and/or cell signaling pathways of the cell expressing a C16orf54 or a C16orf54 receptor, thereby inhibiting a C16orf54- mediated biological activity of the cell the relative to the C16orf54-mediated biological activity in the absence of antagonist.
  • the antibodies provided herein are antagonistic anti-C16orf54 antibodies.
  • Binding affinity generally refers to the strength of the sum total of
  • binding affinity refers to intrinsic binding affinity which reflects a 1 :1 interaction between members of a binding pair ⁇ e.g., antibody and antigen).
  • the affinity of a molecule X for its partner Y can generally be represented by the dissociation constant (Kd). Affinity can be measured by common methods known in the art, including those described herein. Low-affinity antibodies generally bind antigen slowly and tend to dissociate readily, whereas high-affinity antibodies generally bind antigen faster and tend to remain bound longer. A variety of methods of measuring binding affinity are known in the art, any of which can be used for purposes of the present present disclosure. Specific illustrative embodiments are described in the following.
  • the "Kd" or "Kd value” according to this present disclosure is measured by a radiolabeled antigen binding assay (RIA) performed with the Fab version of an antibody of interest and its antigen as described by the following assay that measures solution binding affinity of Fabs for antigen by equilibrating Fab with a minimal concentration of ( 125 l)-labeled antigen in the presence of a titration series of unlabeled antigen, then capturing bound antigen with an anti-Fab antibody-coated plate (Chen, et al., (1999) J. Mol Biol 293:865-881 ).
  • RIA radiolabeled antigen binding assay
  • the Kd or Kd value is measured by using surface plasmon resonance assays using, for example, a BIAcoreTM-2000 or a BIAcoreTM- 3000 (BIAcore, Inc., Piscataway, NJ), or by biolayer interferometry using, for example, the OctetQK384 sytem (ForteBio, Menlo Park, CA).
  • an “on-rate” or “rate of association” or “association rate” or “k on” can also be determined with the same surface plasmon resonance or biolayer interferometry techniques described above using, for example, a BIAcore -2000 or a BIAcore -3000 (BIAcore, Inc., Piscataway, NJ), or the OctetQK384 sytem (ForteBio, Menlo Park, CA).
  • the difference between the two values is preferably less than about 50%, preferably less than about 40%, preferably less than about 30%, preferably less than about 20%, preferably less than about 10% as a function of the value for the reference antibody.
  • the difference between said two values is preferably greater than about 10%, preferably greater than about 20%, preferably greater than about 30%, preferably greater than about 40%, preferably greater than about 50% as a function of the value for the reference antibody.
  • polypeptide or a "growth inhibitory” antibody is one that results in measurable growth inhibition of cells expressing or overexpressing the appropriate C16orf54 polypeptide.
  • the cells are tumor cells or cancer cells as emplified herein, but other types of cells are contemplated.
  • polypeptide may be a transmembrane polypeptide expressed on the surface of a cancer cell or may be a polypeptide that is produced and secreted by a cancer cell.
  • Preferred growth inhibitory anti-C16orf54 antibodies inhibit growth of C16orf54- expressing tumor cells by greater than 20%, preferably from about 20% to about 50%, and even more preferably, by greater than 50% ⁇ e.g., from about 50% to about 100%) as compared to the appropriate control, the control typically being tumor cells not treated with the antibody being tested.
  • growth inhibition can be measured at an antibody concentration of about 0.1 to 30 ⁇ g/ml or about 0.5 nM to 200 nM in cell culture, where the growth inhibition is determined 1 -10 days after exposure of the tumor cells to the antibody.
  • the antibody is growth inhibitory in vivo if administration of the anti-C16orf54 antibody at about 1 ⁇ g/kg to about 100 mg/kg body weight results in reduction in tumor size or tumor cell proliferation within about 5 days to 3 months from the first administration of the antibody, preferably within about 5 to 30 days.
  • An antibody that "induces apoptosis” is one that induces programmed cell death as determined by binding of annexin V, fragmentation of DNA, cell shrinkage, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum, cell fragmentation, and/or formation of membrane vesicles (called apoptotic bodies).
  • the cell is usually one that overexpresses a C16orf54 polypeptide.
  • the cell is a tumor cell.
  • phosphatidyl serine (PS) translocation can be measured by annexin binding; DNA fragmentation can be evaluated through DNA laddering; and nuclear/chromatin condensation along with DNA fragmentation can be evaluated by any increase in hypodiploid cells.
  • PS phosphatidyl serine
  • the antibody which induces apoptosis is one which results in about 2 to 50 fold, preferably about 5 to 50 fold, and most preferably about 10 to 50 fold, induction of annexin binding relative to untreated cell in an annexin binding assay.
  • An antibody that "induces cell death” is one that causes a viable cell to become nonviable.
  • the cell is of a cell type that specifically expresses or
  • the cell may be cancerous or a normal cell of the particular cell type.
  • the C16orf54 polypeptide may be a transmembrane polypeptide expressed on the surface of a cancer cell or may be a polypeptide that is produced and secreted by a cancer cell.
  • Cell death in vitro may be determined in the absence of complement and immune effector cells to distinguish cell death induced by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) or complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
  • ADCC antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
  • CDC complement dependent cytotoxicity
  • the assay for cell death may be performed using heat inactivated serum ⁇ e.g., in the absence of complement) and in the absence of immune effector cells.
  • cell death-inducing antibodies are those which induce PI uptake in the PI uptake assay in C16orf54 expressing cells.
  • Antibody effector functions refer to those biological activities attributable to the Fc region (a native sequence Fc region or amino acid sequence variant Fc region) of an antibody, and vary with the antibody isotype. Examples of antibody effector functions include: C1 q binding and complement dependent cytotoxicity; Fc receptor binding; antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC);
  • phagocytosis down regulation of cell surface receptors (e.g., B cell receptor); and B cell activation.
  • B cell receptors e.g., B cell receptor
  • Fc region herein is used to define a C-terminal region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain, including native sequence Fc regions and variant Fc regions.
  • the human IgG heavy chain Fc region is usually defined to stretch from an amino acid residue at position Cys226, or from Pro230, to the carboxyl-terminus thereof.
  • the C-terminal lysine (residue 447 according to the EU numbering system) of the Fc region may be removed, for example, during production or purification of the antibody, or by recombinantly engineering the nucleic acid encoding a heavy chain of the antibody. Accordingly, a composition of intact antibodies may comprise antibody populations with all K447 residues removed, antibody populations with no K447 residues removed, and antibody populations having a mixture of antibodies with and without the K447 residue.
  • a “functional Fc region” possesses an “effector function” of a native sequence Fc region.
  • effector functions include C1 q binding; CDC; Fc receptor binding; ADCC; phagocytosis; down regulation of cell surface receptors ⁇ e.g., B cell receptor; BCR), etc.
  • Such effector functions generally require the Fc region to be combined with a binding domain ⁇ e.g., an antibody variable domain) and can be assessed using various assays as disclosed, for example, in definitions herein.
  • a “native sequence Fc region” comprises an amino acid sequence identical to the amino acid sequence of an Fc region found in nature.
  • Native sequence human Fc regions include a native sequence human lgG1 Fc region (non-A and A
  • variant Fc region comprises an amino acid sequence which differs from that of a native sequence Fc region by virtue of at least one amino acid modification, preferably one or more amino acid substitution(s).
  • the variant Fc region has at least one amino acid substitution compared to a native sequence Fc region or to the Fc region of a parent polypeptide, e.g., from about one to about ten amino acid substitutions, and preferably from about one to about five amino acid substitutions in a native sequence Fc region or in the Fc region of the parent polypeptide.
  • the variant Fc region herein will preferably possess at least about 80% homology with a native sequence Fc region and/or with an Fc region of a parent polypeptide, and most preferably at least about 90% homology therewith, more preferably at least about 95% homology therewith.
  • variant when used in relation to C16orf54 or to an anti-C16orf54 antibody refers to a peptide or polypeptide comprising one or more (such as, for example, about 1 to about 25, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 15, about 1 to about 10, or about 1 to about 5) amino acid sequence substitutions, deletions, and/or additions as compared to a native or unmodified sequence.
  • a C16orf54 variant may result from one or more (such as, for example, about 1 to about 25, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 15, about 1 to about 10, or about 1 to about 5) changes to an amino acid sequence of native C16orf54.
  • a variant of an anti-C16orf54 antibody may result from one or more (such as, for example, about 1 to about 25, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 15, about 1 to about 10, or about 1 to about 5) changes to an amino acid sequence of a native or previously unmodified anti-C16orf54 antibody.
  • Variants may be naturally occurring, such as allelic or splice variants, or may be artificially constructed.
  • Polypeptide variants may be prepared from the corresponding nucleic acid
  • the C16orf54 variant or anti-C16orf54 antibody variant at least retains C16orf54 or anti-C16orf54 antibody functional activity, respectively.
  • an anti-C16orf54 antibody variant binds C16orf54 and/or is antagonistic to C16orf54 activity.
  • an anti-C16orf54 antibody variant binds C16orf54 and/or is agonistic to C16orf54 activity.
  • the variant is encoded by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant of a nucleic acid molecule that encodes C16orf54 or anti-C16orf54 antibody VH or VL regions or subregions.
  • SNP single nucleotide polymorphism
  • vector refers to a substance that is used to introduce a nucleic acid molecule into a host cell. Vectors applicable for use include, for example,
  • expression vectors plasmids, phage vectors, viral vectors, episomes and artificial chromosomes, which can include selection sequences or markers operable for stable integration into a host cell's chromosome.
  • the vectors can include one or more selectable marker genes and appropriate expression control sequences. Selectable marker genes that can be included, for example, provide resistance to antibiotics or toxins, complement auxotrophic deficiencies, or supply critical nutrients not in the culture media.
  • Expression control sequences can include constitutive and inducible promoters, transcription enhancers, transcription terminators, and the like which are well known in the art. When two or more nucleic acid molecules are to be co-expressed (e.g.
  • both nucleic acid molecules can be inserted, for example, into a single expression vector or in separate expression vectors.
  • the encoding nucleic acids can be operationally linked to one common expression control sequence or linked to different expression control sequences, such as one inducible promoter and one constitutive promoter.
  • the introduction of nucleic acid molecules into a host cell can be confirmed using methods well known in the art. Such methods include, for example, nucleic acid analysis such as Northern blots or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of mRNA, or immunoblotting for expression of gene products, or other suitable analytical methods to test the expression of an introduced nucleic acid sequence or its corresponding gene product.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • nucleic acid molecule is expressed in a sufficient amount to produce the desired product (e.g. an anti- C16orf54 antibody provided herein), and it is further understood that expression levels can be optimized to obtain sufficient expression using methods well known in the art.
  • ADCC antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
  • FcRs Fc receptors
  • cytotoxic cells e.g., Natural Killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, and macrophages
  • NK cells Natural Killer cells
  • the antibodies “arm” the cytotoxic cells and are absolutely required for such killing.
  • ADCC activity of a molecule of interest is summarized in Table 3 on page 464 of Ravetch and Kinet, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9:457-92 (1991 ).
  • an in vitro ADCC assay such as that described in US Patent No. 5,500,362 or 5,821 ,337 may be performed.
  • Useful effector cells for such assays include peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Natural Killer (NK) cells.
  • PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells
  • NK Natural Killer
  • ADCC activity of the molecule of interest may be assessed in vivo, e.g., in a animal model such as that disclosed in Clynes et al. (USA) 95:652-656 (1998).
  • Fc receptor or “FcR” describes a receptor that binds to the Fc region of an antibody.
  • the preferred FcR is a native sequence human FcR.
  • a preferred FcR is one that binds an IgG antibody (a gamma receptor) and includes receptors of the FcyRI, FcyRII and FcyRIII subclasses, including allelic variants and alternatively spliced forms of these receptors.
  • FcyRII receptors include FcyRIIA (an “activating receptor”) and FcyRIIB (an “inhibiting receptor”), which have similar amino acid sequences that differ ⁇ grimarily in the cytoplasmic domains thereof (see review M. in Daeron, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15:203-234 (1997)).
  • FcRs are reviewed in Ravetch and Kinet, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9:457-492 (1991 ); Capel et al.,
  • FcR FcR
  • FcRn neonatal receptor
  • “Complement dependent cytotoxicity” or “CDC” refers to the lysis of a target cell in the presence of complement. Activation of the classical complement pathway is initiated by the binding of the first component of the complement system (C1 q) to antibodies (of the appropriate subclass) which are bound to their cognate antigen.
  • C1 q the first component of the complement system
  • a CDC assay e.g., as described in Gazzano-
  • the C16orf54 polypeptide "extracellular domain” or “ECD” refers to a form of the C16orf54 polypeptide that is essentially free of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, including, for example amino acids 1 -31 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a sequence thereof. Ordinarily, a C16orf54 polypeptide ECD will have less than 1 % of such transmembrane and/or cytoplasmic domains and preferably, will have less than 0.5% of such domains.
  • the transmembrane domain of C16orf54 comprises amino acid residues from about 32 to about 53. The exact boundaries of a transmembrane domain may vary but most likely by no more than about 5 amino acids at either end of the domain as initially identified.
  • an extracellular domain of a C16orf54 polypeptide may comprise amino acids from about 1 to 27-37 of the sequence of C16orf54 as shown in SEQ ID NO:1 , including, for example amino acids from about 1 to about 31 of SEQ ID NO: 1 .
  • Percent (%) amino acid sequence identity with respect to a reference polypeptide sequence is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical with the amino acid residues in the reference polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that are within the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN or Megalign (DNASTAR) software. Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parameters for aligning sequences, including any algorithms needed to achieve maximal alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared.
  • a “modification" of an amino acid residue/position refers to a change of a primary amino acid sequence as compared to a starting amino acid sequence, wherein the change results from a sequence alteration involving said amino acid residue/positions.
  • typical modifications include substitution of the residue with another amino acid ⁇ e.g., a conservative or non-conservative substitution), insertion of one or more (generally fewer than 5 or 3) amino acids adjacent to said residue/position, and deletion of said residue/position.
  • An “epitope” is the site on the surface of an antigen molecule to which a single antibody molecule binds, such as a localized region on the surface of an antigen, such as C16orf54 polypeptide or C16orf54 polypeptide fragment, that is capable of being bound to one or more antigen binding regions of an antibody, and that has antigenic or immunogenic activity in an animal, such as a mammal ⁇ e.g., a human), that is capable of eliciting an immune response.
  • An epitope having immunogenic activity is a portion of a polypeptide that elicits an antibody response in an animal.
  • An epitope having antigenic activity is a portion of a polypeptide to which an antibody binds as determined by any method well known in the art, for example, by an immunoassay.
  • Antigenic epitopes need not necessarily be immunogenic.
  • Epitopes usually consist of chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids or sugar side chains and have specific three dimensional structural
  • the term specifically includes linear epitopes and conformational epitopes.
  • a region of a polypeptide contributing to an epitope may be contiguous amino acids of the polypeptide or the epitope may come together from two or more non-contiguous regions of the polypeptide.
  • the epitope may or may not be a three-dimensional surface feature of the antigen.
  • a C16orf54 epitope is a three-dimensional surface feature of a C16orf54 polypeptide.
  • a C16orf54 epitope is linear feature of a C16orf54 polypeptide.
  • an antigen has several or many different epitopes and reacts with many different antibodies.
  • An antibody binds "essentially the same epitope" as a reference antibody, when the two antibodies recognize identical, overlapping epitopes or adjacent epitopes in a three-dimensional space.
  • the most widely used and rapid methods for determining whether two antibodies bind to identical, overlapping epitopes or adjacent epitopes in a three-dimensional space are competition assays, which can be configured in a number of different formats, using either labeled antigen or labeled antibody.
  • the antigen is immobilized on a 96-well plate, or
  • Epitope mapping is the process of identifying the binding sites, or epitopes, of antibodies on their target antigens.
  • Antibody epitopes may be linear epitopes or conformational epitopes.
  • Linear epitopes are formed by a continuous sequence of amino acids in a protein.
  • Conformational epitopes are formed of amino acids that are discontinuous in the protein sequence, but which are brought together upon folding of the protein into its three-dimensional structure.
  • Induced epitopes are formed when the three dimensional structure of the protein is in an altered confirmation, such as following activation or binding of another protein or ligand.
  • Epitope binning is the process of grouping antibodies based on the epitopes they recognize. More particularly, epitope binning comprises methods and systems for discriminating the epitope recognition properties of different antibodies, using competition assays combined with computational processes for clustering antibodies based on their epitope recognition properties and identifying antibodies having distinct binding specificities, (see, e.g., Liao-Chan, S. et al.
  • a “C16orf54-expressing cell,” "a cell having expression of C16orf54” or a grammatical equivalent thereof refers to a cell that expresses endogenous or transfected C16orf54 on the cell surface.
  • a cell expressing C16orf54 produces sufficient levels of C16orf54 on its surface, such that an anti-C16orf54 antibody can bind thereto. In some aspect, such binding may have a therapeutic effect with respect to the cancer.
  • a cell that "overexpresses" C16orf54 is one that has significantly higher levels of C16orf54 at the cell surface thereof, compared to a cell of the same tissue type that is known to express C16orf54. Such overexpression may be caused by gene amplification or by increased transcription or translation.
  • C16orf54 overexpression may be determined in a diagnostic or prognostic assay by evaluating increased levels of the C16orf54 protein present on the surface of a cell (e.g. via an immunohistochemistry assay; FACS analysis). Alternatively, or additionally, one may measure levels of C16orf54-encoding nucleic acid or mRNA in the cell, e.g. via fluorescent in situ hybridization; (FISH; see W098/45479 published October, 1998), Southern blotting, Northern blotting, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, such as real time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). Aside from the above assays, various in vivo assays are available to the skilled practitioner.
  • FISH fluorescent in situ hybridization
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • a C16orf54- expressing tumor cell includes, but is not limited to, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) tumor cells.
  • AML acute myeloid leukemia
  • C16orf54-mediated disease and “C16orf54-mediated disorder” are used interchangeably and refer to any disease that is completely or partially caused by or is the result of C16orf54.
  • C16orf54 is aberrantly ⁇ e.g., highly) expressed on the surface of a cell.
  • C16orf54 may be aberrantly upregulated on a particular cell type.
  • normal, aberrant or excessive cell signaling is caused by binding of C16orf54 to a C16orf54 ligand, which can bind or otherwise interact with C16orf54.
  • a “disorder” is any condition or disease that would benefit from treatment with an substance/molecule or method of the present disclosure. This includes chronic and acute disorders including those pathological conditions that predispose the mammal to the disorder in question.
  • disorders to be treated herein include cancerous conditions such as a leukemia (including, but not limited to CLL, ALL, AML, and CML), multiple myeloma, and certain solid tumors such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer, or a metastasis of any of these cancers.
  • cell proliferative disorder and “proliferative disorder” refer to disorders that are associated with some degree of abnormal cell proliferation.
  • the cell proliferative disorder is cancer.
  • Tuor refers to all neoplastic cell growth and proliferation, whether malignant or benign, and all pre-cancerous and cancerous cells and tissues.
  • cancer refers to all neoplastic cell growth and proliferation, whether malignant or benign, and all pre-cancerous and cancerous cells and tissues.
  • cancer cancer
  • cancer cancer
  • cancer cancer
  • cancer cancer
  • cancer cancer
  • cancer examples include, but are not limited to, carcinoma, lymphoma, blastoma, sarcoma, and leukemia or lymphoid malignancies. More particular examples of such cancers include squamous cell cancer ⁇ e.g., epithelial squamous cell cancer), lung cancer including small-cell lung cancer, non- small cell lung cancer, adenocarcinoma of the lung and squamous carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular cancer, gastric or stomach cancer including gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, oral cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, cancer of the urinary tract, hepatoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial or uterine carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, kidney or renal cancer, prostate cancer, vulval cancer, thyroid cancer, hepatic carcinoma, anal carcinoma, penile carcinoma, melanoma, multiple myelom
  • a cancer may be a hematopoietic cancer, referring to cancers of the bone marrow and blood, and including both leukemia and myeloma.
  • myeloma also “multiple myeloma” or “plasma cell myeloma” refers to or describes a cancer of the plasma cells.
  • leukemia refers to or describes any one of various acute or chronic neoplastic diseases of the blood-forming tissues characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow.
  • Leukemias are typically classified as either chronic (slowly progressing, and deriving from mature cells) or acute (rapidly progressing, and deriving from immature blasts). Leukemias are further classified based upon the type of white blood cell that is affected, either lymphoid cells
  • leukemia examples include but are not limited to acute leukemias, chronic leukemias, lymphoblastic leukemias, lymphocytic leukemias, myeloid leukemias, myelogenous leukemias, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), Hairy cell leukemia (HCL), T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL), B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL), Large granular lymphocytic leukemia, MLL-positive leukemias and MLL-induced lukemias.
  • ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  • CLL Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • AML Acute myelogenous leukemia
  • CML Chronic myelogenous leukemia
  • HCL Hairy cell leukemia
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a chronic leukemia of the
  • the staging of CLL is based upon the Rai or Binet systems.
  • the Rai system divides CLL into 5 stages:
  • Stage 0 is considered low risk
  • stages I and II considered intermediate risk
  • stages III and IV are considered high risk.
  • CLL is classified by the number of affected lymphoid tissue groups (neck lymph nodes, groin lymph nodes, underarm lymph nodes, spleen, and liver) and by whether or not the patient has anemia (too few red blood cells) or thrombocytopenia (too few blood platelets).
  • Binet stage A Fewer than 3 areas of lymphoid tissue are enlarged, with no anemia or thrombocytopenia.
  • Binet stage B 3 or more areas of lymphoid tissue are enlarged, with no
  • Binet stage C Anemia and/or thrombocytopenia are present.
  • CLL Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • AML Acute myeloid leukemia
  • WHO World Health Organization
  • AML with multilineage dysplasia abnormalities in how the blood cells look
  • AML related to therapy that is damaging to cells (also called therapy-related myeloid neoplasm)
  • M5a Monocytic without differentiation (monoblastic)
  • AML acute myeloid leukemia
  • a “C16orf54-expressing cell” is a cell that expresses endogenous or transfected C16orf54 on the cell surface.
  • a “C16orf54-expressing cancer” is a cancer comprising cells that have C16orf54 protein present on the cell surface.
  • a “C16orf54-expressing cancer” produces sufficient levels of C16orf54 on the surface of cells thereof, such that an anti-C16orf54 antibody can bind thereto and have a therapeutic effect with respect to the cancer.
  • C16orf54 is one that has significantly higher levels of C16orf54 at the cell surface thereof, compared to a noncancerous cell of the same tissue type.
