WO2015146912A1 - フルオレン誘導体及びその利用 - Google Patents
フルオレン誘導体及びその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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- C07C2603/12—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members containing five-membered rings only one five-membered ring
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluorene derivative and use thereof.
- an organic electroluminescence (EL) element a charge transporting thin film made of an organic compound is used as a light emitting layer or a charge injection layer.
- the hole injection layer is responsible for charge transfer between the anode and the hole transport layer or the light emitting layer, and plays an important function to achieve low voltage driving and high luminance of the organic EL element.
- the formation method of the hole injection layer is roughly divided into a dry process typified by vapor deposition and a wet process typified by spin coating. Comparing these processes, the wet process can efficiently produce a thin film having a large area and high flatness. Therefore, at the present time when the area of the organic EL display is being increased, a hole injection layer that can be formed by a wet process is desired.
- the present inventors are applicable to various wet processes and charge transporting materials that provide a thin film that can realize excellent characteristics when applied to a hole injection layer of an organic EL element. Further, compounds having good solubility in organic solvents used therefor have been developed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4).
- the present invention as well as the technology of the above-mentioned patent document that has been developed so far, exhibits good solubility in organic solvents and has excellent luminance characteristics when applied to a hole injection layer after being thinned.
- An object is to provide a fluorene derivative capable of realizing an EL element.
- the present inventors have found that a predetermined fluorene derivative has excellent solubility in an organic solvent, and it is highly effective from a varnish prepared by dissolving it in an organic solvent.
- the inventors have found that a thin film exhibiting charge transportability can be obtained, and that when the thin film is applied to a hole injection layer of an organic EL element, a high-luminance element can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed.
- aryl groups, heteroaryl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyloxy groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, alkynyloxy groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, 6 to 20 carbon atoms Represents an aryloxy group, a heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms containing at least one ether structure (provided that at least one of R 1 and R 2 represents the alkoxy group, An alkenyloxy group, an alkynyloxy group, an aryloxy group, a heteroaryloxy group and an alkyl group containing at least one ether structure).
- R 3 and R 4 are, independently of one another, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkyl group which have 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may substituted with Z 1, carbon atoms, which may be substituted with Z 1 2-20 alkenyl group, alkynyl group Z 1 is optionally 2-20 carbon atoms substituted with an alkoxy group which 1 carbon atoms which may be ⁇ 20 substituted with Z 1, be substituted with Z 1
- R is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with Z 3 , or an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms that may be substituted with Z 3 group, Z 3-substituted 2 carbon atoms which may be 1-20 alkynyl group, Z 1 substituted by 1 carbon atoms which may be ⁇ 20 alkoxy group, Z 3 carbon atoms which may be substituted with 2 Represents an alkenyloxy group having ⁇ 20 or an alkynyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 3 , and each R may be the same as or different from each other, n 3 ⁇ n 6 represents the number of substituents R, n 3 represents an integer of 0 ⁇ 3, n 4 represents an integer of 0 ⁇ 4, n 5 represents an integer of 0 ⁇ 5, n 6 Represents an integer of 0 to 7, and each of
- a cross-coupling reaction between a boronic acid ester represented by formula (1 ′′) or (1 ′′ ′) and a compound represented by formulas (A ′) and (A ′′) in the presence of a catalyst A method for producing a fluorene derivative according to claim 1, wherein (Wherein R 1 to R 4 , Ar 1 , Ar 2 , n 1 and n 2 are the same as described above.
- X independently represents a halogen atom or a pseudohalogen group.
- a 1 to A 4 are Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and A 5 and A 6 are each independently an alkanediyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Or an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the charge transporting varnish can be easily prepared by dissolving in the organic solvent. Since the thin film produced from the charge transport varnish of the present invention exhibits high charge transport properties, it can be suitably used as a thin film for electronic devices including organic EL elements. In particular, since the thin film obtained from the charge transporting varnish of the present invention has an appropriate ionization potential, it can be suitably used as a hole injection layer of an organic EL device.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention can produce a thin film excellent in charge transporting properties with good reproducibility even when using various wet processes capable of forming a large area such as a spin coating method and a slit coating method, It can sufficiently cope with recent progress in the field of organic EL elements.
- fluorene derivative The fluorene derivative of the present invention is represented by the formula (1).
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- at least one of R 1 and R 2 represents any of the alkoxy group, alkenyloxy group, alkynyloxy group, aryloxy group, heteroaryloxy group, and an alkyl group including at least one ether structure.
- R 3 and R 4 are, independently of one another, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkyl group which have 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may substituted with Z 1, carbon atoms, which may be substituted with Z 1 2-20 alkenyl group, alkynyl group Z 1 is optionally 2-20 carbon atoms substituted with an alkoxy group which 1 carbon atoms which may be ⁇ 20 substituted with Z 1, be substituted with Z 1
- Z 1 is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, Z 3 aryl groups which do carbon atoms 6 to be 20 substituted
- the heteroaryl group of Z 3 is 1-2 carbon atoms which may be 20 substituted with, Z 3-substituted 1 carbon atoms which may be ⁇ 20 alkoxy group, Z 3 alkenyloxy group which 1-2 carbon atoms which may be 20 substituted, Z 3 2 carbon atoms which may be substituted with ⁇ 20 alkynyloxy group, an aryl group, or heteroaryl group
- Z 3 is 1-2 carbon atoms which may be 20 substituted with Z 3 are carbon atoms that may 6 to be 20 replaced with.
- Z 2 is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, Z 3 substituted by 1 carbon atoms which may be 1-20 alkyl group, alkenyl group Z 3 is 1-2 carbon atoms which may be 20 substituted with, Z 3-substituted 2 carbon atoms which may be 1-20 alkynyl group, alkoxy group Z 3 is - 1 carbon atoms which may be 20 substituted by, Z 3 are optionally good 2 to 20 carbon atoms is also replaced by alkenyloxy group, alkynyloxy group Z 3 is 1-2 carbon atoms which may be 20 substituted with an aryl group Z 3 are carbon atoms that may 6 to be 20 substituted with, or be substituted with Z 3 Represents a good heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Z 3 represents a halogen atom, a nitro group or a cyano group.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specific examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, straight chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as s-butyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, n-nonyl group, n-decyl group, etc.
- branched alkyl group cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, cyclononyl group, cyclodecyl group, bicyclobutyl group, bicyclopentyl group, bicyclohexyl group, bicycloheptyl group, bicyclo Examples thereof include cyclic alkyl groups having 3 to 20 carbon atoms such as octyl group, bicyclononyl group and bicyclodecyl group.
