WO2015141768A1 - 非移行型のプラズマアークシステム、変換用アダプタキット、非移行型のプラズマアーク用トーチ - Google Patents
非移行型のプラズマアークシステム、変換用アダプタキット、非移行型のプラズマアーク用トーチ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015141768A1 WO2015141768A1 PCT/JP2015/058206 JP2015058206W WO2015141768A1 WO 2015141768 A1 WO2015141768 A1 WO 2015141768A1 JP 2015058206 W JP2015058206 W JP 2015058206W WO 2015141768 A1 WO2015141768 A1 WO 2015141768A1
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- Prior art keywords
- torch
- plasma arc
- welding
- power supply
- plasma
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
- B23K9/28—Supporting devices for electrodes
- B23K9/29—Supporting devices adapted for making use of shielding means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/28—Cooling arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/341—Arrangements for providing coaxial protecting fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3423—Connecting means, e.g. electrical connecting means or fluid connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3447—Rod-like cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
- H05H1/3457—Nozzle protection devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-transfer type plasma arc system, a conversion adapter kit, and a non-transfer type plasma arc torch.
- non-consumable conventionally called TIG welding (Tungsten Inert Gas welding) or GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc welding) such as plasma arc welding
- TIG welding Tungsten Inert Gas welding
- GTAW Gas Tungsten Arc welding
- Electrode-type gas shielded arc welding is used.
- TIG welding uses a TIG welding torch equipped with a non-consumable electrode and a torch nozzle, generates an arc between the non-consumable electrode ( ⁇ ) and the workpiece (+), and the workpiece is processed by the heat of the arc. Welding is performed while melting a material to form a molten pool (pool). Further, during welding, shielding gas is released from a torch nozzle surrounding the periphery of the electrode, and welding is performed while shielding the atmosphere (air) with this shielding gas.
- a plasma arc torch including a non-consumable electrode, a water-cooled insert tip (also referred to as a restraint nozzle), and a shield cap is used, and the gap between the non-consumable electrode and the insert tip is used.
- a plasma gas also referred to as a working gas
- the plasma flow (plasma jet) generated at this time is narrowed by the insert tip, and the wall effect (the effect of stabilizing the airflow of the plasma flow) due to the inner wall shape of the insert tip, and the thermal pinch effect obtained by cooling the insert tip
- a plasma arc having an increased energy density is generated by utilizing (the effect of contraction and high temperature by cooling the plasma flow from the surroundings). Further, the plasma arc is further narrowed down due to the thermal pinch effect caused by the shield gas released from the shield cap.
- plasma arc welding welding is performed using a plasma arc having such a high energy density and a narrowed arc shape as a heat source.
- Plasma arcs are classified into a transfer type and a non-transfer type.
- the transfer-type plasma arc is a method in which a current flows between the non-consumable electrode ( ⁇ ) and the workpiece (+), and can be applied only to a conductive workpiece.
- the non-transfer type plasma arc is a method in which a current flows between the non-consumable electrode ( ⁇ ) and the insert tip (+), and can be applied to a non-conductive workpiece.
- the plasma arc is used not only for the above-described welding application but also for brazing, joining, cutting, thermal spraying, melting furnace, and the like to the workpiece.
- the plasma arc torch and power supply device provided in the plasma arc system are generally more expensive than the TIG welding torch and power supply device provided in the TIG welding system.
- a dual-purpose torch that can be used as a TIG welding torch or a plasma arc torch by replacing a replacement part attached to the plasma arc torch body has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 it is necessary to prepare separate replacement parts for the case of using as a torch for TIG welding and for the case of using as a torch for plasma arc. Further, as the power supply device, a relatively expensive power supply device for plasma arc is used.
- a TIG welding method or a plasma welding method has been used as a non-consumable electrode type welding method for welding a workpiece (base material).
- the plasma welding method is superior in heat concentration as compared with the TIG welding method, so that the bead width is narrow, the welding can be performed at a high speed, and the distortion is small.
- Plasma welding methods include a plasma arc method (transfer plasma), a plasma jet method (non-transfer plasma), and the like.
- a plasma arc type welding system (plasma arc type welding machine) is a main type in which a torch, a minus terminal is connected to an electrode constituting the torch, and a plus terminal is electrically connected to a workpiece.
- Changeover switch provided on the wiring connecting the power supply, the pilot arc power supply electrically connected to the power supply through the wiring, and the insert tip (also referred to as “restraining nozzle”) constituting the pilot arc power supply and the torch.
- restraining nozzle also referred to as “restraining nozzle”
- the electrode constituting the torch is connected to the negative terminal of the main power source, and the positive terminal of the main power source and the insert tip constituting the torch are used. Connect with a positive electrode.
- the plasma jet system since no current flows through the workpiece, it is also used as a heat source for thermal spraying and a heat source for a furnace.
- the composite-type plasma welding system disclosed in Patent Document 2 includes a torch and a power supply device (hereinafter referred to as “composite-type plasma power supply device”).
- the plasma power supply device for the composite system has a main arc power supply (also referred to as “main power supply”), a pilot arc power supply, and a high-frequency device.
- main arc power supply also referred to as “main power supply”
- pilot arc power supply is electrically connected to the main arc power source and the insert tip. Since the composite type plasma welding system having the above-described configuration can obtain a stable plasma even at a very low current, it is possible to weld an ultra-thin plate which is difficult with the TIG welding method.
- TIG power supply device As a power supply device (hereinafter referred to as “TIG power supply device”) constituting the TIG welding system (TIG welding machine), a welding power source and a high-frequency device are used, and the configuration is very simple.
- the plasma power supply device is more expensive than the TIG power supply device, it is a factor that increases the cost of the plasma welding system. For this reason, even if the welding performance of the plasma welding system is good, there is a problem that it is difficult to adopt a plasma welding system that can obtain deep penetration due to the disadvantage that the cost at the time of initial investment is high.
- the first aspect of the present invention has been proposed in view of such a conventional situation, and a non-transfer type plasma arc system that can use a non-transfer type plasma arc at low cost and easily, and such a non-transfer type plasma arc system.
- a conversion adapter kit for converting a TIG welding torch into a non-transfer type plasma arc in a transfer type plasma arc system and a non-transfer type plasma arc torch having such a conversion adapter kit.
- the second part of the present invention is to provide a welding system and a plasma welding method capable of obtaining deep penetration while suppressing initial investment in the welding system.
- part 1 of the present invention provides the following means. (1) a non-consumable electrode torch for plasma arc that includes a non-consumable electrode as a cathode and an insert tip as an anode that is cooled by circulating a coolant and discharges a plasma arc to a workpiece; A power supply device for supplying electric power and gas to the plasma arc torch, the plasma arc torch comprising a non-consumable electrode for generating an arc with the workpiece, and a workpiece generated by the arc A torch nozzle for releasing a shielding gas toward the molten pool of the TIG welding torch, and the plasma arc torch surrounding the torch nozzle with respect to the TIG welding torch.
- Non-migration type plasma arc system (2)
- the plasma arc torch is attached in a state of being insulated from the attachment in a state of surrounding the periphery of the attachment, and includes a shield cap that discharges a shielding gas from the outside of the plasma arc.
- the non-migration type plasma arc system as described in (1) above, (3)
- the attachment includes a power feeding nozzle that surrounds the periphery of the tip side of the torch nozzle, and the plasma arc torch moves the non-consumable electrode in an axial direction so that the tip of the non-consumable electrode is fed to the power supply.
- Non-migration type plasma arc system ((4)
- the attachment includes a power feeding nozzle supported so as to be movable in the axial direction in a state of surrounding the tip side of the torch nozzle, and the plasma arc torch moves the power feeding nozzle in the axial direction.
- the power supply device includes a switching mechanism that switches the supply of electric power between the case where the plasma arc torch is used and the case where the TIG welding torch is used.
- the specifications of the power supply device those described in (15) to (23), which is the second part of the present invention, can be used.
- a TIG welding torch comprising a non-consumable electrode that generates an arc between the workpiece and a torch nozzle that discharges a shielding gas toward a molten pool of the workpiece generated by the arc as a cathode
- Adapter kit for conversion to a non-transition type plasma arc torch comprising a non-consumable electrode and an insert tip as an anode that is cooled by circulating a coolant and discharges a plasma arc to a workpiece
- An adapter kit for conversion comprising an attachment that is detachably attached to the TIG welding torch while surrounding the torch nozzle and functions as the insert tip.
- a TIG welding torch comprising: a non-consumable electrode that generates an arc with a workpiece; and a torch nozzle that releases a shielding gas toward a molten pool of the workpiece generated by the arc;
- a non-transition type plasma arc torch comprising the conversion adapter kit according to any one of 10) to (12).
- the 2 of this invention provides the following welding systems and plasma welding methods.
- An electrode an insert tip disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the electrode, a center gas supply channel that is disposed between the electrode and the insert tip and is supplied with a center gas, and an outer periphery of the insert tip Used for TIG welding system, and a shield cap disposed so as to surround the outer periphery, and a plasma welding torch disposed between the shield cap and the insert tip and having an outer gas supply channel to which an outer gas is supplied
- a first welding power source in which a plus terminal is electrically connected to the insert tip and a minus terminal is electrically connected to the electrode, and a welding power source used in a TIG welding system.
- a second welding electrode in which the plus terminal is electrically connected to the workpiece and the minus terminal is connected to the electrode. Welding system, characterized by having a more becomes the power supply.
- the first welding power source includes a high-frequency device or a high-voltage device, and the second welding power source supplies a welding current only while a welding current is supplied from the first welding power source.
- a welding power source used in a TIG welding system wherein a plus terminal is electrically connected to an insert tip of a plasma welding torch, and a minus terminal is electrically connected to an electrode of the plasma welding torch.
- the plus terminal is electrically connected to the workpiece
- the minus terminal is supplied with a current from a second welding power source connected to the electrode
- a transition type is provided between the workpiece and the electrode.
- a welding step of welding the workpiece by generating a plasma arc.
- a welding power source used in a TIG welding system wherein a plus terminal is electrically connected to an insert tip of a plasma welding torch, and a minus terminal is electrically connected to an electrode of the plasma welding torch.
- the positive terminal is electrically connected to the workpiece
- the negative terminal is supplied with current from the second welding power source connected to the electrode
- the high frequency start is performed by the high frequency device constituting the second welding power source.
- a high voltage start method using a high voltage device that constitutes the second welding power source instead of the high frequency device.
- plasma welding method characterized by having a welding step for welding of the workpiece.
- the plasma jet arc is generated by supplying a current of 4 A or more and 500 A or less by the first welding power source, wherein any one of (20) to (22) is provided. Plasma welding method.
- a non-migration type plasma arc system in which a non-migration type plasma arc can be used inexpensively and easily, and in such a non-migration type plasma arc system, TIG It is possible to provide a conversion adapter kit for converting a welding torch into a non-transfer type plasma arc, and a non-transfer type plasma arc torch including such a conversion adapter kit.
- FIG. 1A and 1B It is a side view of an example of the torch for TIG welding. It is principal part sectional drawing of an example of the torch for TIG welding. It is a figure which shows an example of the non-transfer type plasma arc torch and the adapter kit for conversion, and is a figure which shows the state by which the adapter kit for conversion was attached to the torch for TIG welding shown to FIG. 1A and 1B. It is a figure which shows an example of the non-transfer type plasma arc torch and the adapter kit for conversion, and is a figure which shows the state from which the adapter kit for conversion was removed from the torch for TIG welding shown to FIG. 1A and 1B.