  • C16orf54 overexpression may be caused by gene amplification or by increased transcription or translation or increased stability of the protein.
  • C16orf54 overexpression may be determined in a diagnostic or prognostic assay by evaluating increased levels of the C16orf54 protein present on the surface of a cell ⁇ e.g., via an immunohistochemistry assay; FACS analysis). Alternatively, or additionally, one may measure levels of C16orf54-encoding nucleic acid or mRNA in the cell, e.g., via fluorescent in situ hybridization; (FISH; see WO98/45479 published October, 1998), Southern blotting, Northern blotting, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, such as real time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR).
  • FISH fluorescent in situ hybridization
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • a C16orf54-expressing cancer includes, but is not limited to, a leukemia, multiple myeloma, solid tumors such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer, and metastases of any of these cancers.
  • treat refers to the reduction or amelioration of the progression, severity, and/or duration of a C16orf54- mediated disease resulting from the administration of one or more therapies
  • Treatment also refers to clinical intervention in an attempt to alter the natural course of the individual or cell being treated, and can be performed either for prophylaxis or during the course of clinical pathology. Desirable effects of treatment include preventing occurrence or recurrence of disease, alleviation of symptoms,
  • antibodies of the present disclosure are used to delay development of a disease or disorder or to slow the progression of a disease or disorder.
  • such terms refer to the reduction or inhibition of cancer or tumor formation.
  • such term refers to the reduction or amelioration of the progression, severity and/or duration of graft-versus-host disease.
  • such terms refer to the reduction or amelioration of the progression, severity, and/or duration of a disease that is responsive to immune modulation, such modulation resulting from increasing T cell activation, increasing T cell proliferation or increasing cytokine production.
  • efficacy can be measured, for example, by assessing the time to disease progression (TTP) and/or by determining the response rate (RR).
  • Other endpoints for measuring efficacy include, for example, overall survival (OS), disease- free survival (DFS) and recurrence-free (or relapse-free) survival (RFS).
  • OS overall survival
  • DFS disease- free survival
  • RFS recurrence-free survival
  • Metastasis can be determined by staging tests and by bone scan and tests for calcium level and other enzymes to determine spread to the bone.
  • CT scans can also be done to look for spread to the pelvis and lymph nodes in the area.
  • Chest X-rays and measurement of liver enzyme levels by known methods are used to look for metastasis to the lungs and liver, respectively.
  • Other routine methods for monitoring the disease include transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and transrectal needle biopsy (TRNB).
  • an “individual” is a vertebrate.
  • the vertebrate is a mammal.
  • Mammals include, but are not limited to, farm animals (such as cows), sport animals, pets (such as cats, dogs, and horses), primates, mice and rats.
  • a mammal is a human.
  • an “effective amount” is an amount sufficient to effect beneficial or desired results or to carry out a specifically state purpose, such as an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired therapeutic or prophylactic result.
  • An “effective amount” may be determined empirically and in a routine manner, in relation to the stated purpose.
  • An effective amount can be administered in one or more administrations, applications or dosages. Such delivery is dependent on a number of variables including the time period for which the individual dosage unit is to be used, the bioavailability of the agent, the route of administration, etc.
  • effective amount also refers to the amount of an antibody provided herein to achieve a specified result ⁇ e.g., inhibition of a C16orf54 biological activity of a cell, such as modulating T cell activation and/or proliferation). In some embodiments, this term refers to the amount of a therapy
  • an antibody or pharmaceutical composition provided herein which is sufficient to reduce and/or ameliorate the severity and/or duration of a given disease and/or a symptom related thereto.
  • This term also encompasses an amount necessary for the reduction or amelioration of the advancement or progression of a given disease, reduction or amelioration of the recurrence, development or onset of a given disease, and/or to improve or enhance the prophylactic or therapeutic effect(s) of another therapy ⁇ e.g., a therapy other than anti-C16orf54 antibody provided herein).
  • the effective amount of an antibody such as an anti-C16orf54 antibody, including a humanized anti-C16orf54 and/or antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) comprising such an antibody is from about 0.1 mg/kg (mg of antibody per kg weight of the subject) to about 100 mg/kg.
  • an effective amount of an antibody provided therein is about 0.1 mg/kg, about 0.5 mg/kg, about 1 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, about 10 mg/kg, about 15 mg/kg, about 20 mg/kg, about 25 mg/kg, about 30 mg/kg, about 35 mg/kg, about 40 mg/kg, about 45 mg/kg, about 50 mg/kg, about 60 mg/kg, about 70 mg/kg, about 80 mg/kg about 90 mg/kg or about 100 mg/kg (or a range therein).
  • therapeutically effective amount refers to the amount of a therapeutic agent ⁇ e.g., an antibody provided herein or any other therapeutic agent provided herein) that is sufficient to reduce and/or ameliorate the severity and/or duration of a given disease and/or a symptom related thereto.
  • a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic agent can be an amount necessary for the reduction or amelioration of the advancement or progression of a given disease, reduction or amelioration of the recurrence, development or onset of a given disease, and/or to improve or enhance the prophylactic or therapeutic effect of another therapy ⁇ e.g., a therapy other than the administration of an antibody provided herein).
  • a “therapeutically effective amount” of a substance/molecule of the present disclosure may vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the individual, and the ability of the substance/molecule, to elicit a desired response in the individual.
  • a therapeutically effective amount encompasses an amount in which any toxic or detrimental effects of the substance/molecule are outweighed by the therapeutically beneficial effects.
  • the term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of an antibody or other drug effective to "treat" a disease or disorder in a subject or mammal.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of the drug may reduce the number of cancer cells; reduce the tumor size; inhibit ⁇ e.g., slow to some extent and preferably stop) cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; inhibit ⁇ e.g., slow to some extent and preferably stop) tumor metastasis; inhibit, to some extent, tumor growth; and/or relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer. See the definition herein of "treating".
  • the drug may prevent growth and/or kill existing cancer cells, it may be cytostatic and/or cytotoxic.
  • a “prophylactically effective amount” refers to an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desired prophylactic result.
  • the prophylactically effective amount would be less than the therapeutically effective amount.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of the drug may, for example, reduce the number of cancer cells; reduce the tumor size; inhibit ⁇ e.g., slow to some extent and preferably stop) cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; inhibit ⁇ e.g., slow to some extent and preferably stop) tumor metastasis; inhibit, to some extent, tumor growth; and/or relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer. See preceding definition of "treating”.
  • the drug may prevent growth and/or kill existing cancer cells, it may be cytostatic and/or cytotoxic.
  • Chronic administration refers to administration of the agent(s) in a continuous mode as opposed to an acute mode, so as to maintain the initial therapeutic effect (activity) for an extended period of time. "Intermittent"
  • administration is treatment that is not consecutively done without interruption, but rather is cyclic in nature.
  • Administration "in combination with” one or more further therapeutic agents includes simultaneous (concurrent) and consecutive administration in any order.
  • the term "in combination” in the context of the administration of other therapies refers to the use of more than one therapy.
  • the use of the term “in combination” does not restrict the order in which therapies are administered to a subject with an infection.
  • a first therapy can be administered before ⁇ e.g., 1 minute, 45 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, or 12 weeks), concurrently, or after ⁇ e.g., 1 minute, 45 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, or 12 weeks) the administration of a second therapy to a subject which had, has, or is susceptible to a C16orf54-mediated disease.
  • any additional therapy can be administered in any order with the other additional therapies.
  • the antibodies can be administered in combination with one or more therapies ⁇ e.g., therapies that are not the antibodies that are currently administered to prevent, treat, manage, and/or ameliorate a C16orf54-mediated disease.
  • therapies that can be administered in combination with an antibody include analgesic agents, anesthetic agents, antibiotics, or
  • Carriers as used herein include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers that are nontoxic to the cell or mammal being exposed thereto at the dosages and concentrations employed. Often the physiologically acceptable carrier is an aqueous pH buffered solution.
  • physiologically acceptable carriers include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid; low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptide; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine; monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugar alcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions such as sodium; and/or nonionic surfactants such as TWEENTM, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and PLURONICSTM.
  • buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids
  • antioxidants including ascorbic acid
  • proteins such as serum albumin,
  • carrier can also refer to a diluent, adjuvant ⁇ e.g., Freund's adjuvant (complete and incomplete)), excipient, or vehicle with which the therapeutic is administered.
  • adjuvant e.g., Freund's adjuvant (complete and incomplete)
  • excipient or vehicle with which the therapeutic is administered.
  • Such pharmaceutical carriers can be sterile liquids, such as water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like. Water is a exemplary carrier when the pharmaceutical composition is administered
  • Saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions can also be employed as liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions.
  • suitable pharmaceutical excipients include starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene, glycol, water, ethanol and the like.
  • the composition if desired, can also contain minor amounts of wetting or emulsifying agents, or pH buffering agents. These compositions can take the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsion, tablets, pills, capsules, powders, sustained-release formulations and the like.
  • Oral formulation can include standard carriers such as pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, cellulose, magnesium carbonate, etc. Examples of suitable
  • compositions will contain a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of the antibody, e.g., in isolated or purified form, together with a suitable amount of carrier so as to provide the form for proper administration to the patient.
  • the formulation should suit the mode of administration.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable means being approved by a regulatory agency of the Federal or a state government, or listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia, European Pharmacopeia or other generally recognized Pharmacopeia for use in animals, and more particularly in humans.
  • pharmaceutical formulation refers to a preparation which is in such form as to permit the biological activity of the active ingredient to be effective, and which contains no additional components which are unacceptably toxic to a subject to which the formulation would be administered.
  • Such formulation may be sterile.
  • a "sterile" formulation is aseptic of free from all living microorganisms and their spores.
  • Polyclonal antibodies refers to an antibody population generated in an immunogenic response to a protein having many epitopes and thus includes a variety of different antibodies directed to the same and to different epitopes within the protein. Methods for producing polyclonal antibodies are known in the art (See, e.g., see, for example, Chapter 1 1 in: Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, (2002) 5th Ed., Ausubel et al., eds., John Wiley and Sons, New York).
  • an “immunoconjugate” as used herein refers to an antibody that is conjugated to one or more cytotoxic agents ⁇ e.g., a chemotherapeutic agent, a drug, a growth inhibitory agent, a toxin, or a radioisotype) or diagnostic agents (e.g., a radioisotope, a metal chelator, an enzyme, a fluorescent compound, a bioluminescent compound, or a chemiluminescent compound).
  • cytotoxic agents e.g., a chemotherapeutic agent, a drug, a growth inhibitory agent, a toxin, or a radioisotype
  • diagnostic agents e.g., a radioisotope, a metal chelator, an enzyme, a fluorescent compound, a bioluminescent compound, or a chemiluminescent compound.
  • the antibody is covalently bound by a synthetic linker to the one or more cytotoxic or diagnostic agents.
  • Immunoconjugates comprising antibodies conjugated to cytotoxic agents are also referred to herein as "antibody drug conjugates," or “ADCs".
  • An “antibody-drug conjugate” or “ADC” is an antibody that is conjugated to one or more cytotoxic agents, for example, through one or more linkers.
  • An ADC may be of the formula A- L-CTX, wherein A is an antibody, L is a linker, and CTX is a cytotoxic agent.
  • cytotoxic agent refers to a substance that inhibits or prevents the function of cells and/or has a cytotoxic effect on cells ⁇ e.g., causes destruction of cells).
  • the term is also intended to include alkylating agents, an anthracyclines, a cytoskeletal disruptors (taxanes), an epothilones, an histone deacetylase Inhibitor (HDAC), an inhibitor of Topoisomerase I, an Inhibitor of Topoisomerase II, a kinase inhibitor, a monoclonal antibodies, a nucleotide analog, a peptide antibiotic, a platinum-based agent, a retinoids, a Vinca alkaloid or a derivative thereof, and radioisotope.
  • alkylating agents an anthracyclines, a cytoskeletal disruptors (taxanes), an epothilones, an histone deacetylase Inhibitor (HDAC), an inhibitor of Topoi
  • the term is also intended to include Actinomycin, all-trans retinoic acid, Azacitidine, Azathioprine, Bleomycin, Bortezomib, Carboplatin, Capecitabine, Cisplatin, Chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, Docetaxel, Doxifluridine, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin,
  • Oxaliplatin Paclitaxel, Pemetrexed, Teniposide, Tioguanine, Topotecan, Valrubicin, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, and Vinorelbine.
  • the term is also intended to include a tubulin stabilizer, a tubulin destabilizer, a DNA alkylator, a DNA minor groove binder, a DNA intercalator, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, a gyrase inhibitor, a protein synthesis inhibitor, a proteosome inhibitor, and an anti-metabolite.
  • the term is also intended to include Actinomycin D, Amonafide, an auristatin, benzophenone, benzothiazole, a calicheamicin, Camptothecin, CC- 1065 (NSC 298223), Cemadotin, Colchicine, Combretastatin A4, Dolastatin,
  • Preferred cytotoxins include an auristatin, a calicheamicin, a
  • cytotoxins include
  • cytotoxic agents including various antitumor or anticancer agents are known in the art.
  • the term is also intended to include radioactive isotopes ⁇ e.g., At 211 , I 131 , I 125 , Y 90 , Re 186 , Re 188 , Sm 153 , Bi 212 , P 32 and radioactive isotopes of Lu), chemotherapeutic agents e.g., methotrexate, adriamicin, vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, etoposide), doxorubicin, melphalan, mitomycin C, chlorambucil, daunorubicin or other intercalating agents, enzymes and fragments thereof such as nucleolytic enzymes, antibiotics, and toxins such as small molecule toxins or enzymatically active toxins of bacterial, fungal, plant or animal origin, including fragments and/or variants thereof, and the various antitumor or anticancer agents disclosed
  • chemotherapeutic agent is a chemical agent ⁇ e.g., compound or drug) useful in the treatment of cancer, regardless of mechanism of action.
  • Chemotherapeutic agents include compounds used in targeted therapy and conventional chemotherapy.
  • Examples of chemotherapeutic agents include, but are not limited to, alkylating agents such as thiotepa and CYTOXAN®
  • alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan
  • aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa
  • ethylenimines and methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine, trietylenephosphoramide, triethiylenethiophosphoramide and trimethylolomelamine; acetogenins (especially bullatacin and bullatacinone); delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol, MARINOL®); beta-lapachone; lapachol; colchicines; betulinic acid; a camptothecin (including the synthetic analogue topotecan (HYCAMTIN®), CPT-1 1 (irinotecan, CAMPTOSAR®), acetylcamptothecin, scopolectin, and 9- aminocamptothecin); bryostatin; callystatin; CC-1065 (including its adozelesin, carzelesin and bizelesin synthetic analogues); podophyllotoxin; podophyllinic acid; teniposide; cryptophyc
  • eleutherobin pancratistatin; a sarcodictyin; spongistatin; nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, chlornaphazine, cholophosphamide, estramustine, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan, novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, trofosfamide, uracil mustard; nitrosureas such as carmustine, chlorozotocin, fotemustine, lomustine, nimustine, and ranimnustine; antibiotics such as the enediyne antibiotics ⁇ e.g., calicheamicin, especially
  • calicheamicin gammal I and calicheamicin omegaH see, e.g., Agnew, Chem Intl. Ed. Engl., 33: 183-186 (1994)); dynemicin, including dynemicin A; an esperamicin; as well as neocarzinostatin chromophore and related chromoprotein enediyne antiobiotic chromophores), aclacinomysins, actinomycin, authramycin, azaserine, bleomycins, cactinomycin, carabicin, caminomycin, carzinophilin, chromomycinis, dactinomycin, daunorubicin, detorubicin, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine,
  • ADRIAMYCIN® doxorubicin (including morpholino-doxorubicin, cyanomorpholino- doxorubicin, 2-pyrrolino-doxorubicin and deoxydoxorubicin), epirubicin, esorubicin, idarubicin, marcellomycin, mitomycins such as mitomycin C, mycophenolic acid, nogalamycin, olivomycins, peplomycin, potfiromycin, puromycin, quelamycin, rodorubicin, streptonig n, streptozocin, tubercidin, ubenimex, zinostatin, zorubicin; anti-metabolites such as methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); folic acid analogues such as denopterin, methotrexate, pteropterin, trimetrexate; purine analogs such as fludarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, thiamiprine, thioguanine
  • dromostanolone propionate epitiostanol, mepitiostane, testolactone
  • anti-adrenals such as aminoglutethimide, mitotane, trilostane
  • folic acid replenisher such as frolinic acid; aceglatone; aldophosphamide glycoside; aminolevulinic acid; eniluracil;
  • amsacrine bestrabucil
  • bisantrene edatraxate
  • defofamine demecolcine
  • diaziquone diaziquone; elfornithine; elliptinium acetate; an epothilone; etoglucid; gallium nitrate; hydroxyurea; lentinan; lonidainine; maytansinoids such as maytansine and ansamitocins; mitoguazone; mitoxantrone; mopidanmol; nitraerine; pentostatin; phenamet; pirarubicin; losoxantrone; 2-ethylhydrazide; procarbazine; PSK® polysaccharide complex (JHS Natural Products, Eugene, Oreg.); razoxane; rhizoxin; sizofuran; spirogermanium; tenuazonic acid; triaziquone; 2, 2', 2"- trichlorotriethylamine; trichothecenes (especially T-2 toxin, verracurin A,
  • TAXOL® paclitaxel Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology, Princeton, N.J.
  • ABRAXANETM Cremophor-free albumin-engineered nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel
  • TAXOTERE® doxetaxel Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Antony, France
  • chloranbucil e.g., TAXOL® paclitaxel (Bristol-Myers Squibb Oncology, Princeton, N.J.), ABRAXANETM Cremophor-free, albumin-engineered nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel (American Pharmaceutical Partners, Schaumberg, III.), and TAXOTERE® doxetaxel (Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Antony, France); chloranbucil;
  • gemcitabine (GEMZAR®); 6-thioguanine; mercaptopurine; methotrexate; platinum analogs such as cisplatin and carboplatin; vinblastine (VELBAN®); platinum;
  • etoposide VP-16
  • ifosfamide mitoxantrone
  • vincristine ONCOVIN®
  • oxaliplatin leucovovin
  • vinorelbine NAVELBINE®
  • novantrone edatrexate
  • daunomycin etoposide
  • Additional chemotherapeutic agents include cytotoxic agents useful as antibody drug conjugates, such as maytansinoids (DM1 and DM4, for example) and auristatins (MMAE and MMAF, for example).
  • chemotherapeutic agent include: (i) anti- hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on tumors such as anti-estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including, for example, tamoxifen (including NOLVADEX®; tamoxifen citrate), raloxifene, droloxifene, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY 1 17018, onapristone, and FARESTON® (toremifine citrate); (ii) aromatase inhibitors that inhibit the enzyme aromatase, which regulates estrogen production in the adrenal glands, such as, for example, 4(5)-imidazoles, aminoglutethimide, MEGASE® (megestrol acetate), AROMASIN® (exemestane; Pfizer), formestanie, fadrozole, Rl VISor® (vorozole), FEMARA® (letrozole),
  • SERMs
  • “Chemotherapeutic agents” may also include agents used in the treatment of leukemias, including alkylating agents such as chlorambucil, bendamustine hydrochloride or cyclophosphamide (CYTOXAN®); purine analogs such as fludurabine (FLUDARA®), pentostatin (NIPENT®), cladribine or nelarabine;
  • pyrimidine analogs such as cytarabine
  • corticosteroids such as prednisone, prednisolone or methylprednisolone
  • immunomodulatory agents such as
  • lenalidomide or thalidomide synthetic fl arms such as flavopiridol, Bcl2 antagonists such as oblimersen or ABT-263, antibiotics such as doxorubicin (ADRIAMYCIN®), daunorubicin, idarubicin, or mitoxentrone; anti-metabolites such as methotrexate and clofarabine; tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib mesylate (GLEEVEC®), bosutinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib; a hypomethylating agents such as azacytidine or decitabine, an FLT3 inhibitor such as midostaurin, sorafenib, or AC220; arsenic trioxide; all-trans retinoic acid; vincristine sulfate; and monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab (RITUXAN®), ofatumum
  • Chemotherapeutic agents may also include agents used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, including thalidomide, lenalidomide, bortezomib, dexamethesone, prednisone, and melphalan, as well as combinations of two or more of the above, such as thalidomide or lenalidomide plus dexamethasone, or bortezomib or lenalidomide plus melphalan and prednisone.
  • agents used in the treatment of multiple myeloma including thalidomide, lenalidomide, bortezomib, dexamethesone, prednisone, and melphalan, as well as combinations of two or more of the above, such as thalidomide or lenalidomide plus dexamethasone, or bortezomib or lenalidomide plus melphalan and prednisone.
  • chemotherapeutic agent include: (i) anti- hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on tumors such as anti-estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including, for example, tamoxifen (including NOLVADEX®; tamoxifen citrate), raloxifene, droloxifene, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY1 17018, onapristone, and FARESTON® (toremifine citrate); (ii) aromatase inhibitors that inhibit the enzyme aromatase, which regulates estrogen production in the adrenal glands, such as, for example, 4(5)-imidazoles, aminoglutethimide, MEGASE® (megestrol acetate), AROMASIN® (exemestane; Pfizer), formestanie, fadrozole, RIVISOR® (vorozole), FEMARA® (letrozole;
  • SERMs selective
  • prodrug refers to a precursor or derivative form of a compound of the present disclosure that may be less cytotoxic to cells compared to the parent compound or drug and is capable of being
  • prodrugs A Chemical Approach to Targeted Drug Delivery
  • the prodrugs of this present disclosure include, but are not limited to, phosphate-containing prodrugs, thiophosphate-containing prodrugs, sulfate-containing prodrugs, peptide-containing prodrugs, D-amino acid-modified prodrugs, glycosylated prodrugs, ⁇ -lactam- containing prodrugs, optionally substituted phenoxyacetamide-containing prodrugs, optionally substituted phenylacetamide-containing prodrugs, 5-fluorocytosine and other 5-fluorouridine prodrugs which can be converted into the more active cytotoxic free drug.
  • cytotoxic drugs that can be derivatized into a prodrug form for use in this present disclosure include, but are not limited to, compounds of the present disclosure and chemotherapeutic agents such as described above.
  • a "small molecule” is defined herein to have a molecular weight below about 500 Daltons.
  • an “isolated nucleic acid” is a nucleic acid, e.g., an RNA, DNA, or a mixed polymer, which is substantially separated from other genome DNA sequences as well as proteins or complexes such as ribosomes and polymerases, which naturally accompany a native sequence.
  • An “isolated” nucleic acid molecule is one which is separated from other nucleic acid molecules which are present in the natural source of the nucleic acid molecule.