- the alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specific examples thereof include ethenyl group, n-1-propenyl group, n-2-propenyl group, 1-methylethenyl group, n-1-butenyl group, n-2-butenyl group, n-3-butenyl group, 2-methyl-1-propenyl group, 2-methyl-2-propenyl group, 1-ethylethenyl group, 1-methyl-1- A propenyl group, a 1-methyl-2-propenyl group, an n-1-pentenyl group, an n-1-decenyl group, an n-1-eicocenyl group and the like can be mentioned.
- the alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specific examples thereof include ethynyl group, n-1-propynyl group, n-2-propynyl group and n-1-butynyl.
- aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include phenyl group, 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 1-anthryl group, 2-anthryl group, 9-anthryl group, 1-phenanthryl group, 2-phenanthryl group. Group, 3-phenanthryl group, 4-phenanthryl group, 9-phenanthryl group and the like.
- heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms examples include 2-thienyl group, 3-thienyl group, 2-furanyl group, 3-furanyl group, 2-oxazolyl group, 4-oxazolyl group, 5-oxazolyl group, 3-isoxazolyl group, 4-isoxazolyl group, 5-isoxazolyl group, 2-thiazolyl group, 4-thiazolyl group, 5-thiazolyl group, 3-isothiazolyl group, 4-isothiazolyl group, 5-isothiazolyl group, 2-imidazolyl group, Examples include 4-imidazolyl group, 2-pyridyl group, 3-pyridyl group, 4-pyridyl group, and the like.
- the alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specific examples thereof include methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group and isobutoxy group. , S-butoxy group, t-butoxy group, n-pentyloxy group, n-hexyloxy group, n-heptyloxy group, n-octyloxy group, n-nonyloxy group, n-decyloxy group, etc.
- the alkenyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specific examples thereof include ethenyloxy group, n-1-propenyloxy group, n-2-propenyloxy group, 1- Methylethenyloxy group, n-1-butenyloxy group, n-2-butenyloxy group, n-3-butenyloxy group, 2-methyl-1-propenyloxy group, 2-methyl-2-propenyloxy group, 1-ethyl Ethenyloxy group, 1-methyl-1-propenyloxy group, 1-methyl-2-propenyloxy group, n-1-pentenyloxy group, n-1-decenyloxy group, n-1-eicocenyloxy group, etc. Is mentioned.
- the alkynyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms may be linear, branched or cyclic, and specific examples thereof include ethynyloxy group, n-1-propynyloxy group, n-2-propynyloxy group, n -1-butynyloxy group, n-2-butynyloxy group, n-3-butynyloxy group, 1-methyl-2-propynyloxy group, n-1-pentynyloxy group, n-2-pentynyloxy group, n- 3-pentynyloxy group, n-4-pentynyloxy group, 1-methyl-n-butynyloxy group, 2-methyl-n-butynyloxy group, 3-methyl-n-butynyloxy group, 1,1-dimethyl-n -Propynyloxy group, n-1-hexynyl group, n-1-decynyloxy group, n-1
- aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include phenyloxy group, 1-naphthyloxy group, 2-naphthyloxy group, 1-anthryloxy group, 2-anthryloxy group, 9-anthryloxy Group, 1-phenanthryloxy group, 2-phenanthryloxy group, 3-phenanthryloxy group, 4-phenanthryloxy group, 9-phenanthryloxy group and the like.
- heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms include 2-thienyloxy group, 3-thienyloxy group, 2-furanyloxy group, 3-furanyloxy group, 2-oxazolyloxy group, 4-oxazolyl Ruoxy group, 5-oxazolyloxy group, 3-isoxazolyloxy group, 4-isoxazolyloxy group, 5-isoxazolyloxy group, 2-thiazolyloxy group, 4-thiazolyloxy group, 5 -Thiazolyloxy group, 3-isothiazolyloxy group, 4-isothiazolyloxy group, 5-isothiazolyloxy group, 2-imidazolyloxy group, 4-imidazolyloxy group, 2-pyridyloxy group, 3-pyridyloxy group Group, 4-pyridyloxy group and the like.
- Examples of the alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms containing at least one ether structure include a linear or branched alkyl group in which at least one methylene group is substituted with an oxygen atom.
- the methylene group bonded to the fluorene skeleton is not substituted with an oxygen atom, and the adjacent methylene group is not substituted with an oxygen atom at the same time.
- Such a group is preferably a group represented by the formula (A) in view of availability of the raw material compound, and among these, a group represented by the formula (B) is more preferable. .
- R A represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R B represents a linear or branched chain having 1 to [20- (the number of carbons of R A ) ⁇ r]
- r is an integer of 1 to 9.
- r is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more, and the availability of the raw material compound From the viewpoint, it is preferably 5 or less, more preferably 4 or less.
- alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms including at least one ether structure examples include —CH 2 OCH 3 , —CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 O (CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 OCH (CH 3 ) 2 , -CH 2 O (CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 , -CH 2 OCH 2 CH (CH 3 ) 2 , -CH 2 OC (CH 3 ) 3 , -CH 2 O (CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 , -CH 2 OCH (CH 3 ) (CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 O (CH 2 ) 2 CH (CH 3 ) 2 , -CH 2 OCH (CH 3 ) (CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 , -CH 2 O (CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 , -CH 2 OCH 2 CH (CH 3 ) (CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 , -CH 2 O (CH 2 ) 2 CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 CH 3 ,
- At least one of R 1 and R 2 is the alkoxy group, alkenyloxy group, alkynyloxy group, aryloxy group, heteroaryloxy group, or an alkyl group containing at least one ether structure, both of which are It is preferable that it is either.
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably the same group.
- n 1 and n 2 represent the number of substituents R 3 and R 4 , respectively, and are each independently an integer of 0 to 3, but the charge transportability of the fluorene derivative of the present invention is From the viewpoint of improvement, 0 to 2 is preferable, 0 or 1 is more preferable, and 0 is optimal. In particular, it is preferable that n 1 and n 2 are both 0.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represent any group represented by the formulas (A1) to (A13).
- any group represented by the formulas (A1 ′) to (A13 ′) is preferable.
- R represents a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group of Z 3 is 1-2 carbon atoms which may be 20 substituted with Z 3 is - 1 carbon atoms and optionally 20 substituted with , an alkynyl group of Z 3 are optionally 2-20 carbon atoms substituted with, Z 1 by an alkoxy group is ⁇ 1 carbon atoms which may be 20 substituted, Z 3 2 carbon atoms which may be substituted with ⁇ 20 represents an alkenyloxy group having 20 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkynyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 3 .
- Each R may be the same as or different from each other.
- alkyl group alkenyl group, alkynyl group, alkoxy group, alkenyloxy group and alkynyloxy group are the same as those described above.
