WO2015141225A1 - 多層構造体およびその製造方法、それを用いた包装材および製品、電子デバイスの保護シートならびにコーティング液 - Google Patents
多層構造体およびその製造方法、それを用いた包装材および製品、電子デバイスの保護シートならびにコーティング液 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015141225A1 WO2015141225A1 PCT/JP2015/001528 JP2015001528W WO2015141225A1 WO 2015141225 A1 WO2015141225 A1 WO 2015141225A1 JP 2015001528 W JP2015001528 W JP 2015001528W WO 2015141225 A1 WO2015141225 A1 WO 2015141225A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- multilayer structure
- ion
- group
- coating liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 0 CCC1C*(*)CCC1 Chemical compound CCC1C*(*)CCC1 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J1/00—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes
- A61J1/05—Containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes for collecting, storing or administering blood, plasma or medical fluids ; Infusion or perfusion containers
- A61J1/10—Bag-type containers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material or by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
- B65D1/0207—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features
- B65D1/0215—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features multilayered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material or by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/02—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
- B65D1/0223—Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by shape
- B65D1/023—Neck construction
- B65D1/0246—Closure retaining means, e.g. beads, screw-threads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D31/00—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents
- B65D31/04—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents with multiple walls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
- B65D5/42—Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
- B65D5/4204—Inspection openings or windows
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
- B65D5/42—Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
- B65D5/56—Linings or internal coatings, e.g. pre-formed trays provided with a blow- or thermoformed layer
- B65D5/563—Laminated linings; Coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/40—Applications of laminates for particular packaging purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/42—Applications of coated or impregnated materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
- B65D75/40—Packages formed by enclosing successive articles, or increments of material, in webs, e.g. folded or tubular webs, or by subdividing tubes filled with liquid, semi-liquid, or plastic materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/18—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient
- B65D81/20—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure, or in a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
- B65D81/2007—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure, or in a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas under vacuum
- B65D81/2023—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure, or in a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas under vacuum in a flexible container
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
- H05B33/04—Sealing arrangements, e.g. against humidity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
- H10F19/804—Materials of encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/90—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers
- H10F19/902—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/10—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass the devices comprising amorphous semiconductor material
- H10F71/107—Continuous treatment of the devices, e.g. roll-to roll processes or multi-chamber deposition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/16—Material structures, e.g. crystalline structures, film structures or crystal plane orientations
- H10F77/169—Thin semiconductor films on metallic or insulating substrates
- H10F77/1698—Thin semiconductor films on metallic or insulating substrates the metallic or insulating substrates being flexible
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
- B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
- B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
- B32B2307/7246—Water vapor barrier
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
- B32B2439/40—Closed containers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K2003/329—Phosphorus containing acids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a multilayer structure and a manufacturing method thereof, a packaging material and a product using the same, a protective sheet for an electronic device, and a coating liquid.
- a gas barrier property such as oxygen is often required for packaging materials for packaging various items such as food.
- a packaging material having a low gas barrier property is used, the contents may be deteriorated due to oxidation by oxygen, rot of food due to propagation of microorganisms, or the like.
- the conventional packaging material generally includes a gas barrier layer for preventing permeation of oxygen or the like.
- a film containing a vinyl alcohol polymer for example, polyvinyl alcohol or ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer
- the layer containing the vinyl alcohol polymer has the advantage that it is transparent and has few problems in terms of disposal, but has the disadvantage of low water vapor barrier properties.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a gas barrier film in which a protective layer made of an organic compound is formed on an inorganic vapor deposition layer.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method of forming a metal phosphate coating on a molded article.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method of forming a coating layer using a solution containing an aluminum salt and a phosphate ester in an organic solvent.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method for forming a coating layer using a solution containing a silicon compound and an aluminum compound.
- Patent Document 5 describes a composite structure having a base material (X) and a layer (Y) laminated on the base material (X).
- the layer (Y) includes a reaction product, and the reaction product is a reaction product obtained by reacting at least a metal oxide and a phosphorus compound.
- the maximum absorption wave number region of 800 ⁇ 1,400cm -1 is in the range of 1,080 ⁇ 1,130cm -1.
- Patent Documents 6 and 7 disclose a multilayer structure that has excellent gas barrier properties and can maintain the gas barrier properties at a high level even when subjected to physical stress such as deformation or impact.
- JP 2006-175784 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 48-40869 Special table 2008-516015 gazette International Publication No. 2009/125800 International publication 2011/122036 JP 2013-208793 A JP 2013-208794 A
- one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a multilayer structure that is excellent in both gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties and has high resistance to physical stress. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a coating solution for producing the multilayer structure. Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel packaging material having high resistance to physical stress and a product using the same. Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide a protective sheet for electronic devices that has high resistance to physical stress and excellent gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties.
- the present inventors are excellent in both gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties by using a specific coating solution, and after receiving physical stress such as stretching.
- a coating layer having high both barrier properties can be formed.
- the present inventors have completed the present invention by further studying based on this new knowledge.
- the present invention is a multilayer structure comprising a substrate (X) and a layer (Y) laminated on the substrate (X), wherein the layer (Y) comprises a metal oxide (A) and Containing a phosphorus compound (B) and a cation ( Z ) having an ionic value (F Z ) of 1 or more and 3 or less, wherein the phosphorus compound (B) can react with the metal oxide (A);
- the number (N P ) satisfies the relationship 0.8 ⁇ N M / N P ⁇ 4.5, and in the layer (Y), the number of moles (N M ) and the number of moles of the cation (Z) number and (N Z), the ionic valence and (F Z), but to provide a multilayer structure
- the cation (Z) is lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, titanium ion, zirconium ion, lanthanoid ion, vanadium ion, manganese ion, iron ion, cobalt ion, nickel ion, copper ion, It may be at least one cation selected from the group consisting of zinc ions, boron ions, aluminum ions, and ammonium ions.
- the number of moles (N M ), the number of moles (N Z ), and the ionic value (F Z ) are 0.01 ⁇ F Z ⁇ N Z / N M ⁇ 0. 60 relationships may be satisfied.
- the phosphorus compound (B) is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, phosphonic acid, phosphonous acid, phosphinic acid, phosphinic acid, and derivatives thereof. Also good.
- the maximum absorption wave number in the region of 800 to 1,400 cm ⁇ 1 may be in the range of 1,080 to 1,130 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the substrate (X) may include at least one layer selected from the group consisting of a thermoplastic resin film layer, a paper layer, and an inorganic vapor deposition layer.
- the present invention relates to a metal oxide (A), a phosphorus compound (B) containing a site capable of reacting with the metal oxide (A), and a cation having an ionic value (F Z ) of 1 or more and 3 or less.
- the number of moles of metal atoms (M) constituting the metal oxide (A) (N M ) and the number of moles of phosphorus atoms derived from the phosphorus compound (B) (N P ) satisfies the relationship 0.8 ⁇ N M / N P ⁇ 4.5
- the number of moles (N M ), the number of moles of the cation (Z) (N Z ), and the ionic value (F Z ) are 0.001 ⁇ F Z.
- a method for producing a multilayer structure characterized by satisfying a relationship of ⁇ N Z / N M ⁇ 0.60.
- the production method of the present invention comprises a step [i] of preparing a second coating liquid (V) containing a polymer (G1) and a solvent, and a layer (W) disposed adjacent to the layer (Y). And a step [ii] of forming using the second coating liquid (V).
- the present invention provides one coating liquid (first coating liquid (U)).
- the coating liquid includes a metal oxide (A), a phosphorus compound (B) containing a site capable of reacting with the metal oxide (A), and a cation having an ionic value (F Z ) of 1 or more and 3 or less.
- cation (Z) is lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, titanium ion, zirconium ion, lanthanoid ion, vanadium ion, manganese ion,
- the present invention provides a packaging material including the multilayer structure.
- the packaging material may further have a layer formed by extrusion coating lamination.
- the packaging material of the present invention may be a vertical bag-filling sealing bag, a vacuum packaging bag, a pouch, a laminate tube container, an infusion bag, a paper container, a strip tape, a container lid, or an in-mold label container.
- the present invention provides a product using at least a part of any of the packaging materials described above.
- the product of the present invention may contain a content, the content is a core material, the inside of the product is decompressed, and may function as a vacuum heat insulator.
- the present invention provides a protective sheet for an electronic device including the multilayer structure.
- the protective sheet of the present invention may be a protective sheet that protects the surface of a photoelectric conversion device, an information display device, or a lighting device.
- the present invention provides an electronic device including the protective sheet.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention includes the predetermined layer (Y), it is excellent in both gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties, and both barrier properties are high even after the stretching treatment. Moreover, according to the manufacturing method of this invention, the said multilayer structure can be manufactured easily. Furthermore, according to this invention, the novel packaging material with high tolerance with respect to a physical stress and a product using the same are obtained. Furthermore, according to the present invention, an electronic device protective sheet having high resistance to physical stress and excellent gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties can be obtained. By using the protective sheet, an electronic device with little deterioration can be obtained even in a harsh environment.
- gas barrier property means the ability to barrier gas other than water vapor unless otherwise specified. Further, in this specification, when “barrier property” is simply described, it means both a gas barrier property and a water vapor barrier property.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows typically a part of extrusion coat laminating apparatus of this invention.
- the meaning of “lamination of a specific layer on a specific member (substrate, layer, etc.)” means that the specific layer is in contact with the member.
- the case where the specific layer is laminated above the member with another layer interposed therebetween is included.
- a specific layer is formed on a specific member (base material, layer, etc.)” and “a specific layer is arranged on a specific member (base material, layer, etc.)”.
- the meaning of “application of a liquid (coating liquid, etc.) on a specific member (base material, layer, etc.)” means that the liquid is directly applied to the member.
- the case where the liquid is applied to another layer formed on the member is included.
- a layer (Y) may be distinguished from other layers by attaching a symbol (Y), such as “layer (Y)”. Unless otherwise noted, the symbol (Y) has no technical meaning. The same applies to the substrate (X), the layer (W), the metal oxide (A), and other symbols. However, the case where it is clear to show a specific element like a hydrogen atom (H) is excluded.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention includes a base material (X) and a layer (Y) laminated on the base material (X).
- the layer (Y) contains a metal oxide (A), a phosphorus compound (B), and a cation ( Z ) having an ionic value (F Z ) of 1 or more and 3 or less.
- the phosphorus compound (B) contains a site capable of reacting with the metal oxide (A).
- the number of moles of metal atoms (M) constituting the metal oxide (A) N M
- a metal atom (M) means all the metal atoms contained in a metal oxide (A).
- multilayer structure means a multilayer structure including a substrate (X) and a layer (Y).
- the metal oxide (A) and the phosphorus compound (B) contained in the layer (Y) may be reacted. Further, the cation (Z) may form a salt with the phosphorus compound (B) in the layer (Y).
- the part constituted by the metal oxide (A) in the reaction product is regarded as the metal oxide (A).
- the phosphorus compound (B) is reacted in the layer (Y)
- the number of moles of phosphorus atoms derived from the phosphorus compound (B) in the reaction product is the number of phosphorus atoms derived from the phosphorus compound (B). It is included in the number of moles (N P ).
- the cation (Z) forms a salt in the layer (Y)
- the number of moles of the cation (Z) constituting the salt is included in the number of moles of the cation (Z) (N Z ).
- the multilayer structure of the present invention exhibits excellent barrier properties by satisfying the relationship of 0.8 ⁇ N M / N P ⁇ 4.5 in the layer (Y). Further, the multilayer structure of the present invention satisfies the relationship of 0.001 ⁇ F Z ⁇ N Z / N M ⁇ 0.60 in the layer (Y). Excellent barrier properties even after physical stress such as
- the ratio of N M, N P, and N Z (molar ratio) can be regarded as equal to those of the ratio used in preparing the first coating liquid (U).
- the material in particular of base material (X) is not restrict
- the material of the substrate (X) include resins such as thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins; fiber aggregates such as fabrics and papers; wood; glass; metals; metal oxides and the like. Among these, a thermoplastic resin and a fiber assembly are preferable, and a thermoplastic resin is more preferable.
- the form of the substrate (X) is not particularly limited, and may be a layered form such as a film or a sheet.
- base material (X) what contains at least 1 sort (s) chosen from the group which consists of a thermoplastic resin film layer, a paper layer, and an inorganic vapor deposition layer is preferable.
- the base material in this case may be a single layer or a multilayer.
- base material (X) what contains a thermoplastic resin film layer is more preferable, and in addition to a thermoplastic resin film layer, you may further contain inorganic vapor deposition layer (X ').
- thermoplastic resin used for the substrate (X) examples include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and copolymers thereof.
- Polyamide resins such as nylon-6, nylon-66, nylon-12, etc .; hydroxyl group-containing polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer; polystyrene; poly (meth) acrylic acid ester; polyacrylonitrile; Polycarbonate, polyarylate, regenerated cellulose, polyimide, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, ionomer resin, and the like.
- the material of the substrate (X) is preferably at least one thermoplastic resin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon-6, and nylon-66. .
- the substrate (X) may be a stretched film or an unstretched film.
- a stretched film, particularly a biaxially stretched film is preferred because the processability (for example, suitability for printing and lamination) of the resulting multilayer structure is excellent.
- the biaxially stretched film may be a biaxially stretched film produced by any one of a simultaneous biaxial stretching method, a sequential biaxial stretching method, and a tubular stretching method.
- Examples of the paper used for the substrate (X) include craft paper, fine paper, imitation paper, glassine paper, parchment paper, synthetic paper, white paperboard, Manila ball, milk carton base paper, cup base paper, ivory paper and the like. It is done. By using paper for the substrate (X), a multilayer structure for paper containers can be obtained.
- the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X ′) preferably has a barrier property against oxygen and water vapor, and more preferably has transparency.
- the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X ′) can be formed by vapor-depositing an inorganic substance.
- the inorganic substance for example, metal (for example, aluminum), metal oxide (for example, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide), metal nitride (for example, silicon nitride), metal nitride oxide (for example, silicon oxynitride), or metal Examples thereof include carbonitrides (for example, silicon carbonitride).
- an inorganic vapor deposition layer formed of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium oxide, or silicon nitride is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent barrier properties against oxygen and water vapor.
- the formation method of the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X ′) is not particularly limited, and a physical vapor phase such as a vacuum vapor deposition method (for example, resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy method), a sputtering method, an ion plating method, or the like. Growth method, thermal chemical vapor deposition method (for example, catalytic chemical vapor deposition method), photochemical vapor deposition method, plasma chemical vapor deposition method (for example, capacitively coupled plasma, inductively coupled plasma, surface wave plasma, electron cyclotron resonance) , Dual magnetron, atomic layer deposition, etc.), chemical vapor deposition such as metal organic chemical vapor deposition.
- a vacuum vapor deposition method for example, resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy method
- a sputtering method an ion plating method, or the like.
- Growth method thermal chemical vapor deposition method (
- the thickness of the inorganic vapor-deposited layer (X ′) varies depending on the types of components constituting the inorganic vapor-deposited layer (X ′), but is preferably in the range of 0.002 to 0.5 ⁇ m, preferably 0.005 to 0.00. More preferably, it is in the range of 2 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.1 ⁇ m. Within this range, a thickness that improves the barrier properties and mechanical properties of the multilayer structure may be selected.
- the thickness of the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X ′) is less than 0.002 ⁇ m, the reproducibility of the development of the barrier property of the inorganic vapor deposition layer against oxygen or water vapor tends to be reduced, and the inorganic vapor deposition layer has sufficient barrier properties. May not be expressed. Further, if the thickness of the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X ′) exceeds 0.5 ⁇ m, the barrier property of the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X ′) tends to be lowered when the multilayer structure is pulled or bent. .