  • an “isolated” nucleic acid molecule, such as a cDNA molecule can be substantially free of other cellular material, or culture medium when produced by recombinant techniques, or substantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals when chemically synthesized. In a specific
  • a nucleic acid molecule(s) encoding an antibody provided herein is isolated or purified.
  • the term embraces a nucleic acid sequence that has been removed from its naturally occurring environment, and includes recombinant or cloned DNA isolates and chemically synthesized analogues or analogues biologically synthesized by heterologous systems.
  • a substantially pure molecule includes isolated forms of the molecule.
  • Polynucleotide or “nucleic acid,” as used interchangeably herein, refer to polymers of nucleotides of any length, and include DNA and RNA.
  • the nucleotides can be deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides, modified nucleotides or bases, and/or their analogs, or any substrate that can be incorporated into a polymer by DNA or RNA polymerase or by a synthetic reaction.
  • a polynucleotide may comprise modified nucleotides, such as methylated nucleotides and their analogs.
  • Oligonucleotide generally refers to short, generally single- stranded, generally synthetic polynucleotides that are generally, but not necessarily, less than about 200 nucleotides in length.
  • oligonucleotide and
  • polynucleotide are not mutually exclusive. The description above for
  • the cell that produces an anti-C16orf54 antibody of the present disclosure will include the parent hybridoma cell e.g., the hybridomas that are deposited with the ATCC, as well as bacterial and eukaryotic host cells into which nucleic acid encoding the antibodies have been introduced. Suitable host cells are disclosed below.
  • pre-cancerous cell refers to a cell that has an abnormal appearance such as a difference in size or shape in comparison to cells of the surrounding tissue or normal cells of its cell type, but are not invasive. The appearance of pre-cancerous cells can be suggestive of an increased cancer risk.
  • Pre-cancerous cells expressing C16orf54 can be identified using methods disclosed herein, which can include analyzing a sample of cells from a patient.
  • package insert is used to refer to instructions customarily included in commercial packages of therapeutic products, that contain information about the indications, usage, dosage, administration, contraindications and/or warnings concerning the use of such therapeutic products.
  • prevent refers to the total or partial inhibition of the development, recurrence, onset or spread of a
  • C16orf54-mediated disease and/or symptom related thereto resulting from the administration of a therapy or combination of therapies provided herein ⁇ e.g., a combination of prophylactic or therapeutic agents, such as an antibody provided herein).
  • prophylactic agent refers to any agent that can totally or partially inhibit the development, recurrence, onset or spread of a C16orf54- mediated disease and/or symptom related thereto in a subject.
  • the term “prophylactic agent” refers to an anti-C16orf54 antibody provided herein. In certain other embodiments, the term “prophylactic agent” refers to an agent other than an anti-C16orf54 antibody provided herein.
  • a prophylactic agent is an agent which is known to be useful to or has been or is currently being used to prevent a C16orf54-mediated disease and/or a symptom related thereto or impede the onset, development, progression and/or severity of a C16orf54-mediated disease and/or a symptom related thereto.
  • the prophylactic agent is a humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody, such as a humanized anti-C16orf54 monoclonal antibody.
  • a "prophylactically effective serum titer” is the serum titer in a subject, preferably a human, that totally or partially inhibits the development, recurrence, onset or spread of a C16orf54-mediated disease and/or symptom related thereto in the subject.
  • a "therapeutically effective serum titer” is the serum titer in a subject, preferably a human, that reduces the severity, the duration and/or the symptoms associated with a C16orf54-mediated disease in the subject.
  • recombinant antibody refers to an antibody that is prepared, expressed, created or isolated by recombinant means.
  • Recombinant antibodies can be antibodies expressed using a recombinant expression vector transfected into a host cell, antibodies isolated from a recombinant, combinatorial antibody library, antibodies isolated from an animal ⁇ e.g., a mouse or cow) that is transgenic and/or transchromosomal for human immunoglobulin genes (see e.g., Taylor, L. D. et al. (1992) Nucl. Acids Res. 20:6287-6295) or antibodies prepared, expressed, created or isolated by any other means that involves splicing of immunoglobulin gene sequences to other DNA sequences.
  • Such recombinant antibodies can have variable and constant regions derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences (See Kabat, E. A. et al. (1991 ) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NIH
  • such recombinant antibodies are subjected to in vitro mutagenesis (or, when an animal transgenic for human Ig sequences is used, in vivo somatic mutagenesis) and thus the amino acid sequences of the VH and VL regions of the recombinant antibodies are sequences that, while derived from and related to human germline VH and VL sequences, may not naturally exist within the human antibody germline repertoire in vivo.
  • serum titer refers to an average serum titer in a population of least 10, such as at least 20, or at least 40 subjects, up to about 100, 1000 or more.
  • side effects encompasses unwanted and adverse effects of a therapy (e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent). Unwanted effects are not necessarily adverse. An adverse effect from a therapy ⁇ e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent) might be harmful or uncomfortable or risky. Examples of side effects include, diarrhea, cough, gastroenteritis, wheezing, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal cramping, fever, pain, loss of body weight, dehydration, alopecia, dyspenea, insomnia, dizziness, mucositis, nerve and muscle effects, fatigue, dry mouth, and loss of appetite, rashes or swellings at the site of
  • a subject is a mammal, such as a non- primate (e.g., cows, pigs, horses, cats, dogs, rats, etc.) or a primate (e.g., monkey and human).
  • the subject is a human.
  • the subject is a mammal (e.g., a human) having a C16orf54-mediated disease.
  • the subject is a mammal (e.g., a human) at risk of developing a C16orf54-mediated disease.
  • substantially all refers to refers to at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or about 100%.
  • a therapeutic agent refers to any agent that can be used in treating, preventing or alleviating a disease, disorder or condition, including in the treatment, prevention or alleviation of one or more symptoms of a C16orf54- mediated disease, disorder, or condition and/or a symptom related thereto.
  • a therapeutic agent refers to an antibody provided herein.
  • a therapeutic agent refers to an agent other than an antibody provided herein.
  • a therapeutic agent is an agent which is known to be useful for, or has been or is currently being used for the treatment, prevention or alleviation of one or more symptoms of a C16orf54- mediated disease, disorder, condition, or a symptom related thereto.
  • the combination of therapies can be more effective than the additive effects of any two or more single therapy.
  • a synergistic effect of a combination of therapeutic agents permits the use of lower dosages of one or more of the agents and/or less frequent administration of the agents to a subject with a C16orf54-mediated disease.
  • the ability to utilize lower dosages of therapeutic therapies and/or to administer the therapies less frequently reduces the toxicity associated with the administration of the therapies to a subject without reducing the efficacy of the therapies in the prevention, treatment or alleviation of one or more symptom of a C16orf54-mediated disease.
  • synergistic effect can result in improved efficacy of therapies in the prevention, treatment or alleviation of one or more symptom of a C16orf54-mediated disease.
  • synergistic effect of a combination of therapies ⁇ e.g., therapeutic agents) may avoid or reduce adverse or unwanted side effects associated with the use of any single therapy.
  • the term "therapy” refers to any protocol, method and/or agent that can be used in the prevention, management, treatment and/or
  • the terms “therapies” and “therapy” refer to a biological therapy, supportive therapy, and/or other therapies useful in the prevention, management, treatment and/or amelioration of a C16orf54-mediated disease known to one of skill in the art such as medical personnel.
  • thiol refers to the radical -SH.
  • alkyl as used herein, means a straight, branched chain, or cyclic
  • alkyl hydrocarbon containing from 1 - 10 carbon atoms.
  • alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n- hexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 2,2-dimethylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylhexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n- nonyl, and n-decyl.
  • alkyl groups are optionally substituted.
  • Ci -6 alkyl means a straight, branched chain, or cyclic (in this case, it would also be known as “cycloalkyl”) hydrocarbon containing from 1 -6 carbon atoms.
  • C h alky! means a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon containing from 1 -3 carbon atoms.
  • alkenyl means a straight, branched chain, or cyclic (in which case, it would also be known as a “cycloalkenyl”) hydrocarbon containing from 2-10 carbons and containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond formed by the removal of two hydrogens.
  • an alkenyl group is a monoradical or a diradical ⁇ e.g., an alkenylene group).
  • alkenyl groups are optionally substituted.
  • alkenyl examples include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 3- butenyl, 4-pentenyl, 5-hexenyl, 2-heptenyl, and 2-methyl-1 -heptenyl. In certain embodiments, alkenyl groups are optionally substituted.
  • C2-6 alkenyl means a straight, branched chain, or cyclic (in this case, it would also be known as “cycloalkyl”) hydrocarbon containing from 2-6 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond formed by the removal of two hydrogens.
  • alkoxy means an alkyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
  • alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, 2-propoxy, butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, and hexyloxy.
  • amino acid or AA or amino acid residue include but are not limited to the 20 naturally occurring amino acids acids commonly designated by three letter symbols and also includes 4 hydroxyproline, hydroxyysine, demosine, isodemosine, 3-methylhistidine, norvalin, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, homocysteine, homoserine, ornithine and methionine sulfone.
  • the amino acid residue of the present application also include the corresponding N-methyl amino acids, such as - N(CH 3 )CH 2 C(O)O-, -NHC(O)CH 2 CH 2 CH(NHCH 3 )C(O)O-, etc.
  • amino acids, dipeptides, tripeptides, oligomers and polypeptides designated as -(AA) r of the present application may include the corresponding non-N-alkylated amino acids and peptides (such as non-N-methylated amino acids in the peptides), as well as a mixture of the non-N-alkylated amino acids and the N-alkylated amino acids of the peptides.
  • chemical group refers to two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule.
  • cycloalkyl means a monocyclic or polycyclic radical that contains only carbon and hydrogen, and includes those that are saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated. Cycloalkyl groups include groups having from 3 to 10 ring atoms.
  • detectable probe refers to a composition that provides a detectable signal.
  • the term includes, without limitation, any fluorophore, chromophore, radiolabel, enzyme, antibody or antibody fragment, and the like, that provide a detectable signal via its activity.
  • a diagnostic agent refers to a substance administered to a subject that aids in the diagnosis of a disease. Such substances can be used to reveal, pinpoint, and/or define the localization of a disease causing process.
  • a diagnostic agent includes a substance that is conjugated to an antibody provided herein, that when administered to a subject or contacted to a sample from a subject aids in the diagnosis of cancer, tumor formation, or any other C16orf54-mediated disease.
  • detectable agent refers to a substance that can be used to ascertain the existence or presence of a desired molecule, such as an antibody provided herein, in a sample or subject.
  • a detectable agent can be a substance that is capable of being visualized or a substance that is otherwise able to be determined and/or measured (e.g., by quantitation).
  • electrophilic leaving group refers to a leaving group that accepts an electron pair to make a covalent bond.
  • electrophiles are susceptible to attack by complementary nucleophiles, including the reduced thiols from the disulfide bond of an antibody.
  • electrophilic leaving group that reacts selectively with thiols refers to electrophilic leaving group that reacts selectively with thiols, over other nucleophiles.
  • an electrophilic leaving group that reacts selectively with thiols reacts selectively with the reduced thiols from the disulfide bond of an antibody.
  • encode or grammatical equivalents thereof as it is used in reference to nucleic acid molecule refers to a nucleic acid molecule in its native state or when manipulated by methods well known to those skilled in the art that can be transcribed to produce mRNA, which is then translated into a polypeptide and/or a fragment thereof.
  • the antisense strand is the complement of such a nucleic acid molecule, and the encoding sequence can be deduced therefrom.
  • excipient refers to an inert substance which is commonly used as a diluent, vehicle, preservative, binder, or stabilizing agent, and includes, but not limited to, proteins ⁇ e.g., serum albumin, etc.), amino acids ⁇ e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, glycine, histidine, etc.), fatty acids and phospholipids ⁇ e.g., alkyl sulfonates, caprylate, etc.), surfactants ⁇ e.g., SDS, polysorbate, nonionic surfactant, etc.), saccharides ⁇ e.g., sucrose, maltose, trehalose, etc.) and polyols ⁇ e.g., mannitol, sorbitol, etc.). See, also, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (1990) Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its
  • fragment refers to a peptide or polypeptide that comprises less than the full length amino acid sequence. Such a fragment may arise, for example, from a truncation at the amino terminus, a truncation at the carboxy terminus, and/or an internal deletion of a residue(s) from the amino acid sequence. Fragments may, for example, result from alternative RNA splicing or from in vivo protease activity.
  • C16orf54 fragments include polypeptides comprising an amino acid sequence of at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 10 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 15 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 20 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 25 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 40 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 50 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 60 contiguous amino residues, at least 70 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 80 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 90 contiguous amino acid residues, at least contiguous 100 amino acid residues, at least 125 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 150 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 175 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 200 contiguous amino acid residues, or at least 250 contiguous amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence of a C16orf54 polypeptide or an antibody that binds to a C16orf54 polypeptide.
  • a specific embodiment a
  • leaving group refers to any group that leaves in the course of a chemical reaction involving the group as described herein and includes but is not limited to halogen, sulfonates (brosylate, mesylate, tosylate triflate etc ...), p-nitrobenzoate and phosphonate groups, for example.
  • light chain when used in reference to an antibody refers to a polypeptide chain of about 25 kDa, wherein the amino-terminal portion includes a variable region of about 100 to about 1 10 or more amino acids and a carboxy- terminal portion that includes a constant region.
  • the approximate length of a light chain is 21 1 to 217 amino acids.
  • K kappa
  • ⁇ lambda
  • Light chain amino acid sequences are well known in the art.
  • a light chain can be a human light chain.
  • a “linker” (noted as L or L 1 , L 2 and L 3 ) is a molecule with two reactive termini, one for conjugation to an antibody or to another linker and the other for conjugation to a cytotoxic agent.
  • the antibody conjugation reactive terminus of the linker is typically a site that is capable of conjugation to the antibody through a cysteine thiol or lysine amine group on the antibody, and so is typically a thiol-reactive group such as a double bond (as in maleimide) or a leaving group such as a chloro, bromo or iodo or an R-sulfanyl group or sulfonyl group, or an amine-reactive group such as a carboxyl group or as defined herein; while the antibody conjugation reactive terminus of the linker is typically a site that is capable of conjugation to the cytotoxic agent through formation of an amide bond with a basic amine or carboxyl group on the cytotoxin,
  • linker when the term "linker" is used in describing the linker in conjugated form, one or both of the reactive termini will be absent (such as the leaving group of the thiol-reactive group) or incomplete (such as the being only the carbonyl of the carboxylic acid) because of the formation of the bonds between the linker and/or the cytotoxic agent.
  • the terms “manage,” “managing,” and “management” refer to the beneficial effects that a subject derives from a therapy ⁇ e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent), which does not result in a cure of the disease.
  • a subject is administered one or more therapies ⁇ e.g., prophylactic or therapeutic agents, such as an antibody provided herein) to "manage” a C16orf54- mediated disease, one or more symptoms thereof, so as to prevent the progression or worsening of the disease.
  • thiol refers to the radical -SH.
  • Tubulysin includes both the natural products described as tubulysins, such as by Sasse et al. and other authors mentioned in the Description of the related art, and also the tubulysin analogs described in US Patent Application Publication No. US 201 1/0021568 A1 .
  • Tubulysins disclosed in the present application are noted herein and may include the tubulysins of the formulae T3 and T4, and other tubulysins where the terminal /V-methylpiperidine has been replaced by an
  • administer refers to the act of injecting or otherwise physically delivering a substance as it exists outside the body ⁇ e.g., an anti-C16orf54 antibody provided herein) into a patient, such as by mucosal, intradermal, intravenous, intramuscular delivery and/or any other method of physical delivery described herein or known in the art.
  • administration of the substance typically occurs after the onset of the disease or symptoms thereof.
  • administration of the substance typically occurs before the onset of the disease or symptoms thereof.
  • analog refers to a polypeptide that possesses a similar or identical function as a C16orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C16orf54 polypeptide, or an anti-C16orf54 antibody but does not necessarily comprise a similar or identical amino acid sequence of a C16orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C16orf54 polypeptide, or an anti-C16orf54 antibody, or possess a similar or identical structure of a C16orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C16orf54 polypeptide, or an anti-C16orf54 antibody.
  • a polypeptide that has a similar amino acid sequence refers to a polypeptide that satisfies at least one of the following: (a) a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of a C16orf54 polypeptide (e.g., SEQ ID NO:1079), a fragment of a C16orf54 polypeptide, or an anti-C16orf54 antibody described herein; (b) a polypeptide encoded by a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes under stringent conditions to a nucleotide sequence encoding a C16orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C16orf54 polypeptide, or an anti- C16orf54 antibody (or
  • a polypeptide with similar structure to a C16orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C16orf54 polypeptide, or an anti-C16orf54 antibody described herein refers to a polypeptide that has a similar secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure of a
  • C16orf54 polypeptide a fragment of a C16orf54, or a C16orf54 antibody described herein.
  • the structure of a polypeptide can determined by methods known to those skilled in the art, including but not limited to, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and crystallographic electron microscopy.
  • composition is intended to encompass a product containing the specified ingredients ⁇ e.g., an antibody provided herein) in, optionally, the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in, optionally, the specified amounts.
  • the term “derivative” as used herein refers to a polypeptide that comprises an amino acid sequence of a C16orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C16orf54 polypeptide, or an antibody that binds to a C16orf54 polypeptide which has been altered by the introduction of amino acid residue substitutions, deletions or additions.
  • the term “derivative” as used herein also refers to a C16orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C16orf54 polypeptide, or an antibody that binds to a C16orf54 polypeptide which has been chemically modified, e.g., by the covalent attachment of any type of molecule to the polypeptide.
  • polypeptide, or a C16orf54 antibody may be chemically modified, e.g., by
  • the derivatives are modified in a manner that is different from naturally occurring or starting peptide or polypeptides, either in the type or location of the molecules attached. Derivatives further include deletion of one or more chemical groups which are naturally present on the peptide or polypeptide.
  • a derivative of a C16orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C16orf54 polypeptide, or a C16orf54 antibody may be chemically modified by chemical modifications using techniques known to those of skill in the art, including, but not limited to specific chemical cleavage, acetylation, formulation, metabolic synthesis of tunicamycin, etc. Further, a derivative of a C16orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C16orf54 polypeptide, or a C16orf54 antibody may contain one or more non-classical amino acids.
  • polypeptide derivative possesses a similar or identical function as a C16orf54 polypeptide, a fragment of a C16orf54 polypeptide, or a C16orf54 antibody described herein.
  • Immunoconjugates comprising humanized anti-C16orf54 antibodies are also provided.
  • Antibodies and immunoconjugates of the present disclosure are useful, e.g., for the diagnosis or treatment of disorders associated with altered expression, e.g., increased expression, of C16orf54.
  • antibodies or immunoconjugates of the present disclosure are useful for the diagnosis or treatment of a cell proliferative disorder, such as cancer.
  • humanized antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 polypeptide, a C16orf54 polypeptide fragment, C16orf54 peptide, or a C16orf54 epitope.
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibodies bind to the extracellular domain (ECD) of C16orf54 (e.g., amino acids 1 -31 of SEQ ID NO:1 or a subsequence thereof).
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody binds to an epitope of C16orf54 (e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) comprising one or more specific residues (e.g., residue 4, 5, 8 and/or 1 1 of SEQ ID NO:1 ). Accordingly, in some embodiments, the humanized antibody or fragment thereof provided herein binds to an epitope of C16orf54 (e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) comprising at least one of amino acid residues 4, 5, 8 and/or 1 1 of SEQ ID NO:1 .
  • the humanized antibody or fragment thereof binds to an epitope of C16orf54 (e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) that comprises at least amino acid residue 4 of SEQ ID NO:1 . In some embodiments, the humanized antibody or fragment thereof binds to an epitope of C16orf54 (e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) that comprises at least amino acid residue 5 of SEQ ID NO:1 . In some embodiments, the humanized antibody or fragment thereof binds to an epitope of C16orf54 (e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) that comprises at least amino acid residue 8 of SEQ ID NO:1 .
  • the humanized antibody or fragment thereof binds to an epitope of C16orf54 (e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) that comprises at least amino acid residue 1 1 of SEQ ID NO:1 . In some embodiments, the humanized antibody or fragment thereof binds to an epitope of C16orf54 (e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) that comprises at least amino acid residues 4 and 5 of SEQ ID NO:1 . In some embodiments, the humanized antibody or fragment thereof binds to an epitope of C16orf54 (e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) that comprises at least amino acid residues 4 and 8 of SEQ ID NO:1 .
  • the humanized antibody or fragment thereof binds to an epitope of C16orf54 (e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) that comprises at least amino acid residues 4 and 1 1 of SEQ ID NO:1 . In some embodiments, the humanized antibody or fragment thereof binds to an epitope of C16orf54 (e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) that comprises at least amino acid residues 5 and 8 of SEQ ID NO:1 . In some embodiments, the humanized antibody or fragment thereof binds to an epitope of C16orf54 (e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) that comprises at least amino acid residues 5 and 1 1 of SEQ ID NO:1 .
  • the humanized antibody or fragment thereof binds to an epitope of C16orf54 (e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) that comprises at least amino acid residues 8 and 1 1 of SEQ ID NO:1 . In some embodiments, the humanized antibody or fragment thereof binds to an epitope of C16orf54 (e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) that comprises at least amino acid residues 4, 5, and 8 of SEQ ID NO:1 . In some embodiments, the humanized antibody or fragment thereof binds to an epitope of C16orf54 ⁇ e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) that comprises at least amino acid residues 4, 5, and 1 1 of SEQ ID NO:1 .
  • the humanized antibody or fragment thereof binds to an epitope of C16orf54 ⁇ e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) that comprises at least amino acid residues 5, 8 and 1 1 of SEQ ID NO:1 . In some embodiments, the humanized antibody or fragment thereof binds to an epitope of C16orf54 ⁇ e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) that comprises at least amino acid residues 4, 5, 8 and 1 1 of SEQ ID NO:1 .
  • humanized antibodies that compete for the binding to C16orf54 with a reference antibody ⁇ e.g., competitively block a reference
  • anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized antibody
  • binding to a C16orf54 polypeptide e.g., humanized antibody
  • antibodies including humanized antibodies, that bind to the same epitope as a reference antibody ⁇ e.g., an antibody that binds to the same epitope as an anti-C16orf54 antibody ⁇ e.g., humanized antibody) provided herein).
  • humanized anti-C16orf54 antibodies provided herein can also be conjugated or recombinantly fused to a diagnostic agent, detectable agent or therapeutic agent ⁇ e.g., antibody-drug conjugate). Further provided are
  • compositions humanized comprising a humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody.