- n 3 to n 6 represent the number of substituents R, n 3 represents an integer of 0 to 3, n 4 represents an integer of 0 to 4, and n 5 represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- N 6 represents an integer of 0 to 7, and from the viewpoint of charge transport properties, these are preferably 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and most preferably 0.
- Each of n 3 to n 6 may be the same as or different from each other.
- groups represented by formulas (A1) and (A5) are preferable, and represented by formulas (A1 ′) and (A5 ′). Are more preferred.
- groups represented by the formulas (A5) to (13) are preferable, and the formulas (A5 ′) to The group represented by (A13 ′) is more preferable.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are preferably any group represented by formulas (A1) to (A13) at the same time, and any one represented by formulas (A1 ′) to (A13 ′) at the same time. More preferably, it is a group.
- the fluorene derivative of the present invention can be synthesized, for example, using the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction after synthesizing the intermediate represented by the formula (1 ′) according to the following scheme A.
- R 1 to R 4 , n 1 and n 2 are the same as described above.
- X independently represents a halogen atom or a pseudohalogen group.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- pseudohalogen group examples include fluoroalkylsulfonyloxy groups such as methanesulfonyloxy group, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group, and nonafluorobutanesulfonyloxy group; aromatic sulfonyloxy groups such as benzenesulfonyloxy group and toluenesulfonyloxy group Is mentioned.
- alkanediyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms examples include methylene group, ethylene group, propane-1,2-diyl group, propane-1,3-diyl group, 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diyl group, 2-ethyl-2-methylpropane-1,3-diyl group, 2,2-diethylpropane-1,3-diyl group, 2-methyl-2-propylpropane-1,3-diyl group, butane-1, 3-diyl group, butane-2,3-diyl group, butane-1,4-diyl group, 2-methylbutane-2,3-diyl group, 2,3-dimethylbutane-2,3-diyl group, pentane- 1,3-diyl group, pentane-1,5-diyl group, pentane-2,3-diyl group, pentane-2,4-diyl group
- Examples of the arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include 1,2-phenylene group, 1,2-naphthylene group, 2,3-naphthylene group, 1,8-naphthylene group, 1,2-anthrylene group, and 2,3- Examples include an anthrylene group, a 1,2-phenanthrylene group, a 3,4-phenanthrylene group, and a 9,10-phenanthrylene group.
- Catalysts used in the reaction of Scheme B1 or B2 include [1,1′-bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene] palladium (II) dichloride (PdCl 2 (dppf)), tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 ), bis (triphenylphosphine) dichloropalladium (Pd (PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 ), bis (benzylideneacetone) palladium (Pd (dba) 2 ), tris (benzylideneacetone) dipalladium (Pd 2 (dba 3 ), palladium catalysts such as bis (tri-t-butylphosphine) palladium (Pd (Pt-Bu 3 ) 2 ) and the like.
- the boronic acid ester (1 ′′) or (1 ′ ′′) and the compounds represented by the formulas (A ′) and (A ′′) are used.
- the fluorene derivative represented by the formula (1) can be synthesized by performing a cross-coupling reaction in the presence of a catalyst.
- Examples of the catalyst used in the reaction of Scheme C1 or C2 include the palladium catalyst described above.
- the solvent used in the reaction of Scheme B1 or B2 and C1 or C2 is preferably an aprotic polar organic solvent, for example, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl -2-Imidazolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and the like. From the viewpoint of easy removal of the reaction solvent after the reaction, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and the like are preferable.
- the reaction temperature is usually from ⁇ 50 ° C. to the boiling point of the solvent used, but is preferably in the range of 0 to 140 ° C.
- the reaction time is usually 0.1 to 100 hours.
- the desired fluorene derivative can be obtained by post-treatment according to a conventional method.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention contains a charge transporting material comprising the fluorene derivative and an organic solvent.
- Organic solvent As the organic solvent used when preparing the charge transporting varnish, a highly soluble solvent capable of satisfactorily dissolving the charge transporting substance and the dopant described later can be used.
- Examples of such highly soluble solvents include organic solvents such as cyclohexanone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone. However, it is not limited to these. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount used can be 5 to 100% by mass in the total solvent used in the varnish.
- charge transporting substance and the dopant are preferably either completely dissolved or uniformly dispersed in the solvent, and more preferably completely dissolved.
- the varnish has a viscosity of 10 to 200 mPa ⁇ s, particularly 35 to 150 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C., and a boiling point of 50 to 300 ° C., particularly 150 to 250 ° C. at normal pressure (atmospheric pressure).
- At least one high-viscosity organic solvent can be contained.
- Examples of the high viscosity organic solvent include cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,3-octylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, Examples include 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- the addition ratio of the high-viscosity organic solvent to the entire solvent used in the varnish of the present invention is preferably in the range where no solid precipitates, and the addition ratio is preferably 5 to 80% by mass as long as no solid precipitates.
- solvents are used in an amount of 1 to 90% by weight, preferably 1 to 90%, based on the total solvent used in the varnish. It is also possible to mix at a ratio of 50% by mass.
- solvents examples include propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether
- solvents include, but are not limited to, ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diacetone alcohol, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ethyl lactate, and n-hexyl acetate. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the viscosity of the varnish of the present invention is appropriately set according to the thickness of the thin film to be produced, the solid content concentration, etc., but is usually 1 to 50 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C.
- the solid content concentration of the charge transporting varnish in the present invention is appropriately set in consideration of the viscosity and surface tension of the varnish, the thickness of the thin film to be produced, etc., but is usually from 0.1 to 10 In consideration of improving the coatability of the varnish, it is preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 1.0 to 3.0% by mass.
- solid content means what remove
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention may contain a dopant for the purpose of improving its charge transporting ability, depending on the use of the thin film obtained.
- a dopant will not be specifically limited if it melt
- the amount of the dopant varies depending on the type of the dopant, and thus cannot be defined unconditionally. However, it is usually about 0.5 to 5.0 by mass ratio with respect to the fluorene derivative 1 of the present invention.