- the method for forming the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X ′) is not particularly limited. Physical methods such as vacuum vapor deposition (for example, resistance heating vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy), sputtering, and ion plating are available. Vapor deposition may be used, thermal chemical vapor deposition (for example, catalytic chemical vapor deposition), photochemical vapor deposition, plasma chemical vapor deposition (for example, capacitively coupled plasma, inductively coupled plasma). , Surface wave plasma, electron cyclotron resonance, dual magnetron, atomic layer deposition, etc.), and chemical vapor deposition such as metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Further, an inorganic vapor deposition layer (X ′) may be deposited on the layer (Y). *
- the thickness is preferably in the range of 1 to 1,000 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of improving the mechanical strength and workability of the resulting multilayer structure. More preferably, it is in the range of 500 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 9 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the layer (Y) includes a metal oxide (A), a phosphorus compound (B), and a cation (Z) having an ionic value of 1 or more and 3 or less. Each component will be described below.
- the metal atom (M) constituting the metal oxide (A) preferably has a valence of 2 or more.
- the metal atom (M) include a metal atom of Group 2 of the periodic table such as magnesium and calcium; a metal atom of Group 4 of the periodic table such as titanium and zirconium; a metal atom of Group 12 of the periodic table such as zinc; There can be mentioned group 13 metal atoms of the periodic table such as boron and aluminum; group 14 metal atoms of the periodic table such as silicon. Note that boron and silicon may be classified as metalloid atoms, but in this specification, these are included in metal atoms.
- the metal atom (M) may be one type or two or more types.
- the metal atom (M) is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, and zirconium because the productivity of the metal oxide (A) and the gas barrier property and water vapor barrier property of the resulting multilayer structure are more excellent. It is preferable that it is at least one kind, and aluminum is more preferable. That is, the metal atom (M) preferably contains aluminum.
- the total proportion of aluminum, titanium and zirconium in the metal atom (M) is usually 60 mol% or more, and may be 100 mol%. Further, the proportion of aluminum in the metal atom (M) is usually 50 mol% or more, and may be 100 mol%.
- the metal oxide (A) is produced by a method such as a liquid phase synthesis method, a gas phase synthesis method, or a solid pulverization method.
- the metal oxide (A) may be a hydrolysis condensate of the compound (L) having a metal atom (M) to which a hydrolyzable characteristic group is bonded.
- Examples of the characteristic group include R 1 of the general formula [I] described later.
- the hydrolysis condensate of compound (L) can be substantially regarded as the metal oxide (A). Therefore, in this specification, "metal oxide (A)” can be read as “hydrolysis condensate of compound (L)", and “hydrolysis condensate of compound (L)” It can also be read as “metal oxide (A)”.
- the compound (L) contains at least the compound (L 1 ) represented by the following general formula [I]. It is preferable to include 1 type.
- M 1 is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, titanium, and zirconium.
- R 1 may have a halogen atom (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom), NO 3 , an optionally substituted alkoxy group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or a substituent.
- R 2 represents an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms, and an optionally substituted carbon.
- R 1 is an integer of 1 to n.
- n is equal to the valence of M 1 .
- R 1 may be the same as or different from each other. If R 2 there are a plurality, R 2 may be different may be identical or different.
- alkoxy group for R 1 examples include methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, sec-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group, benzyloxy group, diphenylmethoxy group, Examples include trityloxy group, 4-methoxybenzyloxy group, methoxymethoxy group, 1-ethoxyethoxy group, benzyloxymethoxy group, 2-trimethylsilylethoxy group, 2-trimethylsilylethoxymethoxy group, phenoxy group, 4-methoxyphenoxy group, etc. It is done.
- acyloxy group for R 1 examples include an acetoxy group, ethylcarbonyloxy group, n-propylcarbonyloxy group, isopropylcarbonyloxy group, n-butylcarbonyloxy, isobutylcarbonyloxy group, sec-butylcarbonyloxy group, tert- Examples thereof include a butylcarbonyloxy group and an n-octylcarbonyloxy group.
- alkenyloxy group for R 1 examples include allyloxy group, 2-propenyloxy group, 2-butenyloxy group, 1-methyl-2-propenyloxy group, 3-butenyloxy group, 2-methyl-2-propenyloxy group, 2-pentenyloxy group, 3-pentenyloxy group, 4-pentenyloxy group, 1-methyl-3-butenyloxy group, 1,2-dimethyl-2-propenyloxy group, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyloxy group 2-methyl-2-butenyloxy group, 3-methyl-2-butenyloxy group, 2-methyl-3-butenyloxy group, 3-methyl-3-butenyloxy group, 1-vinyl-2-propenyloxy group, 5-hexenyl An oxy group etc. are mentioned.
- Examples of the ⁇ -diketonato group for R 1 include 2,4-pentandionato group, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentandionato group, 1,1,1,5,5,5 -Hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionate group, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptaneedionate group, 1,3-butanedionato group, 2-methyl-1,3-butanedionato group, 2 -Methyl-1,3-butanedionato group, benzoylacetonato group and the like.
- Examples of the acyl group of the diacylmethyl group of R 1 include 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as formyl group, acetyl group, propionyl group (propanoyl group), butyryl group (butanoyl group), valeryl group (pentanoyl group), hexanoyl group and the like.
- An aliphatic acyl group (aroyl group) such as a benzoyl group or a toluoyl group.
- alkyl group for R 2 examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, Examples include n-hexyl group, isohexyl group, 3-methylpentyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 1,2-dimethylbutyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group and the like.
- Examples of the aralkyl group for R 2 include a benzyl group and a phenylethyl group (phenethyl group).
- alkenyl group for R 2 examples include a vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, 2-propenyl group, isopropenyl group, 3-butenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 1-butenyl group, and 1-methyl-2-propenyl group.
- Examples of the aryl group for R 2 include a phenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, and a 2-naphthyl group.
- Examples of the substituent in R 1 and R 2 include alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, sec-butoxy group, alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as tert-butoxy group, n-pentyloxy group, isopentyloxy group, n-hexyloxy group, cyclopropyloxy group, cyclobutyloxy group, cyclopentyloxy group, cyclohexyloxy group; Methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group, n-propoxycarbonyl group, isopropoxycarbonyl group, n-butoxycarbonyl group, isobutoxycarbonyl group, sec-butoxycarbonyl group, tert-butoxycarbonyl group, n-pentyloxycarbonyl group, iso Pentyloxycar An alk
- R 1 includes a halogen atom, NO 3 , an optionally substituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted acyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a substituent.
- a ⁇ -diketonato group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms which may have, or a diacylmethyl group having an acyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent is preferable.
- R 2 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- the M 1, aluminum is preferred.
- m is preferably 3.
- the compound (L 1 ) include, for example, aluminum nitrate, aluminum acetate, tris (2,4-pentanedionato) aluminum, trimethoxyaluminum, triethoxyaluminum, tri-n-propoxyaluminum, triisopropoxyaluminum.
- Aluminum compounds such as tri-n-butoxyaluminum, tri-sec-butoxyaluminum, tri-tert-butoxyaluminum; tetrakis (2,4-pentanedionato) titanium, tetramethoxytitanium, tetraethoxytitanium, tetraisopropoxytitanium Titanium compounds such as tetra-n-butoxytitanium and tetrakis (2-ethylhexoxy) titanium; tetrakis (2,4-pentanedionato) zirconium, tetra-n-propoxyzirconium, Zirconium compounds such as La -n- butoxy zirconium and the like.
- the compound (L 1 ) is preferably at least one compound selected from triisopropoxyaluminum and tri-sec-butoxyaluminum.
- a compound (L) may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the proportion of the compound (L 1 ) in the compound (L) is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are obtained.
- the proportion of the compound other than the compound (L 1 ) in the compound (L) is, for example, preferably 20 mol% or less, more preferably 10 mol% or less, further preferably 5 mol% or less, and even 0 mol%. Good.
- the hydrolyzate condenses to form a compound in which the metal atom (M) is bonded through the oxygen atom (O).
- a compound that can be substantially regarded as a metal oxide is formed.
- a hydroxyl group usually exists on the surface of the metal oxide (A) thus formed.
- a compound having a ratio of [number of moles of oxygen atom (O) bonded only to metal atom (M)] / [number of moles of metal atom (M)] of 0.8 or more is metal. It shall be included in oxide (A).
- the oxygen atom (O) bonded only to the metal atom (M) is the oxygen atom (O) in the structure represented by MOM, and the structure represented by MOH.
- Oxygen atoms bonded to metal atoms (M) and hydrogen atoms (H) such as oxygen atoms (O) in are excluded.
- the ratio in the metal oxide (A) is preferably 0.9 or more, more preferably 1.0 or more, and further preferably 1.1 or more. Although the upper limit of this ratio is not particularly limited, it is usually represented by n / 2, where n is the valence of the metal atom (M).
- the compound (L) has a hydrolyzable characteristic group.
- the hydrolysis condensation reaction does not occur or becomes extremely slow, making it difficult to prepare the target metal oxide (A).
- the hydrolysis condensate of the compound (L) may be produced from a specific raw material by a method adopted in a known sol-gel method, for example.
- the raw materials include compound (L), partial hydrolyzate of compound (L), complete hydrolyzate of compound (L), partial hydrolyzed condensate of compound (L), and complete hydrolysis of compound (L). At least one selected from the group consisting of products in which a part of the product is condensed can be used.
- the phosphorus compound (B) contains a site capable of reacting with the metal oxide (A), and typically contains a plurality of such sites.
- a phosphorus compound (B) an inorganic phosphorus compound is preferable.
- the phosphorus compound (B) is preferably a compound containing 2 to 20 sites (atomic groups or functional groups) capable of reacting with the metal oxide (A).
- Such a part includes a part capable of undergoing a condensation reaction with a functional group (for example, a hydroxyl group) present on the surface of the metal oxide (A).
- Examples of such a site include a halogen atom directly bonded to a phosphorus atom, an oxygen atom directly bonded to a phosphorus atom, and the like.
- the functional group for example, hydroxyl group
- present on the surface of the metal oxide (A) is usually bonded to the metal atom (M) constituting the metal oxide (A).
- Examples of the phosphorus compound (B) include phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid condensed with 4 or more molecules of phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, phosphonic acid, phosphonous acid, phosphinic acid, phosphinic acid, and the like, and These salts (for example, sodium phosphate), and derivatives thereof (for example, halides (for example, phosphoryl chloride), dehydrates (for example, diphosphorus pentoxide)) and the like can be mentioned.
- These salts for example, sodium phosphate
- derivatives thereof for example, halides (for example, phosphoryl chloride), dehydrates (for example, diphosphorus pentoxide)
- the phosphorus compound (B) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- phosphorus compounds (B) it is preferable to use phosphoric acid alone or to use phosphoric acid and other phosphorus compounds (B) in combination.
- phosphoric acid By using phosphoric acid, the stability of the first coating liquid (U) described later and the gas barrier property and water vapor barrier property of the resulting multilayer structure are improved.
- N M / N P When the value of N M / N P is more than 4.5, becomes excessive metal oxide (A) with respect to the phosphorus compound (B), the binding of the metal oxide (A) and phosphorus compound (B) not In addition, since the amount of hydroxyl groups present on the surface of the metal oxide (A) increases, the gas barrier property and its stability tend to decrease.
- N M / N P when the value of N M / N P is less than 0.8, a phosphorus compound (B) is a metal oxide becomes excessive relative to (A), a surplus that is not involved in binding of the metal oxide (A) The amount of the phosphorus compound (B) increases and the amount of the hydroxyl group derived from the phosphorus compound (B) tends to increase, and the barrier property and its stability tend to decrease.
- the said ratio can be adjusted with ratio of the quantity of a metal oxide (A) and the quantity of a phosphorus compound (B) in the 1st coating liquid (U) for forming a layer (Y).
- the ratio of N M and N P in the layer (Y) is usually the moles of phosphorus compound of a metal atom (M) in which there the ratio of the first coating liquid (U) constituting a metal oxide (A) ( It is the same as the ratio to the number of moles of phosphorus atoms constituting B).
- reaction product (D) A reaction product (D) is obtained by reaction of a metal oxide (A) and a phosphorus compound (B).
- the compound produced by the reaction of the metal oxide (A), the phosphorus compound (B), and another compound is also included in the reaction product (D).
- the reaction product (D) may partially contain the metal oxide (A) and / or the phosphorus compound (B) that are not involved in the reaction.
- the cation number (F Z) of the cation ( Z ) is 1 or more and 3 or less.
- the ion value (F Z ) is preferably 2 or more and 3 or less, more preferably 3.
- the cation (Z) is a cation containing elements in the 2nd to 7th periods of the periodic table.
- Examples of the cation (Z) include lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, magnesium ion, calcium ion, titanium ion, zirconium ion, lanthanoid ion (for example, lanthanum ion), vanadium ion, manganese ion, iron ion, and cobalt.
- Examples include ions, nickel ions, copper ions, zinc ions, boron ions, aluminum ions, and ammonium ions.
- magnesium ions, calcium ions, lanthanoid ions (for example, lanthanum ions), zinc ions, and boron ions are preferable.
- One kind of cation (Z) may be included, or two or more kinds may be included.
- the function of the cation (Z) is not clear at present.
- the cation (Z) has an ionic bond with a hydroxyl group of another metal oxide (A) or phosphorus compound (B) via a hydroxyl group of the metal oxide (A) or phosphorus compound (B).
- the value of FZ * NZ is obtained by totaling the value calculated for every cation.
- the cation (Z) includes 1 mol of sodium ion (Na + ) and 2 mol of calcium ion (Ca 2+ )
- the cation (Z) can be added to the layer (Y) by dissolving the ionic compound (E) that generates the cation (Z) when dissolved in the solvent in the first coating liquid (U).
- the cation (Z) counter ions include inorganic anions such as hydroxide ions, chloride ions, sulfate ions, hydrogen sulfate ions, nitrate ions, carbonate ions and hydrogen carbonate ions; acetate ions and stearate ions. And organic acid anions such as oxalate ion and tartrate ion.
- the ionic compound (E) of the cation (Z) is a metal compound (Ea) or metal oxide (Eb) (excluding the metal oxide (A)) that generates a cation (Z) when dissolved. Also good.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention, the layer (Y), and the F Z and N Z and N M, is intended to satisfy the relation of 0.001 ⁇ F Z ⁇ N Z / N M ⁇ 0.60, 0 Those satisfying the relationship of .001 ⁇ F Z ⁇ N Z / N M ⁇ 0.30 are preferable, and those satisfying the relationship of 0.01 ⁇ F Z ⁇ N Z / N M ⁇ 0.30 are more preferable.
- the layer (Y), F Z and N Z and N P is preferably satisfy the relation of 0.0008 ⁇ F Z ⁇ N Z / N P ⁇ 1.35, 0. Those satisfying the relationship of 001 ⁇ F Z ⁇ N Z / N P ⁇ 1.00 are more preferable, those satisfying the relationship of 0.0012 ⁇ F Z ⁇ N Z / N P ⁇ 0.35 are more preferable. Those satisfying the relationship of 012 ⁇ F Z ⁇ N Z / N P ⁇ 0.29 are particularly preferable.
- the layer (Y) may further contain a specific polymer (C).
- the polymer (C) is, for example, a polymer containing at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carbonyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic anhydride group, and a salt of a carboxyl group.
- polymer (C) examples include polyketone; polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol containing 1 to 50 mol% of ⁇ -olefin units having 4 or less carbon atoms, polyvinyl acetal such as polyvinyl acetal (for example, polyvinyl butyral).