  • a detectable agent may be a detectable probe.
  • isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding a humanized VH chain, humanized VL chain, humanized VH domain, humanized VL domain, which comprises VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of anti-C16orf54 antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 polypeptide, a C16orf54 polypeptide fragment, a C16orf54 peptide or a C16orf54 epitope ⁇ see, e.g., exemplary CDR sequences in Tables 33-35, exemplary frameworks in sequences in Tables 33-35 and exemplary humanized VH and VL sequences in Tables 32-35).
  • vectors and host cells comprising nucleic acid molecules encoding humanized anti-C16orf54 antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 polypeptide, a C16orf54 polypeptide fragment, a C16orf54 peptide or a C16orf54 epitope. Also provided are methods of making antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 polypeptide, a C16orf54 polypeptide fragment, a C16orf54 peptide or a C16orf54 epitope.
  • Methods of using the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibodies include treating, preventing or alleviating a disease, disorder or condition, including treating, preventing ro alleviating one or more symptoms of a disease, disorder or condition in a subject or inhibiting the growth of a cell having cell surface expression of a C16orf54 polypeptide. Additional methods provided include using a humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody provided herein, for example, as an unconjugated antibody or conjugated antibody (ADC), with anti-tumor activity to mediate anti-tumor effects.
  • ADC unconjugated antibody or conjugated antibody
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibodies provided herein directly kill C16orf54-bearing tumor cells ⁇ e.g., via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC).
  • ADCC antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
  • CDC complement-dependent cytotoxicity
  • ADCs antibody drug conjugates
  • anti-C16orf54 antibodies provided herein directly kill C16orf54-bearing tumor cells ⁇ e.g., by binding to tumor cells expressing C16orf54 and allowing internalization of the cytotoxic drug). Additional methods provided include using a humanized anti- C16orf54 antibody to modulate a C16orf54 mediated disease or disorder detecting C16orf54 in a sample.
  • the present present disclosure provides anti-C16orf54 antibodies, including humanized anti-C16orf54 antibodies, that may find use as antibodies or as antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) herein as therapeutic agents.
  • ADCs antibody drug conjugates
  • Exemplary antibodies include polyclonal, monoclonal, humanized, human, bispecific, and heteroconjugate antibodies, as well as variants thereof having improved affinity or other properties.
  • antibodies that bind to C16orf54 including a C16orf54 polypeptide, a C16orf54 polypeptide fragment, a C16orf54 peptide or a C16orf54 epitope.
  • the anti-C16orf54 antibodies are humanized antibodies ⁇ e.g., comprising human constant regions) that bind C16orf54, including C16orf54 polypeptide, a C16orf54 polypeptide fragment, a C16orf54 peptide or a C16orf54 epitope.
  • the anti-C16orf54 humanized antibody comprises a VH region, VL region, VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of any one of the murine monoclonal antibodies described herein, such as an amino acid sequence depicted in Tables 1 -29. Accordingly, in some embodiments,
  • the isolated humanized antibody or functional ⁇ e.g., C16orf54 binding) fragment thereof provided herein comprises one, two, or three heavy chain CDRs and/or one, two, or three light chain CDRs from: (a) the antibody designated R29-7- 2A; (b) the antibody designated R29-7-1 C; (c) the antibody designated R29-67-7A; (d) the antibody designated R29-8-136C; (e) the antibody designated R29-8-57B; (f) the antibody designated R29-7-54C; (g) the antibody designated R29-7-53A; (h) the antibody designated R29-8-50C; (i) the antibody designated R29-8-19B; (j) the antibody designated R29-8-58C; (k) the antibody designated R29-8-9B; (I) the antibody designated R29-8-28C; (m) the antibody designated R29-8-120B; (n) the antibody designated R29-8-75B; (o) the antibody designated R29-8-36C; (p) the antibody designated R29-7
  • Residue designated "X" represents any naturally occurring amino acid.
  • Residue designated "X" represents any naturally occurring amino acid. *Not included in consensus sequence.
  • Residue designated "X" represents any naturaiiy occurring amino acid.
  • the humanized antibodies provided herein comprise a VH region that comprises or consists of a VH domain. In other embodiments, the humanized antibodies provided herein comprise a VH region that comprises or consists of a VH chain. In some embodiments, the humanized antibodies provided herein comprise a VL region that comprises or consists of a VL domain. In other embodiments, the humanized antibodies provided herein comprise a VL region that comprises or consists of a VL chain. In some embodiments, the humanized antibodies provided herein have a combination of (i) a VH domain or VH chain; and/or (ii) a VL domain or VL chain.
  • a humanized antibody provided herein comprises or consists of six CDRs, for example, VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 identified in Tables 1 -29. In certain embodiments, a humanized antibody provided herein can comprise less than six CDRs. In some embodiments, the humanized antibody comprises or consists of one, two, three, four, or five CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3.
  • the humanized antibody comprises or consists of one, two, three, four, or five CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of the murine monoclonal antibody selected from the group consisting of: (a) the antibody designated R29-7-2A; (b) the antibody designated R29-7-1 C; (c) the antibody designated R29-67-7A; (d) the antibody designated R29- 8-136C; (e) the antibody designated R29-8-57B; (f) the antibody designated R29-7- 54C; (g) the antibody designated R29-7-53A; (h) the antibody designated R29-8- 50C; (i) the antibody designated R29-8-19B; (j) the antibody designated R29-8-58C; (k) the antibody designated R29-8-9B; (I) the antibody designated R29-8-28C; (m) the antibody designated R29-8-120B; (
  • the humanized antibody comprises or consists of one, two, three four or five CDRs of anyone of the VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 identified in Tables 1 -29.
  • the humanized antibodies provided herein comprise one or more (eg. one, two or three) VH CDRs listed in Tables 1 -29. In other embodiments, the humanized antibodies provided herein comprise one or more (eg. one, two or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 1 -6, 10, 12-22, 24, 25 and 29. In yet other embodiments, the humanized antibodies provided herein comprise one or more (eg. one, two or three) VH CDRs listed in Tables 1 -29 and one or more VL CDRs listed in Tables 1 -6, 10, 12-22, 24, 25 and 29.
  • the humanized antibodies comprise a VH CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 1 1 1 ,
  • the humanized antibodies comprise a VH CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 68, 74, 80, 86, 92, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101 , 102, 1 14, 1 15, 1 16, 1 17, 128, 129, 148, 162, 164, 167, 173, 175, 178, 180, 182, 187, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 203, 207, 209, 214, 218, 220, 223, 225, 230, 239, 252, 253, 254, 259, 262, 263, 270, 273, 275, 278, 280, 282, 290, 295, 298, 300, 302, 304, 308, 312, 316, 319.
  • the humanized antibodies comprise a VH CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 69, 75, 77, 81 , 87, 93, 101 , 103, 104, 105, 1 18, 1 19, 120, 121 , 130, 149, 163, 168, 194, 200, 203, 204, 207, 210, 212, 226, 231 , 236, 241 , 246, 255, 257, 260, 264, 267, 271 , 276, 283, 286, 291 , 296, 305, 309, 313.
  • the humanized antibodies comprise a VH CDR1 and/or a VH CDR2 and/or a VH CDR3 independently selected from a VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3 as depicted in any one of the amino acid sequences depicted in Table 1 -29.
  • the humanized antibodies comprise a VL CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 70, 76, 82, 88, 94, 106, 107, 108, 122, 123, 150, 164, 169, 183, 185, 188, 215, 216, 217, 222, 227, 232, 237, 242, 247, 256, 258, 261 , 265, 268, 284, 287, 292.
  • the humanized antibodies comprise a VL CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314.
  • the humanized antibodies comprise a VL CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 72, 78, 84, 90, 96, 109, 1 10, 124, 125, 165, 171 , 201 , 205, 228, 233, 243, 249, 269, 272, 288, 293, 310, 315.
  • the humanized antibodies comprise a VL CDR1 and/or a VL CDR2 and/or a VL CDR3 independently selected from a VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, VL CDR3 as depicted in any one of the amino acid sequences depicted in Tables 1 -6, 10, 12-22, 24, 25 and 29.
  • humanized antibodies comprising one or more VH
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 1 1 1 , 1 12, 126, 127, 147, 161 , 166, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 181 , 184, 186, 189, 191 , 193, 195, 197, 199, 202, 206, 208, 21 1 , 213, 219, 224, 229, 234, 240, 244, 250, 266, 274, 277, 279, 281 , 285, 289, 294, 297, 299, 301 , 303, 307, 31 1 , 317, 318) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 70, 76, 82, 88
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 1 1 1 , 1 12, 126, 127, 147, 161 , 166, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 181 , 184, 186, 189, 191 , 193, 195, 197, 199, 202, 206, 208, 21 1 , 213, 219, 224, 229, 234, 240, 244, 250, 266, 274, 277, 279, 281 , 285, 289,
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 70, 76, 82, 88, 94, 106, 107, 108, 122, 123, 150, 164, 169, 183, 185, 188, 215, 216, 217, 222, 227, 232, 237, 242, 247, 256, 258, 261 , 265, 268, 284, 287, 292); a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 68, 74, 80, 86, 92, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101 , 102, 1 14, 1 15, 1 16, 1 17, 128, 129, 148, 162, 164, 167, 173, 175, 178, 180, 182, 187, 190, 192
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314
  • VH CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 68, 74, 80, 86, 92, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101 , 102, 1 14, 1 15, 1 16, 1 17, 128, 129, 148, 162, 164, 167, 173, 175, 178, 180, 182, 187, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 203, 207, 209, 214, 218, 220, 223, 225, 230, 239, 252, 253, 254, 259, 262, 263, 270, 273, 275,
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 72, 78, 84, 90, 96, 109, 1 10, 124, 125, 165, 171 , 201 , 205, 228, 233, 243, 249, 269, 272, 288, 293, 310, 315
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 69, 75, 77, 81 , 87, 93, 101 , 103, 104, 105, 1 18, 1 19, 120, 121 , 130, 149, 163, 168, 194, 200, 203, 204, 207,
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 70, 76, 82, 88, 94, 106, 107, 108, 122, 123, 150, 164, 169, 183, 185, 188, 215, 216, 217, 222, 227, 232, 237, 242, 247, 256, 258, 261 , 265, 268, 284, 287, 292); a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 69, 75, 77, 81 , 87, 93, 101 , 103, 104, 105, 1 18, 1 19, 120, 121 , 130, 149, 163, 168, 194, 200, 203, 204, 207, 210, 212, 226, 231 ,
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 69, 75, 77, 81 , 87, 93, 101 , 103, 104, 105, 1 18, 1 19, 120, 121 , 130, 149, 163, 168, 194, 200, 203, 204, 207, 210, 212, 226, 231 , 236, 241 , 246, 255, 257, 260, 264, 267, 271 , 276, 283, 286, 291 , 296, 305, 309, 313) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 72, 78, 84, 90, 96, 109, 1 10, 124, 125, 165, 171 , 201 , 205, 228, 233, 243, 249, 2
  • VH CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 68, 74, 80, 86, 92, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101 , 102, 1 14, 1 15, 1 16, 1 17, 128, 129, 148, 162, 164, 167, 173,
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 70, 76, 82, 88, 94, 106, 107, 108, 122, 123, 150, 164, 169, 183, 185, 188, 215, 216, 217, 222, 227, 232, 237, 242, 247, 256, 258, 261 , 265, 268, 284, 287, 292); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 1 1 1 , 1 12, 126, 127, 147, 161 , 166, 172,
  • VH CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 68, 74, 80, 86, 92, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101 , 102, 1 14, 1 15, 1 16, 1 17, 128, 129, 148, 162, 164, 167, 173,
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 1 1 1 , 1 12, 126, 127, 147, 161 , 166, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 181 , 184, 186, 189, 191 , 193, 195, 197, 199, 202, 206,
  • VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 69, 75, 77, 81 , 87, 93, 101 , 103, 104, 105, 1 18,
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314
  • VH CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 68, 74, 80, 86, 92, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101 , 102, 1 14, 1 15, 1 16, 1 17, 128, 129, 148, 162, 164, 167, 173, 175, 178, 180, 182, 187, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 203, 207, 209, 214, 218, 220, 223, 225, 230, 239, 252, 253, 25
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 72, 78, 84, 90, 96, 109, 1 10, 124, 125, 165, 171 , 201 , 205, 228, 233, 243, 249, 269, 272, 288, 293, 310, 315; a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 1 1 1 , 1 12, 126, 127, 147, 161 , 166, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 181 , 184, 186, 189, 191 , 193, 195, 197, 199, 202, 206, 208, 21 1 , 213, 219, 224, 229, 234, 240, 244, 250, 266, 274, 277,
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 1 1 1 , 1 12, 126, 127, 147, 161 , 166, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 181 , 184, 186, 189, 191 , 193, 195,
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 70, 76, 82, 88, 94, 106, 107, 108, 122, 123, 150, 164, 169, 183, 185, 188, 215, 216, 217, 222, 227, 232, 237, 242, 247, 256, 258, 261 , 265, 268, 284, 287, 292
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 72, 78, 84, 90, 96, 109, 1 10, 124, 125, 165, 171 , 201 , 205, 228, 233, 243, 249,
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 70, 76, 82, 88, 94, 106, 107, 108, 122, 123, 150, 164, 169, 183, 185, 188, 215, 216, 217, 222, 227, 232, 237, 242, 247, 256, 258, 261 , 265, 268, 284, 287, 292
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 70, 76, 82, 88, 94, 106, 107, 108, 122, 123, 150, 164, 169, 183, 185, 188, 215, 216, 217, 222, 227, 232, 237, 242, 247, 256, 258, 261 , 265, 268, 284, 287, 292
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 70, 76, 82, 88, 94, 106, 107, 108, 122, 123, 150, 164,
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 69, 75, 77, 81, 87, 93, 101, 103, 104, 105, 118, 119, 120, 121, 130, 149, 163, 168, 194, 200, 203, 204, 207, 210, 212, 226, 231, 236, 241, 246, 255, 257, 260, 264, 267, 271, 276, 283, 286, 291, 296, 305, 309, 313), a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 72, 78, 84, 90, 96,
  • VH CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 68, 74, 80, 86, 92, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 114, 115, 116, 117, 128, 129, 148, 162, 164, 167, 173,
  • VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 69, 75, 77, 81 , 87, 93, 101, 103, 104, 105, 118, 119, 120, 121, 130, 149, 163, 168, 194, 200, 203,
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 70, 76, 82, 88, 94, 106, 107, 108, 122, 123, 150, 164, 169, 183, 185, 188, 215, 216, 217, 222, 227, 232, 237, 242, 247, 256, 258, 261 , 265, 268, 284, 287, 292); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 111 , 112, 126, 127, 147, 161 , 166, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 181, 184, 186, 189, 19
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 69, 75, 77, 81 , 87, 93, 101 , 103, 104, 105, 118, 119, 120, 121 , 130, 149, 163, 168, 194, 200, 203, 204, 207, 210, 212, 226, 231, 236, 241, 246, 255, 257, 260, 264, 267, 271, 276, 283, 286, 291, 296,
  • VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 111 , 112, 126, 127, 147, 161, 166, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 181, 184, 186, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 202, 206, 208, 211,213,219, 224, 229, 234, 240, 244, 250, 266, 274, 277, 279, 281 , 285, 289, 294, 297, 299, 301 , 303, 307, 311,317, 318), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:
  • VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 72, 78, 84, 90, 96, 109, 110, 124, 125, 165, 171, 201, 205, 228, 233, 243, 249, 269, 272, 288, 293, 310, 315; a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 111, 112, 126, 127, 147, 161, 166, 172,
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 111 , 112, 126, 127, 147, 161, 166, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 181, 184, 186, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 199, 202, 206, 208, 211, 213, 219, 224, 229, 234, 240, 244, 250, 266, 274, 277, 279, 281, 285, 289, 294, 297, 299, 301 , 303, 307, 31
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91, 95, 96, 111, 112, 126, 127, 147, 161, 166, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 181 , 184, 186, 189, 191 , 193, 195, 197, 199, 202, 206, 208, 211,213,219, 224,
  • VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 68, 74, 80, 86, 92, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 114, 115, 116, 117, 128, 129, 148, 162, 164, 167, 173, 175, 178, 180, 182, 187, 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 203, 207, 209, 214, 218, 220, 223, 225, 230, 239, 252, 253, 254, 259, 262, 263, 270, 273, 275, 278, 280, 282, 290, 295, 298, 300, 302, 304,
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 71, 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 72, 78, 84, 90, 96, 109, 110, 124, 125, 165, 171, 201, 205, 228, 233, 243, 249, 269, 272, 288, 293, 310, 315); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91, 95, 96, 111 , 112, 126, 127, 147, 161, 166, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 181 , 184, 186, 189, 191 , 193, 195, 197, 199, 202, 206, 208, 211, 213, 219, 224, 229, 234, 240, 244, 250, 266,
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91, 95, 96, 111, 112, 126, 127, 147, 161, 166, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 181, 184, 186, 189, 191 , 193, 195, 197, 199, 202, 206, 208, 211,213,219, 224, 229, 234, 240, 244, 250, 266, 274, 277, 279, 281 , 285, 2
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 69, 75, 77, 81 , 87, 93, 101 , 103, 104, 105, 1 18, 1 19, 120, 121 , 130, 149, 163, 168, 194, 200, 203, 204, 207, 210, 212, 226, 231 , 236, 241 , 246, 255, 257, 260, 264, 267, 271 , 276, 283, 286, 291, 191 , 193, 195, 197, 199, 202, 206, 208, 21 1 , 213, 219, 224, 229, 234, 240, 244, 250, 266, 274, 277, 279, 281 , 285, 289, 294, 297, 299, 301 , 303, 307, 31 1 , 317, 318), a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 69, 75, 77, 81 , 87, 93, 101 , 103
  • VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 69, 75, 77, 81 , 87, 93, 101 , 103, 104, 105, 1 18,
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 70, 76, 82, 88, 94, 106, 107, 108, 122, 123, 150, 164, 169, 183, 185, 188, 215, 216, 217, 222, 227, 232, 237, 242, 247, 256, 258, 261 , 265, 268, 284, 287, 292) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314); a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 68, 74, 80,
  • VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 69, 75, 77, 81 , 87, 93, 101 , 103, 104, 105, 1 18,
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 70, 76, 82, 88, 94, 106, 107, 108, 122, 123, 150, 164, 169, 183, 185, 188, 215, 216, 217, 222, 227, 232, 237, 242, 247, 256, 258, 261 , 265, 268, 284, 287, 292
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 72, 78, 84, 90, 96, 109, 1 10, 124, 125, 165, 171 , 201 , 205, 228, 233,
  • VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 69, 75, 77, 81 , 87, 93, 101 , 103, 104, 105, 1 18, 1 19, 120,
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 72, 78, 84, 90, 96, 109, 1 10, 124, 125, 165, 171 , 201 , 205, 228, 233, 243, 249, 269, 272, 288, 293, 310, 315
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 1 1 1 , 1 12, 126, 127, 147
  • VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 1 1 1 , 1 12, 126, 127, 147, 161 , 166, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 181 , 184, 186, 189, 191 , 193, 195, 197, 199, 202, 206, 208, 21 1 , 213, 219, 224, 229, 234, 240, 244, 250, 266, 274, 277, 279, 281 ,
  • VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:
  • VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 70, 76, 82, 88, 94, 106, 107, 108, 122, 123, 150, 164, 169, 183, 185, 188, 215, 216, 217, 222,
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 72, 78, 84, 90, 96, 109, 1 10, 124, 125, 165, 171 , 201 , 205, 228, 233, 243, 249, 269, 272, 288, 293, 310, 315; a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 1 1 1 , 1 12, 126, 127, 147, 161 , 166, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 181 , 184, 186, 189, 191 , 193, 195, 197, 199, 202, 206, 208, 21 1 , 213, 219, 224, 229, 234, 240, 244, 250, 266, 27
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 1 1 1 , 1 12, 126, 127, 147, 161 , 166, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 181 , 184, 186, 189, 191 , 193, 195, 197, 199, 202, 206, 208, 21 1 , 213, 219, 224, 229, 234, 240, 244, 250, 266, 274, 277, 279, 281 , 285, 289, 294, 297, 299, 301 , 303, 307, 31 1 , 317, 318), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 68, 74, 80, 86, 92, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101 , 102
  • VL CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314)
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 72, 78, 84, 90, 96, 109, 1 10, 124, 125, 165, 171 , 201 , 205, 228, 233, 243, 249, 269, 272, 288, 293, 310, 315
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76, 79, 85, 89, 91 , 95, 96, 1 1 1 , 1 12, 126, 127, 147, 161 , 166, 172, 174, 176,
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 69, 75, 77, 81 , 87, 93, 101 , 103, 104, 105, 1 18, 1 19, 120, 121 , 130, 149, 163, 168, 194, 200, 203, 204, 207, 210, 212, 226, 231 , 236, 241 , 246, 255, 257, 260, 264, 267, 271 , 276, 283, 286, 291 , 296,
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 70, 76, 82, 88, 94, 106, 107, 108, 122, 123, 150, 164, 169, 183, 185, 188, 215, 216, 217, 222, 227, 232, 237, 242, 247, 256, 258, 261 , 265, 268, 284, 287, 292), a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 71 , 83, 160, 170, 238, 248, 306, 314), and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 72, 78, 84, 90, 96, 109, 1 10, 124, 125, 165, 171 , 201 , 205, 228, 233, 243, 249, 269, 272, 288, 293, 310, 315); or any combination thereof of the VH CDRs (SEQ ID NOS: 67, 73, 76
  • the humanized antibodies provided herein comprise one or more ⁇ e.g., one, two or three) VH CDRs listed in Tables 30-35. In other embodiments, the humanized antibodies provided herein comprise one or more ⁇ e.g., one, two or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 30-35. In yet other embodiments, the humanized antibodies provided herein comprise one or more ⁇ e.g., one, two or three) VH CDRs listed in Tables 30-35 and one or more VL CDRs listed in Tables 30-35. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the humanized antibodies comprise a VH CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 250.
  • the humanized antibodies comprise a VH CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 263, 338-354, 273, 375, 376, 254, 770, 771 , 262, 235, 795-802, 251 , 806, 807.
  • the humanized antibodies comprise a VH CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 264, 371 , 372, 255, 772-775, 236, 803-805.
  • the humanized antibodies comprise a VH CDR1 and/or a VH CDR2 and/or a VH CDR3 independently selected from a VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3 as depicted in any one of the amino acid sequences depicted in Table 30-35.
  • the humanized antibodies comprise a VL CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 265, 742, 743, 237, 745-749, 256, 782-789.