- Inorganic dopants include inorganic acids such as hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid; aluminum chloride (III) (AlCl 3 ), titanium tetrachloride (IV) (TiCl 4 ), boron tribromide (BBr 3 ), Boron trifluoride ether complex (BF 3 ⁇ OEt 2 ), iron chloride (III) (FeCl 3 ), copper chloride (II) (CuCl 2 ), antimony pentachloride (V) (SbCl 5 ), antimony pentafluoride ( Metal halides such as V) (SbF 5 ), arsenic pentafluoride (V) (AsF 5 ), phosphorus pentafluoride (PF 5 ), tris (4-bromophenyl) aluminum hexachloroantimonate (TBPAH); Cl 2 , Br 2 , I 2 , ICl, ICl 3 , IBr,
- organic dopants include benzenesulfonic acid, tosylic acid, p-styrenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid, 5-sulfosalicylic acid, p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, dihexylbenzenesulfonic acid, 2 , 5-dihexylbenzenesulfonic acid, dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, 6,7-dibutyl-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, dodecylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, 3-dodecyl-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, hexylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, 4-hexyl-1 -Naphthalenesulfonic acid, octylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, 2-octyl-1-na
- Suitable dopants include, but are not limited to, heteropolyacids such as phosphotungstic acid and Arule sulfonic acid compounds represented by the following formula.
- the method for preparing the charge transporting varnish is not particularly limited. For example, a method of dissolving a charge transporting substance, a dopant or the like in a highly soluble solvent and adding a high viscosity organic solvent thereto, And a method of mixing a charge-transporting substance, a dopant, and the like of the present invention in an organic solvent and a high-viscosity organic solvent.
- the charge transporting varnish is prepared by dissolving a charge transporting substance, a dopant, and the like in an organic solvent, and then using a sub-micro order filter. It is desirable to filter.
- a charge transporting thin film can be formed on a base material by applying the charge transporting varnish of the present invention on the base material and baking it.
- Examples of the varnish coating method include, but are not limited to, a dip method, a spin coating method, a transfer printing method, a roll coating method, a brush coating method, an ink jet method, a spray method, and a slit coating method. It is preferable to adjust the viscosity and surface tension of the varnish depending on the coating method.
- the firing atmosphere is not particularly limited, and a thin film having a uniform film formation surface and a high charge transport property can be obtained not only in the air atmosphere but also in an inert gas such as nitrogen or in a vacuum. In consideration of obtaining a thin film having higher reproducibility and excellent charge transportability, an air atmosphere is preferable.
- the firing temperature is appropriately set within a range of about 100 to 260 ° C. in consideration of the use of the obtained thin film, the degree of charge transportability imparted to the obtained thin film, and the like.
- the temperature is preferably about 140 to 250 ° C, more preferably about 145 to 240 ° C.
- two or more steps of temperature change may be applied for the purpose of developing a higher uniform film forming property or causing the reaction to proceed on the substrate.
- the heating may be performed using an appropriate device such as a hot plate or an oven.
- the thickness of the charge transporting thin film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 200 nm when used as a hole injection layer in an organic EL device.
- a method of changing the film thickness there are methods such as changing the solid content concentration in the varnish and changing the amount of the solution on the substrate during coating.
- Organic EL device has a pair of electrodes, and has the above-described charge transporting thin film of the present invention between these electrodes.
- Typical configurations of the organic EL element include (a) to (f) below, but are not limited thereto.
- an electron blocking layer or the like can be provided between the light emitting layer and the anode
- a hole (hole) blocking layer or the like can be provided between the light emitting layer and the cathode.
- the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, or the hole injection transport layer may have a function as an electron block layer or the like
- the electron injection layer, the electron transport layer, or the electron injection transport layer is a hole. It may have a function as a block layer or the like.
- A Anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer / cathode
- b Anode / hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emission layer / electron injection transport layer / Cathode
- c anode / hole injection transport layer / light emitting layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer / cathode
- d anode / hole injection transport layer / light emitting layer / electron injection transport layer / cathode
- e anode / positive Hole injection layer / hole transport layer / light emitting layer / cathode
- f anode / hole injection transport layer / light emitting layer / cathode
- “Hole injection layer”, “hole transport layer” and “hole injection transport layer” are layers formed between a light emitting layer and an anode, and transport holes from the anode to the light emitting layer. It has a function. When only one layer of a hole transporting material is provided between the light emitting layer and the anode, it is a “hole injection transporting layer”, and a layer of the hole transporting material is provided between the light emitting layer and the anode. When two or more layers are provided, the layer close to the anode is a “hole injection layer”, and the other layers are “hole transport layers”. In particular, for the hole injection layer and the hole injection transport layer, a thin film that is excellent not only in accepting holes from the anode but also injecting holes into the hole transport layer and the light emitting layer is used.
- Electrode “Electron injection layer”, “electron transport layer” and “electron injection transport layer” are layers formed between a light emitting layer and a cathode, and have a function of transporting electrons from the cathode to the light emitting layer. It is. When only one layer of the electron transporting material is provided between the light emitting layer and the cathode, it is an “electron injecting and transporting layer”, and two layers of the electron transporting material are provided between the light emitting layer and the cathode. When provided as described above, the layer close to the cathode is an “electron injection layer”, and the other layers are “electron transport layers”.
- the “light emitting layer” is an organic layer having a light emitting function, and includes a host material and a dopant material when a doping system is employed.
- the host material mainly has a function of encouraging recombination of electrons and holes and confining excitons in the light emitting layer, and the dopant material efficiently emits excitons obtained by recombination. It has a function.
- the host material mainly has a function of confining excitons generated by the dopant in the light emitting layer.
- the charge transporting thin film of the present invention can be suitably used as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and a hole injection transport layer in an organic EL device, and can be more suitably used as a hole injection layer.
- Examples of materials used and methods for producing an organic EL device using the charge transporting varnish of the present invention include the following, but are not limited thereto.
- the electrode substrate to be used is preferably cleaned in advance by cleaning with a liquid such as a detergent, alcohol, or pure water.
- a liquid such as a detergent, alcohol, or pure water.
- the anode substrate is subjected to surface treatment such as UV ozone treatment or oxygen-plasma treatment immediately before use. It is preferable.
- the surface treatment may not be performed.
- An example of the method for producing the organic EL device of the present invention when the thin film obtained from the charge transporting varnish of the present invention is a hole injection layer is as follows.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention is applied on the anode substrate and baked to form a hole injection layer on the electrode.
- a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a cathode are provided in this order.
- the hole transport layer, the light emitting layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer may be formed by either a vapor deposition method or a coating method (wet process) depending on the characteristics of the material used.
- anode material examples include transparent electrodes typified by indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO), metal anodes typified by aluminum, alloys thereof, and the like. What performed the chemical conversion process is preferable. Polythiophene derivatives and polyaniline derivatives having high charge transporting properties can also be used.
- metals constituting the metal anode include scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, cadmium.