- Polysaccharides such as cellulose, starch and cyclodextrin; (meth) acrylic acid polymers such as hydroxyethyl poly (meth) acrylate, poly (meth) acrylic acid, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer; ethylene-anhydrous Maleic acid polymers such as hydrolyzate of maleic acid copolymer, hydrolyzate of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, hydrolyzate of alternating isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, and the like.
- polyvinyl alcohol polymers are preferable, and specifically, polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohol containing 1 to 15 mol% of ⁇ -olefin units having 4 or less carbon atoms are preferable.
- the saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol polymer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 75.0 to 99.85 mol%, more preferably 80.0 to 99.5 mol%.
- the viscosity average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol polymer is preferably from 100 to 4,000, more preferably from 300 to 3,000.
- the viscosity of a 4% by weight aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol polymer at 20 ° C. is preferably 1.0 to 200 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 11 to 90 mPa ⁇ s.
- the saponification degree, the viscosity average polymerization degree, and the viscosity of the 4% by mass aqueous solution are values determined according to JIS K 6726 (1994).
- the polymer (C) may be a homopolymer of a monomer having a polymerizable group (for example, vinyl acetate or acrylic acid), or may be a copolymer of two or more monomers. Alternatively, it may be a copolymer of a monomer having a carbonyl group, a hydroxyl group and / or a carboxyl group and a monomer having no such group.
- a polymerizable group for example, vinyl acetate or acrylic acid
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer (C) is preferably 5,000 or more, and 8, More preferably, it is 000 or more, and it is still more preferable that it is 10,000 or more.
- the upper limit of the number average molecular weight of the polymer (C) is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 1,500,000 or less.
- the content of the polymer (C) in the layer (Y) is preferably 50% by mass or less, based on the mass of the layer (Y) (100% by mass). It is more preferably at most mass%, more preferably at most 30 mass%, and may be at most 20 mass%.
- the polymer (C) may or may not react with the other components in the layer (Y).
- the layer (Y) in the multilayer structure comprises a metal oxide (A), a compound (L), a phosphorus compound (B), a reaction product (D), a cation (Z) or its compound (E), an acid ( In addition to the acid catalyst used for the hydrolysis condensation, the acid during peptization, etc.) and the polymer (C), other components may be included.
- Examples of other components include inorganic acid metal salts such as carbonates, hydrochlorides, nitrates, hydrogen carbonates, sulfates, hydrogen sulfates, borates and the like that do not contain cations (Z); cations (Z) Organic acid metal salts such as acetates, stearates, oxalates, tartrates, etc. that do not contain amides; layered clay compounds; crosslinking agents; polymer compounds other than the polymer (C); plasticizers; antioxidants; Agents; flame retardants and the like.
- the content of the other component in the layer (Y) in the multilayer structure is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, based on the mass of the layer (Y). The content is more preferably 10% by mass or less, particularly preferably 5% by mass or less, and may be 0% by mass (excluding other components).
- the thickness of the layer (Y) (when the multilayer structure has two or more layers (Y), the total thickness of each layer (Y)) is preferably 0.05 to 4.0 ⁇ m, More preferably, the thickness is 0.1 to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the thickness per layer (Y) is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of gas barrier properties.
- the thickness of the layer (Y) can be controlled by the concentration of the first coating liquid (U) described later used for forming the layer (Y) and the coating method.
- the maximum absorption wave number in the region of 800 to 1,400 cm ⁇ 1 is preferably in the range of 1,080 to 1,130 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the metal oxide (A) and the phosphorus compound (B) react to form a reaction product (D)
- a characteristic absorption band derived from the bond is generated in the infrared absorption spectrum.
- the obtained multilayer structure has excellent gas barrier properties.
- the characteristic absorption band is the strongest absorption in a region of 800 to 1,400 cm ⁇ 1 in which absorption derived from bonds between various atoms and oxygen atoms is generally observed, the obtained multilayer structure was found to exhibit even better gas barrier properties.
- the layer (Y) In the infrared absorption spectrum of the layer (Y), 800 half-value width of the maximum absorption band in the region of ⁇ 1,400cm -1, from the gas barrier properties of the viewpoint of the resulting multilayer structure, 200 cm -1 or less is preferable, 150 cm -1 The following is more preferable, 100 cm ⁇ 1 or less is further preferable, and 50 cm ⁇ 1 or less is particularly preferable.
- the infrared absorption spectrum of the layer (Y) can be measured by the method described in Examples. However, when measurement by the method described in Examples is not possible, reflection measurement such as reflection absorption method, external reflection method, attenuated total reflection method, etc., scraping the layer (Y) from the multilayer structure, Nujol method, tablet method, etc. Although it may measure by the method of transmission measurement, it is not limited to these.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention may further include a layer (W).
- the layer (W) includes a polymer (G1) having a functional group containing a phosphorus atom.
- the layer (W) is preferably disposed adjacent to the layer (Y). That is, the layer (W) and the layer (Y) are preferably arranged so as to contact each other.
- a layer (W) is arrange
- the layer (Y) is preferably disposed between the base material (X) and the layer (W).
- the layer (W) is disposed on the opposite side (preferably the surface opposite to the substrate) (X) across the layer (Y), and is disposed adjacent to the layer (Y). .
- the layer (W) may further contain a polymer (G2) having a hydroxyl group and / or a carboxyl group.
- the polymer (G2) the same polymer (C) can be used.
- the polymer (G1) will be described below.
- Polymer (G1) examples of the functional group containing a phosphorus atom that the polymer (G1) having a functional group containing a phosphorus atom has include a phosphoric acid group, a phosphorous acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a phosphonous acid group, a phosphinic acid group, Examples thereof include phosphinic acid groups and salts thereof, and functional groups derived therefrom (for example, (partial) ester compounds, halides (for example, chloride), dehydrates) and the like. Among these, a phosphoric acid group and / or a phosphonic acid group are preferable, and a phosphonic acid group is more preferable.
- Examples of the polymer (G1) include 6-[(2-phosphonoacetyl) oxy] hexyl acrylate, 2-phosphonooxyethyl methacrylate, phosphonomethyl methacrylate, 11-phosphonoundecyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid 1
- Polymers of phosphono (meth) acrylic esters such as 1,1-diphosphonoethyl
- heavy polymers of phosphonic acids such as vinylphosphonic acid, 2-propene-1-phosphonic acid, 4-vinylbenzylphosphonic acid and 4-vinylphenylphosphonic acid
- Polymers of phosphinic acids such as vinyl phosphinic acid and 4-vinylbenzyl phosphinic acid
- phosphorylated starch and the like are examples of the polymer (G1).
- the polymer (G1) may be a homopolymer of a monomer having at least one phosphorus atom-containing functional group, or may be a copolymer of two or more types of monomers. Further, as the polymer (G1), two or more kinds of polymers composed of a single monomer may be mixed and used. Among these, polymers of phosphono (meth) acrylic acid esters and / or polymers of vinyl phosphonic acids are preferable, and polymers of vinyl phosphonic acids are more preferable.
- the polymer (G1) is preferably poly (vinylphosphonic acid) or poly (2-phosphonooxyethyl methacrylate), and may be poly (vinylphosphonic acid).
- the polymer (G1) can also be obtained by hydrolyzing a vinylphosphonic acid derivative such as a vinylphosphonic acid halide or a vinylphosphonic acid ester alone or copolymerized.
- the polymer (G1) may be a copolymer of a monomer having at least one phosphorus atom-containing functional group and another vinyl monomer.
- vinyl monomers that can be copolymerized with a monomer having a phosphorus atom-containing functional group include, for example, (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid esters, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, styrene, Examples include nucleus-substituted styrenes, alkyl vinyl ethers, alkyl vinyl esters, perfluoroalkyl vinyl ethers, perfluoroalkyl vinyl esters, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, maleimide, and phenylmaleimide. Among these, (meth) acrylic acid esters, acrylonitrile, styrene, maleimide, and phenylmaleimide are preferable.
- the proportion of the structural unit derived from the monomer having a phosphorus atom-containing functional group in the total structural unit of the polymer (G1) is 10 mol% or more. It is preferably 20 mol% or more, more preferably 40 mol% or more, particularly preferably 70 mol% or more, and may be 100 mol%.
- the molecular weight of the polymer (G1) is not particularly limited, but the number average molecular weight is preferably in the range of 1,000 to 100,000. When the number average molecular weight is in this range, it is possible to achieve both the improvement effect of the bending resistance by laminating the layer (W) and the viscosity stability of the second coating liquid (V) described later at a high level. it can. Further, when the layer (Y) described later is laminated, the bending resistance improving effect can be further enhanced when the molecular weight of the polymer (G1) per phosphorus atom is in the range of 100 to 500.
- the layer (W) may be composed only of the polymer (G1), may be composed only of the polymer (G1) and the polymer (G2), or may further include other components.
- examples of other components contained in the layer (W) include inorganic acid metal salts such as carbonates, hydrochlorides, nitrates, hydrogen carbonates, sulfates, hydrogen sulfates and borates; acetates and stearates.
- Organic acid metal salts such as oxalate and tartrate; metal complexes such as cyclopentadienyl metal complexes (for example, titanocene) and cyano metal complexes (for example, Prussian blue); layered clay compounds; cross-linking agents; Polymer compounds other than G1) and the polymer (G2): plasticizers; antioxidants; ultraviolet absorbers; flame retardants and the like.
- the content of the other components in the layer (W) is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, further preferably 10% by mass or less, and further preferably 5% by mass. The following is particularly preferable, and may be 0% by mass (excluding other components).
- the layer (W) does not contain at least one of the metal oxide (A), the phosphorus compound (B), and the cation (Z). Typically, the layer (W) does not contain at least the metal oxide (A).
- the content of the polymer (G2) in the layer (W) is 85% by mass or less based on the mass of the layer (W) (100% by mass). It is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 10% by mass or less.
- the polymer (G2) may or may not react with the component in the layer (W).
- the mass ratio of the polymer (G1) to the polymer (G2) is preferably such that the polymer (G1): polymer (G2) is in the range of 15:85 to 100: 0, and 15:85 to 99: More preferably, it is in the range of 1.
- the thickness per layer of the layer (W) is preferably 0.003 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of better resistance to physical stress (for example, bending) of the multilayer structure of the present invention.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the layer (W) is not particularly limited, but the effect of improving resistance to physical stress reaches saturation at 1.0 ⁇ m or more. Therefore, the upper limit of the total thickness of the layer (W) is preferably 1.0 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of economy.
- the thickness of the layer (W) can be controlled by the concentration of a second coating liquid (V) described later used for forming the layer (W) and the coating method.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention can be easily manufactured. Since the matters described for the multilayer structure of the present invention can be applied to the production method of the present invention, redundant description may be omitted. In addition, the matters described for the manufacturing method of the present invention can be applied to the multilayer structure of the present invention.
- the method for producing a multilayer structure of the present invention includes steps [I], [II] and [III].
- step [I] the metal oxide (A), the phosphorus compound (B), and the ionic compound (E) of the cation (Z) are mixed, whereby the metal oxide (A), the phosphorus compound ( A first coating liquid (U) containing B) and a cation (Z) is prepared.
- step [II] the first coating liquid (U) is applied on the base material (X) to form a precursor layer of the layer (Y) on the base material (X).
- step [III] the precursor layer is heat-treated at a temperature of 110 ° C. or higher to form a layer (Y) on the substrate (X).
- Step [I] (Preparation of first coating liquid (U))]
- the metal oxide (A), the phosphorus compound (B), and the ionic compound (E) of the cation (Z) are mixed.
- a solvent may be added.
- a cation (Z) is generated from the ionic compound (E).
- the first coating liquid (U) may contain other compounds in addition to the metal oxide (A), the phosphorus compound (B), and the cation (Z).
- the first coating solution in (U), and N M and N P it is preferable to satisfy the above relationship. Further, the N M and N Z and F Z, it is preferable to satisfy the above relationship. Further, the N P and N Z and F Z, it is preferable to satisfy the above relationship.
- the step [I] preferably includes the following steps [Ia] to [Ic].
- Step [Ia] a step of preparing a liquid containing the metal oxide (A)
- Step [Ib] a step of preparing a solution containing the phosphorus compound (B)
- Step [Ic] A step of mixing the liquid containing the metal oxide (A) obtained in the steps [Ia] and [Ib] and the solution containing the phosphorus compound (B).
- Step [Ib] may be performed before or after step [Ia], or may be performed simultaneously with step [Ia].
- each step will be described more specifically.
- a liquid containing the metal oxide (A) is prepared.
- the liquid is a solution or a dispersion.
- the liquid is, for example, mixed with the above-described compound (L), water, and, if necessary, an acid catalyst or an organic solvent in accordance with a technique adopted in a known sol-gel method, to condense the compound (L) or It can be prepared by hydrolytic condensation.
- a dispersion of the metal oxide (A) is obtained by condensing or hydrolyzing the compound (L), a specific treatment (such as peptization or concentration as described above) is performed on the dispersion as necessary.
- the solvent may be adjusted for control).
- Step [Ia] may include a step of condensing (for example, dehydrating condensation) at least one selected from the group consisting of compound (L) and a hydrolyzate of compound (L).
- the type of organic solvent that can be used in the step [Ia] is not particularly limited, and for example, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, water, and mixed solvents thereof are preferable.
- the content of the metal oxide (A) in the liquid is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 30% by mass, more preferably in the range of 1 to 20% by mass, and 2 to 15% by mass. More preferably, it is in the range.
- the preparation of the aluminum oxide dispersion is performed by first hydrolyzing and condensing the aluminum alkoxide in an aqueous solution adjusted to pH with an acid catalyst as necessary. A slurry is obtained. Next, the slurry is peptized in the presence of a specific amount of acid to obtain a dispersion of aluminum oxide.
- the dispersion liquid of the metal oxide (A) containing metal atoms other than aluminum can also be manufactured by the same method.
- the acid for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid and butyric acid are preferable, and nitric acid and acetic acid are more preferable.
- a solution containing the phosphorus compound (B) is prepared.
- the solution can be prepared by dissolving the phosphorus compound (B) in a solvent.
- a solvent When the solubility of the phosphorus compound (B) is low, dissolution may be promoted by heat treatment or ultrasonic treatment.
- the solvent may be appropriately selected according to the type of the phosphorus compound (B), but preferably contains water.
- the solvent may contain an organic solvent (for example, methanol) as long as it does not hinder the dissolution of the phosphorus compound (B).
- the content of the phosphorus compound (B) in the solution containing the phosphorus compound (B) is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 99% by mass, more preferably in the range of 45 to 95% by mass, More preferably, it is in the range of -90% by mass.
- step [Ic] a liquid containing the metal oxide (A) and a solution containing the phosphorus compound (B) are mixed.
- the temperature at the time of mixing at 30 ° C. or lower (for example, 20 ° C.)
- the first coating liquid (U) having excellent storage stability may be obtained.
- the compound (E) containing a cation (Z) may be added in at least one step selected from the group consisting of step [Ia], step [Ib], and step [Ic]. However, it may be added in any one of them.
- the compound (E) may be added to the liquid containing the metal oxide (A) in the step [Ia] or the solution containing the phosphorus compound (B) in the step [Ib].
- -C] may be added to a mixed solution of the liquid containing the metal oxide (A) and the solution containing the phosphorus compound (B).
- the first coating liquid (U) may contain a polymer (C).
- the method for including the polymer (C) in the first coating liquid (U) is not particularly limited.
- the polymer (C) may be added and mixed as a solution to any one of the liquid containing the metal oxide (A), the solution containing the phosphorus compound (B), and the mixed solution thereof. You may make it melt
- the first coating liquid (U) may contain at least one acid compound (J) selected from hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and trichloroacetic acid, if necessary.