  • the humanized antibodies comprise a VL CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NO: 238.
  • the humanized antibodies comprise a VL CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 125, 124.
  • the humanized antibodies comprise a VL CDR1 and/or a VL CDR2 and/or a VL CDR3 independently selected from a VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, VL CDR3 as depicted in any one of the amino acid sequences depicted in Tables 30-35.
  • humanized antibodies comprising one or more VH CDRs and one or more (eg. one, two or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 30-35.
  • a humanized antibody comprising a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 250) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 265, 742, 743, 237, 745-749, 256, 782- 789); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 250) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 238); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 250) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 125, 124); a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 263, 338-354, 273, 375, 376, 254, 770, 771 , 262, 235, 795-802, 251 , 806, 807) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 265, 7
  • VL CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 125, 124
  • VH CDR2 SEQ ID NOS: 263, 338-354, 273, 375, 376, 254, 770, 771 , 262, 235, 795-
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NOS: 264, 371 , 372, 255, 772-775, 236, 803-805 and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 265, 742, 743, 237, 745-749, 256, 782- 789), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 263, 338-354, 273, 375, 376, 254, 770, 771 , 262, 235, 795-802, 251 , 806, 807), a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 264, 371 , 372, 255, 772- 775, 236, 803-805) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 238); a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:
  • VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 264, 371 , 372, 255, 772-775, 236, 803-805) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 125, 124); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 250), a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 265, 742, 743, 237, 745-749, 256, 782-789) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 238); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 250), a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 265, 742, 743, 237, 745-749, 256, 782-789) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 125, 124); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 250), a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 265, 742, 743, 237, 745-749, 256, 782-78
  • VL CDR1 SEQ ID NOS: 265, 742, 743, 237, 745- 749, 256, 782-789 and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 238); a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 264, 371 , 372, 255, 772-775, 236, 803-805), a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 265, 742, 743, 237, 745-749, 256, 782-789) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 125, 124); a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 264, 371 , 372, 255, 772-775, 236, 803-805), a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 238) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 125, 124); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 265, 742, 743, 237, 745- 749,
  • VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 250), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 263, 338- 354, 273, 375, 376, 254, 770, 771 , 262, 235, 795-802, 251 , 806, 807), a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 264, 371 , 372, 255, 772-775, 236, 803-805) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 238); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 250), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 263, 338-354, 273, 375, 376, 254, 770, 771 , 262, 235, 795-802, 251 , 806, 807), a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 264, 371 , 372, 255, 772-775, 236, 803-805) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 238); a
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises: a VH region comprising (i) a VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, and/or VH CDR3 with amino acid sequences shown in Tables 3, 19-23, 30-35, and (ii) a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, and/or VH FR4 with amino acid sequences shown in Tables 30-35; and/or a VL region comprising (i) a VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 with amino acid sequences shown in Tables 3, 19-23, 30-35, and (ii) a VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 with amino acid sequence shown in Tables 30-35.
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises (i) a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO:79), VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO:80), and/or VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO:81 ), and (ii) a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736), and/or VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373).
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NO:79
  • VH CDR2 SEQ ID NO:80
  • VH CDR3 SEQ ID NO:81
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479
  • the humanized anti- C16orf54 antibody comprises (i) a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO:82), VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO:83), and/or VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO:84), and (ii) a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768), and/or VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755).
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises (i) a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO:250), VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:263, 338-354, 273, 375, 376, 254, 770, 771 , 262, 235, 795-802, 251 , 806, 807), and/or VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:264, 371 , 372, 255, 772-775, 236, 803-805), and (ii) a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736), and/or VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373).
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NO:250
  • VH CDR2
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises (i) a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:265, 742, 743, 237, 745-749, 256, 782-789), VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO:238), and/or VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:125, 124), and (ii) a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768), and/or VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755)
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises (i) a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 250), VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 254), and/or VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 255), and (ii) a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NO: 427), VH FR2 (SEQ ID NO: 336), VH FR3 (SEQ ID NO: 431 ), and/or VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO: 373).
  • the humanized anti- C16orf54 antibody comprises (i) a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 256), VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 238), and/or VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 124), and (ii) a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NO: 780), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NO: 750), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NO: 753), and/or VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO: 755).
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises (i) a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 250), VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 254), and VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 255), (ii) a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NO: 427), VH FR2 (SEQ ID NO: 336), VH FR3 (SEQ ID NO: 431 ), and VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO: 373), (iii) a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 256), VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 238), and VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 124), and (iv) a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NO: 780), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NO: 750), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NO: 753), and VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO: 755).
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NO: 250
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises (i) a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 250), VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 262), and/or VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 255), and (ii) a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NO: 335), VH FR2 (SEQ ID NO: 336), VH FR3 (SEQ ID NO: 385), and/or VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO: 373).
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises (i) a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 256), VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 238), and/or VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 124), and (ii) a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NO: 780), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NO: 750), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NO: 753), and/or VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO: 755).
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises (i) a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 250), VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 262), and VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 255), (ii) a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NO: 335), VH FR2 (SEQ ID NO: 336), VH FR3 (SEQ ID NO: 385), and VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO: 373), (iii) a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 256), VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 238), and VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 124), and (iv) a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NO: 780), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NO: 750), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NO: 753), and VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO: 755).
  • VH CDR1 SEQ ID NO: 250
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises a VH domain, VL domain, VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1 , VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of the murine monoclonal antibody 8-57B, 7-1 C or 67-7A as depicted in Table 30.
  • the VH domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:320.
  • the VH domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:321 .
  • the VH domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:322.
  • the VL domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:323.
  • the VL domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:324.
  • the VL domain comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:325.
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, VH FR4, VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of a human germline immunoglobulin amino acid sequence or a variant thereof.
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, and/or VH FR4 depicted in a human germline sequence identified in Table 31 .
  • the humanized anti- C16orf54 antibody comprises a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, and/or VH FR4 of the human germline IGHV4-30-4 (SEQ ID 326) and IGHJ4-01 (SEQ ID NO: 329).
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, and/or VH FR4 of the human germline IGHV4-28 (SEQ ID NO: 327) and IGHJ4-01 (SEQ ID NO: 329).
  • the humanized anti- C16orf54 antibody comprises a VH FR1 , VH FR2, VH FR3, and/or VH FR4 of the human germline IGHV3-48 (SEQ ID NO:328) and IGHJ4-01 (SEQ ID NO: 329).
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises a VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of the human germline IGKV4-1 (SEQ ID NO:330) and IGKJ2-1 (SEQ ID NO:333).
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises a VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of the human germline IGKV1 -27 (SEQ ID NO:331 ) and IGKJ2-1 (SEQ ID NO:333).
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises a VL FR1 , VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of the human germline IGKV1 -29 (SEQ ID NO:332) and IGKJ2-1 (SEQ ID NO:333).
  • humanized antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 epitope ⁇ e.g., extracellular domain epitope) comprise a VH domain having an amino acid sequence identified in Table 32 or Figures 9A-9C, 10A-10C, 1 1A-1 1 C, 15A, 15C, 15D, 15E, 16, 17, 18A-18D, 19A-19F and/or a VL domain having an amino acid sequence identified in Table 32 or Figures 12A-12C, 13A-13C, 14A-14C, 15B, 15D, 15F, 16, 17, 18E, 18F, 19A, 19G, 19H.
  • humanized antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 epitope ⁇ e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) comprise a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOS:334, 374, 426. 444. 469 or 608 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:737, 756 or 766.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:334 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:737.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:374 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:737.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:426 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:737.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:444 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:737.
  • C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:469 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:737.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:608 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:737.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:334 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:756.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:374 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:756.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:426 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:756. In one embodiment, a humanized antibody that binds to a
  • C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:444 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:756.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:469 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:756.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:608 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:756.
  • a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:608 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:756.
  • humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:334 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:766.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:374 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:766.
  • C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:426 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:766.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:444 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:766.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:469 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:766.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:608 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:766.
  • humanized antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 epitope ⁇ e.g., an extracellular domain epitope comprise a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOS:769, 776, 817, 777 or 778 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:779, 790 or 793.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:769 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:779.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:776 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:779. In one embodiment, a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 817 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:779. In one embodiment, a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:777 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:779.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:778 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:779.
  • humanized antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 epitope comprise a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOS:769, 776, 817, 777 or 778 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:779, 790 or 793. Accordingly, in one embodiment, a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:769 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:790.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:776 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:790. In one embodiment, a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 817 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:790.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:777 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:790. In one embodiment, a humanized antibody that binds to a
  • C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:778 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:790.
  • humanized antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 epitope comprise a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOS:769, 776, 817, 777 or 778 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:779, 790 or 793.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:769 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:793.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:769 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:793.
  • C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:776 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:793.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 817 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:793.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:777 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:793.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:778 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:793.
  • humanized antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 epitope ⁇ e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) comprise a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOS:794, 808, 809 or 810 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:81 1 , 744, or 812.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:794 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:81 1 .
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:808 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:81 1 .
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:809 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:81 1 .
  • C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:810 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:81 1 .
  • humanized antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 epitope comprise a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOS:794, 808, 809 or 810 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:81 1 , 744, or 812.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:794 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:744.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:808 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:744.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:809 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:744.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:810 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:744.
  • humanized antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 epitope comprise a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOS:794, 808, 809 or 810 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:81 1 , 744, or 812. Accordingly, in one
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:794 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:812. In one embodiment, a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:808 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:812. In one embodiment, a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:809 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:812. In one embodiment, a humanized antibody that binds to a
  • C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:810 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:812.
  • the humanized antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 epitope ⁇ e.g., an extracellular domain epitope) comprise a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOS:334, 374, 426, 469, 769, 776, 794, 809, 884, 885, 887, 888, 889, 890, 891 , 893, 894, 895, 896, 899, 900, 901 , 902, 903, 904, 905, 906, 909, 910, 91 1 , 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 921 , or 922, and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NOS:737, 766, 779, 793, 81 1 , 812, 886, 881 , 886, 892, 897, 918, 919, 920, 923, or 924.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:885 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:886.
  • a humanized antibody that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:884 and/or a VL domain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:886.
  • humanized antibodies provided herein that bind to a C16orf54 eptitope comprise a VH region having a VH CDR1 , VH CDR2, and/or VH CDR3, that have an amino acid sequence indentified in Tables 33-35 below; and/or a VL region having VL CDR1 , VL CDR 2 and/or VL CDR3 that have an amino acid sequence identified in Tables 33-35 below.
  • a humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody or fragment thereof as described herein comprises a VH region that comprises: (1 ) a VH FR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 335, 427, 470, 471 ; (2) a VH FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 336, 337, 472-479; (3) a VH FR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736; and/or (4) a VH FR4 having an amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 373.
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises a VH region that includes a VH FR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 335, 427, 470, 471 .
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises a VH region that includes a VH FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 336, 337, 472-479.
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises a VH region that includes a VH FR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736.
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises a VH region that includes a VH FR4 having an amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 373.
  • a humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody or fragment thereof as described herein comprises a VL region that comprises: (1 ) a VL FR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792; (2) a VL FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 750, 761 ; (3) a VL FR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: [VL F3]; and/or (4) a VL FR4 having an amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 755.
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises a VL region that includes a VL FR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792.
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises a VL region that includes a VL FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 750, 761 .
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises a VL region that includes a VL FR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768.
  • the humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprises a VL region that includes a VL FR4 having an amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 755.
  • a humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody or fragment thereof as described herein comprises a VH region and a VL region, wherein the VH region further comprises: (1 ) a VH FR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 335, 427, 470, 471 ; (2) a VH FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 336, 337, 472-479; (3) a VH FR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445- 468, 480-607, 609-736; and/or (4) a VH FR4 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 373; and wherein the VL region further comprises: (1 ) a VL FR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from S
  • humanized anti-C16orf54 antibodies comprising one or more ⁇ e.g., one, two, three and/or four) VH FRs and one or more ⁇ e.g., one, two, three and/or four) VL FRs listed in Table 33-35.
  • a humanized anti-C16orf54 antibody comprising a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ) and a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762- 765, 767, 768); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337,
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445- 468, 480-607, 609-736) and a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445- 468, 480-607, 609-736) and a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445- 468, 480-607, 6
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:755
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:750, 761
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:755-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760
  • VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428- 443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 480-607,
  • VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445- 468, 480-607, 609-736) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373) and a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335,
  • VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:
  • VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335,
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NO:755
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792 and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 4
  • VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472- 479), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609- 736), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a V
  • VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:
  • VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738- 741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792) and a VL FR
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:373
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:750, 761
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:755
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:373
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:750, 761
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428
  • VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 6
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NO:755
  • VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445- 468, 480-607, 609-736), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355- 370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738- 741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750,
  • VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445- 468, 480-607, 609-736), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377- 424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NO:755
  • VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NO
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NO:755
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:373
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:751 - 754, 762-765, 767, 768
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:755
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NO:3
  • VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445- 468, 480-607, 609-736), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738- 741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428- 443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 79), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO
  • VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ), and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762- 765, 767, 768); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 4
  • VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761
  • VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738- 741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-4
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:750, 761
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768
  • VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738- 741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377- 424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:373
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:373
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NO:755
  • VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445- 468, 480-607, 609-736), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ) and a VL
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445- 468, 480-607, 609-736
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:750, 761
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:750, 761
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736
  • VH FR4 SEQ ID NO:373
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:750, 761
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:755
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NO:373
  • VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445- 468, 480-607, 609-736), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738- 741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOSEQ ID NOS:373), a VL
  • VL FR4 SEQ ID NO:755
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479
  • VL FR1 SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792
  • VL FR2 SEQ ID NOS:750, 761
  • VL FR3 SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755)
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471
  • VH FR3 SEQ ID NO:755
  • VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -7
  • VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445-468, 480-607, 609-736), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), VL FR1 (SEQ ID NO:373), VL FR1 (SEQ ID NO:373), VL FR1 (SEQ ID NO:373), VL
  • VH FR1 SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471
  • VH FR2 SEQ ID NO:755
  • VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445- 468, 480-607, 609-736), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NO:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445- 468, 480-607, 609-736), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767,
  • VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:355-370, 377-424, 428-443, 445- 468, 480-607, 609-736), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781 , 791 , 792), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:750, 761 ), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:751 -754, 762-765, 767, 768) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:755); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:335, 427, 470, 471 ), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:336, 337, 472-479), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:373), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:738-741 , 757-760, 780, 781
  • the antibodies of the present disclosure may comprise polyclonal antibodies.
  • Polyclonal antibodies can be raised in a mammal, for example, by one or more injections of an immunizing agent and, if desired, an adjuvant.
  • the immunizing agent and/or adjuvant will be injected in the mammal by multiple subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections.
  • the immunizing agent may include the C16orf54 polypeptide or a fusion protein thereof. It may be useful to conjugate the immunizing agent to a protein known to be immunogenic in the mammal being immunized. Examples of such immunogenic proteins include but are not limited to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, serum albumin, bovine thyroglobulin, and soybean trypsin inhibitor.
  • adjuvants examples include Freund's complete adjuvant and MPL-TDM adjuvant (monophosphoryl Lipid A, synthetic trehalose dicorynomycolate).
  • the immunization protocol may be selected by one skilled in the art without undue experimentation.
  • the mammal can then be bled, and the serum assayed for C16orf54 antibody titer. If desired, the mammal can be boosted until the antibody titer increases or plateaus.
  • the antibodies of the present disclosure may alternatively be monoclonal antibodies.
  • Monoclonal antibodies may be made using the hybridoma method first described by Kohler et al., Nature, 256:495 (1975), or may be made by recombinant DNA methods (see, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 4,816,567).
  • lymphocytes In the hybridoma method, a mouse or other appropriate host animal, such as a hamster, is immunized as described above to elicit lymphocytes that produce or are capable of producing antibodies that will specifically bind to the protein used for immunization.
  • lymphocytes may be immunized in vitro. After immunization, lymphocytes are isolated and then fused with a myeloma cell line using a suitable fusing agent, such as polyethylene glycol, to form a hybridoma cell (Goding, Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice, pp.59-103 (Academic Press, 1986)).
  • the hybridoma cells thus prepared are seeded and grown in a suitable culture medium which medium preferably contains one or more substances that inhibit the growth or survival of the unfused, parental myeloma cells (also referred to as fusion partner).
  • a suitable culture medium which medium preferably contains one or more substances that inhibit the growth or survival of the unfused, parental myeloma cells (also referred to as fusion partner).
  • the parental myeloma cells lack the enzyme hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT or HPRT)
  • HGPRT or HPRT the selective culture medium for the hybridomas typically will include hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine (HAT medium), which substances prevent the growth of HGPRT-deficient cells.
  • Preferred fusion partner myeloma cells are those that fuse efficiently, support stable high-level production of antibody by the selected antibody-producing cells, and are sensitive to a selective medium that selects against the unfused parental cells.
  • Preferred myeloma cell lines are murine myeloma lines, such as those derived from MOPC-21 and MPC-1 1 mouse tumors available from the Salk Institute Cell Distribution Center, San Diego, California USA, and SP-2 and derivatives e.g., X63- Ag8-653 cells available from the American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia, USA.
  • Culture medium in which hybridoma cells are growing is assayed for production of monoclonal antibodies directed against the antigen.
  • the binding specificity of monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridoma cells is determined by immunoprecipitation or by an in vitro binding assay, such as radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  • RIA radioimmunoassay
  • ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • the binding affinity of the monoclonal antibody can, for example, be determined by the Scatchard analysis described in Munson et al., Anal. Biochem., 107:220 (1980).
  • the clones may be subcloned by limiting dilution procedures and grown by standard methods (Goding, Monoclonal Antibodies:
  • Suitable culture media for this purpose include, for example, D-MEM or RPMI-1640 medium.
  • the hybridoma cells may be grown in vivo as ascites tumors in an animal e.g., by i.p. injection of the cells into mice.
  • the monoclonal antibodies secreted by the subclones are suitably separated from the culture medium, ascites fluid, or serum by conventional antibody purification procedures such as, for example, affinity chromatography ⁇ e.g., using protein A or protein G-Sepharose) or ion-exchange chromatography, hydroxylapatite
  • DNA encoding the monoclonal antibodies is readily isolated and sequenced using conventional procedures ⁇ e.g., by using oligonucleotide probes that are capable of binding specifically to genes encoding the heavy and light chains of murine antibodies).
  • the hybridoma cells serve as a preferred source of such DNA.
  • the DNA may be placed into expression vectors, which are then transfected into host cells such as E. coli cells, simian COS cells, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, or myeloma cells that do not otherwise produce antibody protein, to obtain the synthesis of monoclonal antibodies in the recombinant host cells.
  • an antibody that binds a C16orf54 epitope comprises an amino acid sequence of a VH domain and/or an amino acid sequence of a VL domain encoded by a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes to (1 ) the complement of a nucleotide sequence encoding any one of the VH and/or VL domain depicted herein under stringent conditions ⁇ e.g., hybridization to filter-bound DNA in 6x sodium chloride/sodium citrate (SSC) at about 45° C followed by one or more washes in 0.2xSSC/0.1 % SDS at about 50-65° C) under highly stringent conditions ⁇ e.g., hybridization to filter-bound nucleic acid in 6xSSC at about 45° C followed by one or more washes in 0.1 xSSC/0.2% SDS at about 68° C), or under other stringent hybridization conditions which are known to those of skill in the art (see, for example, Ausubel, F.M.
  • an antibody that binds a C16orf54 epitope comprises an amino acid sequence of a VH CDR or an amino acid sequence of a VL CDR encoded by a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes to the complement of a nucleotide sequence encoding any one of the VH CDRs and/or VL CDRs depicted in Tables 1 - 29 under stringent conditions ⁇ e.g., hybridization to filter-bound DNA in 6X SSC at about 45° C followed by one or more washes in 0.2X SSC/0.1 % SDS at about 50- 65° C), under highly stringent conditions ⁇ e.g., hybridization to filter-bound nucleic acid in 6X SSC at about 45° C followed by one or more washes in 0.1 X SSC/0.2% SDS at about 68° C), or under other stringent hybridization conditions which are known to those of skill in the art (see, for example, Ausubel, F.M. et al.,
  • monoclonal antibodies or antibody fragments can be isolated from antibody phage libraries generated using the techniques described in, e.g., Antibody Phage Display: Methods and Protocols, P.M. O'Brien and R. Aitken, eds, Humana Press, Totawa N.J., 2002.
  • synthetic antibody clones are selected by screening phage libraries containing phage that display various fragments of antibody variable region (Fv) fused to phage coat protein. Such phage libraries are screened for against the desired antigen. Clones expressing Fv fragments capable of binding to the desired antigen are adsorbed to the antigen and thus separated from the non-binding clones in the library. The binding clones are then eluted from the antigen, and can be further enriched by additional cycles of antigen adsorption/elution.
  • Fv antibody variable region
  • Variable domains can be displayed functionally on phage, either as single- chain Fv (scFv) fragments, in which VH and VL are covalently linked through a short, flexible peptide, or as Fab fragments, in which they are each fused to a constant domain and interact non-covalently, as described in Winter et al., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 12: 433-455 (1994).
  • scFv single-chain Fv
  • Repertoires of VH and VL genes can be separately cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and recombined randomly in phage libraries, which can then be searched for antigen-binding clones as described in Winter et al., supra.
  • Libraries from immunized sources provide high-affinity antibodies to the immunogen without the requirement of constructing hybridomas.
  • the naive repertoire can be cloned to provide a single source of human antibodies to a wide range of non-self and also self antigens without any immunization as described by Griffiths et al.,
  • naive libraries can also be made synthetically by cloning the unrearranged V-gene segments from stem cells, and using PCR primers containing random sequence to encode the highly variable CDR3 regions and to accomplish rearrangement in vitro as described by Hoogenboom and Winter, J. Mol. Biol., 227: 381 -388 (1992).
  • C16orf54 can be used to coat the wells of adsorption plates, expressed on host cells affixed to adsorption plates or used in cell sorting, or conjugated to biotin for capture with streptavid in-coated beads, or used in any other method for panning display libraries.
  • dissociation kinetics can be promoted by use of long washes and monovalent phage display as described in Bass et ai, Proteins, 8: 309- 314 (1990) and in WO 92/09690, and a low coating density of antigen as described in Marks et ai, Biotechnol., 10: 779-783 (1992).
  • any of the anti-C16orf54 antibodies of the present disclosure can be obtained by designing a suitable antigen screening procedure to select for the phage clone of interest followed by construction of a full length anti-C16orf54 antibody clone using the Fv sequences from the phage clone of interest and suitable constant region (Fc) sequences described in Kabat et ai., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, NIH Publication 91 -3242, Bethesda MD (1991 ), vols. 1 -3.