- Materials for forming the hole transport layer include (triphenylamine) dimer derivatives, [(triphenylamine) dimer] spirodimers, N, N′-bis (naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N′-bis (Phenyl) -benzidine ( ⁇ -NPD), N, N′-bis (naphthalen-2-yl) -N, N′-bis (phenyl) -benzidine, N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl)- N, N′-bis (phenyl) -benzidine, N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -N, N′-bis (phenyl) -9,9-spirobifluorene, N, N′-bis ( Naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N′-bis (phenyl) -9,9-spirobifluorene, N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -N, N′-bis (phenyl) -9,9-s
- Materials for forming the light emitting layer include tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) (Alq 3 ), bis (8-quinolinolato) zinc (II) (Znq 2 ), bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)- 4- (p-phenylphenolate) aluminum (III) (BAlq), 4,4′-bis (2,2-diphenylvinyl) biphenyl, 9,10-di (naphthalen-2-yl) anthracene, 2-t -Butyl-9,10-di (naphthalen-2-yl) anthracene, 2,7-bis [9,9-di (4-methylphenyl) -fluoren-2-yl] -9,9-di (4- Methylphenyl) fluorene, 2-methyl-9,10-bis (naphthalen-2-yl) anthracene, 2- (9,9-spirobifluoren-2-yl) -9,9-spir
- Materials for forming the electron injection layer include lithium oxide (Li 2 O), magnesium oxide (MgO), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride (NaF), magnesium fluoride ( MgF 2 ), cesium fluoride (CsF), strontium fluoride (SrF 2 ), molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ), aluminum, lithium acetylacetonate (Li (acac)), lithium acetate, lithium benzoate, etc. .
- cathode material examples include aluminum, magnesium-silver alloy, aluminum-lithium alloy, lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium and the like.
- the hole transport layer, the light emitting layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer are formed by sequentially forming the hole transport layer and the light emitting layer, instead of performing the vacuum deposition operation.
- An organic EL device having a charge transporting thin film formed of a transporting varnish can be produced.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention is applied onto an anode substrate, a hole injection layer is prepared by the above-described method, a hole transport layer and a light emitting layer are sequentially formed thereon, and a cathode electrode is further formed. Is evaporated to obtain an organic EL element.
- the same materials as described above can be used, and the same cleaning treatment and surface treatment can be performed.
- a hole transporting polymer material or a light emitting polymer material, or a material obtained by adding a dopant to these materials is dissolved or uniformly dispersed.
- coating on a positive hole injection layer or a positive hole transport layer is mentioned.
- Examples of the light-emitting polymer material include polyfluorene derivatives such as poly (9,9-dialkylfluorene) (PDAF), poly (2-methoxy-5- (2′-ethylhexoxy) -1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH). -PPV) and the like, polythiophene derivatives such as poly (3-alkylthiophene) (PAT), polyvinylcarbazole (PVCz) and the like.
- PDAF poly (9,9-dialkylfluorene)
- MEH 2-methoxy-5- (2′-ethylhexoxy) -1,4-phenylenevinylene
- PVT polythiophene derivatives
- PVCz polyvinylcarbazole
- Examples of the solvent include toluene, xylene, chloroform and the like.
- Examples of the dissolution or uniform dispersion method include methods such as stirring, heating and stirring, and ultrasonic dispersion.
- the coating method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an inkjet method, a spray method, a dip method, a spin coating method, a transfer printing method, a roll coating method, and a brush coating.
- the application is preferably performed under an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon.
- the firing method a method of heating with an oven or a hot plate under an inert gas or in a vacuum can be mentioned.
- An example of the method for producing the organic EL device of the present invention when the thin film obtained from the charge transporting varnish of the present invention is a hole transport layer is as follows.
- a hole injection layer is formed on the anode substrate.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention is applied and baked by the above-described method to produce a hole transporting layer.
- a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a cathode are provided in this order. Examples of the formation method and specific examples of the light emitting layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer are the same as those described above.
- coating method wet process
- a material for forming the hole injection layer copper phthalocyanine, titanium oxide phthalocyanine, platinum phthalocyanine, pyrazino [2,3-f] [1,10] phenanthroline-2,3-dicarbonitrile, N, N, N ′ , N′-Tetrakis (4-methoxyphenyl) benzidine, 2,7-bis [N, N-bis (4-methoxy-phenyl) amino] -9,9-spirobifluorene, 2,2′-bis [N , N-bis (4-methoxy-phenyl) amino] -9,9-spirobifluorene, N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-di [4- (N, N-ditolylamino) phenyl] benzidine, N , N′-diphenyl-N, N′-di [4- (N, N-diphenylamino) phenyl] benzidine, N 4 , N
- Examples of the anode material, the light emitting layer, the light emitting dopant, the material for forming the electron transport layer and the electron block layer, and the cathode material include the same materials as described above.
- An example of the method for producing the organic EL device of the present invention when the thin film obtained from the charge transporting varnish of the present invention is a hole injection transport layer is as follows.
- a hole injection transport layer is formed on the anode substrate, and a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and a cathode are provided in this order on the hole injection transport layer.
- Examples of the formation method and specific examples of the light emitting layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer include the same ones as described above.
- Examples of the anode material, the light emitting layer, the light emitting dopant, the material for forming the electron transport layer and the electron block layer, and the cathode material include the same materials as described above.
- a hole block layer, an electron block layer, or the like may be provided between the electrode and any of the layers as necessary.
- a material for forming the electron blocking layer tris (phenylpyrazole) iridium and the like can be given.
- the materials that make up the anode and cathode and the layer formed between them differ depending on whether a device having a bottom mission structure or a top emission structure is manufactured. .
- a transparent anode is used on the substrate side, and light is extracted from the substrate side
- a reflective anode made of metal is used in the opposite direction to the substrate.
- Light is extracted from a certain transparent electrode (cathode) side. Therefore, for example, regarding the anode material, a transparent anode such as ITO is used when manufacturing an element having a bottom emission structure, and a reflective anode such as Al / Nd is used when manufacturing an element having a top emission structure.
- the organic EL device of the present invention may be sealed together with a water catching agent or the like according to a standard method in order to prevent deterioration of characteristics.
- Example 1-2 Comparative example 1-1
- a charge transporting varnish was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that Compound 4 (Example 1-2) or Compound 6 (Comparative Example 1-1) was used instead of Compound 3.
- Example 1-3 Under nitrogen atmosphere, 0.037 g of Compound 3, 0.051 g of arylsulfonic acid represented by the formula (S1) and 0.022 g of phosphotungstic acid are dissolved in 4.2 g of 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone. I let you. Thereto, 0.6 g of cyclohexanol and 0.6 g of propylene glycol were added and stirred to prepare a charge transporting varnish.
- Example 1-4 Comparative example 1-2
- a charge transporting varnish was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-3, except that Compound 4 (Example 1-4) or Compound 6 (Comparative Example 1-2) was used instead of Compound 3.
