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WO2015147652A1 - Outil et procédé pour la planification, la construction, le développement, la maintenance et l'abandon de puits de pétrole - Google Patents

Outil et procédé pour la planification, la construction, le développement, la maintenance et l'abandon de puits de pétrole Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015147652A1
WO2015147652A1 PCT/NO2015/050056 NO2015050056W WO2015147652A1 WO 2015147652 A1 WO2015147652 A1 WO 2015147652A1 NO 2015050056 W NO2015050056 W NO 2015050056W WO 2015147652 A1 WO2015147652 A1 WO 2015147652A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
well
elements
pressure
tool
barrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NO2015/050056
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English (en)
Inventor
Tore FJÅGESUND
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WELLBARRIER AS
Original Assignee
WELLBARRIER AS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WELLBARRIER AS filed Critical WELLBARRIER AS
Publication of WO2015147652A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015147652A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wells for petroleum exploration and production. More specifically, the invention relates to pressure harriers, safety, design, development, operation, maintenance and abandonment of we!!s.
  • the invention provides a tool and a method for planning, constructing, developing, maintaining and abandonment of petroleum wells. The tool and method of the invention are useful during all phases of the life of a petroleum well.
  • the inconsistency of the well representation can result in wrong decisions and extensive work that should be avoided.
  • the objective of the invention is to provide an improved tool and a improved method and use thereof in order to construct and maintain petroleum wells over their life span, resulting in reduced failure rate of decisions and reduced work effort during construction,
  • the invention provides a tool for planning, constructing, developing, operating, maintaining and abandonment of petroleum wells, comprising representation of a well or each well in a group of well categories, such as a well in the drilling, completion, intervention, workover or abandonment phase, wherein each we!! is represented by elements having a consistent shape and position of assembly, the assembly of the eiements are arranged in a logical order or position so as to represent a functional we!!, wherein the elements comprises well barrier eiements.
  • the tool is distinctive in that the representation further comprises pressure curve data, including pore pressure and fracturing pressure, vertically aligned to the well elements and directly connecting well barrier elements and related pressure along the vertical representation of the we!!.
  • verticaiiy aligned it is meant that each element, barrier or point i the we!l, in the vertical direction down the well a!ong elevation or depth of the weli, corresponds to pressure plot data at identical elevation or depth position, making a realistic representation of the weli and the related pressure data at each and ever position.
  • This is achieved by arranging the well representation side by side to the pressure plot, aligning the vertical scale and dimension of the well representation and pressure plot.
  • Real pressure and fluid data are used for the pressure plot, making it easy to see the effects of arranging barriers and elements at different position, facilitating the design, development, maintenance and abandonment of the well. This will be better explained in the detailed description below.
  • each element is proportionally correct but the vertical dimension of well elements, curvature and related pressure data ca be varied simultaneously, as controlled by a user of the tool.
  • the vertically extending eiements have a proportional correct dimension, adjustable by the user to match the real well dimensions and pressure data.
  • the well barrier elements and well elements are consistently recognizable by having a distinctive shape, line type and/or width and a specific hatching or color for primary barriers and another specific hatching or color for secondary barriers, whilst the well pressure data is a pore- fracture pressure plot presented as pressure versus depth or presented as density versus depth.
  • the invention also provides a method for planning, constructing, developing, operating, maintaining and abandonment of petroleum wells, comprising representation of a well or each well in a group of well categories, such as a well in the drilling, completion, intervention, workover or abandonment phase, wherein each well is represented by elements having a consistent shape and position of assembly, the assembly of the elements are arranged in a logical order or position so as to represent a functional well, wherein the elements comprises well barrier elements.
  • the method is distinctive by: including pore pressure and fracturing pressure, vertically aligned to the well elements and directly connecting well barrier elements and related pressure along the vertical representation of the well.
  • each element is represented proportionally correct but the vertical dimension of well elements, curvature and related pressure data, can be varied simultaneously.