  • Fc constant region
  • the present present disclosure encompasses antibody fragments.
  • antibody fragments In certain circumstances there are advantages of using antibody fragments, rather than whole antibodies.
  • the smaller size of the fragments allows for rapid clearance, and may lead to improved access to solid tumors.
  • F(ab')2 fragments can be isolated directly from recombinant host cell culture.
  • Fab and F(ab')2 fragment with increased in vivo half-life comprising salvage receptor binding epitope residues are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,869,046.
  • Other techniques for the production of antibody fragments will be apparent to the skilled practitioner.
  • an antibody is a single chain Fv fragment (scFv). See WO 93/16185; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,571 ,894; and 5,587,458.
  • Fv and scFv are the only species with intact combining sites that are devoid of constant regions; thus, they may be suitable for reduced nonspecific binding during in vivo use.
  • scFv fusion proteins may be constructed to yield fusion of an effector protein at either the amino or the carboxy terminus of an scFv. See Antibody Engineering, ed. Borrebaeck, supra.
  • the antibody fragment may also be a "linear antibody", e.g., as described for example, in the references cited before. Such linear antibodies may be monospecific or multi-specific, such as bispecific.
  • V domains The separate variable domains (V domains) also termed single variable domain antibodies (SdAbs).
  • V-like domains mounted on an Fc equivalent domain structure as part of their immune system.
  • the V-like domains typically display long surface loops, which allow penetration of cavities of target antigens. They also stabilize isolated VH domains by masking hydrophobic surface patches.
  • Antibodies provided herein include, but are not limited to, synthetic antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, recombinantly produced antibodies, multispecific antibodies (including bi-specific antibodies), human antibodies, humanized antibodies, camelized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, intrabodies, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies, and functional ⁇ e.g., C16orf54 binding) fragments of any of the above.
  • functional ⁇ e.g., C16orf54 binding) fragments include single-chain Fvs (scFv) ⁇ e.g., including monospecific, bispecific, etc.), Fab
  • fragments F(ab') fragments, F(ab)2 fragments, F(ab')2 fragments, disulfide-linked Fvs (sdFv), Fd fragments, Fv fragments, diabody, triabody, tetrabody and minibody.
  • antibodies provided herein include immunoglobulin molecules and immunologically active portions of immunoglobulin molecules, e.g., molecules that contain an antigen binding site that bind to a C16orf54 epitope.
  • immunoglobulin molecules provided herein can be of any type ⁇ e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA and IgY), class ⁇ e.g., lgG1 , lgG2, lgG3, lgG4, lgA1 and lgA2) or subclass of immunoglobulin molecule.
  • Variants and derivatives of antibodies include antibody functional fragments that retain the ability to bind to a C16orf54 epitope.
  • Exemplary functional ⁇ e.g., C16orf54 binding) fragments include Fab fragments (an antibody fragment that contains the antigen-binding domain and comprises a light chain and part of a heavy chain bridged by a disulfide bond); Fab' (an antibody fragment containing a single anti-binding domain comprising an Fab and an additional portion of the heavy chain through the hinge region); F(ab')2 (two Fab' molecules joined by interchain disulfide bonds in the hinge regions of the heavy chains; the Fab' molecules may be directed toward the same or different epitopes); a bispecific Fab (a Fab molecule having two antigen binding domains, each of which may be directed to a different epitope); a single chain Fab chain comprising a variable region, also known as, a sFv (the variable, antigen-binding determinative region of a single light and
  • Derivatives of antibodies also include one or more CDR sequences of an antibody combining site.
  • the CDR sequences may be linked together on a scaffold when two or more CDR sequences are present.
  • the antibody comprises a single- chain Fv ("scFv").
  • scFvs are antibody fragments comprising the VH and VL domains of an antibody, wherein these domains are present in a single polypeptide chain.
  • the scFv polypeptide further comprises a polypeptide linker between the VH and VL domains which enables the scFv to form the desired structure for antigen binding.
  • a humanized antibody can have one or more amino acid residues introduced into it from a source that is non-human. These non-human amino acid residues are often referred to as "import" residues, which are typically taken from an "import” variable domain. Humanization can be essentially performed following the method of Winter and co-workers (Jones et al. (1986) Nature 321 :522-525; Riechmann et al. (1988) Nature 332:323-327; Verhoeyen et al. (1988) Science 239:1534-1536), by Winter and co-workers (Jones et al. (1986) Nature 321 :522-525; Riechmann et al. (1988) Nature 332:323-327; Verhoeyen et al. (1988) Science 239:1534-1536), by Winter and co-workers (Jones et al. (1986) Nature 321 :522-525; Riechmann et al. (1988
  • the humanized antibodies are constructed by CDR grafting, in which the amino acid sequences of the six complementarity determining regions
  • CDRs of the parent rodent antibody are grafted onto a human antibody framework.
  • Padlan et al. ⁇ FASEB J. 9:133-139, 1995) determined that only about one third of the residues in the CDRs actually contact the antigen, and termed these the "specificity determining residues," or SDRs.
  • SDRs specificity determining residues
  • SDR grafting only the SDR residues are grafted onto the human antibody framework (Kashmiri et al., Methods 36: 25-34, 2005).
  • variable domains both light and heavy
  • the choice of human variable domains, both light and heavy, to be used in making the humanized antibodies can be important to reduce antigenicity.
  • the sequence of the variable domain of a rodent antibody is screened against the entire library of known human variable- domain sequences.
  • the human sequence which is closest to that of the rodent is then accepted as the human framework for the humanized antibody (Sims et al. (1993) J. Immunol. 151 :2296; Chothia et al. (1987) J. Mol. Biol. 196:901 .
  • Another method uses a particular framework derived from the consensus sequence of all human antibodies of a particular subgroup of light or heavy chains. The same framework may be used for several different humanized antibodies (Carter et al. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
  • the framework is derived from the consensus sequences of the most abundant human subclasses, V L 6 subgroup I (V L 6I) and V H subgroup III (V H III).
  • V L 6I V L 6 subgroup I
  • V H III V H III
  • FR homology is irrelevant.
  • the method consists of comparison of the non-human sequence with the functional human germline gene repertoire. Those genes encoding the same or closely related canonical structures to the murine sequences are then selected. Next, within the genes sharing the canonical structures with the non-human antibody, those with highest homology within the CDRs are chosen as FR donors. Finally, the non-human CDRs are grafted onto these FRs. (Tan et ai, J. Immunol. 169: 1 1 19-1 125, 2002).
  • humanized antibodies are prepared by a process of analysis of the parental sequences and various conceptual humanized products using three-dimensional models of the parental and humanized sequences.
  • Three- dimensional immunoglobulin models are commonly available and are familiar to those skilled in the art.
  • Computer programs are available which illustrate and display probable three-dimensional conformational structures of selected candidate immunoglobulin sequences. These include, for example, WAM (Whitelegg and Rees, Protein Eng. 13: 819-824, 2000), Modeller (Sali and Blundell, J. Mol. Biol.
  • FR residues can be selected and combined from the recipient and import sequences so that the desired antibody characteristic, such as increased affinity for the target antigen(s), is achieved.
  • the hypervariable region residues are directly and most substantially involved in influencing antigen binding.
  • HSC Human String Content
  • Antibody variants may be isolated from phage, ribosome and yeast display libraries as well as by bacterial colony screening.
  • Hoogenboom Nat. Biotechnol. 23: 1 105-1 1 16, 2005; Dufner et ai, Trends Biotechnol. 24: 523-529, 2006; Feldhaus et ai, Nat. Biotechnol. 21 : 163-70, 2003; Schlapschy et ai, Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 17: 847-60, 2004).
  • residues to be substituted may include some or all of the "Vernier" residues identified as potentially contributing to CDR structure (Foote and Winter, J. Mol. Biol. 224: 487-499, 1992), or from the more limited set of target residues identied by Baca et ai ⁇ J. Biol. Chem. 272: 10678-10684, 1997).
  • FR shuffling whole FRs are combined with the non-human CDRs instead of creating combinatorial libraries of selected residue variants.
  • the libraries may be screened for binding in a two-step selection process, first humanizing VL, followed by VH.
  • a one-step FR shuffling process may be used. Such a process has been shown to be more efficient than the two-step screening, as the resulting antibodies exhibited improved biochemical and physico-chemical properties including enhanced expression, increased affinity and thermal stability (Damschroder et ai, Mol. Immunol. 44: 3049- 60, 2007).
  • the "humaneering" method is based on experimental identification of essential minimum specificity determinants (MSDs) and is based on sequential replacement of non-human fragments into libraries of human FRs and assessment of binding. It begins with regions of the CDR-3 of non-human VH and VL chains and progressively replaces other regions of the non-human antibody into the human FRs, including the CDR-1 and CDR-2 of both VH and VL. This methodology typically results in epitope retention and identification of antibodies from multiple sub-classes with distinct human V-segment CDRs. Humaneering allows for isolation of antibodies that are 91 -96 % homologous to human germline gene antibodies.
  • Human anti-C16orf54 antibodies of the present disclosure can be constructed by combining Fv clone variable domain sequence(s) selected from human-derived phage display libraries with known human constant domain sequences(s) as described above.
  • human monoclonal anti-C16orf54 antibodies of the present disclosure can be made by the hybridoma method. Human myeloma and mouse-human heteromyeloma cell lines for the production of human monoclonal antibodies have been described, for example, by Kozbor J. Immunol., 133: 3001 (1984); Brön et ai, Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and
  • transgenic animals e.g., mice
  • transgenic mice that are capable, upon immunization, of producing a full repertoire of human antibodies in the absence of endogenous immunoglobulin production.
  • Transgenic mice that express human antibody repertoires have been used to generate high-affinity human sequence monoclonal antibodies against a wide variety of potential drug targets. See, e.g., Jakobovits, A., Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 1995, 6(5):561 -6; Bruggemann and Taussing, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 1997, 8(4):455-8; U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,075,181 and 6,150,584; and Lonberg et ai, Nature Biotechnol. 23: 1 1 17-1 125, 2005).
  • the human antibody may be prepared via immortalization of human B lymphocytes producing an antibody directed against a target antigen (such B lymphocytes may be recovered from an individual or may have been immunized in vitro). See, e.g., Cole et ai, Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, p. 77 (1985); Boerner et ai, J. Immunol., 147 (1 ):86-95 (1991 ); and US Pat No. 5,750,373.
  • Gene shuffling can also be used to derive human antibodies from non-human, e.g., rodent, antibodies, where the human antibody has similar affinities and specificities to the starting non-human antibody.
  • this method which is also called “epitope imprinting” or “guided selection”
  • either the heavy or light chain variable region of a non-human antibody fragment obtained by phage display techniques as described herein is replaced with a repertoire of human V domain genes, creating a population of non-human chain/human chain scFv or Fab chimeras.
  • CDR retention can be applied (Klimka et ai, Br. J. Cancer., 83, 252-260, 2000; Beiboer et ai, J. Mol. Biol., 296, 833-49, 2000)
  • the non-human CDR-H3 is commonly retained, as this CDR is at the center of the antigen-binding site and has proven to be the most important region of the antibody for antigen recognition.
  • CDR-H3 and CDR-L3, as well as CDR-H3, CDR-L3 and CDR- L2 of the non-human antibody may be retained.
  • Bispecific antibodies are monoclonal antibodies that have binding specificities for at least two different antigens. In certain embodiments, bispecific antibodies are human or humanized antibodies. In certain embodiments, one of the binding specificities is for C16orf54 and the other is for any other antigen. In some embodiments, one of the binding specificities is for C16orf54, and the other is for a surface antigen expressed on leukemia cells, including but not limited to CD5, CD1 1 a, CD20, CD23, CD27, CD33, CD38, CD48, CD49d, CD52, CD62L, and CD100.
  • one arm of the bispecific antibody specifically binds to C16orf54 and the other arm has the binding specificity of a known antibody used to treat CLL (for example, alemtuzumab, rituximab, ofatumumab, or lumiliximab) or AML (for example, gemtuzumab).
  • bispecific antibodies may bind to two different epitopes of C16orf54. Bispecific antibodies may also be used to localize cytotoxic agents to cells that express C16orf54.
  • bispecific antibodies possess a C16orf54-binding arm and an arm which binds a cytotoxic agent, such as, e.g., saporin, anti-interferon-a, vinca alkaloid, ricin A chain, methotrexate or radioactive isotope hapten.
  • cytotoxic agent such as, e.g., saporin, anti-interferon-a, vinca alkaloid, ricin A chain, methotrexate or radioactive isotope hapten.
  • Bispecific antibodies can be prepared as full length antibodies or antibody fragments (e.g., F(ab')2 bispecific antibodies).
  • bispecific antibodies are known in the art, such as, for example, by co-expression of two immunoglobulin heavy chain-light chain pairs, where the two heavy chains have different specificities (Milstein and Cuello, Nature, 305: 537 (1983)).
  • Bispecific Antibodies Kontermann, ed., Springer-Verlag, Hiedelberg (201 1 ).
  • a multivalent antibody may be internalized (and/or catabolized) faster than a bivalent antibody by a cell expressing an antigen to which the antibodies bind.
  • the antibodies of the present present disclosure can be multivalent antibodies (which are other than of the IgM class) with three or more antigen binding sites ⁇ e.g., tetravalent antibodies), which can be readily produced by recombinant expression of nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide chains of the antibody.
  • the multivalent antibody can comprise a dimerization domain and three or more antigen binding sites.
  • the dimerization domain comprises (or consists of) an Fc region or a hinge region.
  • the antibody will comprise an Fc region and three or more antigen binding sites amino-terminal to the Fc region.
  • a multivalent antibody comprises (or consists of) three to about eight antigen binding sites.
  • a multivalent antibody comprises (or consists of) four antigen binding sites.
  • the multivalent antibody comprises at least one polypeptide chain (for example, two polypeptide chains), wherein the polypeptide chain(s) comprise two or more variable domains.
  • the polypeptide chain(s) may comprise VD1 -(X1 )n -VD2-(X2)n -Fc, wherein VD1 is a first variable domain, VD2 is a second variable domain, Fc is one polypeptide chain of an Fc region, X1 and X2 represent an amino acid or polypeptide, and n is 0 or 1 .
  • the polypeptide chain(s) may comprise: VH-CH1 -flexible linker-VH-CH1 -Fc region chain; or VH-CH1 -VH-CH1 -Fc region chain.
  • the multivalent antibody herein may further comprise at least two (for example, four) light chain variable domain polypeptides.
  • the multivalent antibody herein may, for instance, comprise from about two to about eight light chain variable domain polypeptides.
  • the light chain variable domain polypeptides contemplated here comprise a light chain variable domain and, optionally, further comprise a CL domain.
  • ADCC antigen-dependent cell-mediated cyotoxicity
  • CDC complement dependent cytotoxicity
  • cysteine residue(s) may be introduced in the Fc region, thereby allowing interchain disulfide bond formation in this region.
  • the homodimeric antibody thus generated may have improved internalization capability and/or increased complement-mediated cell killing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). See Caron et ai, J. Exp Med. 176:1 191 -1 195 (1992) and Shopes, B. J. Immunol. 148:2918-2922 (1992).
  • Homodimeric antibodies with enhanced anti-tumor activity may also be prepared using heterobifunctional cross- linkers as described in Wolff et al., Cancer Research 53:2560-2565 (1993).
  • an antibody can be engineered which has dual Fc regions and may thereby have enhanced complement lysis and ADCC capabilities. See Stevenson et al., Anti-Cancer Drug Design 3:219-230 (1989).
  • a salvage receptor binding epitope into the antibody (especially an antibody fragment) as described in U.S. Patent 5,739,277, for example.
  • the term "salvage receptor binding epitope” refers to an epitope of the Fc region of an IgG molecule (e.g., ⁇ gG- ⁇ , lgG 2 , lgG3, or lgG 4 ) that is responsible for increasing the in vivo serum half-life of the IgG molecule.
  • the present disclosure encompasses non-immunoglobulin binding agents that specifically bind to the same epitope as an anti-C16orf54 antibody disclosed herein.
  • a binding agent is identified an agent that displaces or is displaced by an anti-C16orf54 antibody of the present disclosure in a competive binding assay.
  • binding agents may include, for example, any of the engineered protein scaffolds known in the art.
  • Such scaffolds include, for example, anticalins, which are based upon the lipocalin scaffold, a protein structure
  • Suitable scaffolds may include, for example, adnectins, or monobodies, based on the tenth
  • amino acid sequence modification(s) of the antibodies described herein are contemplated.
  • it may be desirable to improve the binding affinity and/or other biological properties of the antibody including but not limited to specificity, thermostability, expression level, effector functions,
  • anti-C16orf54 antibody variants can be prepared.
  • Anti-C16orf54 antibody variants can be prepared by introducing appropriate nucleotide changes into the encoding DNA, and/or by synthesis of the desired antibody or polypeptide. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that amino acid changes may alter post-translational processes of the anti-C16orf54 antibody, such as changing the number or position of glycosylation sites or altering the membrane anchoring characteristics.
  • antibodies provided herein are chemically modified, e.g., by the covalent attachment of any type of molecule to the antibody.
  • the antibody derivatives include antibodies that have been chemically modified, e.g., by glycosylation, acetylation, pegylation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization by known protecting/blocking groups, proteolytic cleavage, linkage to a cellular ligand or other protein, etc. Any of numerous chemical modifications may be carried out by known techniques, including, but not limited to specific chemical cleavage, acetylation, formulation, metabolic synthesis of tunicamycin, etc. Additionally, the antibody may contain one or more non-classical amino acids.
  • Variations may be a substitution, deletion or insertion of one or more codons encoding the antibody or polypeptide that results in a change in the amino acid sequence as compared with the native sequence antibody or polypeptide.
  • Amino acid substitutions can be the result of replacing one amino acid with another amino acid having similar structural and/or chemical properties, such as the replacement of a leucine with a serine, e.g., conservative amino acid replacements.
  • Insertions or deletions may optionally be in the range of about 1 to 5 amino acids.
  • the substitution, deletion or insertion includes less than 25 amino acid substitutions, less than 20 amino acid substitutions, less than 15 amino acid substitutions, less than 10 amino acid substitutions, less than 5 amino acid
  • substitutions or less than 2 amino acid substitutions relative to the original molecule.
  • the substitution is a conservative amino acid substitution made at one or more predicted non-essential amino acid residues.
  • the variation allowed may be determined by systematically making insertions, deletions or substitutions of amino acids in the sequence and testing the resulting variants for activity exhibited by the full-length or mature native sequence.
  • the substitution, deletion or insertion can be at a variable amino acid residue, such as the one or more residues designate "X" as identified in Tables 1 , 3 and 4.
  • Amino acid sequence insertions include amino- and/or carboxyl-terminal fusions ranging in length from one residue to polypeptides containing a hundred or more residues, as well as intrasequence insertions of single or multiple amino acid residues.
  • terminal insertions include an antibody with an N-terminal methionyl residue.
  • Other insertional variants of the antibody molecule include the fusion to the N- or C-terminus of the antibody to an enzyme ⁇ e.g., for antibody- directed enzyme prodrug therapy) or a polypeptide which increases the serum half- life of the antibody.
  • Substantial modifications in the biological properties of the antibody are accomplished by selecting substitutions that differ significantly in their effect on maintaining (a) the structure of the polypeptide backbone in the area of the substitution, for example, as a sheet or helical conformation, (b) the charge or hydrophobicity of the molecule at the target site, or (c) the bulk of the side chain.
  • Amino acids may be grouped according to similarities in the properties of their side chains (in A. L. Lehninger, in Biochemistry, 2nd Ed., pp. 73-75, Worth Publishers, New York (1975)):
  • an antibody or fragment thereof that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of a murine monoclonal antibody described herein.
  • an antibody or fragment thereof that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% identical to an amino acid sequence depicted in Tables 1 -29.
  • an antibody or fragment thereof that binds to a C16orf54 epitope comprises a VH CDR and/or a VL CDR amino acid sequence that is at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% identical to a VH CDR amino acid sequence depicted in Tables 1 -29 and/or a VL CDR amino acid sequence depicted in Tables 1 -6, 10, 12-22, 24, 25 and 29.
  • the variations can be made using methods known in the art such as
  • oligonucleotide-mediated (site-directed) mutagenesis oligonucleotide-mediated (site-directed) mutagenesis, alanine scanning, and PCR mutagenesis.
  • Site-directed mutagenesis Carter et ai, Nucl. Acids Res., 13:4331 (1986); Zoller et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 10:6487 (1987)
  • cassette mutagenesis Wells et al., Gene, 34:315 (1985)
  • restriction selection mutagenesis Wells et al., Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London SerA, 317:415 (1986)
  • other known techniques can be performed on the cloned DNA to produce the anti-C16orf54 antibody variant DNA.
  • cysteine residue not involved in maintaining the proper conformation of the anti-C16orf54 antibody also may be substituted, generally with serine, to improve the oxidative stability of the molecule and prevent aberrant crosslinking.
  • cysteine bond(s) may be added to the anti-C16orf54 antibody to improve its stability (particularly where the antibody is an antibody fragment such as an Fv fragment).
  • Cysteine-engineered antibodies which can be used to generate antibody-drug conjugates, are described, for example, in WO 2006/034488.
  • an anti-C16orf54 antibody molecule of the present disclosure is a "de-immunized” antibody.
  • a “de-immunized” anti-C16orf54 antibody is an antibody derived from a humanized or chimeric anti-C16orf54 antibody, that has one or more alterations in its amino acid sequence resulting in a reduction of immunogenicity of the antibody, compared to the respective original non-de- immunized antibody.
  • One of the procedures for generating such antibody mutants involves the identification and removal of T-cell epitopes of the antibody molecule.
  • the immunogenicity of the antibody molecule can be determined by several methods, e.g., by in vitro determination of T-cell epitopes or in silico prediction of such epitopes, as known in the art. Once the critical residues for T-cell epitope function have been identified, mutations can be made to remove
  • antibody variants having an improved property such as affinity, stability, or expression level as compared to a parent antibody is in vitro affinity maturation.
  • in vitro affinity maturation is based on the principles of mutation and selection.
  • Libraries of antibodies are displayed as Fab, scFv or V domain fragments either on the surface of an organism ⁇ e.g., phage, bacteria, yeast or mammalian cell) or in association (covalently or non-covalently) with their encoding mRNA or DNA.
  • Affinity selection of the displayed antibodies allows isolation of organisms or complexes carrying the genetic information encoding the antibodies.
  • Two or three rounds of mutation and selection using display methods such as phage display usually results in antibody fragments with affinities in the low nanomolar range.