- FIG. 1A and 1B shows the state by which the adapter kit for conversion was attached to the torch for TIG welding shown to FIG. 1A and 1B at the time of using the torch for plasma arcs as a TIG welding torch with a double nozzle structure.
- FIG. 1A and 1B shows the state by which the adapter kit for conversion was attached to the torch for TIG welding shown to FIG. 1A and 1B at the time of using the torch for plasma arcs as a TIG welding torch with a double nozzle structure.
- FIG. 1B shows the state by which the adapter kit for conversion was attached to the torch for TIG welding shown to FIG. 1A and 1B at the time of using the torch for plasma arcs as a TIG welding torch with a double nozzle structure.
- FIG. 1A and 1B shows the state by which the adapter kit for conversion was attached to the torch for TIG welding shown to FIG. 1A and 1B at the time of using the torch for plasma arcs as a TIG welding torch with a double nozzle structure
- FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the presence or absence of plasma treatment on the surface of a steel plate in Example 2-1. It is a photograph which shows the presence or absence of the plasma processing with respect to the surface of a glass plate in Example 2-2.
- Example 4 is a photograph showing a welding result obtained by welding a SUS304 plate under the conditions of Example 3-1.
- 4 is a photograph showing a welding result obtained by welding a SUS304 plate under the conditions of Example 3-1.
- It is a schematic diagram which shows the plasma spraying nozzle used in Example 3-2. 4 is a photograph showing the appearance of a base material after thermal spraying in Example 3-2. 4 is a photograph showing the appearance of a base material after thermal spraying in Example 3-2.
- 4 is a photomicrograph showing a cross section of a base material after thermal spraying in Example 3-2.
- 4 is a photomicrograph showing a cross section of a base material after thermal spraying in Example 3-2.
- Non-transfer type plasma arc torch and conversion adapter kit First, an example of a non-transfer type plasma arc torch and a conversion adapter kit to which the first aspect of the present invention is applied will be described.
- the plasma arc torch to which the first aspect of the present invention is applied consists of a diverted TIG welding torch.
- the TIG welding torch is used for a non-transfer type plasma arc. It consists of what has been converted to a torch. Therefore, in the plasma arc torch to which the present invention is applied, a general-purpose TIG welding torch that has been conventionally used can be used and connected to a TIG welding power supply device. .
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are side views of the torch 100 for TIG welding
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the torch 100 for TIG welding.
- the TIG welding torch 100 includes a non-consumable electrode 101 as a cathode, a collet 102 that supports the non-consumable electrode 101 inserted therein, and the non-consumable electrode 101 from the tip side.
- the non-consumable electrode 101 is made of a long electrode rod formed using a metal material having a high melting point such as tungsten.
- the tip of the non-consumable electrode 101 protrudes outward from the tip of the torch nozzle 105.
- the collet 102 is made of a substantially cylindrical member formed using a metal material having excellent electrical and thermal conductivity such as copper or copper alloy.
- the collet 102 has a through hole 102a penetrating in the axial direction, and supports the non-consumable electrode 101 inserted inside the through hole 102a so as to be slidable in the axial direction.
- a plurality of slits 102 b are provided in the circumferential direction on the tip side of the collet 102. The plurality of slits 102b are notched in a straight line from the tip of the collet 102 to a midway portion in the axial direction.
- tip part 102c between each slit 102b can be elastically deformed to a diameter reduction direction.
- a tapered portion 102d having a gradually reduced diameter is provided at the tip of the collet 102.
- the base end portion of the collet 102 is provided with a diameter-expanded portion 102e having a diameter larger than that of the periphery thereof.
- the collet body 103 is made of a substantially cylindrical member formed using a material excellent in electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity such as copper or copper alloy.
- the collet body 103 has a through hole 103a penetrating in the axial direction, and holds the collet 102 inserted from the base end side of the through hole 103a inside.
- the through hole 103a of the collet body 103 forms a flow path through which the shield gas supplied from the torch body 104 side flows.
- the tip of the collet body 103 is gradually reduced in diameter together with the through hole 103a, and only the non-consumable electrode 101 can be projected from the tip of the through hole 103a.
- a plurality of ejection holes 103b through which shield gas is ejected are provided side by side in the circumferential direction on the tip side of the collet body 103.
- the collet body 103 can be detachably attached to the torch body 104 by screwing the base end side thereof.
- the torch body 104 is a body fitting (not shown) formed using a conductive metal material having a lower thermal conductivity than the collet 102 or the collet body 103 described above, for example, a steel material such as mild steel or stainless steel, brass, or the like. And has a structure in which the body fitting is covered with an insulating resin.
- the main body bracket forms a power feeding section that supplies power to the non-consumable electrode 101 via the collet body 103 and the collet 102, and the inside has a flow path for supplying shield gas toward the collet body 103. Forming.
- the body fitting is detachably attached to the collet body 103 on one end side (front end side) and the torch cap 108 on the opposite side (rear end side) thereof by screwing, respectively.
- the main body bracket includes a connection portion at the tip of the extended portion schematic tubular downward from an intermediate portion of the cylindrical portion, connecting the first power cable C 1 detachably to the connecting portion It is possible.
- the first power cable C 1 is a so-called air-cooled power cable. Inside the power cable C 1 , for example, a power supply cable for supplying power to a main body bracket (power supply unit), a main body bracket ( A gas hose for supplying a gas containing a shielding gas and a plasma gas described later is provided in the flow path).
- a power supply cable for supplying power to a main body bracket (power supply unit)
- a main body bracket A gas hose for supplying a gas containing a shielding gas and a plasma gas described later is provided in the flow path).
- the torch nozzle 105 rectifies the shield gas ejected from the ejection hole 103b of the collet body 103.
- the torch nozzle 105 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape using ceramic having excellent heat resistance, and has a nozzle shape in which the tip side is gradually reduced in diameter.
- the torch nozzle 105 can be detachably attached to the outer periphery of the collet body 103 by screwing.
- the front gasket 106 is attached while being sandwiched between the torch nozzle 105 and the torch body 104.
- the torch cap 108 seals the rear end side of the torch body 104 together with the rear gasket 107, and is formed in a generally cap shape so as to accommodate the rear end side of the non-consumable electrode 101 inside.
- the torch cap 108 is detachably attached to the body fitting of the torch body 104 by screwing or the like. Further, when the torch cap 108 is attached to the torch body 104, the tip of the torch cap 108 presses the collet 102 toward the tip side while abutting against the base end of the collet 102.
- the distal end surface (tapered portion 102d) of the collet 102 inserted into the through hole 103a of the collet body 103 is pressed against the distal end surface of the through hole 103a, so that the distal end portion 102c of the collet 102 is elastic in the reduced diameter direction. Deform. Thereby, the tip portion 102 c of the collet 102 can sandwich the non-consumable electrode 101, and the non-consumable electrode 101 can be fixed in the collet 102.
- the amount of protrusion of the non-consumable electrode 101 from the tip of the torch nozzle 105 can be adjusted by performing a fixing operation with the torch cap 108. it can.
- the handle 109 is a portion that is gripped by the user, and is formed, for example, in a generally pipe shape and attached to an extended portion of the torch body 104.
- the first power cable C 1 can be connected to the connecting portion of the torch body 104 through the inside of the handle 109.
- a shielding gas from the tip of the torch nozzle 105 for example, a mixed gas obtained by adding hydrogen (H 2 ) to argon (Ar), or helium (He) to argon (Ar). Welding is performed by generating an arc between the non-consumable electrode 2 and the workpiece while discharging the mixed gas to which is added.
- FIG. 2A is an enlarged view of the main part of the plasma arc torch 1 and shows a conversion adapter kit 50 attached to the TIG welding torch 100.
- FIG. 2B shows a state where the conversion adapter kit 50 is removed from the TIG welding torch 100.
- 3A to 3D are configuration diagrams of the conversion adapter kit 50.
- 3A shows the conversion adapter kit 50 viewed from one side in the X-axis direction
- 3B shows the conversion adapter kit 50 in the Y-axis.
- 3C shows a view of the conversion adapter kit 50 viewed from one side (base end side) in the Z-axis direction
- 3D shows a view of the conversion adapter kit 50 in the Z-axis direction. The figure seen from the other side (front end side) is shown.
- the conversion adapter kit 50 is attached to the TIG welding torch 100 so that the TIG welding torch 100 is a non-transition type plasma arc torch 1. It is to convert to.
- the conversion adapter kit 50 includes an attachment 51 that is detachably attached to the TIG welding torch 100 while surrounding the torch nozzle 105.
- the attachment 51 is cooled by circulation of the cooling water (cooling liquid) W and functions as a water-cooled insert tip that discharges the plasma arc PA to the workpiece.
- the attachment 51 includes a main body 52 formed in a substantially cylindrical shape using, for example, a conductive metal material.
- the main body 52 has a through hole 52a penetrating in the axial direction, and the outer periphery of the torch nozzle 105 is fixed using a fixing means such as a fixing screw 53 in a state where the torch nozzle 105 is inserted from the base end side of the through hole 52a. Fixed to the part. Or it can also fix to the outer peripheral part of the said torch nozzle 105 by fitting in the outer peripheral part of the said torch nozzle 105, without using fixing means, such as the fixing screw 53.
- a water jacket (water channel) 54 through which the cooling water W flows is provided inside the main body 52.
- the outer peripheral portion of the main body 52 is provided with an inlet side connection portion 55 a for supplying the cooling water W to the water jacket 54 and an outlet side connection portion 55 b for discharging the cooling water W from the water jacket 54. It has been.
- the attachment 51 can removably connect the second power cable C2 to the main body 52.
- the second power cable C 2 is a so-called water-cooled power cable. Inside the second power cable C 2 , for example, a power supply cable for supplying power to the main body 52, a main body 52 A cooling hose for circulating cooling water (cooling liquid) inside is provided.
- the power supply nozzle 56 surrounding the periphery of the tip side of the torch nozzle 105 is provided at the tip of the main body 52.
- the power supply nozzle 56 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape using, for example, a conductive metal material, and has a shape in which a tip portion is narrowed inward.
- the power supply nozzle 56 is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the main body 52 by screwing in a state where the base end side is inserted inside the through hole 52a.
- the torch nozzle 105 is positioned by being brought into contact with the proximal end portion of the power supply nozzle 56 when inserted into the through hole 52a. Further, the tip of the non-consumable electrode 101 is drawn inward from the tip of the power supply nozzle 56.
- a shield cap 57 is attached to the attachment 51 via an insulating cap (insulating portion) 58. Since the shield cap 57 is not affected by heat as much as the main body 52 and the power supply nozzle 56, the shield cap 57 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape using, for example, a metal material such as stainless steel, and its tip is narrowed inward. It has a shape.
- the shield cap 57 is attached to the outer peripheral portion of the insulating cap 58 by screwing in a state of surrounding the periphery of the attachment 51.
- the insulating cap 58 is made of a substantially cylindrical member using an insulating material or the like.
- the insulating cap 58 is attached to the outer periphery of the main body 52 by screwing. Thereby, the shield cap 57 is attached to the attachment 51 in a state of being insulated by the insulating cap 58.
- a connection portion 59 for supplying the shield gas SG is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the main body portion 52.
- the attachment 51 can detachably connect a gas hose GH for supplying the shield gas SG to the connection portion 59.
- a gas lens (rectifying unit) 60 that rectifies the shield gas SG released from the shield cap 57 is disposed between the main body 52 and the shield cap 57.