- the content of the acid compound (J) is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5.0% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2.0% by mass. Within these ranges, the effect of adding the acid compound (J) can be obtained, and the acid compound (J) can be easily removed.
- the addition amount of the acid compound (J) may be determined in consideration of the residual amount.
- the mixed liquid obtained in the step [Ic] can be used as it is as the first coating liquid (U).
- the solvent contained in the liquid containing the metal oxide (A) or the solution containing the phosphorus compound (B) is the solvent for the first coating liquid (U).
- the first coating liquid (U) may be prepared by performing treatments such as addition of an organic solvent, adjustment of pH, adjustment of viscosity, addition of additives, and the like on the mixed solution.
- an organic solvent, the solvent etc. which are used for preparation of the solution containing a phosphorus compound (B) are mentioned, for example.
- the solid content concentration of the first coating liquid (U) is 1 to 20 It is preferably in the range of mass%, more preferably in the range of 2 to 15 mass%, still more preferably in the range of 3 to 10 mass%.
- the solid content concentration of the first coating liquid (U) is, for example, adding a predetermined amount of the first coating liquid (U) to the petri dish, heating the petri dish to remove volatile components such as a solvent, and the remaining solid mass Is calculated by dividing by the mass of the first coating liquid (U) added first.
- the first coating liquid (U) has a viscosity measured with a Brookfield rotational viscometer (SB type viscometer: rotor No. 3, rotation speed 60 rpm) at a coating temperature of 3,000 mPa ⁇ s or less. Preferably, it is 2,500 mPa ⁇ s or less, and more preferably 2,000 mPa ⁇ s or less. When the viscosity is 3,000 mPa ⁇ s or less, the leveling property of the first coating liquid (U) is improved, and a multilayer structure that is more excellent in appearance can be obtained.
- SB type viscometer Brookfield rotational viscometer
- a viscosity of a 1st coating liquid (U) 50 mPa * s or more is preferable, 100 mPa * s or more is more preferable, 200 mPa * s or more is further more preferable.
- the first coating solution in (U), and N M and N P satisfies the relationship 0.8 ⁇ N M / N P ⁇ 4.5.
- the first coating liquid in (U), and N M and N Z and F Z satisfies the relationship 0.001 ⁇ F Z ⁇ N Z / N M ⁇ 0.60.
- the first coating liquid in (U), F Z and N Z and N P is, preferably satisfy the relation of 0.0008 ⁇ F Z ⁇ N Z / N P ⁇ 1.35.
- step [II] (Coating of first coating liquid (U))]
- the first coating liquid (U) is applied on the base material (X) to form a precursor layer of the layer (Y) on the base material (X).
- the first coating liquid (U) may be applied directly on at least one surface of the substrate (X).
- the surface of the substrate (X) is treated with a known anchor coating agent, or a known adhesive is applied to the surface of the substrate (X).
- the adhesive layer (H) may be formed on the surface of the substrate (X).
- the method for coating the first coating liquid (U) on the substrate (X) is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted.
- Coating methods include, for example, casting method, dipping method, roll coating method, gravure coating method, screen printing method, reverse coating method, spray coating method, kiss coating method, die coating method, metalling bar coating method, chamber doctor combined coating Method, curtain coating method, and the like.
- the precursor layer of the layer (Y) is formed by removing the solvent in the first coating liquid (U).
- a well-known drying method is applicable. Examples of the drying method include a hot air drying method, a hot roll contact method, an infrared heating method, and a microwave heating method.
- the drying treatment temperature is preferably 0 to 15 ° C. lower than the flow start temperature of the substrate (X).
- the drying treatment temperature is preferably 15 to 20 ° C. lower than the thermal decomposition start temperature of the polymer (C).
- the drying treatment temperature is preferably in the range of 70 to 200 ° C, more preferably in the range of 80 to 180 ° C, and further preferably in the range of 90 to 160 ° C.
- the removal of the solvent may be carried out under normal pressure or reduced pressure. Further, the solvent may be removed by a heat treatment in step [III] described later.
- the first coating liquid (U) When laminating the layer (Y) on both surfaces of the layered substrate (X), the first coating liquid (U) is applied to one surface of the substrate (X), and then the first is removed by removing the solvent. (The precursor layer of the first layer (Y)), and after applying the first coating liquid (U) to the other surface of the substrate (X), the solvent is then removed. A second layer (a precursor layer of the second layer (Y)) may be formed.
- the composition of the first coating liquid (U) applied to each surface may be the same or different.
- Step [III] (Treatment of precursor layer of layer (Y))]
- the precursor layer (precursor layer of layer (Y)) formed in step [II] is heat-treated at a temperature of 140 ° C. or higher to form layer (Y).
- This heat treatment temperature is preferably higher than the drying treatment temperature after the application of the first coating liquid (U).
- step [III] a reaction in which metal oxides (A) are bonded to each other via phosphorus atoms (phosphorus atoms derived from phosphorus compound (B)) proceeds.
- the reaction reaction of the reaction product (D) proceeds.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 140 ° C. or higher, more preferably 170 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 180 ° C. or higher. If the heat treatment temperature is low, it takes a long time to obtain a sufficient degree of reactivity, which causes a decrease in productivity.
- the preferable upper limit of the temperature of heat processing changes with kinds etc. of base material (X).
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably 270 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature of heat processing is 240 degrees C or less.
- the heat treatment can be performed in air, in a nitrogen atmosphere, or in an argon atmosphere.
- the heat treatment time is preferably in the range of 0.1 second to 1 hour, more preferably in the range of 1 second to 15 minutes, and still more preferably in the range of 5 to 300 seconds.
- the method of the present invention for producing a multilayer structure may include a step of irradiating the precursor layer of the layer (Y) or the layer (Y) with ultraviolet rays.
- the ultraviolet irradiation may be performed after the step [II] (for example, after the removal of the solvent of the coated first coating liquid (U) is almost completed).
- the surface of the base material (X) is attached to a known anchor before applying the first coating liquid (U). You may process with a coating agent and may apply a well-known adhesive agent to the surface of base material (X).
- the method for producing a multilayer structure of the present invention may further include steps [i] and [ii].
- process [i] the 2nd coating liquid (V) containing the polymer (G1) containing a phosphorus atom and a solvent is prepared.
- step [ii] the layer (W) disposed adjacent to the layer (Y) is formed using the second coating liquid (V).
- the order of the step [i] is not particularly limited and may be performed in parallel with the step [I], [II] or [III], or may be performed after the step [I], [II] or [III]. Good.
- Step [ii] can be performed after step [II] or [III].
- the second coating liquid (V) By applying the second coating liquid (V) to the layer (Y) or the precursor layer of the layer (Y), the layer (W) laminated on the layer (Y) so as to be in contact with the layer (Y) is formed. it can.
- the 2nd coating liquid (V) contains a polymer (G2).
- the mass ratio of the polymer (G1) to the polymer (G2) is such that the polymer (G1): polymer (G2) is in the range of 15:85 to 100: 0. Is more preferable, and the range of 15:85 to 99: 1 is more preferable.
- the layer (W) in which the mass ratio of a polymer (G1) and a polymer (G2) exists in the said range can be formed.
- the second coating liquid (V) can be prepared by dissolving the polymer (G1) (and the polymer (G2) as necessary) in a solvent.
- the solvent used in the second coating liquid (V) may be appropriately selected depending on the type of polymer contained, but is preferably water, alcohols, or a mixed solvent thereof.
- Solvents are ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, trioxane, dimethoxyethane; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol; Glycerin; acetonitrile; amides such as dimethylformamide; dimethyl sulfoxide; sulfolane and the like.
- the concentration of the solid content (polymer (G1), etc.) in the second coating liquid (V) is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 60% by mass from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution and coating properties. It is more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 50% by mass, and further preferably in the range of 0.2 to 40% by mass.
- the solid content concentration can be determined by a method similar to the method described for the first coating liquid (U).
- the solvent in the second coating liquid (V) is removed to form the layer (W).
- the method for removing the solvent of the second coating liquid (V) is not particularly limited, and a known drying method can be applied. Examples of the drying method include a hot air drying method, a hot roll contact method, an infrared heating method, and a microwave heating method.
- the drying temperature is preferably 0 to 15 ° C. or lower than the flow start temperature of the substrate (X).
- the drying temperature is preferably in the range of 70 to 200 ° C, and more preferably in the range of 150 to 200 ° C.
- the removal of the solvent may be carried out under normal pressure or reduced pressure.
- the layer (W) may be formed on both sides of the substrate (X) via the layer (Y).
- the first layer (W) is formed by applying the second coating liquid (V) to one surface and then removing the solvent. Next, the second coating liquid (V) is applied to the other surface, and then the solvent is removed to form the second layer (W).
- the composition of the second coating liquid (V) applied to each surface may be the same or different.
- the multilayer structure obtained through the heat treatment in the step [III] can be used as it is as the multilayer structure of the present invention.
- a laminate in which another member (for example, another layer) is further bonded or formed on the multilayer structure as described above may be used as the multilayer structure of the present invention.
- the member can be bonded by a known method.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention is obtained by, for example, laminating the layer (Y) (and optionally the layer (W)) directly or via the adhesive layer (H) on the substrate (X), By forming the layer directly or via the adhesive layer (H) by the extrusion coat lamination method, it is possible to further have a layer formed by extrusion coat lamination.
- the extrusion coat laminating method that can be used in the present invention, and a known method may be used.
- a laminated film is produced by sending a molten thermoplastic resin to a T-die and cooling the thermoplastic resin taken out from the flat slit of the T-die.
- FIG. 11 schematically shows only the main part of the apparatus, which is different from the actual apparatus.
- the apparatus 50 of FIG. 11 includes an extruder 51, a T die 52, a cooling roll 53, and a rubber roll 54.
- the cooling roll 53 and the rubber roll 54 are disposed with their roll surfaces in contact with each other.
- thermoplastic resin is heated and melted in an extruder and is extruded from the flat slit of the T-die 52 to become a resin film 502.
- This resin film 502 becomes a layer containing a thermoplastic resin.
- a laminated body 501 is fed from a sheet feeding device (not shown) and is sandwiched between the cooling roll 53 and the rubber roll 54 together with the resin film 502.
- a laminated film (multilayer structure) in which the laminated body 501 and the resin film 502 are integrated by sandwiching the laminated body 501 and the resin film 502 between the cooling roll 53 and the rubber roll 54. 503 is manufactured.
- extrusion coat laminating method other than the single laminating method examples include a sandwich laminating method and a tandem laminating method.
- the sandwich lamination method is a method in which a molten thermoplastic resin is extruded onto one base material, and a second base material is supplied from another unwinder (unwinding machine) and bonded.
- the tandem laminating method is a method in which two single laminating machines are connected to produce a laminate having a five-layer structure at a time.
- the layer (Y) may be laminated so as to be in direct contact with the substrate (X). Moreover, the layer (Y) may be laminated
- the adhesive layer (H) may be formed of an adhesive resin.
- the adhesive layer (H) made of an adhesive resin can be formed by treating the surface of the base material (X) with a known anchor coating agent or applying a known adhesive to the surface of the base material (X). .
- a two-component reactive polyurethane adhesive in which a polyisocyanate component and a polyol component are mixed and reacted is preferable.
- adhesiveness can be further improved by adding a small amount of additives such as a known silane coupling agent to the anchor coating agent or adhesive.
- the silane coupling agent include, but are not limited to, a silane coupling agent having a reactive group such as an isocyanate group, an epoxy group, an amino group, a ureido group, or a mercapto group.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer (H) is preferably from 0.01 to 10.0 ⁇ m, more preferably from 0.03 to 5.0 ⁇ m.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention may include other layers for imparting various properties, for example, heat sealability, and improving barrier properties and mechanical properties.
- Such a multilayer structure of the present invention is obtained, for example, by laminating the layer (Y) directly on the base material (X) or via the adhesive layer (H), and then further directly or further bonding the other layer to the adhesive layer ( It can be produced by bonding or forming via H).
- Examples of other layers include, but are not limited to, an ink layer and a polyolefin layer.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention may include an ink layer for printing a trade name or a pattern.
- Such a multilayer structure of the present invention is produced, for example, by directly forming the ink layer after laminating the layer (Y) directly on the substrate (X) or via the adhesive layer (H). it can.
- the ink layer include a film obtained by drying a liquid obtained by dispersing a polyurethane resin containing a pigment (for example, titanium dioxide) in a solvent, but an ink mainly containing a polyurethane resin not containing a pigment or other resins.
- a film obtained by drying a resist for forming an electronic circuit wiring may be used.
- the ink layer As a method of applying the ink layer to the layer (Y), various coating methods such as a wire bar, a spin coater, a die coater, etc. can be used in addition to the gravure printing method.
- the thickness of the ink layer is preferably 0.5 to 10.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.0 to 4.0 ⁇ m.
- the polymer (G2) when the polymer (G2) is contained in the layer (W), it has a functional group having a high affinity with the adhesive layer (H) and other layers (for example, an ink layer). Adhesion between the layer (W) and other layers is improved. For this reason, barrier performance can be maintained after receiving physical stress such as stretching treatment, and appearance defects such as delamination can be suppressed.
- the polyolefin layer As the outermost surface layer of the multilayer structure of the present invention, heat sealability can be imparted to the multilayer structure or the mechanical properties of the multilayer structure can be improved.
- the polyolefin is preferably polypropylene or polyethylene.
- the polyester is preferably polyethylene terephthalate
- the polyamide is preferably nylon-6
- the hydroxyl group-containing polymer is preferably an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer.
- the multilayer structure may have an adhesive layer such as an adhesive layer (H), but the description of the adhesive layer and other layers is omitted in the following specific examples.
- Layer (Y) / Polyester layer (2) Layer (Y) / Polyester layer / Layer (Y), (3) layer (Y) / polyamide layer, (4) Layer (Y) / Polyamide layer / Layer (Y), (5) Layer (Y) / Polyolefin layer, (6) Layer (Y) / Polyolefin layer / Layer (Y), (7) Layer (Y) / Hydroxyl-containing polymer layer, (8) Layer (Y) / Hydroxyl-containing polymer layer / Layer (Y), (9) Layer (Y) / Paper layer, (10) Layer (Y) / Paper layer / Layer (Y), (11) layer (Y) / inorganic vapor deposition layer / polyester layer, (12) Layer (Y) / Inorganic vapor deposition layer
- any one of the structures (1) to (8), (11) to (32), and (48) to (53) is preferred.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention is excellent in both gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties, and is caused by a difference in thermal shrinkage between the substrate (X) and the layer (Y) that occurs during stretching during processing, heat sealing or retorting. Both barrier properties can be maintained at a high level even after receiving physical stress such as bending. Moreover, according to a preferred example of the present invention, a multilayer structure having an excellent appearance can be obtained. For this reason, the multilayer structure of this invention and the packaging material using this multilayer structure are applicable to various uses.
- the packaging material of the present invention includes a multilayer structure including a base material (X) and a layer (Y) laminated on the base material (X).
- the packaging material may be constituted only by a multilayer structure. That is, in the following description, “packaging material” may be read as “multilayer structure”. Typically, “packaging material” can be read as “packaging”.
- the packaging material may be composed of a multilayer structure and other members.
- the packaging material includes an inorganic gas (eg, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide), natural gas, water vapor, and an organic compound that is liquid at normal temperature and pressure (eg, ethanol, gasoline vapor). It has a barrier property against.
- an inorganic gas eg, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide
- natural gas e.g., hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide
- water vapor e.g, ethanol, gasoline vapor
- a multilayer structure may be used for all of the packaging bags, or a multilayer structure may be used for a part of the packaging bag.