  • Preferred affinity matured antibodies will have nanomolar or even picomolar affinities for the target antigen.
  • Phage display is the most widepread method for display and selection of antibodies. The antibodies are displayed on the surface of Fd or M13
  • bacteriophages as fusions to the bacteriophage coat protein. Selection involves exposure to antigen to allow phage-displayed antibodies to bind their targets, a process referred to as "panning.” Phage bound to antigen are recovered and infected in bacteria to produce phage for further rounds of selection. For review, see Hoogenboom, Methods. Mol. Biol. 178: 1 -37, 2002; Bradbury and Marks, J. Immuno. Methods 290: 29-49, 2004).
  • the antibody is displayed as single- chain variable fusions (scFv) in which the heavy and light chains are connected by a flexible linker.
  • the scFv is fused to the adhesion subunit of the yeast agglutinin protein Aga2p, which attaches to the yeast cell wall through disulfide bonds to Aga1 p.
  • Display of a protein via Aga2p projects the protein away from the cell surface, minimizing potential interactions with other molecules on the yeast cell wall. Magnetic separation and flow cytometry are used to screen the library to select for antibodies with improved affinity or stability.
  • Binding to a soluble antigen of interest is determined by labeling of yeast with biotinylated antigen and a secondary reagent such as streptavidin conjugated to a fluorophore. Variations in surface expression of the antibody can be measured through immunofluorescence labeling of either the hemagglutinin or c-Myc epitope tag flanking the scFv. Expression has been shown to correlate with the stability of the displayed protein, and thus antibodies can be selected for improved stability as well as affinity (Shusta et al., J. Mol. Biol. 292: 949- 956, 1999).
  • yeast display An additional advantage of yeast display is that displayed proteins are folded in the endoplasmic reticulum of the eukaryotic yeast cells, taking advantage of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and quality-control machinery. Once maturation is complete, antibody affinity can be conveniently 'titrated' while displayed on the surface of the yeast, eliminating the need for expression and purification of each clone.
  • a theoretical limitation of yeast surface display is the potentially smaller functional library size than that of other display methods; however, a recent approach uses the yeast cells' mating system to create combinatorial diversity estimated to be 10 14 in size (US Patent Publication 2003/0186,374; Blaise et ai, Gene 342: 21 1-218, 2004).
  • antibody-hbosome-nnRNA (ARM) complexes are generated for selection in a cell-free system.
  • the DNA library coding for a particular library of antibodies is genetically fused to a spacer sequence lacking a stop codon. This spacer sequence, when translated, is still attached to the peptidyl tRNA and occupies the ribosomal tunnel, and thus allows the protein of interest to protrude out of the ribosome and fold.
  • the resulting complex of mRNA, hbosome, and protein can bind to surface-bound ligand, allowing simultaneous isolation of the antibody and its encoding mRNA through affinity capture with the ligand.
  • ribosome-bound mRNA is then reversed transcribed back into cDNA, which can then undergo mutagenesis and be used in the next round of selection.
  • cDNA nucleic Acids Res. 34, e127, 2006.
  • mRNA display a covalent bond between antibody and mRNA is established using puromycin as an adaptor molecule (Wilson et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 3750-3755, 2001 ).
  • the diversity of the library is not limited by the transformation efficiency of bacterial cells, but only by the number of ribosomes and different mRNA molecules present in the test tube.
  • random mutations can be introduced easily after each selection round, for example, by non- proofreading polymerases, as no library must be transformed after any diversification step.
  • Diversity may be introduced into the CDRs or the whole V genes of the antibody libraries in a targeted manner or via random introduction.
  • the former approach includes sequentially targeting all the CDRs of an antibody via a high or low level of mutagenesis or targeting isolated hot spots of somatic hypermutations (Ho, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 280: 607-617, 2005) or residues suspected of affecting affinity on experimental basis or structural reasons.
  • Random mutations can be introduced throughout the whole V gene using E. coli mutator strains, error-prone replication with DNA polymerases (Hawkins et ai, J. Mol. Biol. 226: 889-896, 1992) or RNA replicases.
  • Diversity may also be introduced by replacement of regions that are naturally diverse via DNA shuffling or similar techniques ((Lu et al., J. Biol.
  • C16orf54 can be immobilized onto solid supports, columns, pins or cellulose/poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes/ other filters, expressed on host cells affixed to adsorption plates or used in cell sorting, or conjugated to biotin for capture with streptavid in-coated beads, or used in any other method for panning display libraries.
  • Covalent modifications of anti-C16orf54 antibodies are included within the scope of this present disclosure. Covalent modifications include reacting targeted amino acid residues of an anti-C16orf54 antibody with an organic derivatizing agent that is capable of reacting with selected side chains or the N- or C- terminal residues of the anti-C16orf54 antibody. Other modifications include deamidation of glutaminyl and asparaginyl residues to the corresponding glutamyl and aspartyl residues, respectively, hydroxylation of proline and lysine, phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of seryl or threonyl residues, methylation of the a-amino groups of lysine, arginine, and histidine side chains (T.E. Creighton, Proteins: Structure and Molecular
  • the anti-C16orf54 antibody of the present present disclosure may also be modified to form chimeric molecules comprising an anti-C16orf54 antibody fused to another, heterologous polypeptide or amino acid sequence, e.g., an epitope tag (Terpe, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 60: 523-533, 2003) or the Fc region of an IgG molecule (Aruffo, "Immunoglobulin fusion proteins" in Antibody Fusion Proteins, S.M. Chamow and A. Ashkenazi, eds., Wiley-Liss, New York, 1999, pp. 221 -242).
  • fusion proteins comprising an antibody provided herein that binds to a C16orf54 antigen and a heterologous polypeptide.
  • the heterologous polypeptide to which the antibody is fused is useful for targeting the antibody to cells having cell surface-expressed C16orf54.
  • panels of antibodies that bind to a C16orf54 antigen.
  • panels of antibodies have different association rate constants different dissociation rate constants, different affinities for C16orf54 antigen, and/or different specificities for a C16orf54 antigen.
  • the panels comprise or consist of about 10, about 25, about 50, about 75, about 100, about 125, about 150, about 175, about 200, about 250, about 300, about 350, about 400, about 450, about 500, about 550, about 600, about 650, about 700, about 750, about 800, about 850, about 900, about 950, or about 1000 antibodies or more.
  • Panels of antibodies can be used, for example, in 96 well or 384 well plates, such as for assays such as ELISAs.
  • Anti-C16orf54 antibodies may be produced by culturing cells transformed or transfected with a vector containing anti-C16orf54 antibody-encoding nucleic acid.
  • Polynucleotide sequences encoding polypeptide components of the antibody of the present disclosure can be obtained using standard recombinant techniques. Desired polynucleotide sequences may be isolated and sequenced from antibody producing cells such as 'ybridomas cells. Alternatively, polynucleotides can be synthesized using nucleotide synthesizer or PCR techniques. Once obtained, sequences encoding the polypeptides are inserted into a recombinant vector capable of replicating and expressing heterologous polynucleotides in host cells.
  • Host cells suitable for expressing antibodies of the present disclosure include prokaryotes such as Archaebacteria and Eubacteria, including Gram-negative or Gram-positive organisms, eukaryotic microbes such as filamentous fungi or yeast, invertebrate cells such as insect or plant cells, and vertebrate cells such as mammalian host cell lines.
  • Host cells are transformed with the above-described expression vectors and cultured in conventional nutrient media modified as appropriate for inducing promoters, selecting transformants, or amplifying the genes encoding the desired sequences.
  • Antibodies produced by the host cells are purified using standard protein purification methods as known in the art.
  • anti-C16orf54 antibodies may be prepared by direct peptide synthesis using solid-phase techniques (see, e.g., Stewart et al., Solid- Phase Peptide Synthesis, W.H. Freeman Co., San Francisco, CA (1969); Merrifield, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 85:2149-2154 (1963)). In vitro protein synthesis may be performed using manual techniques or by automation. Various portions of the anti- C16orf548 antibody may be chemically synthesized separately and combined using chemical or enzymatic methods to produce the desired anti-C16orf54 antibody. Alternatively, antibodies may be purified from cells or bodily fluids, such as milk, of a transgenic animal engineered to express the antibody, as disclosed, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,545,807 and US Pat. No. 5,827,690.
  • the present disclosure also provides immunoconjugates (interchangably referred to as "antibody drug conjugates,” or "ADCs”) comprising any one of the anti- C16orf54 antibodies of the present disclosure covalently bound by a synthetic linker to one or more cytotoxic agents.
  • ADCs combine the high specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the pharmacological potency of cytotoxic molecules, allowing specific targeting of cytotoxic agents to tumor cells and avoiding the nonspecific toxicity of most anti-cancer drugs.
  • ADCs combine the high specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the pharmacological potency of cytotoxic molecules, allowing specific targeting of cytotoxic agents to tumor cells and avoiding the nonspecific toxicity of most anti-cancer drugs.
  • Cytotoxic agents for use in the immunoconjugates of the present disclosure may include chemotherapeutic agents, drugs or growth inhibitory agents as described above, toxins ⁇ e.g., an enzymatically active toxin of bacterial, fungal, plant or animal origin, or fragments thereof) or radioisotopes.
  • the immunoconjugate comprises a DNA binder ⁇ e.g., calicheamycin) or a tubulin depolymerization agent ⁇ e.g., a maytansinoid or an auristatin).
  • the present present disclosure further contemplates an immunoconjugate formed between an antibody and a compound with nucleolytic activity ⁇ e.g., a ribonuclease or a DNA
  • endonuclease such as a deoxyribonuclease; DNase).
  • Enzymatically active toxins and fragments thereof that can be used in the immunoconjugates of the present disclosure include diphtheria A chain, nonbinding active fragments of diphtheria toxin, exotoxin A chain (from Pseudomonas
  • aeruginosa ricin A chain
  • abrin A chain abrin A chain
  • modeccin A chain alpha-sarcin
  • Aleurites fordii proteins dianthin proteins
  • Phytolaca americana proteins PAPI, PAPII, and PAP-S
  • momordica charantia inhibitor curcin, crotin, sapaonaria officinalis inhibitor, gelonin, mitogellin, restrictocin, phenomycin, enomycin, and the tricothecenes. See, e.g., WO 93/21232.
  • radioconjugated antibodies examples include At 211 , I4, I4, Y4, Re4, Re4, Sm4, Bi4, P4, Pb4 and radioactive isotopes of Lu.
  • the conjugate may comprise a radioactive atom for scintigraphic studies, for example tc4 or I4, or a spin label for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging (also known as magnetic resonance imaging, MRI), such as iodine-123 again, iodine-131 , indium-1 1 1 , fluorine-19, carbon-13, nitrogen-15, oxygen-17, gadolinium, manganese or iron.
  • NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
  • the radioisotopes may be incorporated in the conjugate in known ways as described, e.g., in Reilly, "The radiochemistry of monoclonal antibodies and peptides," in Monoclonal Antibody and Peptide-Targeted Radiotherapy of Cancer, R.M. Reilly, ed., Wiley, Hoboken N.J ., 2010.
  • antibodies provided herein are conjugated or recombinantly fused to a diagnostic, detectable or therapeutic agent or any other molecule.
  • the conjugated or recombinantly fused antibodies can be useful, e.g., for monitoring or prognosing the onset, development, progression and/or severity of a C16orf54-mediated disease as part of a clinical testing procedure, such as
  • Such diagnosis and detection can accomplished, for example, by coupling the antibody to detectable substances including, but not limited to, various enzymes, such as, but not limited to, horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, beta- galactosidase, or acetylcholinesterase; prosthetic groups, such as, but not limited to, streptavidin/biotin and avidin/biotin; fluorescent materials, such as, but not limited to, umbelliferone, fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocynate, rhodamine,
  • various enzymes such as, but not limited to, horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, beta- galactosidase, or acetylcholinesterase
  • prosthetic groups such as, but not limited to, streptavidin/biotin and avidin/biotin
  • fluorescent materials such as, but not limited to, umbelliferone, fluorescein, fluorescein is
  • antibodies that are conjugated or recombinantly fused to a therapeutic moiety (or one or more therapeutic moieties), as well as uses thereof.
  • the antibody may be conjugated or recombinantly fused to a therapeutic moiety, such as a cytotoxin, e.g., a cytostatic or cytocidal agent, a therapeutic agent or a radioactive metal ion, e.g., alpha-emitters.
  • a cytotoxin or cytotoxic agent includes any agent that is detrimental to cells.
  • Therapeutic moieties include, but are not limited to, antimetabolites ⁇ e.g., methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, cytarabine, 5-fluorouracil decarbazine); alkylating agents ⁇ e.g., mechlorethamine, thioepa chlorambucil, melphalan, carmustine (BCNU) and lomustine (CCNU), cyclothosphamide, busulfan, dibromomannitol, streptozotocin, mitomycin C, and cisdichlorodiamine platinum (II) (DDP), and cisplatin); anthracyclines ⁇ e.g., daunorubicin (formerly daunomycin) and doxorubicin); antibiotics ⁇ e.g., d actinomycin (formerly actinomycin), bleomycin, mithramycin, and anthramycin (AMC)); Auristatin molecules
  • hormones ⁇ e.g., glucocorticoids, progestins, androgens, and estrogens
  • DNA-repair enzyme inhibitors e.g., etoposide or topotecan
  • kinase inhibitors ⁇ e.g., compound ST1571 , imatinib mesylate (Kantarjian et al., Clin Cancer Res.
  • cytotoxic agents ⁇ e.g., paditaxel, cytochalasin B, gramicidin D, ethidium bromide, emetine, mitomycin, etoposide, tenoposide, vincristine, vinblastine, colchicin, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, dihydroxy anthracin dione, mitoxantrone, mithramycin, actinomycin D, 1 - dehydrotestosterone, glucorticoids, procaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, propranolol, and puromycin and analogs or homologs thereof and those compounds disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • adenosine deaminase inhibitors ⁇ e.g., Fludarabine phosphate and 2- Chlorodeoxyadenosine
  • ibritumomab tiuxetan Zevalin®
  • tositumomab Bexxar®
  • an antibody provided herein may be conjugated or recombinantly fused to a therapeutic moiety or drug moiety that modifies a given biological response.
  • Therapeutic moieties or drug moieties are not to be construed as limited to classical chemical therapeutic agents.
  • the drug moiety may be a protein, peptide, or polypeptide possessing a desired biological activity.
  • Such proteins may include, for example, a toxin such as abrin, ricin A, pseudomonas exotoxin, cholera toxin, or diphtheria toxin; a protein such as tumor necrosis factor, ⁇ -interferon, ⁇ -interferon, nerve growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, tissue plasminogen activator, an apoptotic agent, e.g., TNF- ⁇ , TNF- ⁇ , AIM I (see,
  • an anti-angiogenic agent e.g., angiostatin, endostatin or a component of the coagulation pathway ⁇ e.g., tissue factor
  • a biological response modifier such as, for example, a lymphokine ⁇ e.g., interferon gamma, interleukin-1 ("IL-1 "), interleukin-2 ("IL-2"), interleukin-5 (“IL- 5"), interleukin-6 (“IL-6”), interleukin-7 (“IL-7”), interleukin 9 (“IL-9”), interleukin-10 (“IL-10”), interleukin-12 (“IL-12”), interleukin-15 (“IL-15”), interleukin-23 (“IL-23”), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (“GM-CSF”), and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (“G-CSF” )), or a growth factor ⁇ e.g., growth hormone (“GH”)), or a coagulation agent ⁇ e.g., calcium
  • antibodies that are recombinantly fused or
  • fusion proteins comprising an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody provided herein (e.g., a Fab fragment, Fd fragment, Fv fragment, F(ab)2 fragment, a VH domain, a VH CDR, a VL domain or a VL CDR) and a heterologous protein, polypeptide, or peptide.
  • an antibody e.g., a Fab fragment, Fd fragment, Fv fragment, F(ab)2 fragment, a VH domain, a VH CDR, a VL domain or a VL CDR
  • a heterologous protein polypeptide, or peptide.
  • heterologous protein, polypeptide, or peptide that the antibody is fused to is useful for targeting the antibody to a particular cell type, such as a cell that expresses C16orf54 or an C16orf54 receptor.
  • a particular cell type such as a cell that expresses C16orf54 or an C16orf54 receptor.
  • an antibody that binds to a cell surface receptor expressed by a particular cell type may be fused or conjugated to a modified antibody provided herein.
  • an antibody provided herein can be conjugated to therapeutic moieties such as a radioactive metal ion, such as alpha-emitters such as 213 Bi or macrocyclic chelators useful for conjugating radiometal ions, including but not limited to, 131 ln, 131 LU, 131 Y, 131 Ho, 131 Sm, to polypeptides.
  • the macrocyclic chelator is 1 ,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N",N"'-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) which can be attached to the antibody via a linker molecule.
  • linker molecules are commonly known in the art and described in Denardo et al., 1998,
  • antibodies provided herein can be fused to marker sequences, such as a peptide to facilitate purification.
  • the marker amino acid sequence is a hexa-histidine peptide, such as the tag provided in a pQE vector (QIAGEN, Inc.), among others, many of which are commercially available.
  • hexa-histidine provides for convenient purification of the fusion protein.
  • Other peptide tags useful for purification include, but are not limited to, the hemagglutinin ("HA”) tag, which corresponds to an epitope derived from the influenza
  • polypeptides to antibodies are well known, see, e.g., Arnon et al., "Monoclonal Antibodies For Immunotargeting Of Drugs In Cancer Therapy", in Monoclonal
  • Fusion proteins may be generated, for example, through the techniques of gene-shuffling, motif-shuffling, exon-shuffling, and/or codon-shuffling (collectively referred to as "DNA shuffling").
  • DNA shuffling may be employed to alter the activities of antibodies provided herein ⁇ e.g., antibodies with higher affinities and lower dissociation rates). See, generally, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,605,793, 5,81 1 ,238,
  • Antibodies, or the encoded antibodies may be altered by being subjected to random mutagenesis by error-prone PCR, random nucleotide insertion or other methods prior to recombination.
  • a polynucleotide encoding an antibody provided herein may be recombined with one or more components, motifs, sections, parts, domains, fragments, etc. of one or more heterologous molecules.
  • An antibody provided herein can also be conjugated to a second antibody to form an antibody heteroconjugate as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,676,980, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • the therapeutic moiety or drug conjugated or recombinantly fused to an antibody provided herein that binds to a C16orf54 antigen should be chosen to achieve the desired prophylactic or therapeutic effect(s).
  • the antibody is a modified antibody.
  • a clinician or other medical personnel should consider the following when deciding on which therapeutic moiety or drug to conjugate or recombinantly fuse to an antibody provided herein: the nature of the disease, the severity of the disease, and the condition of the subject.
  • Antibodies provided herein may also be attached to solid supports, which are particularly useful for immunoassays or purification of the target antigen.
  • solid supports include, but are not limited to, glass, cellulose, polyacrylamide, nylon, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene.
  • the linker may be a "cleavable linker" facilitating release of the cytotoxic drug in the cell, but non-cleavable linkers are also contemplated herein.
  • Linkers for use in the immunoconjugates of the present disclosure include without limitation acid labile linkers ⁇ e.g., hydrazone linkers), disulfide-containing linkers, peptidase-sensitive linkers ⁇ e.g., peptide linkers comprising amino acids, for example, valine and/or citrulline such as citrulline-valine or phenylalanine-lysine), photolabile linkers, dimethyl linkers (Chari et al., Cancer Research 52:127-131 (1992); U.S. Patent No. 5,208,020), thioether linkers, or hydrophilic linkers designed to evade multidrug transporter-mediated resistance (Kovtun et al., Cancer Res. 70: 2528-2537, 2010).
  • Conjugates of the antibody and cytotoxic agent may be made using a variety of bifunctional protein coupling agents such as BMPS, EMCS, GMBS, HBVS, LC- SMCC, MBS, MPBH, SBAP, SIA, SIAB, SMCC, SMPB, SMPH, sulfo-EMCS, sulfo- GMBS, sulfo-KMUS, sulfo-MBS, sulfo-SIAB, sulfo-SMCC, and sulfo-SMPB, and SVSB (succinimidyl-(4-vinylsulfone)benzoate)).
  • bifunctional protein coupling agents such as BMPS, EMCS, GMBS, HBVS, LC- SMCC, MBS, MPBH, SBAP, SIA, SIAB, SMCC, SMPB, SMPH, sulfo-EMCS, sulfo- GMBS, sul
  • a ricin immunotoxin can be prepared as described in Vitetta et al., Science 238:1098 (1987).
  • the present disclosure further contemplates that conjugates of antibodies and cytotoxic agents may be prepared using any suitable methods as disclosed in the art, e.g., in Bioconjugate Techniques, 2nd Ed., G.T. Hermanson, ed., Elsevier, San Francisco, 2008.
  • selenocysteine is cotranslationally inserted into an antibody sequence by recoding the stop codon UGA from termination to selenocysteine insertion, allowing site specific covalent conjugation at the nudeophilic selenol group of selenocysteine in the presence of the other natural amino acids (Hofer et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 12451 -12456 (2008); Hofer et al., Biochemistry 48(50): 12047-12057, 2009).
  • Antibody-drug conjugates are provided herein, including an antibody-drug conjugate of the following formulas (la) and (lb):
  • A is a humanized antibody or antibody fragment
  • cysteine residues are from an opened cysteine-cysteine disulfide bond in A;
  • each X and X' is independently O, S, NH, or NR 1 wherein R 1 is Ci-6 alkyl;
  • W b is -NH-, -N(R 1 )-, -CH 2 -, -CH2-IMH-, -CH 2 -N(R 1 )-, -CH2CH2-, -CH(R 2 )-, or -CH 2 CH(R 2 )-; wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently d -6 alkyl; CTX is a cytotoxic agent;
  • R is any chemical group; or R is absent;
  • each L 1 , L 2 and L 3 is independently a linker selected from the group consisting of -0-, -C(O)-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -NH-, -NCH 3 -, -(CH 2 ) q -, -NH(CH 2 ) 2 NH-, -OC(O)-, -CO2-, -NHCH 2 CH 2 C(O)-, -C(O)NHCH 2 CH 2 NH-, -NHCH 2 C(O)-, -NHC(O)-, -C(0)NH-, -NCH 3 C(O)-, -C(O)NCH 3 -, -(CH 2 CH 2 O) p , -(CH 2 CH 2 O)pCH 2 CH 2 -,
  • a, b and c are each independently an integer of 0, 1 , 2 or 3, provided that at least one of a, b or e is 1 ;
  • each k and k' is independently an integer of 0 or 1 ;
  • each p is independently an integer of 1 to 14;
  • each q is independently an integer from 1 to 12;
  • each AA is independently an amino acid
  • each r is 1 to 12;
  • n is an integer of 1 to 4.