- the gas lens 60 is made of a metal mesh member, is formed in a ring shape, and is held inside the shield cap 57 in a state where the main body 52 is inserted.
- the gas lens 60 is not always necessary, and may be omitted depending on circumstances.
- the non-consumable electrode 101 as the cathode ( ⁇ ) and the anode (+) are discharged while the plasma gas (working gas) PG is discharged from the tip of the torch nozzle 105.
- a plasma gas PG that is electrically converted into plasma is supplied to the attachment (insert chip) 51.
- the plasma flow (plasma jet) generated at this time is narrowed by the power supply nozzle 56, and the energy density is increased by utilizing the wall effect due to the inner wall shape of the power supply nozzle 56 and the thermal pinch effect obtained by cooling the main body 52.
- the generated plasma arc PA is generated. Further, the plasma arc PA is further narrowed down by receiving a thermal pinch effect by the shield gas SG emitted from the shield cap 57.
- the plasma gas PG and the shield gas SG are not particularly limited.
- an inert gas such as argon (Ar) or helium (He), or a mixture obtained by adding hydrogen (H 2 ) to argon (Ar).
- a gas, a mixed gas obtained by adding helium (He) to argon (Ar), or the like can be used.
- the shielding gas SG for example, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), an inert gas to which an oxidizing gas such as oxygen (O 2 ) or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is added, or a flammable gas may be used. Good.
- welding is performed using the plasma arc PA having a high energy density and the arc shape narrowed down to a cylindrical shape as a heat source.
- the TIG welding torch 100 can be easily converted to the plasma arc torch 1 by attaching the conversion adapter kit 50 to the TIG welding torch 100. Further, by using this plasma arc torch 1, it is possible to use a non-migration type plasma arc inexpensively and easily.
- the conversion adapter kit 50 is not limited to the structure of the attachment 51 in which the metal shield cap 57 is attached to the main body 52 via the insulating cap 58 described above.
- the insulating cap 58 is omitted. It is also possible to adopt a structure in which a metal shield cap 57 is directly attached to the main body 52. Further, the insulating cap 58 is omitted, and a structure in which a shield cap 57 made of an insulating material such as ceramic is directly attached to the main body 52, or the entire attachment 51 (however, the screw portion or the like is attached using heat resistant rubber or heat resistant resin). It is also possible to adopt a structure that insulates the entire attachment 51 by performing painting or ceramic spraying treatment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration example of a non-migration type plasma arc system 500 to which the first aspect of the present invention is applied.
- the plasma arc system 500 is connected to the plasma arc torch 1 and the power supply device 501 connected to the plasma arc torch 1 to supply power, plasma gas PG and shield gas SG, A cooling device 502 that is connected to the plasma arc torch 1 and circulates the cooling water W flowing through the attachment (insert tip) 51 is roughly provided.
- a power supply device for TIG welding is used as the power supply device 501. That is, in the plasma arc system 500 of the present embodiment, the TIG welding power supply device can be used together with the TIG welding torch 100.
- the power supply device 501 is not limited to the diversion of the TIG welding power supply device, and a plasma arc power supply device may be used.
- the cooling device 502 is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known cooling device can be used.
- the non-consumable electrode 101 and the negative terminal ( ⁇ ) of the power supply device 501 are electrically connected via the power supply cable E 1 in the first power cable C 1 . Further, between the positive terminal (+) is electrically connected via the power supply cable E 2 of the second power in the cable C 2 attachments 51 and the power supply 501.
- the plasma arc system 500 it is possible to supply the plasma gas PG through the liner LH air-cooled power cable C 1 to the plasma arc torch 1. Further, the shielding gas SG can be supplied to the plasma arc torch 1 through the gas hose GH.
- cooling hoses CH 1 of the second power in the cable C 2 is connected (not shown. In FIG. 4) and the connecting portion 55a of the inlet side connected to the power supply 501.
- the cooling hoses CH 2 connected to the cooling device 502 is connected to the outlet side of the connecting portion 56a (not shown in FIG. 4.).
- a cooling hose CH 3 that connects the power supply device 501 and the cooling device 502 is provided. Then, in the plasma arc system 500, it can be cooled while circulating cooling water W between the attachment 51 (main body 52) and the cooling device 502 through these cooling hoses CH 1, CH 2, CH 3 It has become.
- the first power cable C 1 , the second power cable C 2 , the gas hose GH, and the cooling hose CH 2 are assembled into one aggregate cable CA.
- the cables and hoses used in the plasma arc system 500 are not necessarily limited to those having the above-described configuration, and may be appropriately changed.
- the power supply device 501 using the TIG welding power supply device together with the plasma arc torch 1 converted by attaching the conversion adapter kit 50 to the TIG welding torch 100 is provided. It is possible to use a non-migration type plasma arc inexpensively and easily.
- the first aspect of the present invention is not necessarily limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- a switching mechanism 503 that switches power supply between when the plasma arc torch 1 is used and when the TIG welding torch 100 is used. Also good.
- the switching mechanism 503 includes a first power supply cable E 3 electrically connected to the positive terminal (+) of the power supply device 501 and a second power supply cable E 4 electrically connected to the attachment 51.
- a first power supply cable E 3 electrically connected to the positive terminal (+) of the power supply device 501
- a second power supply cable E 4 electrically connected to the attachment 51.
- the switching mechanism 503 is switched so as to be connected.
- the switching mechanism 503 is switched.
- the plasma arc torch 1 can also be used as a TIG welding torch having a double nozzle structure, as shown in FIGS. This case, the electrical connection between the positive terminal of the first feed cable E 3 and the third feeding cable E 5 through the workpiece S and the power supply 501 (+).
- the tip of the non-consumable electrode 101 protrudes outward from the tip of the power supply nozzle 56 from the state where the tip of the non-consumable electrode 101 is pulled inward from the tip of the power supply nozzle 56. State.
- the plasma arc torch 1 can be used as a TIG welding torch having a double nozzle structure.
- the feed nozzle (called inner nozzle.) 56 The first shielding gas SG 1 released instead of the plasma gas PG from that shield cap (outer nozzle .) from 57 emits a second shielding gas SG 2.
- the conversion adapter kit 50 has a function of converting the TIG welding torch 100 into a TIG welding torch having a double nozzle structure by being attached to the TIG welding torch 100.
- the conversion adapter kit 50 by removing the conversion adapter kit 50 from the plasma arc torch 1, the plasma arc torch 1 can be easily converted to the TIG welding torch 100.
- a TIG welding power supply device When a TIG welding power supply device is used as the power supply device 501, the function of the TIG welding power supply device can be applied to the plasma arc.
- a TIG welding power supply uses DC pulse control with a frequency of about 0.1 to 500 Hz. This DC pulse control is suitable for controlling arc heat.
- the TIG welding power supply apparatus uses AC frequency control with a frequency of about 30 to 400 Hz. This AC frequency control is suitable for applications that require a cleaning action. Further, the TIG welding power supply apparatus uses a control in which a DC pulse control having a frequency of about 0.1 to 20 Hz and an AC frequency control are combined. This control has an effect of suppressing the consumption of the non-consumable electrode 101.
- the power supply nozzle 56A may include an attachment 51A that is supported so as to be movable in the axial direction with respect to the main body 52A.
- . 8A shows the conversion adapter kit 50A viewed from one side in the X-axis direction
- FIG. 8B shows the conversion adapter kit 50A viewed from one side (base end side) in the Z-axis direction.
- 8C shows a cross-sectional view of the conversion adapter kit 50A with the tip of the non-consumable electrode 101 pulled in
- FIG. 8D shows a cross-section of the conversion adapter kit 50A with the tip of the non-consumable electrode 101 protruding.
- the figure is shown.
- the main body 52 ⁇ / b> A has a configuration that is divided into a fixed part 61 and a movable part 62.
- fixed part 61 is a part containing the through-hole 52a mentioned above.
- the movable portion 62 includes the water jacket (water channel) 54, the inlet side connecting portion 55a, the outlet side connecting portion 55b, the power supply nozzle 56A, the shield cap 57, the insulating cap 58, the connecting portion 59, and the gas lens 60. It is a part to include.
- the fixing portion 61 is fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the torch nozzle 105 using fixing means such as a fixing screw 53 in a state where the torch nozzle 105 is inserted from the base end side of the through hole 52a.
- the fixed portion 61 is provided with a storage recess 63 for storing the movable portion 62 and a pair of guide slits 65 a and 65 b for guiding a pair of guide screws 64 a and 64 b attached to the outer peripheral surface of the movable portion 62. ing.
- the movable portion 62 is housed inside the housing recess 63 with the pair of guide screws 64a and 64b engaged inside the pair of guide slits 65a and 65b.
- a compression coil spring 66 that urges the movable portion 62 toward the distal end side is housed inside the housing recess 63.
- the movable portion 62 can be moved in the axial direction relative to the fixed portion 61 while the pair of guide screws 64a and 64b are relatively moved (slid) inside the pair of guide slits 65a and 65b. It is possible. In addition, in the attachment 51 ⁇ / b> A, it is possible to push the movable portion 62 into the housing recess 63 against the urging force of the compression coil spring 66. Further, in the attachment 51A, the movable portion 62 can be fixed to the fixed portion 61 by tightening the guide screws 64a and 64b.
- the non-consumable electrode shown in FIG. 8C is obtained by moving the movable portion 62 including the power supply nozzle 56A relative to the fixed portion 61 in the axial direction. It is possible to switch between a state in which the tip of 101 is drawn inward from the tip of the power supply nozzle 56A and a state in which the tip of the non-consumable electrode 101 shown in FIG. 8D protrudes outward from the tip of the power supply nozzle 56A.
- the plasma arc torch 1 can be converted to a TIG welding torch having a double nozzle structure.
- the use of the plasma arc is not limited to the above-described welding, for example, brazing to a workpiece, joining of metal, resin, glass, etc., cutting as an alternative to a gas burner, surface treatment such as spraying, It can be widely used as a heat source such as a surface modification treatment, a melting furnace, other heat sources, and a plasma generation source.
- the plasma arc torch 1 can also be used as a transfer type plasma arc torch in which a current flows between a non-consumable electrode as a cathode ( ⁇ ) and a workpiece as an anode (+).
- the plasma arc torch 1 includes a general-purpose TIG torch (FIG. 14A) and components shown in an exploded view (FIG. 14D) (completed FIG. 1 (FIG. 14B) or Completion drawing 2 (FIG. 14C)).
- Completion FIG. 1 shows an assembly state diagram without a cover (FIG. 14B).
- Completion FIG. 2 shows an assembly state diagram with a cover (FIG. 14C).
- the electrode center straightening ceramic 151 is a guide for guiding the non-consumable electrode 101 to the center in an insulated state.
- the nozzle 153 is an outer shield nozzle installed at the front end of the main body.
- the insulator 155 is a part installed for the purpose of shielding gas leakage.
- the attachment fixing ring 157 is a ring that connects the main body 52 and the insulator 155.
- the main body insulating cover 159 is a cover that insulates the main body portion 52, and the cover 161 is a cover that covers the handle 109.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of a welding system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the insert tip 222 and the shield cap 224 constituting the plasma welding torch 212 are shown in cross section.
- the configuration other than the components of the welding system 210 is illustrated by a dotted line.
- a welding system 210 of the present embodiment includes a plasma welding torch 212, a power supply device 213, and wirings 216 to 219.