  • the well barrier elements and well elements are represented consistently recognizable by having a distinctive shape, line type and/or width and a specific hatching or color for primary barriers and another specific hatching or color for secondary barriers, whilst the well pressure data is represented as a pore-fracture pressure plot as pressure versus depth or presented as gradient-pressure versus depth.
  • the tool and method of the invention use or collect updated data for pressures in the well and preferably also the reservoir, from sensors in the well or wellbore, periodically or real time, manual or automated, providing a dynamic tool and method updated to real conditions.
  • the invention also provides use of the tool or the method according to the invention, for planning, constructing, developing, operating, maintaining or abandonment of a petro!eum vve!l.
  • the use is for avoiding effects of failure of an element of a well system, particularly by reducing the risk for placing well barriers at wrong or inadequate position in the well.
  • Pore and fracture pressure curves are commonly used for setting casing shoes.
  • said prior use is a limited and very specific static use compared to the tool and method of the present invention, which is using the well data as basis and correlating said data of to the pressure condition at different depths in the well.
  • setting of casing shoes is a disclaimed field of use for the most general embodiments of the invention,
  • Figure 1 is a cased well and pore-fracture pressure representation
  • FIG. 2 illustrates plug and abandonment
  • Figure 3 illustrates drilling intermediate section out of surface casing in deep- water well
  • Figure 4 illustrates dual gradient drilling to overcome insufficient formation strength behind surface casing in deep water wells
  • FIG. 5 illustrates conventional drilling
  • Figure 6 illustrates a well completed with screen liner
  • Figure 7 illustrates gas lift wells
  • Figure 8 illustrates managed pressure drilling.
  • the figures illustrate how the well and pressure data are represented, and how the representations can be used for planning, constructing, developing, maintaining or abandonment of a petroleum well.
  • Fig. 1 illustrating a cased well and a pore-fracture pressure representation as related directly to the well elements, particularly the we!i barrier elements.
  • Fig. 1 illustrate how the tool and the method of the invention clearly relate well barrier definition and/or critical points to pore and pressure plot.
  • the data are updated periodically or real time to real conditions in the well and wellborn.
  • a well barrier illustration is placed side by side with a pore and fracture pressure plot.
  • the depth proportions below the mud line of the well barrier illustration and the pressure plot are identical. This is effectively achieved b creating the pressure plot on a scalable format and importing this to an editor where the well barrier illustration is created with depth proportions matching the pressure plot.
  • the pressure curves are always aligned with the wells mud line, and the total height of the plot is adjusted proportionally upwards although this will not have any correspondence with equipment above the mudline which has no significance in this concept. This allows to clearly relating a critical point in the well barrier illustratio to the pore and formation fracture pressure in the pressure plot by use of horizontal reference lines (C).
  • the process is started by identifying the reservoir pressure represented by the pore pressure which is identified by drawing the first horizontal reference line (1 ).
  • a pressure gradient line (2) is drawn onto the pressure plot starting at a user-defined point of interest, in this case being the pore pressure at the top of the formation of interest.
  • the tool and method of the invention can be used to find and demonstrate the suitability of any point or position in the well, as illustrated in subsequent illustration examples.
  • a key benefit of the method and tool rests in the ability to quickly and effectivel set up the scalable proportions between the two main components, the barrier illustration and the pore and fracture pressure plot which then is used to clearly visualize that the well barrier definitions in the well are placed at depths where there is adequate formation strength to withstand any pressure originating from the pressurized formations or induced from surface.
  • prior art tools for establishing and documenting well barriers during planning, constructing, developing, operating, maintaining and abandoning petroleum wells does not c!ear! relate the critical barrier points to the actual and dynamic pressure regimes in the well.
  • Fig. 2 illustrating a well during plug and abandonment. The purpose is to demonstrate sufficient formation strength at base of secondary we!! barrier plug.