- Example 2-1 Preparation and characteristic evaluation of organic EL element
- the varnish obtained in Example 1-2 was applied to an ITO substrate using a spin coater, then dried at 80 ° C. for 5 minutes, and further baked at 230 ° C. for 10 minutes in an air atmosphere to be 30 nm on the ITO substrate. A uniform thin film was formed.
- As the ITO substrate a glass substrate of 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 0.7 t with indium tin oxide (ITO) patterned to a thickness of 150 nm on the surface is used, and an O 2 plasma cleaning device (150 W, 30 seconds) before use. To remove impurities on the surface.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- a thin film of Alq 3 , lithium fluoride, and aluminum was sequentially laminated on the ITO substrate on which the thin film was formed using a vapor deposition apparatus (degree of vacuum 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa) to obtain an organic EL element.
- the deposition rate was set to 0.2 nm / second for Alq 3 and aluminum, and 0.02 nm / second for lithium fluoride, and the film thicknesses were set to 40 nm, 0.5 nm, and 120 nm, respectively.
- the characteristic was evaluated. Sealing was performed according to the following procedure.
- the organic EL element is placed between the sealing substrates, and the sealing substrate is adhesive (MORESCO Co., Ltd., Mores Moisture Cut WB90US (P)) Was pasted together.
- a water-absorbing agent manufactured by Dynic Co., Ltd., HD-071010W-40 was placed in the sealing substrate together with the organic EL element.
- the bonded sealing substrate was irradiated with UV light (wavelength 365 nm, irradiation amount 6,000 mJ / cm 2 ), and then annealed at 80 ° C. for 1 hour to cure the adhesive.
- Example 2-2 In place of the varnish obtained in Example 1-2, the varnish obtained in Example 1-3 was used. Between the thin film formed using the varnish and the Alq 3 thin film, a vapor deposition apparatus (vacuum degree) An organic EL element was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that an ⁇ -NPD thin film was formed using 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa). For ⁇ -NPD, the deposition rate was 0.02 nm / second and the film thickness was 30 nm.
- the HOMO level of the thin film of Example 3-2 is close to the HOMO level (5.5 eV) of the ⁇ -NPD deposited film as the hole transport material, and the thin film emits light. It is expected that the hole transportability to the layer (for example, Alq 3 deposited film in Example 2-1) is excellent, and the HOMO level of the thin film of Example 3-3 is the HOMO level of the ⁇ -NPD deposited film. Deeper than that, the thin film is expected to have excellent hole injection properties into the hole transport layer.
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Abstract
Description
1.式(1)で表されることを特徴とするフルオレン誘導体。
R3及びR4は、互いに独立して、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニルオキシ基、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニルオキシ基、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~20のアリール基、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のヘテロアリール基、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~20のアリールオキシ基、又はZ2で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のヘテロアリールオキシ基を表し、各R3及び各R4は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよく、
Z1は、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~20のアリール基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のヘテロアリール基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニルオキシ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニルオキシ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~20のアリール基、又はZ3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のヘテロアリール基を表し、
Z2は、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニルオキシ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニルオキシ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~20のアリール基、又はZ3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のヘテロアリール基を表し、
Z3は、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基又はシアノ基を表し、
n1及びn2は、それぞれ置換基R3及びR4の数を表し、互いに独立して、0~3の整数であり、
Ar1及びAr2は、互いに独立して、式(A1)~(A13)で表されるいずれかの基を表す。
n3~n6は、置換基Rの数を表し、n3は0~3の整数を表し、n4は0~4の整数を表し、n5は0~5の整数を表し、n6は0~7の整数を表し、各n3~n6は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。)]
2.R1及びR2が、ともに少なくとも1つのエーテル構造を含む炭素数2~20のアルキル基である1のフルオレン誘導体。
3.n1及びn2が、ともに0である1又は2のフルオレン誘導体。
4.1~3のいずれかのフルオレン誘導体からなる電荷輸送性物質。
5.4の電荷輸送性物質、及び有機溶媒を含有する電荷輸送性ワニス。
6.更にドーパントを含む5の電荷輸送性ワニス。
7.5又は6の電荷輸送性ワニスを用いて作製される電荷輸送性薄膜。
8.7の電荷輸送性薄膜を有する有機EL素子。
9.式(1'')又は(1''')で表されるボロン酸エステル体と、式(A')及び(A'')で表される化合物とを、触媒存在下でクロスカップリング反応させることを特徴とする1のフルオレン誘導体の製造方法。
本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスから作製した薄膜は高い電荷輸送性を示すため、有機EL素子をはじめとした電子デバイス用薄膜として好適に用いることができる。特に、本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスから得られる薄膜は、適度なイオン化ポテンシャルを有することから、有機EL素子の正孔注入層として好適に用いることができる。
また、本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスは、スピンコート法やスリットコート法等、大面積に成膜可能な各種ウェットプロセスを用いた場合でも電荷輸送性に優れた薄膜を再現性よく製造できるため、近年の有機EL素子の分野における進展にも十分対応できる。
-(RAO)r-RB (A)
-(CH2CH2O)r-CH3 (B)
(式中、RAは炭素数1~4の直鎖状又は分岐状のアルキレン基を表し、RBは炭素数1~[20-(RAの炭素数)×r]の直鎖状又は分岐状のアルキル基を表し、rは1~9の整数である。rは、ドーパントとの相溶性の観点から、好ましくは2以上、より好ましくは3以上であり、原料化合物の入手容易性の観点から、好ましくは5以下、より好ましくは4以下である。)