- the plasma welding torch 212 includes an electrode 221, an insert tip 222, a center gas supply channel 223, a shield cap 224, and an outer gas supply channel 225.
- the electrode 221 is a non-consumable electrode extending in one direction, and has a tip 221A having a sharp shape.
- the distal end portion 221 ⁇ / b> A is completely accommodated in the insert tip 222.
- the electrode 221 is made of a metal material having a high melting point.
- tungsten or a material obtained by adding an oxide (eg, thorium oxide, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, or the like) to tungsten can be used.
- the insert tip 222 has a cylindrical shape that is disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the electrode 221 so that a gap is interposed between the insert tip 222 and the electrode 221 (in other words, the center gas supply channel 223 can be formed). It is a member.
- the insert chip 222 has a cooling water flow path 222A capable of supplying cooling water therein.
- the cooling water flow path 222A supplies cooling water for cooling the electrode 221 into the cooling water flow path 222A, and is connected to a cooling water circulation unit 231 that collects cooling water that has contributed to cooling of the electrode 221.
- the shape of the distal end portion of the insert tip 222 is a shape whose diameter is reduced in the direction from the proximal end of the insert tip 222 toward the distal end.
- the tip of the insert tip 222 has an insert tip hole 222B that ejects a plasma arc generated from the electrode 221 to the outside of the insert tip 222. Since the plasma arc generated at the electrode 221 is subjected to a wall effect and a thermal pinch effect by the insert tip 222, it is constricted into an arc having a high energy density, and is ejected from the insert tip hole 222B.
- the center gas supply channel 223 is a substantially cylindrical space defined by the outer surface of the electrode 221 and the inner surface of the insert tip 222.
- the center gas supply channel 223 is connected to a center gas supply source 232 via a center gas supply line 233.
- the center gas is supplied from the center gas supply source 232 to the center gas supply channel 223, the center gas is supplied to the tip 221A of the electrode 221.
- an inert gas such as argon gas can be used.
- the center gas supply line 233 is provided with a flow meter for measuring the flow rate of the center gas and a flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting the flow rate of the center gas.
- the shield cap 224 is disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the insert tip 222 so that a gap is interposed between the shield cap 224 and the insert tip 222 (in other words, the outer gas supply channel 225 can be formed). It is a cylindrical member. The shape of the tip of the shield cap 224 is a reduced diameter.
- the outer gas supply channel 225 is a substantially cylindrical space defined by the outer surface of the insert tip 222 and the inner surface of the shield cap 224.
- the outer gas supply channel 225 is connected to the outer gas supply source 235 through the outer gas supply line 36.
- the outer gas is supplied from the outer gas supply source 235 to the outer gas supply channel 225, the outer gas is supplied to the distal end side of the plasma welding torch 212.
- the outer gas examples include an inert gas such as argon gas and helium gas, a mixed gas obtained by mixing argon gas and hydrogen gas, a mixed gas obtained by mixing argon gas and helium gas, and argon gas and helium.
- an inert gas such as argon gas and helium gas
- a mixed gas obtained by mixing argon gas and hydrogen gas a mixed gas obtained by mixing argon gas and helium gas
- argon gas and helium Use a mixed gas in which a gas and hydrogen gas are mixed, a mixed gas in which an oxidizing gas composed of argon, oxygen, or carbon dioxide is mixed, a mixed gas in which nitrogen is mixed in an inert gas such as argon or helium, or the like.
- the outer gas supply line 36 is provided with a flow meter for measuring the flow rate of the outer gas and a flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting the flow rate of the outer gas.
- the power supply device 213 includes a first welding power source 214 and a second welding power source 215 that is a power source that supplies a welding current only while a welding current is supplied from the first welding power source 214. Yes.
- the first welding power source 214 includes a high frequency device or a high voltage device.
- the second welding power source 215 is configured to have a high frequency device or a high voltage device.
- the power supply device 213 may be configured by a first welding power source 214 having a high frequency device and a second welding power source 215 having a high frequency device. That is, the same kind of welding power source may be used as the first and second welding power sources 214 and 215. In this case, the same kind of welding power source can be used as the first and second welding power sources 214 and 215. As a result, common parts can be used, and the standby power supply can be easily managed when the first and second welding power supplies 214 and 215 fail. In addition, since the same type of welding power source is used as the first and second welding power sources 214 and 215, the operation method of the welding power source becomes the same, so that the first and second welding power sources 214 and 215 are erroneously operated. Can be suppressed.
- the power supply device 213 may be composed of a first welding power source 214 having a high voltage device and a second welding power source 215 having a high voltage device. That is, the same kind of welding power source may be used as the first and second welding power sources 214 and 215. In this case, as the first and second welding power sources 214 and 215, the same effect as when the same high-frequency device is used can be obtained.
- the power supply device 213 may be constituted by a first welding power source 214 having a high-frequency device and a second welding power source 215 having a high-voltage device, or a first power source having a high-voltage device. You may comprise by the welding power supply 214 and the 2nd welding power supply 215 which has a high frequency device. In other words, different types of welding power sources may be used as the first and second welding power sources 214 and 215.
- the power supply device 213 includes the first welding power source 214 and the second welding power source 215 that is a power source that supplies the welding current only while the welding current is supplied from the first welding power source 214. , Is composed of.
- a high-frequency device constituting a conventional plasma power supply device has a high-frequency device or a high-voltage device that is used only for generating a pilot arc. That is, in the conventional plasma welding power source, the pilot arc is generated by the pilot arc power source and the high-frequency device, and the main arc is transferred between the electrode and the base material by being guided to the pilot arc.
- the conventional plasma power supply device does not use a high-frequency device for generating a main arc.
- a pilot arc is generated by the high-frequency device constituting the first welding power source, and then the first and second
- the pilot arc can be used as the main arc to transfer from the electrode to the base material more reliably (transition type). That is, in the present invention, the pilot arc can be smoothly transferred to the main arc by using the high-frequency devices provided in the first and second welding power sources 214 and 215.
- the first welding power source 214 is not a general conventional plasma power source device (specifically, a power source device including a plasma arc power source, a pilot arc power source, and a high frequency device), but is used in a general TIG welding system. This is an inexpensive welding power source.
- a high-frequency device for arc formation for example, a high-voltage device for arc formation, or a DC output current, initial current, crater current, gas preflow time, gas after-time, and current increase
- An adjustable welding power source such as slope time, current down slope time, pulse frequency, and pulse width can be used.
- the specifications of the first welding power source 214 include, for example, a DC output current of 4 A to 500 A, an initial current of 10 A to 500 A, a crater current of 10 A to 500 A, a gas preflow time of 0 seconds to 30 seconds, and a gas after time of 0 to 30 seconds, upslope time 0 to 10 seconds, current output 0 to 10 seconds, downslope time 0 to 10 seconds, current output 0 to 10 seconds, pulse frequency 0.1 Hz Up to 500 Hz and a pulse width of 5% to 95% can be used.
- the first welding power source 214 for example, an AC / DC welding power source capable of using both alternating current and direct current may be used. In this case, only the DC function of the AC / DC welding power source is used.
- the first welding power source 214 has a plus terminal 214A and a minus terminal 214B.
- the plus terminal 214 ⁇ / b> A is connected to one end of the wiring 216.
- the positive terminal 214 ⁇ / b> A is electrically connected to the insert chip 222 via the wiring 216.
- the minus terminal 214B is connected to one end of the wiring 217.
- the negative terminal 214B is electrically connected to the electrode 221 through the wiring 217.
- the first welding power source 214 configured as described above functions as a welding power source when performing non-migration type plasma welding.
- the second welding power source 215 is used in a general TIG welding system, not a general conventional plasma power source device (specifically, a power source device including a plasma arc power source, a pilot arc power source, and a high frequency device). This is an inexpensive welding power source.
- the second welding power source 215 is the same as the first welding power source 214 described above (specifically, a high-frequency device for arc formation, a high-voltage device for arc formation, or a DC output current). , Initial current, crater current, gas preflow time, gas after time, current up slope time, current down slope time, pulse frequency, pulse width, etc. can be adjusted, and these ranges are within the above-mentioned ranges. Welding power source) can be used.
- an AC / DC welding power source capable of using both alternating current and direct current may be used.
- welding is performed using only the DC function of the AC / DC welding power source.
- welding of aluminum or copper alloy uses an AC function.
- the second welding power source 215 has a plus terminal 215A and a minus terminal 215B.
- the plus terminal 215A is connected to one end of the wiring 218.
- the plus terminal 215 ⁇ / b> A is electrically connected to the workpiece 211 through the wiring 218.
- the minus terminal 215B is connected to one end of the wiring 219.
- the minus terminal 215 ⁇ / b> B is electrically connected to the electrode 221 through the wiring 219.
- the second welding power source 215 configured as described above functions as a welding power source when performing transfer type plasma welding.
- the power supply device 213 (welding power source composed of the first and second welding power sources 214 and 215) having the above configuration is, for example, about 1/10 to 1/3 of the price of a general conventional plasma power source device. Can be used. Thereby, cost reduction of the welding system 210 can be achieved.
- the first welding is achieved by including the power supply device 213 that is less expensive than a general conventional plasma power supply device (specifically, a power supply device including a plasma arc power supply, a pilot arc power supply, and a high-frequency device).
- a power supply device including a plasma arc power supply, a pilot arc power supply, and a high-frequency device.
- a first welding power source 214 and a second welding power source 215 are installed, and the electric energy supplied from the first and second welding power sources 214 and 215 is combined to generate a mother.
- the material is welded. Further, depending on the base material to be welded and welding conditions, it may be necessary to supply a larger amount of welding current. However, in Part 2 of the present invention, even in such a case, it can be handled by a free combination of general-purpose TIG welding power sources can do.
- the main arc can be stably maintained by always using a high-frequency device that is typically installed in a general-purpose TIG welding power source. That is, in Part 2 of the present invention, the necessary penetration depth can be ensured by the synergistic effect of the non-migration type and the migration type. Further, by setting the welding current to be higher, it is possible to obtain a deeper penetration than conventional plasma welding and realize a high-speed welding operation.
- the welding system of the present embodiment is a plasma welding torch 212 and a welding power source used in the TIG welding system.
- the plus terminal 214A is electrically connected to the insert tip 222, and the minus terminal 214B is electrically connected to the electrode 221.
- a power supply device 213 including a second welding power source 215.
- welding system 210 configured as described above can be used for non-keyhole welding, keyhole welding, and the like.
- the first plasma welding method of the present embodiment is a welding power source used in the TIG welding system
- the plus terminal 14B is electrically connected to the insert tip 222 of the plasma welding torch 212
- the minus terminal 214B is plasma.
- a welding power source used in the jet arc generation process and the TIG welding system from the second welding power source 215 in which the plus terminal 215A is electrically connected to the workpiece 211 and the minus terminal 215B is connected to the electrode 221.
- a transfer-type plasma anode is provided between the workpiece 211 and the electrode 221.
- a center gas is supplied to the center gas supply channel 223.
- center gas the gas mentioned above can be used.
- the flow rate of the center gas can be appropriately selected according to the purpose, but can be set, for example, within a range of 0.1 to 5 L / min.
- the outer gas may be supplied to the outer gas supply channel 225 or may not be supplied.
- a current is supplied between the electrode 221 and the insert tip 222 using the first welding power source 214, thereby generating a non-migration type plasma jet arc below the tip 221 ⁇ / b> A of the electrode 221.
- the magnitude of the current supplied by the first welding power source 214 between the electrode 221 and the insert tip 222 can be appropriately selected within the range of 4 A or more and 500 A or less from the performance range of the welding power source, for example. it can.