  • the secondary abandonment barrier plug (C) When the secondary abandonment barrier plug (C) is set at a depth where the production tubing is cut just above the production packer to avoid having to mill this, the formation strength at the base of the plug is insufficient to serve as a secondary barrier foundation in the shown example (intersection between critical points (C) and (2) is outside the strength value of the fracture line)...
  • Fig. 3 illustrating drilling intermediate section out of surface casing in a deep-water well.
  • the purpose is to demonstrate sufficient formation strength behind the entire length of the surface casing in case a hole is worn in the casing during drilling activity - this is critical as a hole in the casing with insufficient formation strength behind will cause loss of the primary we!! barrier (overbalanced fluid column) at the same time as the secondary barrier (surface casing) is lost).
  • the planned drilling mud density is shown as curve (2), where this intersects the fracture pressure curve (4) we see that the formation strength is insufficient if a hoie is worn in the surface casing above the depth reference line (c).
  • the formation behind the surface casing is only strong enough for overbalanced fluid densities less than given by gradient line (2*).
  • Figure 4 illustrates dual gradient drilling to overcome insufficient formation strength behind surface casing in deep water welis.
  • the purpose is to demonstrate that by use of dual gradient fluid drilling we can overcome the problem referred to in Fig. 3.
  • the planned drilling mud density is shown as curve (2), where this intersects the fracture pressure curve (4) we see that the formation strength is insufficient if a hole is worn in the surface casing above the depth reference line (c).
  • a dual fluid gradient solution with a lighter fluid in the riser section of the well (2*) we will not be exposed to a risk if a hole is worn in the surface casing, yet having sufficient mud overbalance while drilling ' the hole section- Figure 5 illustrates conventional drilling.
  • the purpose is to demonstrate sufficient formation strength at the starting point of the secondary well barrier envelope based on the potential pressure originating from the depth of the reservoir (1) intersecting the pore pressure curve (3),
  • the formation strength at this depth is sufficient to serve as a secondary barrier foundation in the shown example (intersection between critical points (C) and (2) is inside the strength vaiue of the fracture line (4)).
  • This can be done for full gas filled well bores or for drilling with kick margin in which case a dual gradient line will be shown to represent the height of the allowed kick margin volume.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a welt completed with screen liner.
  • the purpose is to demonstrate sufficient formation strength at the starting point of both the primary and secondary well barrier envelopes based on the potential pressure originating from the depth of the reservoir (1) intersecting the pore pressure curve (3).
  • This illustration is a continuation of Fig. 5 that was drilled with overbalanced fluid; whe completing the well with a screen liner, this will change the barrier envelope definition and also the intermediate casing will now become a barrier.
  • the production casing (C1) is set at a planned depth
  • the formation strength at this depth is sufficient to serve as a primary barrier foundation in the shown example (intersection between critical points (C1) and (2) is inside the strength value of the fracture line (4) ⁇ .
  • the intermediate casing (C2) set at the indicated depth the formation st ength at this depth is insufficient to serve as a secondary barrier foundation in this shown example (intersection between critical points (C2) and (2) is outside the strength value of the fracture line (4)).
  • Figure 7 illustrates gas lift wells.
  • the purpose is to demonstrate sufficient formation strength at the starting point of the intermediate casing/secondary well barrier envelope (C) based on the potential pressure originating from the applied gas lift pressure at surface (1) if this is accidentiy leaked into the B- annulus and applied on top of a hydrostatic columns of completion fluid in th B ⁇ annulus.
  • the intermediate casing (C) set at a planned depth the formation strength at this depth is too weak to withstand a leaking gas lift pressure into the B-annulus (intersection between critical points (C) and (1) is far outside the strengt value of th fracture line (4). In this case the fluid in the B-annulus is likely to leak into the formation below the casing shoe.
  • the pressure (2) at the casing shoe is below (inside) the fracture pressure curve (4)).