-CH2CH2O(CH2)5CH3、-CH2CH2OCH(CH3)(CH2)3CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH(CH3)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)2CH(CH3)CH2CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)3CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2OC(CH3)2(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2OCH(CH2CH3)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2OC(CH3)2CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2O(CH2)6CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)7CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH(CH2CH3)(CH2)3CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)8CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)9CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)10CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)11CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)12CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)13CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)14CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)15CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)16CH3、-CH2CH2O(CH2)17CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)3CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2CH2OC(CH3)3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)4CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH(CH3)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)2CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2CH2OC(CH3)3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH(CH3)(CH2)3CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)5CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH(CH3)(CH2)3CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH(CH3)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)2CH(CH3)CH2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)3CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2CH2OC(CH3)2(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH(CH2CH3)(CH2)2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OC(CH3)2CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)6CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)7CH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH(CH2CH3)(CH2)3CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH2CH2OCH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH3、-CH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)8CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)9CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)10CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)11CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)12CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)13CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)14CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)15CH3、-CH2CH2CH2O(CH2)16CH3等が挙げられる。
本発明のフルオレン誘導体は、下記スキームAにしたがって式(1')で表される中間体を合成した後、例えば、鈴木・宮浦カップリング反応を利用して合成することができる。
本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスは、前記フルオレン誘導体からなる電荷輸送性物質及び有機溶媒を含む。
電荷輸送性ワニスを調製する際に用いられる有機溶媒としては、電荷輸送性物質及び後述するドーパントを良好に溶解し得る高溶解性溶媒を用いることができる。
本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスは、得られる薄膜の用途に応じ、その電荷輸送能の向上等を目的としてドーパントを含んでもよい。ドーパントは、ワニスに使用する少なくとも1種の溶媒に溶解するものであれば特に限定されず、無機系ドーパント、有機系ドーパントのいずれも使用できる。
電荷輸送性ワニスの調製法としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、電荷輸送性物質、ドーパント等を高溶解性溶媒に溶解させ、そこへ高粘度有機溶媒を加える手法や、高溶解性溶媒と高粘度有機溶媒を混合し、そこへ本発明の電荷輸送性物質、ドーパント等を溶解させる手法が挙げられる。
本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスを基材上に塗布して焼成することで、基材上に電荷輸送性薄膜を形成させることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子は、一対の電極を有し、これら電極の間に、前述の本発明の電荷輸送性薄膜を有するものである。
(a)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
(b)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子注入輸送層/陰極
(c)陽極/正孔注入輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
(d)陽極/正孔注入輸送層/発光層/電子注入輸送層/陰極
(e)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/陰極
(f)陽極/正孔注入輸送層/発光層/陰極
(1)1H-NMR測定:日本電子(株)製、JNM-ECP300 FT NMR SYSTEM
(2)LC/MS:Waters社製、ZQ 2000
(3)基板洗浄:長州産業(株)製、基板洗浄装置(減圧プラズマ方式)
(4)ワニスの塗布:ミカサ(株)製、スピンコーターMS-A100
(5)膜厚測定:(株)小坂研究所製、微細形状測定機サーフコーダET-4000
(6)EL素子の作製:長州産業(株)製、多機能蒸着装置システムC-E2L1G1-N
(7)EL素子の輝度等の測定:(有)テック・ワールド製、I-V-L測定システム
(8)透過率測定:(株)島津製作所製、可視紫外線吸収スペクトル測定装置UV-3100PC
(9)イオン化ポテンシャル測定:理研計器(株)製、AC-3
1H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl3): δ 2.36(app t, J=7.2Hz, 4H), 2.78(app t, J=7.2Hz, 4H), 3.17-3.20(m, 4H), 3.28-3.31(m, 10H), 7.43-7.53(m, 4H), 7.57(dd, J=1.8, 14.7Hz, 2H).
LC/MS (ESI+) m/z; 529[M+1]+
反応終了後、セライトろ過し、ろ液を濃縮し得られた粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶出液:ヘキサン/酢酸エチル(4/1→2/1))で精製することにより、化合物2を無色固体(収量1.97g、収率37%)として得た。1H-NMR及びLC/MSの測定結果を以下に示す。
1H-NMR (300MHz, CDCL3): δ 1.39(s, 24H), 2.47(app t, J=7.2Hz, 4H), 2.68(app t, J=7.2Hz, 4H), 3.14-3.18(m, 4H), 3.27-3.30(m, 10H), 7.70(d, J=7.5Hz, 2H), 7.80(d, J=7.8Hz, 2H), 7.86(s, 2H).
LC/MS (ESI+) m/z; 640[M+NH4]+
反応終了後、セライトろ過し、ろ液の有機層を酢酸エチルにより抽出した。硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、濃縮し得られた粗生成物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(溶出液:ヘキサン/酢酸エチル(9/1→4/1→3/1→2/1→3/2→1/1))で精製することにより、化合物3を無色固体(収量0.52g、収率37%)として得た。1H-NMR及びLC/MSの測定結果を以下に示す。
1H-NMR (300MHz, CDCL3): δ 2.49(app t, J=7.2Hz, 4H), 2.86(app t, J=7.2Hz, 4H), 3.19-3.31(m, 14H), 5.83(brs, 2H), 6.97(t, J=7.2Hz, 2H), 7.12-7.19(m, 8H), 7.28-7.33(m, 4H), 7.56-7.62(m, 8H), 7.72(d, J=7.8Hz, 2H).
LC/MS (ESI+) m/z; 705[M+1]+
1H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl3): δ 2.48(app t, J=7.5Hz, 4H), 2.84(app t, J=7.5Hz,4H), 3.18-3.31(m, 14H), 7.04(t, J=7.2Hz, 4H), 7.14-7.19(m, 8H), 7.28-7.31(m,12H), 7.54-7.62(m, 8H), 7.72(d, J=7.8Hz, 2H).
LC/MS (ESI+) m/z; 857[M+1]+
1H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl3): δ 0.55(brs, 4H), 0.81(t, J=7.2Hz, 6H), 1.01-1.22(m, 20H), 1.39(s, 24H), 1.97-2.02(m, 4H), 7.70-7.74(m, 4H), 7.80(d, J=7.2Hz, 2H).
1H-NMR (300MHz, CDCl3): δ 0.78-0.83(m, 10H), 1.07-1.20(m, 20H), 2.01-2.03(m, 4H), 5.80(brs, 2H), 6.96(t, J=7.2Hz, 2H), 7.12-7.20(m, 8H), 7.28-7.33(m, 4H), 7.54-7.62(m, 8H), 7.74(d, J=8.1Hz, 2H).