- the pilot arc may become unstable.
- the magnitude of the current supplied by the first welding power source 214 between the electrode 221 and the insert tip 222 is less than 4A, the pilot arc may become unstable.
- the magnitude of the current supplied by the first welding power source 214 between the electrode 221 and the insert tip 222 is greater than 500 A, the TIG welding power source sold at low cost cannot be used, resulting in an increase in cost. End up. Therefore, the introduction power of the welding power source can be suppressed by setting the magnitude of the current supplied by the first welding power source 214 between the electrode 221 and the insert tip 222 to 4 A or more and 500 A or less.
- the electric current which the 1st welding power supply 214 supplies is 20 A or more and 500 A or less, for example.
- the outer gas In the welding process, when the outer gas is not supplied to the outer gas supply channel 225 in the plasma jet arc generation process, the outer gas is supplied to the outer gas supply channel 225. In the plasma jet arc generation process, when the outer gas is supplied to the outer gas supply channel 225, the supply of the outer gas is continued.
- the outer gas has a function of blocking the melting part from the atmosphere.
- the method will be described by taking as an example the case of welding the workpiece 211 using a plasma jet arc and a plasma arc.
- the supply of the outer gas is maintained and the generation of the plasma jet arc is continued (the current supply from the first welding power source 214 is continued), and the electrode 221 and the workpiece are processed from the second welding power source 215.
- a plasma jet arc and a plasma arc are generated to weld the workpiece 211.
- the current supplied from the second welding power source 215 may be smaller or larger than the current supplied from the first welding power source 214.
- the current supplied by the second welding power source 215 can be appropriately selected within a range of 4 A or more and 500 A or less, for example.
- the welding process it is also possible to weld the workpiece 211 using only a plasma arc.
- the supply of the outer gas is maintained, the current is supplied between the electrode 221 and the workpiece 211 from the second welding power source 215, and then the generation of the plasma jet arc is stopped (the first In a state where the supply of current from the welding power source 214 is stopped), the workpiece 211 is welded only by the plasma arc.
- the current supplied by the second welding power source 215 can be selected as appropriate within a range of 4 A to 500 A, for example.
- the current supplied from the second welding power source 215 may be an AC arc waveform.
- the “cleaning process” refers to a process of removing the oxide film on the surface of the base material by collision of positive ions. In the cleaning process, if the electrode side is made positive, the electrode is consumed, and therefore a DC power source (electrode is positive) cannot be used as the second welding power source 215. Therefore, by using an AC arc waveform as the current supplied by the second welding power source 215, it is possible to remove the oxide film while suppressing electrode consumption.
- the welding system 210 may be used for preheating a base material that needs to be preheated using only the first welding power source 214 without using the second welding power source 215.
- the second arc power source 215 can be used to transition to the main arc.
- welding, brazing, soldering, thermal spraying, etc. may be performed, and other heat sources (for example, heat sources for furnaces, heat sources for post heat treatment, and many other heat sources such as glass heat processing) may be used.
- a plasma torch having a configuration using a general-purpose TIG torch for example, the torch disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-056528) may be used.
- the insert tip hole 222B of the plasma welding torch 212 is made larger than the electrode 221, and the electrode 221 protrudes from the tip of the insert tip 222B, so that it can be used for TIG welding. Good. Further, a TIG welding torch may be used instead of the plasma welding torch 212.
- an expensive power supply device for a conventional plasma welding system is provided by having the above-described plasma jet arc generation step and the welding step of welding the workpiece 211.
- the direct current power source for pilot arc disclosed in Patent Document 2 supplies a current for generating an arc.
- the current is generally a low current
- the first welding described in the present embodiment is used.
- the power source 214 it cannot contribute to the stable transition of the main arc.
- the second plasma welding method of the present embodiment is a welding power source used in the TIG welding system, in which the plus terminal 214A is electrically connected to the insert tip 222 of the plasma welding torch 212, and the minus terminal 214B is plasma.
- the “high frequency start method” means a start method using a high frequency at the time of arc start
- the “high voltage start method” uses a high voltage at the time of arc start. Refers to the start method.
- a high-frequency start method using a high-frequency device that constitutes the second welding power source 215, or a high-voltage that constitutes the second welding power source 215 instead of the high-frequency device instead of the high-frequency device.
- the workpiece 211 is welded by generating a transfer-type plasma arc between the workpiece 211 and the electrode 221 by the high voltage start method by the voltage device. It can be performed by the same method as the first plasma welding method, and the same effect as the first plasma welding method can be obtained.
- the second plasma welding method of the present embodiment has a high frequency that constitutes the second welding power source 215 even if the numerical value of the current supplied from the first welding power source 214 is small (for example, about 5 A).
- achieve the stable main arc transfer using an apparatus or a high voltage apparatus differs from the 1st plasma welding method demonstrated previously.
- a stable main arc transition is performed using a high-frequency device or a high-voltage device that constitutes the second welding power source 215, and in the first plasma welding method, the main arc transition is stable. Therefore, the current (electric energy) supplied from the first welding power source 214 is used.
- Example 1 In Example 1, welding was actually performed using the plasma arc torch 1.
- the welding conditions are as follows.
- Workpiece material Cold rolled steel plate (SPCC), plate thickness 1.6mm, 2 types of welding: lap joint
- Plasma gas Mixed gas of 93% Ar gas and 7% H 2 gas, flow rate 10 L / min
- Non-consumable electrode Tungsten electrode rod, diameter 4mm
- Feed nozzle 5mm inside diameter
- Brazing material phosphorus copper brazing Current: 180A
- the welded portion has a beautiful finish with no welding defects.
- Example 2-1 In Example 2-1, the plasma treatment (surface modification treatment) was actually performed on the surface of the steel sheet using the plasma arc torch 1.
- the processing conditions are as follows. Material of steel plate: Stainless steel (SUS304), plate thickness 0.7mm Plasma gas: 100% Ar gas, flow rate 5 L / min Feed nozzle: 5mm inside diameter Current: 100A
- FIG. 10 The left side (L) in FIG. 10 is the case without plasma treatment, and the right side (R) in FIG. 10 is the case with plasma treatment. As shown in FIG. 9, the wettability on the surface of the steel sheet was improved by the plasma treatment.
- Example 2-2 the plasma treatment (surface modification treatment) was actually performed on the surface of the glass plate using the plasma arc torch 1.
- the processing conditions are as follows. Glass plate material: float glass, plate thickness 2mm Plasma gas: 100% Ar gas, flow rate 5 L / min Feed nozzle: 5mm inside diameter Current: 50A
- FIG. 11 the photograph after a plasma processing is shown in FIG. Note that the left side (L) in FIG. 11 is the case without plasma processing, and the right side (R) in FIG. 11 is the case with plasma processing. As shown in FIG. 11, the wettability on the surface of the glass plate was improved by the plasma treatment.
- Example 3-1 is an example using the apparatus to which the plasma adapter of the present invention shown in FIG. 5 of Part 1 of the present invention is attached.
- the front and back beads of the welding results are shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B.
- a good bead appearance was obtained.
- Similar results were obtained when the system of FIG. 15 of Part 2 of the present invention (two TIG welders) was installed with the plasma adapter of Part 1 of the present invention.
- the processing conditions are as follows.
- Material of steel plate Stainless steel (SUS304), plate thickness 1mm Pilot gas (center gas): 100% Ar gas, flow rate 1.5 L / min Shielding gas (outer gas): 93% Ar gas and 7% H2 gas mixed gas, flow rate 7L / min Electrode diameter: ⁇ 2.4 Restraint nozzle inner diameter: ⁇ 2 Welding speed: 60 cm / min Welding current: 30A
- Example 3-2 is an example of plasma spraying.
- the shield gas (outer nozzle) in Fig. 5 is not used.
- Zn-2% Al powder and Zn wire were sprayed on the base material for blasting.
- FIG. 13A shows the plasma spray nozzle used.
- 13B and 13C show the appearance of the base material after thermal spraying, respectively.
- FIG. 13D and FIG. 13E each show a sprayed cross section. Respectively, the cross section of the base material after spraying was confirmed with a microscope, and it was confirmed that the spraying was soundly performed.
- the zinc aluminum plasma spraying conditions are as follows.
- a plasma jet arc was generated by supplying a current of 20 A from the first welding power source 214.
- a current of 100 A is supplied from the second welding power source 215, and after one second has elapsed, the supply of current from the first welding power source 214 is stopped, and a plasma arc of the second welding power source is ejected to the plate of SUS304.
- the workpiece 211 was welded.
- the plasma arc could not be maintained during welding.
- the configuration of the welding system 210 was the following configuration.
- a power supply device output current range is 10 to 350 A class
- the power supply device 213 first and second welding power sources 214 and 215) used in the experimental example is used.
- the power supply device was about 1 ⁇ 2 of the power supply device used in the plasma welding system.
- a tungsten electrode having an outer diameter of 3.2 mm was used as the electrode 221.
- the tip of the electrode 221 was disposed 5 mm inside from the tip of the insert tip 222.
- the diameter of the insert tip hole 222B of the insert tip 222 was 3.5 mm.
- the following conditions were used for welding conditions.
- an argon gas having a flow rate of 3 L / min and containing 7% H 2 was used as the center gas supplied to the center gas supply channel 223.
- the outer gas flow rate is the 7L / min, using an argon gas containing 7% H 2.
- the moving speed of the plasma welding torch 212 was 45 cm / min.
- the section to be welded was 10 cm.
- FIG. 16 is a photograph of the front and back surfaces of the plate material when the SUS304 plate material was welded under the conditions of the experimental example and Examples 3 and 2.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the penetration depth determined from the photograph shown in FIG.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the penetration depth determined from the photograph shown in FIG.
- Table 1 when the penetration depth is considerably deep and the back bead is continuous and clearly expressed, it is evaluated as “++”, and the penetration depth is slightly shallow and the back bead appears in part. “+” was given, and “ ⁇ ” was evaluated for those in which it was difficult to maintain the arc during welding.
- Example 3 In Example 3, using the same apparatus as the welding system 210 used in the above-described experimental example, the current of the second welding power source 215 to 100 A is supplied while the current of the first welding power source 214 is supplied to 20 A. Welding was performed. In Experimental Example 1, the same welding conditions as in the Experimental Example were used except that the first welding power source 214 was kept on. Then, after the welding process, the state of the front surface and the back surface of the workpiece 211 subjected to the welding process was observed. The results are shown in Table 1. In Example 3, a stable arc was obtained until the end.
- Example 4 In Example 4, using the same apparatus as the welding system 210 used in the above-described experimental example, the current supplied from the first welding power source 214 is changed to 100 A, and the current from the first welding power source 214 to 100 A is changed. While being supplied, welding was performed by supplying a current of 100 A from the second welding power source 215. In Example 4, the same process as in Example 3 was performed except that the current supplied from the first welding power source 214 was changed to 100A. Then, after the welding process, the state of the front surface and the back surface of the workpiece 211 subjected to the welding process was observed. The results are shown in Table 1. In Example 4, as in Example 3, a stable arc was obtained until the end, deeper penetration was achieved, and very good results were obtained.
- the first aspect of the present invention is a non-transfer type plasma arc system that can use a non-transfer type plasma arc inexpensively and easily, and a non-transfer type TIG welding torch in such a non-transfer type plasma arc system. It is possible to provide a conversion adapter kit for converting the plasma arc into a non-transfer type plasma arc torch equipped with such a conversion adapter kit.