- 50% to 100% of the area of the packaging bag may be constituted by a multilayer structure.
- the packaging material is other than a packaging bag (for example, a container or a lid).
- the packaging material of the present invention can be produced by various methods.
- a container is produced by joining a sheet-like multilayer structure or a film material containing the multilayer structure (hereinafter simply referred to as “film material”) and forming it into a predetermined container shape. May be.
- the molding method include thermoforming, injection molding, and extrusion blow molding.
- the container produced as described above may be referred to as a “packaging container” in the present specification.
- the packaging material including the multilayer structure of the present invention may be used after being secondarily processed into various molded products.
- Molded products composed of such multilayer structures include vertical bag filling and sealing bags, vacuum packaging bags, spout pouches, laminated tube containers, infusion bags, paper containers, strip tapes, container lids, in-mold label containers, Or a vacuum heat insulating body may be sufficient. In these molded articles, heat sealing may be performed.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention may be a vertical bag-filling seal bag.
- An example is shown in FIG. 1 is formed by sealing a multilayer structure 11 on three sides of two end portions 11a and a body portion 11b.
- the vertical bag filling and sealing bag 10 can be manufactured by a vertical bag making and filling machine. Various methods are applied to bag making by a vertical bag making and filling machine. In either method, the contents are supplied from the upper opening of the bag to the inside, and then the opening is sealed. A vertical bag filling and sealing bag is manufactured.
- the vertical bag-filling-seal bag is composed of, for example, a single film material that is heat-sealed in three directions, that is, an upper end, a lower end, and a side portion.
- the vertical bag-filling and sealing bag as a packaging container according to the present invention is excellent in gas barrier property and water vapor barrier property, and has gas barrier property and water vapor barrier property even after being subjected to physical stress such as bending treatment, deformation and impact with stretching. The decrease is small. Therefore, according to the vertical bag-filling seal bag, the quality deterioration of the contents can be suppressed over a long period of time.
- the packaging material including the multilayer structure of the present invention may be a vacuum packaging bag.
- An example is shown in FIG.
- the vacuum packaging bag 101 of FIG. 2 is a container that includes film materials 131 and 132 as wall members and is joined (sealed) to each other at the peripheral edge 111.
- the inside of the sealed vacuum packaging bag is depressurized.
- the film materials 131 and 132 are deformed in the central portion 112 surrounded by the peripheral edge portion 111 so as to be in close contact with the contents 150, and the inside and outside of the bag 101. Functions as a partition wall.
- the vacuum packaging bag can be manufactured using a nozzle type or chamber type vacuum packaging machine.
- the vacuum packaging bag as a packaging container according to the present invention has excellent gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties, and is suitable for maintaining gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties even after being subjected to physical stress such as bending treatment, deformation or impact with stretching. ing. Therefore, the barrier performance of the vacuum packaging bag hardly decreases over a long period of time.
- the packaging material including the multilayer structure of the present invention may be a pouch.
- An example is shown in FIG.
- the flat pouch 20 of FIG. 3 is formed by joining two multilayer structures 11 to each other at the peripheral edge portion 11c.
- the phrase “pouch” means a container having a film material as a wall member mainly containing food, daily necessities or pharmaceuticals.
- the pouch include a pouch with a spout, a pouch with a chuck seal, a flat pouch, a stand-up pouch, a horizontal bag-filling seal pouch, and a retort pouch, depending on the shape and application.
- the pouch may be formed by laminating a barrier multilayer film and at least one other layer.
- the pouch as a packaging container according to the present invention is excellent in gas barrier property and water vapor barrier property, and maintains its gas barrier property and water vapor barrier property even when subjected to physical stress such as deformation or impact. Therefore, the pouch can prevent the contents from being deteriorated even after transportation or after long-term storage. In addition, since an example of the pouch can maintain good transparency, it is easy to check the contents and the deterioration of the contents due to deterioration.
- the packaging material including the multilayer structure of the present invention may be a laminated tube container.
- An example is shown in FIG.
- the laminate tube container 301 in FIG. 4 includes a body portion 331 including a laminate film 310 as a partition wall 320 that separates the inside and the outside of the container, and a shoulder portion 332, and the shoulder portion 332 has a through hole (extraction port). It has a cylindrical take-out portion 342 and a base portion 341 having a hollow truncated cone shape.
- the laminated tube container includes a body portion 331 that is a cylindrical body with one end closed, a shoulder portion 332 disposed at the other end of the body portion 331, and an end seal portion 311.
- the shoulder portion 332 has a through hole (extraction port), a cylindrical extraction portion 342 having a male screw portion on the outer peripheral surface, and a base portion having a hollow truncated cone shape 341.
- a lid having a female screw portion corresponding to the male screw portion may be detachably attached to the take-out portion 342.
- the laminate film 310 constituting the wall member of the body portion 331 preferably has the flexibility of the degree described above for the film material.
- a molded body made of metal, resin, or the like can be used for the shoulder portion 332.
- the laminated tube container as a packaging container according to the present invention is excellent in gas barrier property and water vapor barrier property, and the decrease in gas barrier property and water vapor barrier property is small even after being subjected to physical stress such as bending treatment with deformation, deformation or impact.
- the gas barrier property and water vapor barrier property are excellent even after being squeezed during use.
- the laminated tube container using the multilayer structure excellent in transparency it is easy to confirm the contents and confirm the deterioration of the contents due to deterioration.
- the packaging material including the multilayer structure of the present invention may be an infusion bag.
- the infusion bag is a container having an infusion preparation as its contents, and includes a film material as a partition that separates the inside and the outside for containing the infusion preparation.
- FIG. 5 the infusion bag may include a plug member 432 at the peripheral edge 412 of the bag body 431 in addition to the bag body 431 that stores the contents.
- the plug member 432 functions as a path for taking out the infusion contained in the bag body 431.
- the infusion bag may be provided with the suspension hole 433 in the peripheral part 411 on the opposite side of the peripheral part 412 to which the plug member 432 is attached.
- the bag body 431 is formed by joining two film materials 410a and 410b to each other at the peripheral edge portions 411, 412, 413, and 414.
- the film materials 410 a and 410 b function as a partition wall 420 that separates the inside of the bag from the outside of the bag at the center portion surrounded by the peripheral edge portions 411, 412, 413, and 414 of the bag body 431.
- the infusion bag as a packaging container according to the present invention is excellent in gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties, and is less deteriorated in gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties even after being subjected to physical stress such as bending treatment, deformation, and impact with stretching. Therefore, according to the infusion bag, it is possible to prevent the filled liquid medicine from being deteriorated before the heat sterilization treatment, during the heat sterilization treatment, after the heat sterilization treatment, after transportation, and after storage.
- the packaging material containing the multilayer structure of the present invention may be a paper container.
- a paper container is a container in which the partition which separates the inside which accommodates the content, and the exterior contains a paper layer.
- at least a part of the partition wall includes a multilayer structure, and the multilayer structure includes a substrate (X) and a layer (Y).
- the paper layer may be included in the substrate (X).
- the paper container may be of a predetermined shape having a bottom such as a brick type or a gable top type.
- the paper container as a packaging container according to the present invention has little deterioration in gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties even when it is bent.
- the paper container is preferably used for a windowed container.
- An example is shown in FIG.
- the paper container 510 has a window portion 511 on the side surface of the body portion.
- the paper layer is removed from the base material of the window portion of the windowed container, and the contents can be visually recognized through the window portion 511. Even in the window portion 511 from which the paper layer has been removed, the layer structure of the multilayer structure with improved gas barrier properties is maintained as it is.
- the paper container 510 of FIG. 6 can be formed by bending or bonding (sealing) a flat laminate.
- the paper container is also suitable for heating by a microwave oven.
- a strip tape When a paper container is manufactured by bonding (sealing) a layered laminate, a strip tape may be used for a seal portion of the laminate.
- the strip tape is a band-shaped member used for joining wall materials (laminates) constituting the partition walls of the paper container to each other.
- the paper container by this invention may be equipped with the strip tape in the bonding part to which a laminated body is joined.
- the strip tape may include a multilayer structure having the same layer configuration as the multilayer structure included in the partition of the paper container.
- both outermost layers are polyolefin layers for heat sealing.
- This strip tape can suppress the characteristic fall in the bonding part where gas barrier property and water vapor barrier property are easy to fall. Therefore, this strip tape is useful also for the paper container which does not correspond to the packaging container by this invention.
- the packaging material including the multilayer structure of the present invention may be a container lid.
- the container lid member includes a film material that functions as a part of a partition wall that separates the inside of the container from the outside of the container.
- the container lid is a container (with a lid) that is combined with the container body so as to seal the opening of the container body by heat sealing or bonding (sealing) using an adhesive, etc., and has a sealed space inside.
- Container The container lid is usually joined to the container main body at the peripheral edge thereof. In this case, the center part surrounded by the peripheral part faces the internal space of the container.
- the container body is, for example, a molded body having a cup shape, a tray shape, or other shapes.
- the container body includes a wall surface part, a flange part for sealing the container lid, and the like.
- the container lid as a packaging container according to the present invention has excellent gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties, and even after bending treatment with stretching, the deterioration of the gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties is small. It can be suppressed for a long time.
- the packaging material including the multilayer structure of the present invention may be an in-mold label container.
- the in-mold label container includes a container body and the multilayer label (multilayer structure) of the present invention disposed on the surface of the container body.
- the container body is formed by injecting molten resin into the mold.
- the shape of the container body is not particularly limited, and may be a cup shape, a bottle shape, or the like.
- An example of the method of the present invention for manufacturing a container includes a first step of placing a multilayer label of the present invention in a cavity between a female mold part and a male mold part, and injecting molten resin into the cavity
- a second step of simultaneously forming the container body and applying the multilayer label of the present invention to the container body is included. Except for using the multilayer label of the present invention, each step can be performed in a known manner.
- FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of an example of the container of the present invention.
- a container 360 of FIG. 7 includes a cup-shaped container main body 370 and multilayer labels 361 to 363 attached to the surface of the container main body 370.
- the multilayer labels 361 to 363 are multilayer labels of the present invention.
- the container body 370 includes a flange portion 371, a body portion 372, and a bottom portion 373.
- the flange portion 371 has a convex portion 371a projecting up and down at the tip thereof.
- the multilayer label 361 is disposed so as to cover the outer surface of the bottom 373. In the center of the multilayer label 361, a through hole 361a for injecting resin at the time of in-mold label molding is formed.
- the multilayer label 362 is disposed so as to cover the outer surface of the body portion 372 and the lower surface of the flange portion 371.
- the multilayer label 363 is disposed so as to cover a part of the inner surface of the body portion 372 and the upper surface of the flange portion 371.
- the multilayer labels 361 to 363 are fused to the container main body 370 by an in-mold label molding method, and are integrated with the container main body 360. As shown in FIG. 7, the end surface of the multilayer label 363 is fused to the container body 360 and is not exposed to the outside.
- a vacuum heat insulating body is a heat insulating body provided with a coating material and a core material disposed inside the coating material, and the inside where the core material is disposed is decompressed.
- the vacuum insulator makes it possible to achieve a heat insulation characteristic equivalent to that of a heat insulator made of urethane foam with a thinner and lighter heat insulator. Since the vacuum heat insulating body of the present invention can maintain a heat insulating effect for a long period of time, it is used as a heat insulating material for home appliances such as a refrigerator, a hot water supply facility, and a rice cooker, a wall portion, a ceiling portion, an attic portion, a floor portion, and the like. It can be used for heat transfer equipment such as heat insulation materials for automobiles, heat insulation panels for vehicle roofing materials, vending machines, and heat pump application equipment.
- the vacuum heat insulating body 601 in FIG. 8 includes a covering material 610 and a particulate core material 651, and the covering material 610 includes two film materials 631 and 632 that are joined to each other at a peripheral edge 611.
- the material 651 is disposed inside the covering material 610.
- the covering material 610 functions as a partition wall that separates the inside and the outside where the core material 651 is accommodated, and is in close contact with the core material 651 due to a pressure difference between the inside and the outside. .
- FIG. 9 shows another example of the vacuum insulator according to the present invention.
- the vacuum heat insulating body 602 has the same configuration as the vacuum heat insulating body 601 except that the vacuum heat insulating body 602 includes a core material 652 formed integrally instead of the core material 651.
- the core member 652 is typically a resin foam.
- the material and shape of the core material are not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for heat insulation.
- the core material include pearlite powder, silica powder, precipitated silica powder, diatomaceous earth, calcium silicate, glass wool, rock wool, artificial (synthetic) wool, resin foam (eg, styrene foam, urethane foam), and the like.
- a hollow container, a honeycomb structure or the like molded into a predetermined shape can also be used.
- FIG. 10 A partial cross-sectional view of the electronic device is shown in FIG. 10 includes an electronic device main body 41, a sealing material 42 for sealing the electronic device main body 41, a protective sheet (multilayer structure) 43 for protecting the surface of the electronic device main body 41, and the like. .
- the sealing material 42 covers the entire surface of the electronic device body 41.
- the protective sheet 43 is disposed on one surface of the electronic device main body 41 via a sealing material 42.
- the protective sheet 43 may also be disposed on the surface opposite to the surface on which the protective sheet 43 is disposed. In that case, the protective sheet disposed on the opposite surface may be the same as or different from the protective sheet 43.
- the electronic device main body 41 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a photoelectric conversion device such as a solar battery, an organic EL display, a liquid crystal display, an information display device such as electronic paper, or an illumination device such as an organic EL light emitting element.
- the sealing material 42 is an arbitrary member that is appropriately added according to the type and application of the electronic device body 41. Examples of the sealing material 42 include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyvinyl butyral.
- the protective sheet 43 only needs to be arranged so as to protect the surface of the electronic device main body 41, and may be arranged directly on the surface of the electronic device main body 41, or other members such as the sealing material 42 may be used.
- the electronic device main body 41 may be disposed on the surface of the electronic device main body 41.
- a preferred example of the electronic device body 41 is a solar cell.
- the solar battery include a silicon solar battery, a compound semiconductor solar battery, and an organic thin film solar battery.
- the silicon-based solar cell include a single crystal silicon solar cell, a polycrystalline silicon solar cell, and an amorphous silicon solar cell.
- compound semiconductor solar cells include III-V compound semiconductor solar cells, II-VI group compound semiconductor solar cells, and I-III-VI group compound semiconductor solar cells.
- Examples of the organic thin film solar cell include a pn heterojunction organic thin film solar cell and a bulk heterojunction organic thin film solar cell.
- the solar cell may be an integrated solar cell in which a plurality of unit cells are connected in series.
- the electronic device main body 41 can be manufactured by a so-called roll-to-roll method depending on the type.
- a flexible substrate for example, a stainless steel substrate or a resin substrate
- an electronic device body 41 is produced by forming elements on this substrate.
- the electronic device body 41 is taken up by a take-up roll.
- the protective sheet 43 may be prepared in the form of a long sheet having flexibility, more specifically in the form of a wound body of a long sheet.
- the protective sheet 43 delivered from the delivery roll is stacked on the electronic device main body 41 before being taken up by the take-up roll, and taken up together with the electronic device main body 41.
- the electronic device main body 41 wound around the winding roll may be sent out from the roll again and laminated with the protective sheet 43.
- the electronic device itself is flexible.
- the protective sheet 43 includes the multilayer structure described above.
- the protective sheet 43 may be composed of only a multilayer structure.
- the protective sheet 43 may include a multilayer structure and other members (for example, other layers) laminated on the multilayer structure.
- the thickness and material of the protective sheet 43 are not particularly limited.
- the protective sheet 43 may include, for example, a surface protective layer disposed on one surface or both surfaces of the multilayer structure.