LC/MS (ESI+) m/z; 725[M+1]+
[実施例1-1]
窒素雰囲気下で、化合物3 0.045gを1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン3.5gに溶解させた。そこへ、シクロヘキサノール0.5g及びプロピレングリコール0.5gを加えて攪拌し、電荷輸送性ワニスを調製した。
化合物3のかわりに化合物4(実施例1-2)又は化合物6(比較例1-1)を用いた以外は、実施例1-1と同様の方法で電荷輸送性ワニスを調製した。
窒素雰囲気下で、化合物3 0.037g、式(S1)で表されるアリールスルホン酸0.051g及びリンタングステン酸0.022gを、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン4.2gに溶解させた。そこへ、シクロヘキサノール0.6g及びプロピレングリコール0.6gを加えて攪拌し、電荷輸送性ワニスを調製した。
化合物3のかわりに化合物4(実施例1-4)又は化合物6(比較例1-2)を用いた以外は、実施例1-3と同様の方法で電荷輸送性ワニスを調製した。
[実施例2-1]
実施例1-2で得られたワニスをスピンコーターを用いてITO基板に塗布した後、80℃で5分間乾燥し、更に、大気雰囲気下、230℃で10分間焼成し、ITO基板上に30nmの均一な薄膜を形成した。ITO基板としては、インジウム錫酸化物(ITO)が表面上に膜厚150nmでパターニングされた25mm×25mm×0.7tのガラス基板を用い、使用前にO2プラズマ洗浄装置(150W、30秒間)によって表面上の不純物を除却した。
次いで、薄膜を形成したITO基板に対し、蒸着装置(真空度1.0×10-5Pa)を用いてAlq3、フッ化リチウム、及びアルミニウムの薄膜を順次積層し、有機EL素子を得た。この際、蒸着レートは、Alq3及びアルミニウムについては0.2nm/秒、フッ化リチウムについては0.02nm/秒の条件でそれぞれ行い、膜厚は、それぞれ40nm、0.5nm及び120nmとした。
なお、空気中の酸素、水等の影響による特性劣化を防止するため、有機EL素子は封止基板により封止した後、その特性を評価した。封止は、以下の手順で行った。
酸素濃度2ppm以下、露点-85℃以下の窒素雰囲気中で、有機EL素子を封止基板の間に収め、封止基板を接着材((株)MORESCO製、モレスコモイスチャーカットWB90US(P))により貼り合わせた。この際、捕水剤(ダイニック(株)製、HD-071010W-40)を有機EL素子と共に封止基板内に収めた。貼り合わせた封止基板に対し、UV光を照射(波長365nm、照射量6,000mJ/cm2)した後、80℃で1時間、アニーリング処理して接着材を硬化させた。
実施例1-2で得られたワニスのかわりに実施例1-3で得られたワニスを用い、当該ワニスを用いて形成した薄膜と、Alq3の薄膜との間に、蒸着装置(真空度1.0×10-5Pa)を用いてα-NPDの薄膜を形成した以外は実施例2-1と同様の方法で有機EL素子を作製した。なお、α-NPDについては、蒸着レートは0.02nm/秒とし、膜厚は30nmとした。
実施例1-2で得られたワニスのかわりに比較例1-1又は1-2で得られたワニスを用いた以外は、実施例2-1と同様の方法で有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例1-3で得られたワニスのかわりに比較例1-1又は1-2で得られたワニスを用いた以外は、実施例2-2と同様の方法で有機EL素子を作製した。
[実施例3-1~3-4]
実施例1-1~1-4で得られたワニスを、それぞれスピンコーターを用いて石英基板に塗布した後、大気中、80℃で1分間乾燥し、更に230℃で15分間焼成し、石英基板上に膜厚30nmの均一な薄膜を形成した。そして、形成した薄膜の透過率を測定した。透過率は可視領域である波長400~800nmをスキャンした。400~800nmの平均透過率を表2に示す。なお、石英基板は、プラズマ洗浄装置(150W、30秒間)を用いて表面上の不純物を除却してから使用した。
実施例3-1~3~3で作製した薄膜のIpを測定した。結果を表3に示す。
Claims (9)
- 式(1)で表されることを特徴とするフルオレン誘導体。
[式中、R1及びR2は、互いに独立して、水素原子、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基、炭素数2~20のヘテロアリール基、炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、炭素数2~20のアルケニルオキシ基、炭素数2~20のアルキニルオキシ基、炭素数6~20のアリールオキシ基、炭素数2~20のヘテロアリールオキシ基、又は少なくとも1つのエーテル構造を含む炭素数2~20のアルキル基を表し(ただし、R1及びR2の少なくとも一方は、前記アルコキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基、アルキニルオキシ基、アリールオキシ基、ヘテロアリールオキシ基及び少なくとも1つのエーテル構造を含むアルキル基のいずれかを表す。)、
R3及びR4は、互いに独立して、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニルオキシ基、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニルオキシ基、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~20のアリール基、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のヘテロアリール基、Z2で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~20のアリールオキシ基、又はZ2で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のヘテロアリールオキシ基を表し、各R3及び各R4は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよく、
Z1は、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~20のアリール基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のヘテロアリール基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニルオキシ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニルオキシ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~20のアリール基、又はZ3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のヘテロアリール基を表し、
Z2は、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニルオキシ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニルオキシ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~20のアリール基、又はZ3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のヘテロアリール基を表し、
Z3は、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基又はシアノ基を表し、
n1及びn2は、それぞれ置換基R3及びR4の数を表し、互いに独立して、0~3の整数であり、
Ar1及びAr2は、互いに独立して、式(A1)~(A13)で表されるいずれかの基を表す。
(式中、Rは、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、Z1で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルケニルオキシ基、又はZ3で置換されていてもよい炭素数2~20のアルキニルオキシ基を表し、各Rは、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよく、
n3~n6は、置換基Rの数を表し、n3は0~3の整数を表し、n4は0~4の整数を表し、n5は0~5の整数を表し、n6は0~7の整数を表し、各n3~n6は、互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。)] - R1及びR2が、ともに少なくとも1つのエーテル構造を含む炭素数2~20のアルキル基である請求項1記載のフルオレン誘導体。
- n1及びn2が、ともに0である請求項1又は2記載のフルオレン誘導体。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載のフルオレン誘導体からなる電荷輸送性物質。
- 請求項4記載の電荷輸送性物質、及び有機溶媒を含有する電荷輸送性ワニス。
- 更にドーパントを含む請求項5記載の電荷輸送性ワニス。
- 請求項5又は6記載の電荷輸送性ワニスを用いて作製される電荷輸送性薄膜。
- 請求項7記載の電荷輸送性薄膜を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
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| WO2016136425A1 (ja) * | 2015-02-27 | 2016-09-01 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | フッ素原子含有重合体及びその利用 |
| WO2020039708A1 (ja) | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-27 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
| JP2022190620A (ja) * | 2021-06-14 | 2022-12-26 | 日本放送協会 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法、表示装置及び照明装置 |
| JP7787655B2 (ja) | 2021-06-14 | 2025-12-17 | 日本放送協会 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法、表示装置及び照明装置 |
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| CN113631536B (zh) * | 2019-03-29 | 2025-06-10 | 日产化学株式会社 | 芴衍生物及其利用 |
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| CN106132921A (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
| KR20160140766A (ko) | 2016-12-07 |
| KR102340532B1 (ko) | 2021-12-20 |
| EP3124468B1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
| JP6418234B2 (ja) | 2018-11-07 |
| EP3124468A1 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
| CN106132921B (zh) | 2018-08-03 |
| US20170133589A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
| EP3124468A4 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
| TWI659011B (zh) | 2019-05-11 |
| JPWO2015146912A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
| TW201602059A (zh) | 2016-01-16 |
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