- the second of the present invention can be applied to a welding system and a plasma welding method capable of obtaining deep penetration while suppressing an initial investment in the welding system.
- Non-consumable electrode 102 ... Collet 103 ... Collet body 104 ... Torch body 105 ... Torch nozzle 106 ... Front gasket 107 ... Rear gasket 108 ... Torch cap 109 ... Handle 110 ... Body fitting 151 ... Electric Center straightening ceramic 153 ... Nozzle 155 ... Insulator 157 ... Attachment fixing ring 159 ... Main body insulating cover 161 ... Cover 170 ... Wire 172 ... Wire guide 500, 500A ... Plasma arc system 501 ... Power supply device (power supply device for TIG) 502 ... Cooling device 503 ... switching mechanism PG ... plasma gas SG ... shielding gas PA ... plasma arc W ...
- cooling water (coolant) S workpiece C 1 ... first power cable C 2 ... second power cable CA ... collective cable E 1 , E 2 ... feeding cable LH ... liner GH ... gas hose CH 1 , CH 2 , CH 3 ... cooling hose
- 210 ... welding system, 211 ... workpiece, 212 ... plasma welding torch, 213 ... power supply, 214 ... first welding power source, 214A, 215A ... plus terminal, 214B, 215B ... minus terminal, 215 ... second Welding power source, 216 to 219 ... wiring, 221 ... electrode, 221A ... tip, 222 ... insert tip, 222A ... cooling water channel, 222B ... insert tip hole, 223 ... center gas supply channel, 224 ... shield cap 225 ... outer gas supply channel, 231 ... cooling water circulation section, 232 ... center gas supply source, 233 ... center gas supply line, 235 ... outer gas supply source, 236 ... outer gas supply line
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年3月19日に、日本に出願された特願2014-056528号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
一般的に、プラズマアーク方式の溶接システム(プラズマアーク方式の溶接機)は、トーチと、マイナス端子がトーチを構成する電極と接続され、かつプラス端子が被加工物と電気的に接続された主電源と、配線を介して、電源と電気的に接続されたパイロットアーク電源と、パイロットアーク電源とトーチを構成するインサートチップ(「拘束ノズル」ともいう)とを接続する配線に設けられた切替スイッチと、パイロットアークを発生させる高周波装置と、を有する。
プラズマアーク方式のプラズマ溶接システムを用いる場合、比較的溶け込みの大きい溶接を行うことが可能となる。
プラズマジェット方式では、被加工物に電流が流れないため、溶射の熱源や炉の熱源にも使用されている。
メインアーク電源(主電源)は、マイナス端子がトーチを構成する電極と接続され、プラス端子が被加工物と電気的に接続されている。パイロットアーク電源は、メインアーク電源及びインサートチップと電気的に接続されている。
上記構成とされた複合方式のプラズマ溶接システムは、非常に低電流でも安定したプラズマを得ることが可能であるため、TIG溶接法では難しい極薄板の溶接が可能となる。
このように、TIG用電源装置と比較して、プラズマ電源装置が高価であるため、プラズマ溶接システムのコストを高くする要因となっている。
このため、プラズマ溶接システムの溶接性能が良くても、初期投資時のコストが高いというデメリットにより、深い溶け込みを得ることの可能なプラズマ溶接システムを採用しにくいという問題があった。
(1) 陰極としての非消耗電極と、冷却液の循環により冷却されると共に、被加工物に対してプラズマアークを放出する陽極としてのインサートチップとを備える非移行型のプラズマアーク用トーチと、前記プラズマアーク用トーチに電力とガスとを供給する電源装置とを備え、前記プラズマアーク用トーチは、被加工物との間でアークを発生させる非消耗電極と、前記アークによって生じた被加工物の溶融池に向かってシールドガスを放出するトーチノズルとを備えるTIG溶接用トーチを流用したものからなり、前記プラズマアーク用トーチは、前記トーチノズルの周囲を囲んだ状態で、前記TIG溶接用トーチに対して着脱自在に取り付けられると共に、前記インサートチップとして機能するアタッチメントを備えることを特徴とする非移行型のプラズマアークシステム。
(2) 前記プラズマアーク用トーチは、前記アタッチメントの周囲を囲んだ状態で、前記アタッチメントに対して絶縁した状態で取り付けられると共に、前記プラズマアークの外側からシールドガスを放出するシールドキャップを備えることを特徴とする前記(1)に記載の非移行型のプラズマアークシステム。
(3) 前記アタッチメントは、前記トーチノズルの先端側の周囲を囲む給電ノズルを備え、前記プラズマアーク用トーチは、前記非消耗電極を軸線方向に移動させることによって、前記非消耗電極の先端が前記給電ノズルの先端よりも内側に引き込んだ状態と、前記非消耗電極の先端が前記給電ノズルの先端よりも外側に突き出した状態とに切り替わることを特徴とする前記(1)又は(2)に記載の非移行型のプラズマアークシステム。
(4) 前記アタッチメントは、前記トーチノズルの先端側の周囲を囲んだ状態で、軸線方向に移動自在に支持された給電ノズルを備え、前記プラズマアーク用トーチは、前記給電ノズルを軸線方向に移動させることによって、前記非消耗電極の先端が前記給電ノズルの先端よりも内側に引き込んだ状態と、前記非消耗電極の先端が前記給電ノズルの先端よりも外側に突き出した状態とに切り替わることを特徴とする前記(1)又は(2)に記載の非移行型のプラズマアークシステム。
(5) 前記電源装置は、TIG溶接用電源装置を流用したものからなることを特徴とする前記(1)~(4)の何れか一項に記載の非移行型のプラズマアークシステム。
(6) 前記電源装置は、前記プラズマアーク用トーチを使用する場合と、前記TIG溶接用トーチを使用する場合とで、前記電力の供給を切り替える切替機構を備えることを特徴とする前記(1)~(5)の何れか一項に記載のプラズマアークシステム。
(7)前記プラズマアーク用トーチのみを用いる溶接又はTIG溶接トーチのみを用いる溶接が可能であることを特徴とする(6)のプラズマアークシステム。
(8)前記電源装置はプラズマアーク用トーチ用電源とTIG溶接トーチ用電源の少なくとも2台の電源装置からなることを特徴とする(6)のプラズマアークシステム。その電源装置仕様については、下記本発明のその2である(15)~(23)に記載されているものも使用することが可能である。
(9) 前記プラズマアーク用トーチに接続されて、前記アタッチメント内を流れる冷却液を循環させる冷却装置を備えることを特徴とする前記(1)~(8)の何れか一項に記載のプラズマアークシステム。
(10) 被加工物との間でアークを発生させる非消耗電極と、前記アークによって生じた被加工物の溶融池に向かってシールドガスを放出するトーチノズルとを備えるTIG溶接用トーチを、陰極としての非消耗電極と、冷却液の循環により冷却されると共に、被加工物に対してプラズマアークを放出する陽極としてのインサートチップとを備える非移行型のプラズマアーク用トーチに変換する変換用アダプタキットであって、前記トーチノズルの周囲を囲んだ状態で、前記TIG溶接用トーチに対して着脱自在に取り付けられると共に、前記インサートチップとして機能するアタッチメントを備えることを特徴とする変換用アダプタキット。
(11) 前記アタッチメントの周囲を囲んだ状態で、前記アタッチメントに対して絶縁した状態で取り付けられると共に、前記プラズマアークの外側からシールドガスを放出するシールドキャップを備えることを特徴とする前記(10)に記載の変換用アダプタキット。
(12) 前記アタッチメントは、軸線方向に移動自在に支持された給電ノズルを備えることを特徴とする前記(10)又は(11)に記載の変換用アダプタキット。
(13) 被加工物との間でアークを発生させる非消耗電極と、前記アークによって生じた被加工物の溶融池に向かってシールドガスを放出するトーチノズルとを備えるTIG溶接用トーチと、前記(10)~(12)の何れか一項に記載の変換用アダプタキットとを備えることを特徴とする非移行型のプラズマアーク用トーチ。
(14) TIG溶接用電源装置に接続されて使用されることを特徴とする前記(13)に記載の非移行型のプラズマアーク用トーチ。
また、上記課題を解決するため、本発明のその2は以下の溶接システムおよびプラズマ溶接方法を提供する。
(15)電極、該電極の外周を囲むように配置されたインサートチップ、前記電極と該インサートチップとの間に配置され、センターガスが供給されるセンターガス供給用流路、前記インサートチップの外周を囲むように配置されたシールドキャップ、及び該シールドキャップと前記インサートチップとの間に配置され、アウターガスが供給されるアウターガス供給用流路を有するプラズマ溶接用トーチと、TIG溶接システムに使用される溶接電源であり、プラス端子が前記インサートチップと電気的に接続され、かつマイナス端子が前記電極と電気的に接続された第1の溶接電源、及びTIG溶接システムに使用される溶接電源であり、プラス端子が被加工物と電気的に接続され、かつマイナス端子が前記電極と接続された第2の溶接電源よりなる電源装置と、を有することを特徴とする溶接システム。
先ず、本発明のその1を適用した非移行型のプラズマアーク用トーチ及び変換用アダプタキットの一例について説明する。
なお、図1Aは、TIG溶接用トーチ100の側面図であり、図1Bは、TIG溶接用トーチ100の要部断面図である。
また、コレット102の先端部には、漸次縮径されたテーパー部102dが設けられている。一方、コレット102の基端部には、その周囲よりも拡径された拡径部102eが設けられている。
なお、図2Aは、プラズマアーク用トーチ1の要部を拡大したものであり、上記TIG溶接用トーチ100に取り付けられた変換用アダプタキット50を示す。図2Bは、上記TIG溶接用トーチ100に対して変換用アダプタキット50が取り外された状態を示す。
図3A~3Dは、変換用アダプタキット50の構成図であり、3Aは、変換用アダプタキット50をX軸方向の一方側から見た図を示し、3Bは、変換用アダプタキット50をY軸方向の一方側から見た図を示し、3Cは、変換用アダプタキット50をZ軸方向の一方側(基端側)から見た図を示し、3Dは、変換用アダプタキット50をZ軸方向の他方側(先端側)から見た図を示す。
次に、本発明のその1を適用した非移行型のプラズマアークシステムの一例について説明する。
図4は、本発明のその1を適用した非移行型のプラズマアークシステム500の一構成例を示す模式図である。
例えば、図5に示すプラズマアークシステム500Aのように、プラズマアーク用トーチ1を使用する場合と、TIG溶接用トーチ100を使用する場合とで、電力の供給を切り替える切替機構503を備えた構成としてもよい。