- the surface protective layer is preferably a layer made of a resin that is not easily damaged.
- the surface protective layer of the device which may be utilized outdoors like a solar cell consists of resin with high weather resistance (for example, light resistance).
- a surface protective layer with high translucency is preferable.
- Examples of the material for the surface protective layer include poly (meth) acrylate, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether Examples thereof include a copolymer (PFA) and a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP).
- An example of the protective sheet includes a poly (meth) acrylate layer disposed on one surface.
- various additives for example, ultraviolet absorbers
- a preferable example of the surface protective layer having high weather resistance is an acrylic resin layer to which an ultraviolet absorber is added.
- ultraviolet absorbers include, but are not limited to, benzotriazole-based, benzophenone-based, salicylate-based, cyanoacrylate-based, nickel-based, and triazine-based ultraviolet absorbers.
- other stabilizers, light stabilizers, antioxidants and the like may be used in combination.
- the present invention includes embodiments in which the above-described configurations are variously combined within the technical scope of the present invention as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited.
- the multilayer structure was cut using a focused ion beam (FIB) to prepare a section (thickness 0.3 ⁇ m) for cross-sectional observation.
- the prepared section was fixed to the sample base with carbon tape, and platinum ion sputtering was performed at an acceleration voltage of 30 kV for 30 seconds.
- the cross section of the multilayer structure was observed using a field emission transmission electron microscope, and the thickness of each layer was calculated.
- the measurement conditions were as follows. Apparatus: JEM-2100F manufactured by JEOL Ltd. Accelerating voltage: 200kV Magnification: 250,000 times
- the multilayer structure was cut into a size of 1 cm ⁇ 1 cm and freeze-ground.
- the obtained powder was sieved with a sieve having a nominal size of 1 mm (conforming to standard sieve standard JIS-Z8801-1-3).
- 10 g of the powder that passed through the sieve was dispersed in 50 mL of ion-exchanged water, and an extraction operation was performed at 95 ° C. for 10 hours.
- Ammonium ions contained in the obtained extract were quantified using a cation chromatography apparatus. The lower limit of detection was 0.02 ppb.
- the measurement conditions were as follows.
- the polymer (G1-1) was obtained by vacuum drying at 50 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the polymer (G1-1) is a polymer of 2-phosphonooxyethyl methacrylate.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer was 10,000 in terms of polystyrene.
- first coating liquid (U-1) The temperature was raised to 70 ° C. while stirring 230 parts by mass of distilled water. To the distilled water, 88 parts by mass of triisopropoxyaluminum was added dropwise over 1 hour, the liquid temperature was gradually raised to 95 ° C., and the generated isopropanol was distilled off to carry out hydrolysis and condensation. To the obtained liquid, 4.0 parts by mass of a 60% by mass aqueous nitric acid solution was added and stirred at 95 ° C. for 3 hours to flocculate the aggregates of hydrolyzed condensate particles.
- first coating liquid (U-6) ⁇ Example of production of first coating liquid (U-6)>
- the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was not added in the preparation of the dispersion, and the amount of distilled water added was 58.09 parts by mass.
- 0.10 mass part of 1.0 mol% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added. Except for these, the first coating solution (U-6) was prepared by the same method as the preparation of the first coating solution (U-1).
- first coating liquid (U-8) was prepared by the same method as the preparation of the first coating solution (U-5) except that trimethyl phosphate was used instead of phosphoric acid as the phosphorus compound (B) in the solution containing the phosphorus compound (B). (U-8) was prepared.
- first coating liquid (U-9) ⁇ Example of production of first coating liquid (U-9)> The first coating was prepared in the same manner as the first coating liquid (U-5) except that a 5% by mass polyacrylic acid aqueous solution was used instead of the 5% by mass polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution. A liquid (U-9) was prepared.
- the first coating liquid (U-5) was prepared in the same manner as the first coating liquid (U-5) except that an aqueous solution of various metal salts was used in place of the 1.0 mol% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in the dispersion.
- U-7) and (U-10) to (U-18) were prepared.
- As an aqueous solution of a metal salt a 1.0 mol% sodium chloride aqueous solution is used in the first coating solution (U-7), and a 1.0 mol% lithium hydroxide aqueous solution is used in the first coating solution (U-10).
- the liquid (U-11) is a 1.0 mol% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution
- the first coating liquid (U-12) is a 0.5 mol% calcium chloride aqueous solution
- the first coating liquid (U-13) is 0.00. 5 mol% cobalt chloride aqueous solution, 0.5 mol% zinc chloride aqueous solution in the first coating liquid (U-14), 0.5 mol% magnesium chloride aqueous solution in the first coating liquid (U-15),
- Mixed solution of aqueous solution of calcium was used first coating liquid (U-18) In a mixed solution of zinc chloride solution of a salt solution (0.5 mol% and 0.5 mol% aqueous solution of calcium chloride).
- 58.19 parts by mass of distilled water added in the preparation of the first coating liquid (U-1) is 58.00 parts in the first coating liquid (U-34) and the first coating liquid (U-36).
- the mass was 57.89 parts by mass for the first coating liquid (U-39), and 57.81 parts by mass for the first coating liquid (U-37) and the first coating liquid (CU-5). Except for these changes, the first coating solution (U-34), (U-36), (U-37), (U-39), by the same method as the preparation of the first coating solution (U-1), And (CU-5) were prepared.
- first coating liquids (U-42) to (U-44) 0.015 parts by mass of lanthanum oxide is used for the first coating liquid (U-42), 0.006 parts by mass of boric acid is used for the first coating liquid (U-43), and the first coating liquid (U-42) is used.
- 0.007 parts by mass of zinc oxide was used in place of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. All of these were added after the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution was added.
- the amount of distilled water added in the preparation of the first coating liquid (U-1) is 58.19 parts by mass
- the first coating liquid (U-42) is 58.17 parts by mass
- the first coating liquid (U- 43) and (U-44) the amount was 58.18 parts by mass.
- the first coating liquid (U-42) to the first coating liquid (U-44) were prepared by the same method as the preparation of the first coating liquid (U-1).
- first coating liquids (U-45) and (U-46) ⁇ Examples of production of first coating liquids (U-45) and (U-46)>
- the first coating solution (U-40) and (U-41) were prepared in the same manner as in the preparation of the first coating solutions (U-40) and (U-41) except that the amount of distilled water added to 58.57 parts by mass was changed.
- -45) and (U-46) were prepared.
- first coating liquid (CU-1) was prepared in the same manner as the preparation of the first coating liquid (U-1) except that 1.0 mol% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was not added in the preparation of the dispersion. Prepared.
- first coating liquid (CU-8) The same method as the preparation of the first coating liquid (U-1), except that in the preparation of the dispersion, a 5% by mass aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution was not added, and the amount of distilled water added was changed to 58.57 parts by mass. Thus, a first coating liquid (CU-8) was prepared.
- V-2 second coating liquid
- a mixture containing 91% by mass of the polymer (G1-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 9% by mass of polyacrylic acid (number average molecular weight 210,000, weight average molecular weight 1,290,000) was prepared.
- PET12 Stretched polyethylene terephthalate film; manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., “Lumirror P60” (trade name), thickness 12 ⁇ m 2) PET125: stretched polyethylene terephthalate film; “Lumirror S10” (trade name), manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., thickness 125 ⁇ m) 3) PET50: Polyethylene terephthalate film with improved adhesion to ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer; “Shine Beam Q1A15” (trade name) manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., thickness 50 ⁇ m 4) ONY: stretched nylon film; manufactured by Unitika Ltd., “Emblem ONBC” (trade name), thickness 15 ⁇ m 5) CPP50: unstretched polypropylene film; “RXC-21” (trade name), 50 ⁇ m thickness, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- CPP60 unstretched polypropylene film; “RXC-21” (trade name), thickness 60 ⁇ m, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. 7) CPP70: unstretched polypropylene film; “RXC-21” (trade name), thickness 70 ⁇ m, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. 8) CPP100: unstretched polypropylene film; “RXC-21” (trade name), 100 ⁇ m thickness, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
- PET12 was prepared as a base material (X).
- the first coating liquid (U-1) was applied using a bar coater so that the thickness after drying was 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the film after coating was dried at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes to form a precursor layer of layer (Y) on the substrate.
- a layer (Y) was formed by heat treatment at 180 ° C. for 1 minute. In this way, a multilayer structure (1-1) having a structure of layer (Y) (0.5 ⁇ m) / PET was obtained.
- a sample having a size of 21 cm ⁇ 30 cm was cut out from the multilayer structure (1-1), and this sample was allowed to stand for 24 hours under the conditions of 23 ° C. and 50% RH, and then 5% in the major axis direction under the same conditions.
- a multilayer structure (1-1) after the stretching treatment was obtained.
- the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability before and after the stretching treatment of the multilayer structure (1-1) were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 1-24 By coating the first coating liquid (U-4) on PET 12 using a bar coater so that the thickness after drying is 0.5 ⁇ m, and drying the coated film at 110 ° C. for 5 minutes. A precursor layer of layer (Y) was formed on the substrate. Subsequently, the obtained laminate was heat-treated at 160 ° C. for 1 minute to form a layer (Y). In this way, a multilayer structure having a structure of layer (Y) (0.5 ⁇ m) / PET was obtained. By coating the second coating liquid (V-1) on the layer (Y) of this multilayer structure with a bar coater so that the thickness after drying becomes 0.3 ⁇ m, and drying at 200 ° C. for 1 minute. Layer (W) was formed. Thus, a multilayer structure (1-24) of Example 1-24 having a structure of layer (W) (0.3 ⁇ m) / layer (Y) (0.5 ⁇ m) / PET was obtained.
- Examples 1-25 to 1-29 Preparation of the multilayer structure (1-24) of Example 1-24, except that the second coating liquids (V-2) to (V-6) were used instead of the second coating liquid (V-1). In the same manner, multilayer structures (1-25) to (1-29) of Examples 1-25 to 1-29 were obtained.
- a 0.03 ⁇ m thick aluminum oxide vapor deposition layer (X ′) was formed by vacuum vapor deposition.
- the first coating liquid (U-4) is coated using a bar coater so that the thickness after drying is 0.5 ⁇ m, and the coated film is dried at 110 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- the precursor layer of the layer (Y) was formed on the base material.
- a layer (Y) was formed by heat-treating the obtained laminate at 180 ° C. for 1 minute.
- a multilayer structure (1-30) having a structure of layer (Y) (0.5 ⁇ m) / deposition layer (X ′) (0.03 ⁇ m) / PET was obtained.
- Example 1-31 On the layer (Y) of the multilayer structure (1-4) obtained in Example 1-4, an aluminum oxide vapor deposition layer (X ′) having a thickness of 0.03 ⁇ m was formed by a vacuum vapor deposition method. A multilayer structure (1-31) having a structure of layer (X ′) (0.03 ⁇ m) / layer (Y) (0.5 ⁇ m) / PET was obtained.
- the first coating solution (U-4) was coated on both vapor-deposited layers using a bar coater so that the thickness after drying was 0.5 ⁇ m, and the coated film was coated at 110 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- the precursor layer of the layer (Y) was formed by drying. Subsequently, a layer (Y) was formed by heat-treating the obtained laminate with a dryer at 180 ° C. for 1 minute.
- Example 1-33> The first coating solution (U-4) is coated on both sides of PET 12 using a bar coater so that the thickness after drying is 0.5 ⁇ m, and the coated film is dried at 110 ° C. for 5 minutes. Thereby, the precursor layer of the layer (Y) was formed on the base material. Subsequently, a layer (Y) was formed by heat-treating the obtained laminate with a dryer at 180 ° C. for 1 minute. An aluminum oxide vapor deposition layer (X ′) having a thickness of 0.03 ⁇ m was formed on the two layers (Y) of the laminate by a vacuum vapor deposition method.
- vapor deposition layer (X ′) (0.03 ⁇ m) / layer (Y) (0.5 ⁇ m) / PET / layer (Y) (0.5 ⁇ m) / vapor deposition layer (X ′) (0.03 ⁇ m)
- a multilayer structure (1-33) having the following structure was obtained.
- Example 1-34 Implemented in the same manner as in the production of the multilayer structure (1-1) of Example 1-1, except that the first coating liquid (U-34) was used instead of the first coating liquid (U-1). A multilayer structure (1-34) of Example 1-34 was obtained.
- Example 1-35 Other than using the first coating liquid (U-34) instead of the first coating liquid (U-1) and using the second coating liquid (V-4) instead of the second coating liquid (V-1) In the same manner as in the production of the multilayer structure (1-24) of Example 1-24, the multilayer structure (1-35) of Example 1-35 was obtained.
- Example 1-36 The first coating solution (U-36) was coated on PET125 using a bar coater so that the thickness after drying was 0.3 ⁇ m, dried at 110 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then 1 at 180 ° C. Heat treatment was performed for a minute. In this way, a multilayer structure (1-36) was obtained.
- Examples 1-37 to 1-39 The multilayer structure of Example 1-36 except that the first coating liquids (U-37), (U-34), and (U-39) were used instead of the first coating liquid (U-36) (
- the multilayer structures (1-37) to (1-39) of Examples 1-37 to 1-39 were obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of 1-36).
- Example 1-7 A comparison was made in the same manner as in the production of the multilayer structure (1-36) of Example 1-36 except that the first coating liquid (CU-7) was used instead of the first coating liquid (U-36). A multilayer structure (C1-7) of Example 1-7 was produced.
- Table 1 shows conditions for forming the layer (Y) in Examples 1-1 to 1-39, the layer (CY) in Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-7 corresponding to the layer (Y), and the layer (W). .
- the symbol in Table 1 represents the following substances.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol (PVA124 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.)
- PAA polyacrylic acid (Aron-15H manufactured by Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.)
- PPEM Poly (2-phosphonooxyethyl methacrylate)
- PVPA Poly (vinyl phosphonic acid)
- Example 2 shows the structures of the multilayer structures in the examples and comparative examples, and the evaluation results thereof. In Table 2, “-” indicates that no measurement was performed.
- the multilayer structures of the examples were able to maintain both gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties at a high level even when subjected to strong physical stress.
- the multilayer structure including the layer (W) in addition to the layer (Y) had a higher barrier property after stretching than the multilayer structure including only the layer (Y).
- the multilayer structure including the layer (W) and the inorganic vapor deposition layer (X ′) in addition to the layer (Y) had a higher barrier property after stretching than the multilayer structure having only the layer (Y).
- Examples 1-40 to 1-49 Preparation of the multilayer structure (1-1) of Example 1-1 except that the first coating liquids (U-40) to (U-49) were used instead of the first coating liquid (U-1). Similarly, multilayer structures (1-40) to (1-49) of Examples 1-40 to 1-49 were obtained.
- Comparative Example 1 was carried out in the same manner as in the production of the multilayer structure (1-1) of Example 1, except that the first coating liquid (CU-8) was used instead of the first coating liquid (U-1). 8 multilayer structures (C1-8) were produced.
- Table 3 shows conditions for forming the layer (CY) in Comparative Examples 1-1 and 1-8 corresponding to the layer (Y) and the layer (Y) in Examples 1-40 to 1-49.
- the symbol in Table 3 represents the following substances.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol (PVA124 manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.)
- Each of the two adhesive layers was formed by applying a two-component adhesive using a bar coater so that the thickness after drying would be 3 ⁇ m and drying.
- the two-component adhesive is a two-component reactive polyurethane system consisting of “Takelac A-520” (trade name) manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals and “Takenate A-50” (trade name) manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. An adhesive was used.