  • the fracture pressure curve in this case represents the fracture closure pressure, it may be risk assessed and contemplated to continue operation of the well. Note that this can be a very dangerous situation if the pressure at the casing shoe is above the fracture closure pressure after the annu!us is displaced to gas as this will cause continuous gas leak into the formation, sometimes with little possibility to detect loss of gas from surface when multiple gas lift wells are in operation.
  • Figure 8 illustrates managed pressure drilling.
  • the purpose is. to demonstrate recommended surface pressure (C) during non-pumping activity when performing Managed Pressure Drilling, initially, due to ECD (equivalent circulation density) effects while drilling/pumping the downhole pressure is too high and there is a risk of losses to the formation in tight drilling windows.
  • ECD Equivalent circulation density
  • a lower mud density is used (2), this will however not have sufficient weight to overbalance the reservoir pressure (1) whe not pumping, so a surface applied pressure have to be applied (C) when tripping or making up pipe to avoid intersecting the pore pressure curve (3),
  • a surface applied pressure of 40 bar can be recommended to maintain reservoir overbalance when not pumping (ECD effect in place).
  • the tool and method of the invention may comprise any feature or step here described or iliustrated, in any operative combination, each such operative combination is an embodiment of the invention.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un outil et un procédé pour la planification, la construction, le développement, la maintenance et l'abandon de puits de pétrole, comprenant la représentation d'un puits ou de chaque puits dans un groupe de catégories de puits, tels qu'un puits dans la phase de forage, de complétion, d'intervention, de reconditionnement ou d'abandon, chaque puits étant représenté par des éléments possédant une cohérence de forme et de position d'assemblage, l'ensemble des éléments étant disposé dans un ordre ou une position logique de façon à représenter un puits fonctionnel, les éléments comprenant des éléments de barrière de puits. L'outil est caractérisé en ce que la représentation comprend en outre des données de courbe de pression, y compris la pression de pore et la pression de fracturation, alignées verticalement sur les éléments de puits et reliant directement les éléments de barrière de puits et la pression correspondante le long de la représentation verticale du puits. L'invention concerne également un procédé et une utilisation associés.
PCT/NO2015/050056 2014-03-25 2015-03-25 Outil et procédé pour la planification, la construction, le développement, la maintenance et l'abandon de puits de pétrole Ceased WO2015147652A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20140380 2014-03-25
NO20140380 2014-03-25

Publications (1)

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WO2015147652A1 true WO2015147652A1 (fr) 2015-10-01

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020177955A1 (en) * 2000-09-28 2002-11-28 Younes Jalali Completions architecture
US20040122640A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2004-06-24 Dusterhoft Ronald G. System and process for optimal selection of hydrocarbon well completion type and design
US6826486B1 (en) * 2000-02-11 2004-11-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Methods and apparatus for predicting pore and fracture pressures of a subsurface formation
WO2011044211A2 (fr) * 2009-10-06 2011-04-14 M-I L.L.C. Procédé et appareil de forage utilisant une approche probabiliste
WO2012128635A1 (fr) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Wellbarrier As Outil pour construction et maintenance de puits de pétrole
US20140163739A1 (en) * 2012-12-07 2014-06-12 Flow Data, Inc. Dynamically-configurable local operator interface for upstream oil and gas wellhead control and monitoring

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6826486B1 (en) * 2000-02-11 2004-11-30 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Methods and apparatus for predicting pore and fracture pressures of a subsurface formation
US20020177955A1 (en) * 2000-09-28 2002-11-28 Younes Jalali Completions architecture
US20040122640A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2004-06-24 Dusterhoft Ronald G. System and process for optimal selection of hydrocarbon well completion type and design
WO2011044211A2 (fr) * 2009-10-06 2011-04-14 M-I L.L.C. Procédé et appareil de forage utilisant une approche probabiliste
WO2012128635A1 (fr) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Wellbarrier As Outil pour construction et maintenance de puits de pétrole
US20140163739A1 (en) * 2012-12-07 2014-06-12 Flow Data, Inc. Dynamically-configurable local operator interface for upstream oil and gas wellhead control and monitoring

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