  • n is an integer of 1 to 4.
  • the bond represents a single or a double bond.
  • A is a humanized antibody to C16orf54.
  • R is selected from the group consisting of W, (L 1 ) a , (L 2 ) b , (L 3 ) c , Z, W-(L 1 ) a -(L 2 ) b -(l_ 3 )c, (
  • R is selected from the group consisting of W, (L 1 ) a , (L 2 ) b , (L 3 ) c , and W-(L 1 ) a -(L 2 ) b -(L 3 ) c .
  • R is selected from the group consisting of Z, (L 1 ) a -(L 2 ) -(L 3 ) c - Z, and W-(L 1 ) a -(L 2 ) b -(L 3 )c-Z.
  • R is a detectable probe.
  • R is a fluorophore, chromophore, radiolabel, enzyme, antibody or antibody fragment. In certain embodiments, R is an antibody fragment.
  • R is bonded to the rest of the linker molecule via an amide, an N-(Ci-6 alkyl)amide, a carbamate, an N-(Ci-6 alkyl)carbamate, an amine, an N-(Ci-6 alkyl)amine, an ether, a thioether, an urea, an N-(Ci-6 alkyl)urea, or an N,N-di(Ci-6 alkyl)urea bond.
  • CTX is bonded to (L 1 ) a -(L 2 ) b -(L 3 ) c via a group selected from -NHC(O)-,
  • A is a humanized antibody or antibody fragment
  • cysteine residues are from an opened cysteine-cysteine disulfide bond in A;
  • L is a cleavable or a noncleavable linker
  • CTX is cytotoxic agent
  • n is an integer of 1 to 4.
  • A is a humanized antibody to C16orf54.
  • CTX is selected from the group consisting of a tubulin stabilizer, a tubulin destabilizer, a DNA alkylator, a DNA minor groove binder, a DNA intercalator, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, a gyrase inhibitor, a protein synthesis inhibitor, a proteosome inhibitor, and an anti-metabolite.
  • CTX is a chemotherapeutic agent.
  • chemotherapeutic agents as disclosed, for example, in Chu, E., DeVite, V. T., 2012, Physicians' Cancer Chemotherapy Drug Manual 2012 (Jones & Bartlett Learning Oncology), and similar documents.
  • CTX may be any FDA-approved chemotherapeutic agent.
  • CTX may be any FDA-approved chemotherapeutic agent available for cancer treatment.
  • CTX is selected from the group consisting of an alkylating agents, an
  • anthracyclines a cytoskeletal disruptors (taxanes), an epothilones, an histone deacetylase Inhibitor (HDAC), an inhibitor of Topoisomerase I, an Inhibitor of
  • Topoisomerase II a kinase inhibitor, a monoclonal antibodies, a nucleotide analog, a peptide antibiotic, a platinum-based agent, a retinoids, a Vinca alkaloid or a derivative thereof, and radioisotope.
  • CTX is selected from the group consising of Actinomycin, all-trans retinoic acid, Azacitidine, Azathioprine, Bleomycin, Bortezomib, Carboplatin, Capecitabine, Cisplatin, Chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, Docetaxel, Doxifluridine, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Epothilone, Etoposide, Fluorouracil,
  • Gemcitabine Hydroxyurea, Idarubicin, Imatinib, Irinotecan, Mechlorethamine, Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Mitoxantrone, Oxaliplatin, Paclitaxel, Pemetrexed, Teniposide, Tioguanine, Topotecan, Valrubicin, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, and Vinorelbine.
  • CTX is selected from the group consisting of a tubulin stabilizer, a tubulin destabilizer, a DNA alkylator, a DNA minor groove binder, a DNA intercalator, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, a gyrase inhibitor, a protein synthesis inhibitor, a proteosome inhibitor, and an anti-metabolite.
  • CTX is selected from the group consisting of Actinomycin D, Amonafide, an auristatin, benzophenone, benzothiazole, a calicheamicin, Camptothecin, CC-1065 (NSC 298223), Cemadotin, Colchicine, Combretastatin A4, Dolastatin, Doxorubicin, Elinafide, Emtansine (DM1 ), Etoposide, KF-12347 (Leinamycin), a maytansinoid, Methotrexate, Mitoxantrone, Nocodazole, Proteosome Inhibitor 1 (PSI 1 ), Roridin A, T-2 Toxin (trichothecene analog), Taxol, a tubulysin, Velcade®, and Vincristine.
  • Actinomycin D Actinomycin D
  • Amonafide an auristatin
  • benzophenone benzothiazole
  • CTX is an auristatin, a calicheamicin, a maytansinoid, a pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) (monomeric or dimeric), or a tubulysin.
  • CTX is a calicheamicin, doxorubicin, camptothecin, duocarmycin, DM1 , DM4, a maytansinoid, or a tubulysin.
  • CTX is monomethylauristatin E (MMAE), monomethylauristatin F (MMAF), calicheamicin ⁇ , mertansine, tubulysin T3 (T3), or tubulysin T4 (T4).
  • MMAE monomethylauristatin E
  • MMAF monomethylauristatin F
  • T3 tubulysin T3
  • T4 tubulysin T4
  • T3 and T4 are provided below:
  • MMAE and MMAF are provided below:
  • CTX is bonded to L by an amide bond, a carbamate bond, a disulfide bond, an ether bond, a thioether bond, or an ester bond.
  • CTX is bonded to L by an amide bond or a carbamate bond. In certain embodiments of the antibody-drug conjugate of formula (Ic), CTX is an auristatin bonded to L by an amide bond or a carbamate bond. In certain embodiments, CTX is MMAF bonded to L by an amide bond. In certain
  • CTX is MMAE bonded to L by a carbamate bond.
  • CTX is a PBD bonded to L by an amide bond or a carbamate bond.
  • CTX is a calicheamicin, doxorubicin, camptothecin, duocarmycin, DM1 , DM4, a
  • CTX maytansinoid, or a tubulysin, wherein CTX is bonded to L by an amide bond, a carbamate bond, a disulfide bond, an ether bond, a thioether bond, or an ester bond;
  • n is an integer of 2. In certain embodiments, n is an integer of 3. In certain embodiments, n is an integer of 4.
  • CTX is MMAF
  • L is -(CH 2 ) m C(O)-Val-Ala-PAB-O-C(O)-, or -(CH 2 ) m C(O)-Val- Cit-PAB-O-C(O)-, wherein m is an integer of 5 to 1 1 .
  • the antibody-drug conjugate of formula (Ic) is of the following formula:
  • CTX is MMAE
  • L is -(CH 2 ) m C(O)-Val-Ala-PAB-O-C(O)-, or -(CH 2 ) m C(O)-Val- Cit-PAB-O-C(O)-, wherein m is an integer of 5 to 1 1 .
  • the antibody-drug conjugate of formula (Ic) is of the following formula:
  • CTX is a PBD
  • L is a cleavable linker
  • L is -(CH 2 ) m C(O)-Val-Ala-PAB-O-C(O)-, or -(CH 2 ) m C(O)-Val-Cit- PAB-O-C(O)-, wherein m is an integer of 5 to 1 1 .
  • L is -(CH 2 ) 5 C(O)-Val-Ala-PAB-O-C(O)-, or -(CH 2 ) 5 C(O)-Val-Cit- PAB-O-C(O)-, an n is 4.
  • the antibody-drug conjugate of formula (lc) is of one of the following formulas:
  • n 4.
  • the opened cysteine-cysteine disulfide bond in A is an interchain disulfide bond.
  • n is 4 ⁇ e.g., two heavy chain-light chain interchain disulfide bonds and two hinge heavy chain-heavy chain interchain disulfide bonds).
  • the opened cysteine-cysteine disulfide bond in A is an interchain disulfide bond n is 3 ⁇ e.g., two heavy chain-light chain interchain disulfide bonds and one hinge heavy chain-heavy chain interchain disulfide bond).
  • n 2 ⁇ e.g., two heavy chain-light chain interchain disulfide bonds.
  • L is a cleavable or a noncleavable linker
  • CTX is cytotoxic agent
  • S x is a sulfur atom from a first cysteine residue
  • S y is a sulfur atom from a second cysteine residue, wherein the first cysteine residue and the second cysteine residue are from different chains and/or from the same chain of a multi-chain antibody
  • n is an integer of 1 to 4.
  • the multi-chain antibody is a humanized antibody to C16orf54.
  • CTX is selected from the group consisting of a tubulin stabilizer, a tubulin destabilizer, a DNA alkylator, a DNA minor groove binder, a DNA intercalator, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, a gyrase inhibitor, a protein synthesis inhibitor, a proteosome inhibitor, and an anti-metabolite.
  • CTX is a chemotherapeutic agent.
  • chemotherapeutic agents as disclosed, for example, in Chu, E., DeVite, V. T., 2012, Physicians' Cancer Chemotherapy Drug Manual 2012 (Jones & Bartlett Learning Oncology), and similar documents.
  • CTX may be any FDA-approved chemotherapeutic agent. In certain embodiments, CTX may be any FDA-approved chemotherapeutic agent available for cancer treatment. In certain embodiments of the antibody-drug conjugate of formula (Id), CTX is selected from the group consisting of an alkylating agents, an anthracyclines, a cytoskeletal disruptors (taxanes), an epothilones, an histone deacetylase Inhibitor (HDAC), an inhibitor of Topoisomerase I, an Inhibitor of Topoisomerase II, a kinase inhibitor, a monoclonal antibodies, a nucleotide analog, a peptide antibiotic, a platinum-based agent, a retinoids, a Vinca alkaloid or a derivative thereof, and radioisotope.
  • an alkylating agents an anthracyclines, a cytoskeletal disruptors (taxanes), an epothilones, an histone deacet
  • CTX is selected from the group consising of Actinomycin, all-trans retinoic acid, Azacitidine, Azathioprine, Bleomycin, Bortezomib, Carboplatin, Capecitabine, Cisplatin,
  • Gemcitabine Hydroxyurea, Idarubicin, Imatinib, Irinotecan, Mechlorethamine, Mercaptopurine, Methotrexate, Mitoxantrone, Oxaliplatin, Paclitaxel, Pemetrexed, Teniposide, Tioguanine, Topotecan, Valrubicin, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, and Vinorelbine.
  • CTX is selected from the group consisting of a tubulin stabilizer, a tubulin destabilizer, a DNA alkylator, a DNA minor groove binder, a DNA intercalator, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, a topoisomerase II inhibitor, a gyrase inhibitor, a protein synthesis inhibitor, a proteosome inhibitor, and an anti-metabolite.
  • CTX is selected from the group consisting of Actinomycin D, Amonafide, an auristatin, benzophenone, benzothiazole, a calicheamicin, Camptothecin, CC-1065 (NSC 298223), Cemadotin, Colchicine, Combretastatin A4, Dolastatin, Doxorubicin, Elinafide, Emtansine (DM1 ), Etoposide, KF-12347 (Leinamycin), a maytansinoid, Methotrexate, Mitoxantrone, Nocodazole, Proteosome Inhibitor 1 (PSI 1 ), Roridin A, T-2 Toxin (trichothecene analog), Taxol, a tubulysin, Velcade®, and Vincristine.
  • CTX is an auristatin, a calicheamicin, a mayt
  • CTX is MMAE, MMAF, calicheamicin ⁇ , mertansine, T3, or T4.
  • CTX is bonded to L by an amide bond, a carbamate bond, a disulfide bond, an ether bond, a thioether bond, or an ester bond.
  • CTX is an auristatin bonded to L by an amide bond or a carbamate bond. In certain embodiments, CTX is MMAF bonded to L by an amide bond. In certain embodiments,
  • CTX is MMAE bonded to L by a carbamate bond.
  • CTX is a PBD bonded to L by an amide bond or a carbamate bond.
  • CTX is a calicheamicin, doxorubicin, camptothecin, duocarmycin, DM1 , DM4, a
  • CTX maytansinoid, or a tubulysin, wherein CTX is bonded to L by an amide bond, a carbamate bond, a disulfide bond, an ether bond, a thioether bond, or an ester bond.
  • the multi-chain antibody comprises two heavy chains and two light chains.
  • the first cysteine residue is from a first heavy chain and the second cysteine residue is from a second heavy chain of the multi-chain antibody.
  • the first cysteine residue is from a heavy chain and the second cysteine residue is from a light chain of the multi-chain antibody.
  • the first and second cysteine residues are from the same heavy chain of the multi-chain antibody.
  • the antibody-drug conjugate of formula (Id) is of the following formula:
  • each heavy chain of the multi-chain antibody is denoted by the letter H and each light chain of the multi-chain antibody is denoted by the letter L.
  • the antibody-drug conjugate of formula (Id) is of the following formula:
  • each heavy chain of the multi-chain antibody is denoted by the letter H and each light chain of the multi-chain antibody is denoted by the letter L.
  • the antibody-drug conjugate of formula (Id) is of the following formula:
  • each heavy chain of the multi-chain antibody is denoted by the letter H
  • each light chain of the multi-chain antibody is denoted by the letter L.
  • the antibod -drug conjugate is of the following formula:
  • each heavy chain of the multi-chain antibody is denoted by the letter H and each light chain of the multi-chain antibody is denoted by the letter L.
  • L is a noncleavable linker
  • L is -(CH 2 ) m C(O)-, wherein m is an integer of 5 to 1 1 .
  • L is a cleavable linker. In certain embodiments of the antibody-drug conjugate of formula (Id), L is -(CH 2 )mC(O)-Val-Ala-PAB-O-C(O)-, or -(CH 2 ) m C(O)-Val-Cit-PAB-O-C(O)-.
  • m is an integer of 5 to 1 1 .
  • n is 4.
  • CTX is MMAF
  • L is -(CH 2 )5C(O)-
  • n is 4.
  • CTX is MMAE
  • L is -(CH 2 ) 5 C(O)-Val-Ala-PAB-O-C(O)-
  • n is 4.
  • composition comprising an antibody- drug conjugate of the following formula:
  • each heavy chain of the multi-chain antibody is denoted by the letter H
  • each light chain of the multi-chain antibody is denoted by the letter L.
  • the multi-chain antibody is a humanized C16orf54 antibody.
  • the antibodies or immunoconjugates e.g., antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), of the present disclosure may be administered by any route appropriate to the condition to be treated.
  • the antibody or ADC will typically be administered parenterally, e.g., infusion, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, intrathecal and epidural.
  • the antibody or antibody-drug conjugate is administered via intravenous infusion.
  • the dosage administered via infusion is in the range of about 1 ⁇ g/m 2 to about 10,000 ⁇ g/m 2 per dose, generally one dose per week for a total of one, two, three or four doses.
  • the dosage range is of about 1 ⁇ g/m 2 to about 1000 ⁇ g/m 2 , about 1 ⁇ g/m 2 to about 800 ⁇ g/m 2 , about 1 ⁇ g/m 2 to about 600 ⁇ g/m 2 , about 1 ⁇ g/m 2 to about 400 ⁇ g/m 2 , about 10 ⁇ g/m 2 to about 500 ⁇ g/m 2 , about 10 ⁇ g/m 2 to about 300 ⁇ g/m 2 , about 10 ⁇ g/m 2 to about 200 ⁇ g/m 2 , and about 1 ⁇ g/m 2 to about 200 ⁇ g/m 2 .
  • the dose may be administered once per day, once per week, multiple times per week, but less than once per day, multiple times per month but less than once per day, multiple times per month but less than once per week, once per month or intermittently to relieve or alleviate symptoms of the disease. Administration may continue at any of the disclosed intervals until remission of the tumor or symptoms of the cancer being treated. Administration may continue after remission or relief of symptoms is achieved where such remission or relief is prolonged by such continued
  • the present disclosure further provides pharmaceutical formulations comprising at least one anti-C16orf54 antibody of the present disclosure and/or at least one immunoconjugate thereof and/or at least one anti-C16orf54 antibody-drug conjugate of the present disclosure.
  • a pharmaceutical formulation comprises 1 ) an anti-C16orf54 antibody and/or an anti- C16orf54 antibody-drug conjugate and/or an immunoconjugate thereof, and 2) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a pharmaceutical formulation comprises 1 ) an anti-C16orf54 antibody and/or an immunoconjugate thereof, and optionally, 2) at least one additional therapeutic agent.
  • compositions comprising an antibody or immunoconjugate of the present disclosure or the antibody-drug conjugate of the present disclosure are prepared for storage by mixing the antibody or antibody-drug conjugate having the desired degree of purity with optional physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. (1980)) in the form of aqueous solutions or lyophilized or other dried formulations.
  • the formulations herein may also contain more than one active compound as necessary for the particular indication being treated, preferably those with
  • an anti-C16orf54 antibody it may be desirable to include in the one formulation, an additional antibody, e.g., a second anti-C16orf54 antibody which binds a different epitope on the C16orf54 polypeptide, or an antibody to some other target such as a growth factor that affects the growth of the particular cancer.
  • an additional antibody e.g., a second anti-C16orf54 antibody which binds a different epitope on the C16orf54 polypeptide
  • an antibody to some other target such as a growth factor that affects the growth of the particular cancer.
  • the formulation includes an antibody to CD20 ⁇ e.g., rituximab, ofatumumab, obinutuzumab, veltuzumab, and ocrelizumab), CD23 (lumiliximab), CD52 (alemtuzumab), or CD33 (gemtuzumab).
  • the composition may further comprise a chemotherapeutic agent, cytotoxic agent, cytokine, growth inhibitory agent, anti-hormonal agent, and/or cardioprotectant.
  • the formulation includes an alkylating agent (for example, chlorambucil, bendamustine hydrochloride or cyclophosphamide) a nucleoside analog (for example, fludurabine, pentostatin, cladribine or cytarabine) a
  • alkylating agent for example, chlorambucil, bendamustine hydrochloride or cyclophosphamide
  • nucleoside analog for example, fludurabine, pentostatin, cladribine or cytarabine
  • corticosteroid for example, prednisone, prednisolone or methylprednisolone
  • an immunomodulatory agent for example, lenalidomide
  • an antibiotic for example, doxorubicin, daunorubicin idarubicin or mitoxentrone
  • a synthetic flavon such as flavopiridol
  • a Bcl2 antagonist such as oblimersen or ABT-263
  • a hypomethylating agent such as azacytidine or decitabine
  • an FLT3 inhibitor such as midostaurin, sorafenib and AC220.
  • Such molecules are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the purpose intended.
  • the antibodies or immunoconjugates of the present disclosure may be formulated in any suitable form for delivery to a target cell/tissue, e.g., as
  • microcapsules or macroemulsions Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. (1980); Park et al., Molecules 10: 146-161 (2005); Malik et al., Curr. Drug. Deliv. 4: 141 -151 (2007)); as sustained release formulations (Putney and Burke, Nature Biotechnol. 16: 153-157, (1998)) or in liposomes (Maclean et al., Int. J. Oncol. 1 1 : 235-332 (1997); Kontermann, Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 8: 39-45 (2006)).
  • an antibody or immunoconjugate of the present disclosure may be used in, for example, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo therapeutic methods.
  • the present disclosure provides methods for inhibiting cell growth or proliferation, either in vivo or in vitro, the method comprising exposing a cell to an anti-C16orf54 antibody or immunoconjugate thereof under conditions permissive for binding of the immunoconjugate to C16orf54.
  • “Inhibiting cell growth or proliferation” means decreasing a cell's growth or proliferation by at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 100%, and includes inducing cell death.
  • the cell is a tumor cell.
  • the cell is a leukemia cell, a lymphoma cell, a myeloma cell, a solid tumor cell such as a breast cancer cell, a pancreatic cancer cell or a metastatic cancer cell of any of the aforementioned cancer cells.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des anticorps humanisés qui se lient à C16orf54, y compris des conjugués anticorps-médicaments comprenant lesdits anticorps humanisés, ainsi que des méthodes d'utilisation desdits anticorps humanisés et conjugués anticorps-médicaments, notamment pour le diagnostic et le traitement de cancers.
PCT/US2015/026461 2014-04-17 2015-04-17 Anticorps anti-c16orf54 humanisés et leurs méthodes d'utilisation Ceased WO2015161247A1 (fr)

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US10624880B2 (en) 2015-04-20 2020-04-21 Tolero Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Predicting response to alvocidib by mitochondrial profiling
US12338261B2 (en) 2015-05-18 2025-06-24 Sumitomo Pharma Oncology, Inc. Alvocidib prodrugs having increased bioavailability
US10562925B2 (en) 2015-05-18 2020-02-18 Tolero Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Alvocidib prodrugs having increased bioavailability
US10835537B2 (en) 2015-08-03 2020-11-17 Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology, Inc. Combination therapies for treatment of cancer
US10568887B2 (en) 2015-08-03 2020-02-25 Tolero Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Combination therapies for treatment of cancer
US10682356B2 (en) 2015-08-03 2020-06-16 Tolero Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Combination therapies for treatment of cancer
EP3331510A4 (fr) * 2015-08-03 2019-04-03 Tolero Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Thérapies combinatoires pour le traitement du cancer
US20230398228A1 (en) * 2016-03-02 2023-12-14 Eisai R&D Management Co., Ltd. Eribulin-based antibody-drug conjugates and methods of use
US11279694B2 (en) 2016-11-18 2022-03-22 Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology, Inc. Alvocidib prodrugs and their use as protein kinase inhibitors
US10422788B2 (en) 2016-12-19 2019-09-24 Tolero Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Profiling peptides and methods for sensitivity profiling
US11497756B2 (en) 2017-09-12 2022-11-15 Sumitomo Pharma Oncology, Inc. Treatment regimen for cancers that are insensitive to BCL-2 inhibitors using the MCL-1 inhibitor alvocidib
US12077554B2 (en) 2018-12-04 2024-09-03 Sumitomo Pharma Oncology, Inc. CDK9 inhibitors and polymorphs thereof for use as agents for treatment of cancer
US11034710B2 (en) 2018-12-04 2021-06-15 Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology, Inc. CDK9 inhibitors and polymorphs thereof for use as agents for treatment of cancer
US11530231B2 (en) 2018-12-04 2022-12-20 Sumitomo Pharma Oncology, Inc. CDK9 inhibitors and polymorphs thereof for use as agents for treatment of cancer
US11793802B2 (en) 2019-03-20 2023-10-24 Sumitomo Pharma Oncology, Inc. Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with venetoclax failure
WO2021127500A1 (fr) * 2019-12-20 2021-06-24 Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Anticorps dirigés contre l'intégrine alpha 11 bêta 1
US12460006B2 (en) 2019-12-20 2025-11-04 Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Antibodies against integrin alpha 11 beta 1

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