- the oxygen transmission rates of the multilayer structures (1-40-2) to (1-49-2), (C1-1-2), and (C1-8-2) were measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
- the multilayer structures (1-40-2) to (1-49-2), (C1-1-2), and (C1-8-2) are cut into a width of 120 mm ⁇ 120 mm so that the CPP is on the inside.
- Two multilayer structures were superposed on each other, and a flat pouch was formed by heat-sealing the three sides of the rectangle, and 100 g of water was filled in the pouch.
- the obtained pouch was subjected to a retort treatment (hot water storage type) under the following conditions.
- the multilayer structures of the examples were able to maintain gas barrier properties at a high level before and after the retort treatment.
- Example 1-50> Using the multilayer structure of the present invention, a vertical bag-filled seal bag was produced. First, a multilayer structure (1-1) was produced by the same method as in Example 1-1. Next, a two-component reactive polyurethane adhesive comprising “Takelac A-520” (trade name) manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. and “Takenate A-50” (trade name) manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. has a multilayer structure. A coated and dried product (1-1) was prepared, and this was laminated with ONY to obtain a laminate.
- a two-component reactive adhesive (the above-mentioned “A-520” and “A-50”) was coated on the stretched nylon film of the laminate and dried to prepare CPP70. Laminated. Thus, a multilayer structure (1-50-2) having a structure of PET / layer (Y) / adhesive layer / ONY / adhesive layer / CPP was obtained. Next, the multilayer structure (1-50-2) is cut into a width of 400 mm and supplied to a vertical bag making and filling machine (manufactured by ORIHIRO Co., Ltd.). 160 mm and a length of 470 mm).
- Example 1-51 A vacuum packaging bag was produced using the multilayer structure of the present invention.
- a multilayer structure (1-1) was produced by the same method as in Example 1-1.
- a two-component adhesive (A-520 and A-50 described in Example 1-40) was coated on ONY and dried to prepare a multilayer structure (1-1) and Was laminated.
- a two-component reactive adhesive (“A-520” and “A-50” used in Example 1-50) was coated on the laminated multilayer structure (1-1) and dried.
- a thing was prepared and it was laminated with CPP70.
- a multilayer structure (1-51-2) having a configuration of ONY / adhesive layer / layer (Y) / PET / adhesive layer / CPP was obtained.
- Example 1-52> A pouch with a spout was produced using the multilayer structure of the present invention. First, after cutting out two multilayer structures (1-50-2) described in Example 1-50 into a predetermined shape, the two multilayer structures (1-50-2) so that the CPP 70 is inside. ), The periphery was heat-sealed, and a polypropylene spout was attached by heat sealing. In this way, a flat pouch-type pouch with a spout could be produced without problems.
- a multilayer structure (1-1) was produced by the same method as in Example 1-1.
- each of the two CPPs 100 was coated with a two-component reactive adhesive (“A-520” and “A-50” used in Example 1-50) and dried to prepare a multilayer.
- A-520” and “A-50” used in Example 1-50 was coated with a two-component reactive adhesive (“A-520” and “A-50” used in Example 1-50) and dried to prepare a multilayer.
- a multilayer structure (1-53-2) having a structure of CPP / adhesive layer / layer (Y) / PET / adhesive layer / CPP was obtained.
- a cylindrical body was produced by heat-sealing the overlapped portions.
- the cylindrical body was attached to a mandrel for forming a tube container, and a frustoconical shoulder portion and a leading end portion thereof were produced at one end of the cylindrical body.
- the shoulder and the tip were formed by compression molding polypropylene resin.
- a cap made of polypropylene resin was attached to the tip portion.
- the other open end of the cylindrical body was heat sealed.
- Example 1-54 An infusion bag was produced using the multilayer structure of the present invention. First, after cutting out two multilayer structures (1-50-2) described in Example 1-50 into a predetermined shape, the two multilayer structures (1-50-2) so that the CPP 70 is inside. ), The periphery was heat-sealed, and a polypropylene spout was attached by heat sealing. In this way, an infusion bag could be produced without problems.
- Example 1-55> A container lid was produced using the multilayer structure of the present invention.
- the multilayer structure (1-50-2) described in Example 1-50 was cut into a circle having a diameter of 88 mm as a container lid.
- a cylindrical container high reflex HR78-84 manufactured by Toyo Seikan Co., Ltd.
- the container was almost completely filled with water, and a container lid made of a multilayer structure (1-50-2) was heat sealed to the flange portion. In this way, a lidded container using the container lid material could be produced without problems.
- Example 1-56> A paper container was produced using the multilayer structure of the present invention.
- a multilayer structure (1-1) was produced by the same method as in Example 1-1.
- a polypropylene resin hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “PP”
- PP polypropylene resin
- a PP layer thickness 20 ⁇ m each
- an adhesive is applied to the surface of one PP layer, the multilayer structure (1-1) is laminated thereon, and an adhesive is further applied to the surface of the multilayer structure (1-1). Bonded with CPP70.
- a multilayer structure (1-56-2) having a configuration of PP / paperboard / PP / adhesive layer / layer (Y) / PET / adhesive layer / CPP was produced.
- an anchor coating agent was used as necessary.
- a brick-type paper container could be produced without any problem.
- Example 1-57 A vacuum heat insulator was produced using the multilayer structure of the present invention. First, after cutting out two multilayer structures (1-51-2) described in Example 1-51 into a predetermined shape, the two multilayer structures (1-51-2) so that the CPP 70 is inside. ) And the three sides of the rectangle were heat-sealed to form a bag. Next, a heat insulating core material was filled from the opening of the bag, and the bag was sealed using a vacuum packaging machine (VAC-STAR 2500 type manufactured by Frimark GmbH) at a temperature of 20 ° C. and an internal pressure of 10 Pa. Thus, the vacuum heat insulating body was able to be produced without a problem. In addition, the silica fine powder dried for 4 hours in 120 degreeC atmosphere was used for the heat insulating core material.
- VAC-STAR 2500 type manufactured by Frimark GmbH a vacuum packaging machine
- Example 2 Container First, plasma treatment was performed on the surface of a PET bottle (volume 500 mL, surface area 0.041 m 2 , weight 35 g) serving as a base material. The surface of this PET bottle was coated with the first coating liquid (U-1) by the dipping method and then dried at 110 ° C. for 5 minutes. Next, heat treatment was performed at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes. In this way, a container (2-1) having a structure of base material (X) / layer (Y) was obtained.
- U-1 first coating liquid
- a sample for measurement having a size of 15 cm (circumferential direction) ⁇ 10 cm (length direction) was cut out from the body of the container (2-1), and the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability before and after the stretching treatment were measured.
- the oxygen permeability before the stretching treatment was 0.4 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm)
- the moisture permeability was 0.2 g / (m 2 ⁇ day)
- the oxygen permeability after the stretching treatment was 1.
- moisture permeability is 1.6 g / (m 2 ⁇ day)
- the container of the present invention has high oxygen barrier property and water vapor barrier property even when subjected to strong physical stress Maintained at level.
- stretching process was performed by hold
- Example 3 Vertical bag filling and sealing bag First, PET 12 is used as the base material (X), and the thickness after drying the first coating liquid (U-1) on the base material using a bar coater is used. Was 0.5 ⁇ m and dried at 110 ° C. for 5 minutes. Further, a heat treatment was performed at 180 ° C. for 1 minute to produce a multilayer structure (3-1-1) having a structure of base material (X) / layer (Y). As a result of measuring the infrared absorption spectrum of the multilayer structure (3-1-1), the maximum absorption wave number in the region of 800 to 1,400 cm ⁇ 1 is 1,107 cm ⁇ 1 , and the half-value width of the maximum absorption band in the region is as follows. Was 37 cm ⁇ 1 .
- the multilayer structure (3-1-2) was cut into a width of 400 mm and supplied to a vertical bag making and packaging machine (manufactured by Orihiro Co., Ltd.) so that the CPP layers were in contact with each other and heat sealed.
- a vertical bag-filling and sealing bag (3-1) (width 160 mm, length 470 mm) as shown in FIG. 1 was produced by a vertical bag-filling and packaging machine.
- a sample for measurement was cut out from the vertical bag filling and sealing bag (3-1), and the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability were measured. As a result, the oxygen permeability was 0.4 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), and the moisture permeability was It was 0.2 g / (m 2 ⁇ day).
- Example 4 Vacuum Packaging Bag Two 22 cm ⁇ 30 cm rectangular laminates were cut from the multilayer structure (3-1-2) produced in Example 3. Then, two multilayer structures (3-1-2) were overlaid so that the CPP layer was on the inside, and bags were formed by heat-sealing the three sides of the rectangle.
- the bag was filled with wooden spheres (diameter 30 mm) as a solid food model in a state where they were spread in one layer so that the spheres were in contact with each other. Thereafter, the air inside the bag was evacuated and the last side was heat-sealed to obtain a vacuum-packed bag (4-1) that was vacuum-packed in close contact along the irregularities of the sphere.
- a sample for measurement was cut out from the vacuum packaging bag (4-1), and the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability were measured.
- the oxygen permeability was 0.6 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm)
- the moisture permeability was 0.3 g. / (M 2 ⁇ day).
- Example 5 Laminated tube container An adhesive layer was formed on each of the two CPPs 100 and laminated with the multilayer structure (3-1-2) obtained in Example 3. In this way, a laminate film having a structure of CPP / adhesive layer / multilayer structure / adhesive layer / CPP was obtained.
- the adhesive layer was coated with a two-component reactive adhesive (“A-520” and “A-50” used in Example 1-50) using a bar coater so that the thickness after drying was 3 ⁇ m. And formed by drying.
- a cylindrical body part was manufactured by heat-sealing the overlapped part. This heat sealing was performed between the inner CPP layer and the outer CPP layer.
- drum part was mounted
- the shoulder was formed by compression molding a polypropylene resin.
- cover (cap) made from a polypropylene resin was attached to the taking-out part.
- a laminated tube container (5-1) filled with kneaded wasabi was obtained.
- a sample for measurement was cut out from the laminate tube container (5-1), and the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability were measured.
- the oxygen permeability was 0.6 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm)
- the moisture permeability was 0.3 g. / (M 2 ⁇ day).
- a squeeze test was performed by sandwiching the body of the laminate tube container (5-1) with fingers and reciprocating the fingers along the longitudinal direction of the body while applying a certain force. After 5,000 round trips, the kneaded wasabi of the contents was taken out. A sample for measurement was cut out from the laminated tube container (5-1) after the squeeze test, and the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability were measured. As a result, the oxygen permeability after the squeeze test was 0.9 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm. ), The water vapor transmission rate was 0.8 g / (m 2 ⁇ day).
- the laminated tube container of the present invention maintained oxygen barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties at a high level even when subjected to strong physical stress.
- Example 6 Pouch with spout Two laminates having a size of 20 cm x 13 cm were cut from the multilayer structure (3-1-2) obtained in Example 3. Subsequently, the two laminates that were cut were overlapped so that the CPP layer was inside, the outer periphery was heat-sealed with a width of 0.5 cm, and a polypropylene spout was attached by heat sealing. In this manner, a flat pouch-type pouch with a spout (6-1) was produced. A sample for measurement was cut out from the pouch (6-1), and the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability were measured. As a result, the oxygen permeability was 0.4 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), and the moisture permeability was 0.2 g / ( m 2 ⁇ day).
- the pouch (6-1) was dropped 5 times from a height of 1.5 m with the side of the pouch (heat seal side) down, and a bending test was performed. A sample for measurement was cut out from the pouch (6-1) after the bending test, and the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability were measured. As a result, the oxygen permeability was 0.9 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), and the moisture permeability was 0. 0.8 g / (m 2 ⁇ day).
- the spout pouch of the present invention maintained oxygen barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties at a high level even when subjected to strong physical stress.
- Example 7 Flat Pouch Two laminates each having a size of 20 cm ⁇ 13 cm were cut from the multilayer structure (3-1-2) produced in Example 3. Subsequently, the two laminated bodies cut were overlapped so that the CPP layer was inside, and the outer periphery of the three sides was heat-sealed with a width of 0.5 cm. Further, a pouch opening having a length of 30 mm was formed at the end of the opening on the other side. Next, a polytetrafluoroethylene sheet having a width of 30 mm was inserted into the end of the opening, and heat sealing was performed in that state. After heat sealing, a flat pouch (7-1) was obtained by removing the polytetrafluoroethylene sheet.
- a sample for measurement was cut out from the flat pouch (7-1), and the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability were measured.
- the oxygen permeability was 0.4 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm)
- the moisture permeability was 0.2 g / (M 2 ⁇ day).
- the flat pouch (7-1) was filled with 400 mL of distilled water, and after reducing the head space as much as possible, the opening was heat sealed to seal the filled distilled water so that it did not leak.
- a bending test was conducted by dropping the flat pouch (7-1) sealed with distilled water with the side surface (heat seal side) down and dropping it five times from a height of 1.5 m.
- a sample for measurement was cut out from the flat pouch (7-1) after the bending test, and the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability were measured. As a result, the oxygen permeability was 0.9 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), and the moisture permeability was The amount was 0.8 g / (m 2 ⁇ day).
- the flat pouch of the present invention maintained oxygen barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties at a high level even under strong physical stress.
- Example 8 Infusion bag Two multilayer structures of 12 cm x 10 cm were cut from the multilayer structure (3-1-2) produced in Example 3. Subsequently, the two multilayer structures cut out were overlapped so that the CPP layer was inside, and the periphery was heat sealed, and a polypropylene spout (plug member) was attached by heat sealing. In this way, an infusion bag (8-1) having the same structure as that shown in FIG. 5 was produced. A sample for measurement was cut out from the infusion bag (8-1), and the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability were measured. As a result, the oxygen permeability was 0.4 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), and the moisture permeability was 0.2 g. / (M 2 ⁇ day).
- the infusion bag (8-1) was filled with 100 mL of distilled water, then dropped 5 times from a height of 1.5 m with the side surface (heat seal side) down, and a bending test was performed. A sample for measurement was cut out from the infusion bag (8-1) after the bending test, and the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability were measured. As a result, the oxygen permeability was 0.9 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), and the moisture permeability was The amount was 0.8 g / (m 2 ⁇ day).
- the infusion bag of the present invention maintained oxygen barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties at a high level even under strong physical stress.
- the multilayer structure (3-1-1) was laminated so that the layer (Y) was closer to the board than the base (X).
- the multilayer structure (9-1-2) so that the CPP of the multilayer structure (9-1-2) faces the inside of the container, the brick type paper container (9-1) (Internal volume 500 mL) was produced.
- a circular sample (diameter: 6.5 cm) was cut out from the portion including the bent portion of the paper container (9-1). Next, the cut circular sample is placed on a circle having a diameter of 4.5 cm opened in a 10 cm square aluminum foil (thickness 30 ⁇ m), and a two-component curable epoxy adhesive (between the sample and the aluminum foil) Sealed with “Araldite” (registered trademark) manufactured by Nichiban Co., Ltd.
- the oxygen permeability was 0.7 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm)
- the moisture permeability was 0.4 g / (m 2 ⁇ day).
- the paper container of the present invention maintained oxygen barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties at a high level even when subjected to strong physical stress during bending deformation.
- Example 10 Strip Tape
- a brick type paper container using a strip tape was produced and evaluated.
- the two-component adhesive used in Example 5 was applied on the multilayer structure (3-1-1) and dried, and this was laminated with CPP50 to obtain a laminate.
- the two-component adhesive was applied and dried, and this was laminated with CPP50.
- a multilayer structure (10-1-2) having a configuration of CPP / adhesive layer / multilayer structure / adhesive layer / CPP was obtained.
- This multilayer structure (10-1-2) was cut into strips to produce strip tapes.