図14Dの分解図において、電極センター矯正セラミック151は非消耗電極101を絶縁状態で中心に誘導するガイドである。ノズル153は本体部先端に設置される外側のシールドノズルである。インシュレータ155はシールドガス漏洩を目的に設置される部品である。アタッチメント固定リング157は、本体部52とインシュレーター155を接続するリングである。本体絶縁カバー159は、本体部52を絶縁するカバーであり、カバー161はハンドル109を覆うカバーである。
図15は、本発明のその2の実施の形態に係る溶接システムの概略構成を模式的に示す図である。図15では、説明の便宜上、プラズマ溶接用トーチ212を構成するインサートチップ222及びシールドキャップ224を断面で図示する。また、図15では、溶接システム210の構成要素以外の構成を点線で図示する。
プラズマ溶接用トーチ212は、電極221と、インサートチップ222と、センターガス供給用流路223と、シールドキャップ224と、アウターガス供給用流路225と、を有する。
電極221の材料としては、例えば、タングステンや、タングステンに酸化物(例えば、酸化トリウム、酸化ランタン、酸化セリウム、酸化イットリウム、酸化ジルコニウム等)を添加した材料を用いることができる。
インサートチップ222は、その内部に冷却水を供給可能な冷却水用流路222Aを有する。冷却水用流路222Aは、冷却水用流路222A内に電極221を冷却する冷却水を供給するとともに、電極221の冷却に寄与した冷却水を回収する冷却水循環部231と接続されている。
インサートチップ222の先端部の形状は、インサートチップ222の基端から先端に向かう方向に対して縮径された形状とされている。
電極221において発生したプラズマアークは、インサートチップ222によってウォール効果及びサーマルピンチ効果を受けるため、絞られてエネルギー密度の高いアークとなり、インサートチップ孔222Bから噴出する。
センターガス供給源232からセンターガス供給用流路223にセンターガスが供給されると、電極221の先端部221Aにセンターガスが供給される。該センターガスとしては、例えば、アルゴンガス等の不活性ガスを用いることができる。
なお、図15には図示していないが、センターガス供給ライン233には、センターガスの流量を測定する流量計やセンターガスの流量を調整する流量調整用バルブが設けられている。
アウターガス供給源235からアウターガス供給用流路225にアウターガスが供給されると、プラズマ溶接用トーチ212の先端側にアウターガスが供給される。
なお、図15には図示していないが、アウターガス供給ライン36には、アウターガスの流量を測定する流量計やアウターガスの流量を調整する流量調整用バルブが設けられている。
第1の溶接電源214は、高周波装置または高電圧装置を有した構成とされている。第2の溶接電源215は、高周波装置または高電圧装置を有した構成とされている。
この場合、第1及び第2の溶接電源214,215として、同じ種類の溶接電源を用いることが可能となる。これにより、共通の部品を用いることが可能となり、第1及び第2の溶接電源214,215が故障した際の予備電源の管理を容易に行うことができる。
また、第1及び第2の溶接電源214,215として、同じ種類の溶接電源を用いることで、溶接電源の操作方法が同じになるため、第1及び第2の溶接電源214,215の誤操作を抑制することができる。
この場合、第1及び第2の溶接電源214,215として、同じ高周波装置を用いた場合と同様な効果を得ることができる。
一方、従来のプラズマ電源装置を構成する高周波装置は、パイロットアーク発生させるためだけに使用される高周波装置または高電圧装置を有した構成とされている。
つまり、従来のプラズマ溶接電源では、パイロットアーク電源及び高周波装置によって、パイロットアークを発生させ、該パイロットアークに導かれてメインアークが電極と母材と間に移行する。
つまり、本願発明では、第1及び第2の溶接電源214,215に設けられた高周波装置を使用することによって、パイロットアークをメインアークにスムーズに移行させることができる。
第1の溶接電源214としては、例えば、アーク形成用の高周波装置や、アーク形成用の高電圧装置、或いは、直流出力電流、初期電流、クレータ電流、ガスプリフロー時間、ガスアフター時間、電流アップスロープ時間、電流ダウンスロープ時間、パルス周波数、及びパルス幅等の調整可能な溶接電源を用いることができる。
第1の溶接電源214の仕様としては、例えば、直流出力電流が4A~500A、初期電流が10A~500A、クレータ電流が10A~500A、ガスプリフロー時間が0秒~30秒、ガスアフター時間が0秒~30秒、アップスロープ時間が0秒~10秒、電流出力が0秒~10秒、ダウンスロープ時間が0秒~10秒、電流出力が0秒~10秒、パルス周波数が0.1Hz~500Hz、パルス幅が5%~95%を用いることができる。
なお、第1の溶接電源214として、例えば、交流と直流との併用が可能な交直両用の溶接電源を用いてもよい。この場合には、交直両用の溶接電源の直流の機能のみを用いる。
マイナス端子214Bは、配線217の一端と接続されている。マイナス端子214Bは、配線217を介して、電極221と電気的に接続されている。
上記構成とされた第1の溶接電源214は、非移行式のプラズマ溶接を行う際の溶接電源として機能する。
第2の溶接電源215としては、先に説明した第1の溶接電源214と同様なもの(具体的には、アーク形成用の高周波装置や、アーク形成用の高電圧装置、或いは、直流出力電流、初期電流、クレータ電流、ガスプリフロー時間、ガスアフター時間、電流アップスロープ時間、電流ダウンスロープ時間、パルス周波数、及びパルス幅等の調整が可能で、かつこれらの範囲が上述した範囲内とされた溶接電源)を用いることができる。
なお、第2の溶接電源215として、例えば、交流と直流との併用が可能な交直両用の溶接電源を用いてもよい。この場合、被加工物211の材料としてステンレスや鉄等を用いる際には、交直両用の溶接電源の直流の機能のみを用いて溶接を行う。また、アルミや銅合金などの溶接は交流の機能を用いる。
マイナス端子215Bは、配線219の一端と接続されている。マイナス端子215Bは、配線219を介して、電極221と電気的に接続されている。
上記構成とされた第2の溶接電源215は、移行式のプラズマ溶接を行う際の溶接電源として機能する。
また、溶接する母材や溶接条件によって、より多くの溶接電流の供給が必要な場合があるが、本発明のその2では、このような場合でも、汎用のTIG溶接電源の自由な組み合わせによって対応することができる。
つまり、本発明のその2では、非移行式と移行式との相乗効果により、必要な溶け込み深さを確保することができる。また、溶接電流を高めに設定することにより、従来のプラズマ溶接よりも深い溶け込みを得ることができ、かつ溶接作業の高速化を実現できる。
つまり、溶接システム210への初期投資を抑制した上で、従来のプラズマ溶接システムと同等以上の溶け込み深さを得ることができる。
本実施の形態の第1のプラズマ溶接方法は、TIG溶接システムに使用される溶接電源であり、プラス端子14Bがプラズマ溶接用トーチ212のインサートチップ222と電気的に接続され、マイナス端子214Bがプラズマ溶接用トーチ212の電極221と電気的に接続された第1の溶接電源214から電流を供給することで、電極221とインサートチップ222との間に、非移行式のプラズマジェットアークを発生させるプラズマジェットアーク発生工程と、TIG溶接システムに使用される溶接電源であり、プラス端子215Aが被加工物211と電気的に接続され、マイナス端子215Bが電極221と接続された第2の溶接電源215から電流を供給すると共に、被加工物211と電極221との間に、移行式のプラズマアークを発生させることで、被加工物211の溶接を行う溶接工程と、を有する。
センターガスの流量は、目的に応じて適宜選択することが可能であるが、例えば、0.1~5L/minの範囲内で設定することができる。
このとき、アウターガス供給用流路225には、アウターガスを供給してもよいし、アウターガスを供給しなくてもよい。
このとき、第1の溶接電源214が、電極221とインサートチップ222との間に供給する電流の大きさは、例えば、溶接電源の性能範囲から4A以上500A以下の範囲内で適宜選択することができる。
したがって、第1の溶接電源214が、電極221とインサートチップ222との間に供給する電流の大きさを4A以上500A以下とすることで、溶接電源の導入コストを抑制することができる。
また、第1の溶接電源214が供給する電流は、例えば、20A以上500A以下とすることが好ましい。
このように、第1の溶接電源214が供給する電流を20A以上500A以下とすることで、プラズマジェットアークが安定するとともに、より深い溶け込みを得ることができる。
なお、プラズマジェットアーク発生工程において、アウターガス供給用流路225にアウターガスを供給した場合には、アウターガスの供給を継続させる。アウターガスは、溶融部を大気から遮断する機能を有する。
この場合、アウターガスの供給を維持し、プラズマジェットアークの発生を継続(第1の溶接電源214からの電流の供給を継続)させた状態で、第2の溶接電源215から電極221と被加工物211との間に電流を供給することで、プラズマジェットアーク及びプラズマアークを発生させて被加工物211の溶接を行う。
溶接工程において、第2の溶接電源215が供給する電流は、例えば、4A以上500A以下の範囲内で適宜選択することができる。
この場合、この場合、アウターガスの供給を維持し、第2の溶接電源215から電極221と被加工物211との間に電流を供給してから、プラズマジェットアークの発生を停止(第1の溶接電源214からの電流の供給を停止)させた状態で、プラズマアークのみで被加工物211の溶接を行う。
この溶接工程において、第2の溶接電源215が供給する電流は、例えば、4A以上500A以下の範囲内で適宜選択することができる。
ここでの「クリーニング処理」とは、プラスイオンが衝突することで母材の表面の酸化膜を除去する処理のことをいう。クリーニング処理では、電極側をプラスにすると、電極が消耗するので、第2の溶接電源215として直流電源(電極が正極)を利用することができない。そこで、第2の溶接電源215が供給する電流として、交流のアーク波形を用いることで、電極の消耗を抑制した上で、酸化膜を除去することができる。
また、汎用のTIGトーチ(例えば、特願2014-056528に開示されたトーチ)を用いた構成のプラズマトーチを用いてもよい。
第2の溶接電源215のみを用い、プラズマ溶接用トーチ212のインサートチップ孔222Bを電極221よりも大きくし、その電極221をインサートチップ222Bの先端から突出させることで、TIG溶接用として用いてもよい。また、プラズマ溶接用トーチ212に替えて、TIG溶接用トーチを用いてもよい。
したがって、溶接システム210への初期投資を抑制した上で、従来のプラズマ溶接システムと同等以上の溶け込み深さを得ることができる。
本実施の形態の第2のプラズマ溶接方法は、TIG溶接システムに使用される溶接電源であり、プラス端子214Aがプラズマ溶接用トーチ212のインサートチップ222と電気的に接続され、マイナス端子214Bがプラズマ溶接用トーチ212の電極221と電気的に接続された第1の溶接電源214を用いて、電極221とインサートチップ222との間に、非移行式のプラズマジェットアークを発生させるプラズマジェットアーク発生工程と、TIG溶接システムに使用される溶接電源であり、プラス端子215Aが被加工物211と電気的に接続され、マイナス端子215Bが電極221と接続された第2の溶接電源215から電流を供給すると共に、第2の溶接電源215を構成する高周波装置による高周波スタート方式、或いは該高周波装置に替えて第2の溶接電源215を構成する高電圧装置による高電圧スタート方式によって、被加工物211と電極221との間に、移行式のプラズマアークを発生させることで、被加工物211の溶接を行う溶接工程と、を有する。
第2のプラズマ溶接方法では、第2の溶接電源215を構成する高周波装置または高電圧装置を利用して、安定したメインアーク移行を行い、第1のプラズマ溶接方法では、メインアーク移行を安定的に行うために第1の溶接電源214から供給される電流(電気エネルギー)を利用している。
実施例1では、実際に上記プラズマアーク用トーチ1を用いて溶接を行った。その溶接条件は以下のとおりである。
被加工物の材質:冷間圧延鋼板(SPCC)、板厚1.6mm、2枚
溶接の種類:重ね継手
プラズマガス:93%Arガスと7%H2ガスの混合ガス、流量10L/min
非消耗電極:タングステン電極棒、直径4mm
給電ノズル:内径5mm
ろう材:リン銅ろう
電流:180A
図9中の囲み部分Qに示すように、溶接部分は、溶接欠陥のない美しい仕上がりとなった。
実施例2-1では、実際に上記プラズマアーク用トーチ1を用いて、鋼板の表面に対してプラズマ処理(表面改質処理)を行った。その処理条件は以下のとおりである。
鋼板の材質:ステンレス鋼(SUS304)、板厚0.7mm
プラズマガス:100%Arガス、流量5L/min
給電ノズル:内径5mm
電流:100A
図9に示すように、プラズマ処理によって鋼板の表面における濡れ性が向上した。
実施例2-2では、実際に上記プラズマアーク用トーチ1を用いて、ガラス板の表面に対してプラズマ処理(表面改質処理)を行った。その処理条件は以下のとおりである。
ガラス板の材質:フロートガラス、板厚2mm
プラズマガス:100%Arガス、流量5L/min
給電ノズル:内径5mm
電流:50A
図11に示すように、プラズマ処理によってガラス板の表面における濡れ性が向上した。
実施例3-1は、本発明のその1の図5に示す本発明のプラズマアダプタを取り付けた装置を用いた実施例です。溶接結果の表ビードと裏ビードを図12A、図12Bに示す。従来の溶接に比較して、良好なビード外観が得られた。また、本発明のその2(TIG溶接機2台)の図15のシステムを本発明その1のプラズマアダプタを取り付けた場合も同様の結果が得られた。その処理条件は以下のとおりである。
鋼板の材質:ステンレス鋼(SUS304)、板厚1mm
パイロットガス(センターガス):100%Arガス、流量1.5L/min
シールドガス(アウターガス):93%Arガスと7%H2ガスの混合ガス、流量7L/min
電極径:Φ2.4
拘束ノズル内径:Φ2
溶接速度:60cm/min
溶接電流:30A
実施例3-2はプラズマ溶射例です。図5のシールドガス(アウターノズル)は無い状態で実施した例です。
溶射母材ブラスト処理材にZn-2%Al粉末、Znワイヤを溶射した。図13Aは実施の用いたプラズマ溶射ノズルを示す。図13B、図13Cは其々、溶射後の母材の外観を示す。図13D、図13Eは其々、溶射断面を示す。其々、溶射後の母材断面を顕微鏡で確認し、健全に溶射されていることを確認した。亜鉛アルミニウム・プラズマ溶射条件は以下のとおりである。
電流電圧:300A 44V(13.2kW)
プラズマガス:93%Arガスと7%H2ガスの混合ガス、流量20L/min
溶射材:(1)Zn-2%Al粉末、粒度:53μm
(2)Znワイヤ、φ1.3mm
溶射距離: 100mm 程度
母材: ブラスト処理材
(発明のその2の実験例)
実験例では、図15に示す溶接システム210を用いて、被加工物211として、SUS304よりなる厚さ3mmの板材に対して、アークを噴出させ、プラズマ溶接用トーチ212を所定の方向に移動させることで、被加工物211の溶接処理を行った。
電源装置213を構成する第1の溶接電源214としては、パナソニック製のTIG用の溶接電源であるYC-300BP4(型番)を用いた。電源装置213を構成する第2の溶接電源215としては、パナソニック製のTIG用の溶接電源であるYC-500BP4(型番)を用いた。
一般的なプラズマ溶接システムで使用する電源装置(出力電流範囲が10~350Aクラス)を350万円とすると、実験例で使用した電源装置213(第1及び第2の溶接電源214,215よりなる電源装置)は、プラズマ溶接システムで使用する電源装置の1/2程度であった。
電極221としては、外径3.2mmとされたタングステン電極を用いた。電極221の先端は、インサートチップ222の先端から5mm内側に配置した。インサートチップ222のインサートチップ孔222Bの直径は、3.5mmとした。
センターガス供給用流路223に供給するセンターガスとしては、流量が3L/minとされ、7%H2を含むアルゴンガスを用いた。アウターガスとしては、流量が7L/minとされ、7%H2を含むアルゴンガスを用いた。
また、プラズマ溶接用トーチ212の移動速度は、45cm/minとした。溶接処理する区間は、10cmとした。
図16は、実験例、及び実施例3,2の条件でSUS304の板材を溶接したときの板材の表面及び裏面の写真である。
表1では、溶け込み深さがかなり深く、裏ビードが連続して、かつはっきりと表れたものを「++」と評価し、溶け込み深さがやや浅く、裏ビードが一部に表れたものを「+」とし、溶接の途中でアークの維持が困難となったものを「-」と評価した。
実施例3では、上述した実験例で使用した溶接システム210と同じ装置を用いて、第1の溶接電源214から20Aの電流を供給させたまま、第2の溶接電源215から100Aの電流を供給させることで、溶接を行った。実験例1では、第1の溶接電源214のオン状態を継続させたこと以外は、実験例と同じ溶接条件を用いた。
そして、溶接処理後、溶接処理された被加工物211の表面及び裏面の状態を観察した。
この結果を表1に示す。実施例3では、最後まで安定したアークが得られた。
実施例4では、上述した実験例で使用した溶接システム210と同じ装置を用いて、第1の溶接電源214から供給する電流を100Aに変更し、かつ第1の溶接電源214から100Aの電流を供給させたまま、第2の溶接電源215から100Aの電流を供給させることで、溶接を行った。実施例4では、第1の溶接電源214から供給する電流を100Aに変更させたこと以外は、実施例3と同様な処理を行った。
そして、溶接処理後、溶接処理された被加工物211の表面及び裏面の状態を観察した。
この結果を表1に示す。実施例4では、実施例3のときと同様に最後まで安定したアークが得られ、さらに深い溶け込みとなり、非常に良好な結果が得られた。
汎用的なTIG溶接電源を用いた場合、第1の溶接電源214から溶接電流が供給されていない状態で、第2の溶接電源215から溶接電流が供給されている被加工物211の溶接を行う場合において、アークの維持が困難になる場合があることが判った。
そして、第1及び第2の溶接電源214,215をオン状態とし、第1及び第2の溶接電源214,215から供給する電流を高くすることで、さらに深い溶け込みを得ることができることが確認できた。
Claims (14)
- 非移行型のプラズマアーク用トーチと、
前記プラズマアーク用トーチに電力とガスとを供給する電源装置とを備える非移行型のプラズマアークシステムであって、
前記プラズマアーク用トーチは、陰極としての非消耗電極と、冷却液の循環により冷却されると共に、被加工物に対してプラズマアークを放出する陽極としてのインサートチップとを備え
前記プラズマアーク用トーチは、
前記被加工物との間でアークを発生させる前記非消耗電極と、前記アークによって生じた前記被加工物の溶融池に向かってシールドガスを放出するトーチノズルとを備えるTIG溶接用トーチを流用したものと、
前記トーチノズルの周囲を囲んだ状態で、前記TIG溶接用トーチに対して着脱自在に取り付けられると共に、前記インサートチップとして機能するアタッチメントと
を備えることを特徴とする非移行型のプラズマアークシステム。 - 前記プラズマアーク用トーチは、前記アタッチメントの周囲を囲んだ状態で、前記アタッチメントに対して絶縁した状態で取り付けられると共に、前記プラズマアークの外側からシールドガスを放出するシールドキャップを備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非移行型のプラズマアークシステム。
- 前記アタッチメントは、前記トーチノズルの先端側の周囲を囲む給電ノズルを備え、
前記プラズマアーク用トーチは、前記非消耗電極を軸線方向に移動させることによって、前記非消耗電極の先端が前記給電ノズルの先端よりも内側に引き込んだ状態と、前記非消耗電極の先端が前記給電ノズルの先端よりも外側に突き出した状態とに切り替わることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の非移行型のプラズマアークシステム。 - 前記アタッチメントは、前記トーチノズルの先端側の周囲を囲んだ状態で、軸線方向に移動自在に支持された給電ノズルを備え、
前記プラズマアーク用トーチは、前記給電ノズルを軸線方向に移動させることによって、前記非消耗電極の先端が前記給電ノズルの先端よりも内側に引き込んだ状態と、前記非消耗電極の先端が前記給電ノズルの先端よりも外側に突き出した状態とに切り替わることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の非移行型のプラズマアークシステム。 - 前記電源装置は、TIG溶接用電源装置を流用したものからなることを特徴とする請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載の非移行型のプラズマアークシステム。
- 前記電源装置は、前記プラズマアーク用トーチを使用する場合と、前記TIG溶接用トーチを使用する場合とで、前記電力の供給を切り替える切替機構を備えることを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の非移行型のプラズマアークシステム。
- 前記プラズマアーク用トーチのみを用いる溶接又はTIG溶接トーチのみを用いる溶接が可能であることを特徴とする請求項6のプラズマアークシステム。
- 前記電源装置はプラズマアーク用トーチ用電源とTIG溶接トーチ用電源の少なくとも2台の電源装置からなることを特徴とする請求項6のプラズマアークシステム。
- 前記プラズマアーク用トーチに接続されて、前記アタッチメント内を流れる冷却液を循環させる冷却装置を備えることを特徴とする請求項1~8の何れか一項に記載の非移行型のプラズマアークシステム。
- TIG溶接用トーチを非移行型のプラズマアーク用トーチに変換する変換用アダプタキットであって、
前記TIG溶接用トーチは、被加工物との間でアークを発生させる非消耗電極と、前記アークによって生じた前記被加工物の溶融池に向かってシールドガスを放出するトーチノズルとを備え、
前記非移行型のプラズマアーク用トーチは、陰極としての非消耗電極と、冷却液の循環により冷却されると共に、被加工物に対してプラズマアークを放出する陽極としてのインサートチップとを備え、
前記トーチノズルの周囲を囲んだ状態で、前記TIG溶接用トーチに対して着脱自在に取り付けられると共に、前記インサートチップとして機能するアタッチメントを備えることを特徴とする変換用アダプタキット。 - 前記アタッチメントの周囲を囲んだ状態で、前記アタッチメントに対して絶縁した状態で取り付けられると共に、前記プラズマアークの外側からシールドガスを放出するシールドキャップを備えることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の変換用アダプタキット。
- 前記アタッチメントは、軸線方向に移動自在に支持された給電ノズルを備えることを特徴とする請求項10又は11に記載の変換用アダプタキット。
- TIG溶接用トーチと、
請求項10~12の何れか一項に記載の変換用アダプタキットとを備えることを特徴とする非移行型のプラズマアーク用トーチであって、
前記TIG溶接用トーチは、被加工物との間でアークを発生させる非消耗電極と、前記アークによって生じた被加工物の溶融池に向かってシールドガスを放出するトーチノズルとを備えることを特徴とする非移行型のプラズマアーク用トーチ。 - TIG溶接用電源装置に接続されて使用されることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の非移行型のプラズマアーク用トーチ。
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| US15/126,382 US10131013B2 (en) | 2014-03-19 | 2015-03-19 | Non-transferred plasma arc system, conversion adapter kit, and non-transferred plasma arc torch |
| SG11201607731QA SG11201607731QA (en) | 2014-03-19 | 2015-03-19 | Non-transferred plasma arc system, conversion adapter kit, and non-transferred plasma arc torch |
| JP2016508783A JP6487417B2 (ja) | 2014-03-19 | 2015-03-19 | 非移行型のプラズマアークシステム、変換用アダプタキット、非移行型のプラズマアーク用トーチ |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US10131013B2 (en) | 2018-11-20 |
| MY181317A (en) | 2020-12-21 |
| SG11201607731QA (en) | 2016-11-29 |
| US20170087659A1 (en) | 2017-03-30 |
| JPWO2015141768A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
| JP6487417B2 (ja) | 2019-03-20 |
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