- Example 10 After heat-sealing the CPP and the polypropylene resin layer (PP) at the center of one of the four side surfaces, the heat-sealed portion at the center of the side surface is further replaced with the multilayer structure (10 It was covered with a strip tape consisting of -1-2). And the multilayer structure was bonded together by heating the strip tape part from the inside of a paper container, and the paper container (10-1) was produced.
- a circular sample (diameter: 6.5 cm) was cut out from the paper container (10-1) so that the ratio of the pasted portion at the center of the side surface of the paper container to the sample was maximized.
- the cut circular sample is placed on a circle having a diameter of 4.5 cm opened in a 10 cm square aluminum foil (thickness 30 ⁇ m), and a two-component curable epoxy adhesive (between the sample and the aluminum foil) Sealed with “Araldite” (registered trademark) manufactured by Nichiban Co., Ltd.
- the oxygen permeability was 0.6 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), and the moisture permeability was 0.2 g / (m 2 ⁇ day).
- the strip tape of the present invention maintained oxygen barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties at a high level even after being subjected to strong physical stress accompanying pressure and heat during heat sealing.
- Container lid material A circular multilayer structure having a diameter of 100 mm was cut out from the multilayer structure (3-1-2) produced in Example 3 to obtain a container lid.
- a flanged container manufactured by Toyo Seikan Co., Ltd., “High Reflex” (registered trademark), “HR78-84” (trade name)
- This container has a cup shape with an upper surface diameter of 78 mm and a height of 30 mm. The upper surface of the container is open, and the width of the flange portion formed on the periphery thereof is 6.5 mm.
- the container is constituted by a laminate of three layers of olefin layer / steel layer / olefin layer.
- the container main body was almost completely filled with water, and the lid material was heat-sealed to the flange portion, whereby a lidded container (11-1) was obtained.
- the lid material was heat sealed by placing the lid so that the CPP layer of the lid material was in contact with the flange portion.
- the oxygen permeability of the said container by the measuring method used in a present Example was substantially zero.
- a sample for measurement was cut out from the lid of the lidded container (11-1), and the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability were measured. As a result, the oxygen permeability was 0.4 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), and the moisture permeability was 0. It was 2 g / (m 2 ⁇ day).
- the oxygen permeability was 0.9 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day).
- -Atm and the water vapor transmission rate were 0.8 g / (m ⁇ 2 > * day).
- the container with a lid of the present invention maintained oxygen barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties at a high level even under strong physical stress.
- Example 12 In-mold label container For each of two CPPs 100, a two-component adhesive ("A-" used in Examples 1-50 was used by using a bar coater so that the thickness after drying was 3 ⁇ m. 520 "and” A-50 ") were applied and dried. Next, two CPPs and the multilayer structure (1-1) of Example 1-1 were laminated and aged by standing at 40 ° C. for 5 days. In this way, a multilayer label (12-1-2) having a structure of CPP / adhesive layer / substrate (X) / layer (Y) / adhesive layer / CPP was obtained.
- A- used in Examples 1-50
- the multilayer label (12-1-2) was cut in accordance with the shape of the inner wall surface of the female mold part of the container mold and attached to the inner wall surface of the female mold part.
- the male part was pushed into the female part.
- melted polypropylene (“EA7A” of “NOVATEC” (registered trademark) manufactured by Nippon Polypro Co., Ltd.) was injected into the cavity between the male part and the female part at 220 ° C. In this way, injection molding was performed, and the target container (12-1-3) was molded.
- the container body had a thickness of 700 ⁇ m and a surface area of 83 cm 2 .
- the whole outside of the container is covered with the multilayer label (12-1-2), the joint is overlapped with the multilayer label (12-1-2), and the part where the multilayer label (12-1-2) does not cover the outside of the container is There wasn't. At this time, the appearance of the container (12-1-3) was good.
- a sample for measurement was cut out from the body of the container so as not to include the joint of the multilayer label, and the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability of the sample were measured.
- the oxygen permeability was 0.4 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm)
- the moisture permeability was 0.2 g / (m 2 ⁇ day).
- the in-mold label container of the present invention achieved high levels of oxygen barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties even when subjected to strong physical stress accompanying pressure and heat during in-mold label molding.
- Example 13 Extrusion Coat Lamination After forming an adhesive layer on the layer (Y) on the multilayer structure (1-1) in Example 1-1, a polyethylene resin (density: 0.917 g / cm 3 , melt (Flow rate; 8 g / 10 min) was extrusion coated and laminated at 295 ° C. on the adhesive layer so as to have a thickness of 20 ⁇ m. In this way, a multilayer structure (13-1-2) having a structure of base material (X) / layer (Y) / adhesive layer / polyethylene was obtained. The adhesive layer was formed by applying a two-component adhesive using a bar coater so that the thickness after drying was 0.3 ⁇ m and drying.
- This two-part adhesive includes “Takelac” (registered trademark) “A-3210” manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. and “Takenate” (registered trademark) “A-3070” manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. A two-component reactive polyurethane adhesive was used.
- the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability of the multilayer structure (13-1-2) were measured by the methods described above. As a result, the oxygen permeability was 0.4 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), and the moisture permeability was 0.2 g / (m 2 ⁇ day). Thus, by using the multilayer structure used in the present invention, a high oxygen barrier property and a water vapor barrier property were achieved even after being subjected to a strong physical stress accompanying pressure and heat during extrusion coating.
- Example 14 Vacuum insulator On CPP60, the two-component reactive polyurethane adhesive used in Example 13 was applied to a thickness of 3 ⁇ m after drying and dried to form an adhesive layer. did.
- a laminate (14-1-1) was obtained by laminating this CPP and the PET layer of the multilayer structure (3-1-2) produced in Example 3. Subsequently, the adhesive layer was formed by applying the two-component adhesive on the ONY so that the thickness after drying was 3 ⁇ m and drying. Then, by bonding the ONY and the laminate (14-1-1), a multilayer structure (14-1-2) having a structure of CPP / adhesive layer / multilayer structure / adhesive layer / ONY is obtained. Obtained.
- the multilayer structure (14-1-2) was cut to obtain two laminates having a size of 70 cm ⁇ 30 cm.
- the two laminates were overlapped so that the CPP layers were the inner surfaces, and the three sides were heat-sealed with a width of 10 mm to produce a three-sided bag.
- the heat insulating core material was filled from the opening of the three-sided bag, and the three-sided bag was sealed at 20 ° C. and an internal pressure of 10 Pa using a vacuum packaging machine. In this way, a vacuum insulator (14-1) was obtained. Silica fine powder was used for the heat insulating core material.
- the vacuum insulator (14-1) was allowed to stand for 360 days under the conditions of 40 ° C. and 15% RH, and then the pressure inside the vacuum insulator was measured using a Pirani vacuum gauge. As a result, it was 37.0 Pa.
- a sample for measurement was cut out from the vacuum insulator (14-1), and the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability before and after the stretching treatment were measured.
- the oxygen permeability before the stretching treatment was 0.4 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm)
- the moisture permeability was 0.2 g / (m 2 ⁇ day)
- the oxygen permeability after the stretching treatment was 1.
- 1 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm) and water vapor transmission rate were 1.4 g / (m 2 ⁇ day).
- the sample was stretched by 5% in one direction corresponding to the major axis direction and held for 10 seconds.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention maintains the oxygen barrier property and the water vapor barrier property at a high level even under strong physical stress, and the vacuum insulator using the same maintains the internal pressure well. .
- Example 15 Effect of packing ⁇ Example 15-1>
- the flat pouch (7-1) described in Example 7 was charged with 500 mL of a liquid material.
- As liquids 1.5% ethanol aqueous solution (Example 15-1), edible vinegar (Example 15-2), pH 2 citric acid aqueous solution (Example 15-3), edible oil (Example 15-4) , Ketchup (Example 13-5), soy sauce (Example 15-6), ginger paste (Example 15-7), and a liquid containing 200 g of mandarin orange (Example 15-8) were used.
- the produced flat pouch was stored for 6 months under conditions of 23 ° C. and 50% RH.
- a sample for measurement was cut out from the flat pouch after storage, and the oxygen permeability of the sample was measured.
- the oxygen permeability of the samples of Examples 15-1 to 15-8 was 0.2 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm).
- Example 15-2 The lidded container (10-1) described in Example 10 was filled with a liquid material and sealed.
- As liquids 1.5% ethanol aqueous solution (Example 15-9), edible vinegar (Example 15-10), pH 2 citric acid aqueous solution (Example 15-11), edible oil (Example 15-12) Ketchup (Example 15-13), soy sauce (Example 15-14), ginger paste (Example 15-15), and a liquid containing 100 g of mandarin orange (Example 15-16) were used.
- the produced container with a lid was stored for 6 months under conditions of 23 ° C. and 50% RH.
- a sample for measurement was cut out from the lid of the container with lid after storage, and the oxygen permeability of the sample was measured.
- the oxygen permeability of the samples of Examples 15-9 to 15-16 was 0.2 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm).
- the packaging material using the multilayer structure of the present invention showed good barrier performance even after a storage test was conducted in a state filled with food.
- Example 16 Protective sheet ⁇ Example 16-1> Using PET12 as a base material, the first coating liquid (U-1) was coated on the base material (PET) using a bar coater so that the thickness after drying was 0.5 ⁇ m. After drying at 5 ° C. for 5 minutes, heat treatment was performed at 180 ° C. for 1 minute. In this way, a multilayer structure (16-1) having a structure of base material (X) / layer (Y) was obtained. A result of measuring the infrared absorption spectrum of the resulting structure, the maximum absorption wave number region of 800 ⁇ 1,400cm -1 is 1,107Cm -1, the half width of said maximum absorption band was 37cm -1 .
- the obtained protective sheet (16-1) was measured for oxygen permeability and moisture permeability.
- the oxygen permeability was 0.4 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), and the moisture permeability was 0.2 g / (m 2 ⁇ day).
- a measurement sample having a size of 15 cm ⁇ 10 cm was cut out of the protective sheet (16-1). The sample was allowed to stand for 24 hours under the conditions of 23 ° C. and 50% RH, and then stretched by 5% in the major axis direction under the same conditions, and the stretched state was maintained for 10 seconds.
- the oxygen permeability and moisture permeability of the protective sheet (16-1) after the stretching treatment were measured.
- the oxygen permeability after the stretching treatment was 1.1 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm), and the moisture permeability was 1.6 g / (m 2 ⁇ day).
- the protective sheet (C16-1) was prepared in the same manner as in the production of the protective sheet (16-1) of Example 1, except that the multilayer structure (C16-1) was used instead of the multilayer structure (16-1). Was made.
- the protective sheet (C16-1) was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 16-1.
- the oxygen permeability before the stretching treatment is 0.2 mL / (m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm)
- the moisture permeability is 6.1 g / (m 2 ⁇ day)
- the oxygen permeability after the stretching treatment is 0.4 mL / ( m 2 ⁇ day ⁇ atm)
- the permeation humidity was 7.2 g / (m 2 ⁇ day).
- the protective sheet (multilayer structure) of the example showed higher stretch resistance than the protective sheet of the comparative example.
- Example 16-2 The protection sheet (16-1) obtained in Example 16-1 was tested for flexibility. Specifically, a test was performed in which the protective sheet (16-1) was wound 20 times along the outer peripheral surface of a stainless steel cylinder (outer diameter 30 cm). The protection sheet (16-1) was not damaged by this test. From this, it was confirmed that the protective sheet (16-1) has flexibility.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention is excellent in gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties.
- the multilayer structure of the present invention can maintain gas barrier properties and water vapor barrier properties at a high level even when subjected to physical stress such as deformation or impact. Therefore, the multilayer structure of the present invention can be preferably used as a packaging material for foods, medicines, medical equipment, industrial materials, clothing and the like.
- Examples of uses other than packaging materials include LCD substrate films, organic EL substrate films, electronic paper substrate films, electronic device sealing films, PDP films, LED films, IC tag films, solar Includes electronic device-related films such as battery back sheets and solar cell protective films, optical communication members, flexible films for electronic devices, fuel cell membranes, fuel cell sealing films, and substrate films for various functional films. .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Cartons (AREA)
- Bag Frames (AREA)
Abstract
Description
前記基材(X)上に前記第1コーティング液(U)を塗工することによって、前記基材(X)上に前記層(Y)の前駆体層を形成する工程〔II〕と、
前記前駆体層を110℃以上の温度で熱処理する工程〔III〕とを含み、
前記第1コーティング液(U)において、前記金属酸化物(A)を構成する金属原子(M)のモル数(NM)と、前記リン化合物(B)に由来するリン原子のモル数(NP)とが、0.8≦NM/NP≦4.5の関係を満たし、
前記第1コーティング液(U)において、前記モル数(NM)と、前記陽イオン(Z)のモル数(NZ)と、前記イオン価(FZ)とが、0.001≦FZ×NZ/NM≦0.60の関係を満たすことを特徴とする多層構造体の製造方法を提供する。
本発明の多層構造体は、基材(X)と、基材(X)上に積層された層(Y)とを含む。層(Y)は、金属酸化物(A)とリン化合物(B)とイオン価(FZ)が1以上3以下である陽イオン(Z)とを含有する。リン化合物(B)は、金属酸化物(A)と反応可能な部位を含有する。本発明の多層構造体は、層(Y)において、金属酸化物(A)を構成する金属原子(M)のモル数(NM)と、リン化合物(B)に由来するリン原子のモル数(NP)は、0.8≦NM/NP≦4.5の関係を満たし、かつ、層(Y)において、金属酸化物(A)を構成する金属原子(M)のモル数(NM)と、陽イオン(Z)のモル数(NZ)と、陽イオン(Z)のイオン価(FZ)とは、0.001≦FZ×NZ/NM≦0.60の関係を満たす。なお、金属原子(M)は、金属酸化物(A)に含まれるすべての金属原子を意味する。以下の説明において、特に注釈がない限り、「多層構造体」という語句は基材(X)と層(Y)とを含む多層構造体を意味する。
基材(X)の材質は特に制限されず、様々な材質からなる基材を用いることができる。基材(X)の材質としては、例えば、熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂等の樹脂;布帛、紙類等の繊維集合体;木材;ガラス;金属;金属酸化物等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、熱可塑性樹脂および繊維集合体が好ましく、熱可塑性樹脂がより好ましい。基材(X)の形態は、特に制限されず、フィルムまたはシート等の層状であってもよい。基材(X)としては、熱可塑性樹脂フィルム層、紙層および無機蒸着層からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含むものが好ましい。この場合の基材は単層であってもよいし、複層であってもよい。基材(X)は、熱可塑性樹脂フィルム層を含むものがより好ましく、熱可塑性樹脂フィルム層に加えて無機蒸着層(X’)をさらに含んでもよい。
無機蒸着層(X’)は、酸素や水蒸気に対するバリア性を有するものであることが好ましく、透明性を有するものであることがより好ましい。無機蒸着層(X’)は、無機物を蒸着することによって形成することができる。無機物としては、例えば、金属(例えば、アルミニウム)、金属酸化物(例えば、酸化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム)、金属窒化物(例えば、窒化ケイ素)、金属窒化酸化物(例えば、酸窒化ケイ素)、または金属炭化窒化物(例えば、炭窒化ケイ素)等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、酸化アルミニウム、酸化ケイ素、酸化マグネシウム、または窒化ケイ素で形成される無機蒸着層は、酸素や水蒸気に対するバリア性が優れる観点から好ましい。
層(Y)は金属酸化物(A)とリン化合物(B)とイオン価が1以上3以下である陽イオン(Z)とを含む。各成分について以下に説明する。
金属酸化物(A)を構成する金属原子(M)は、原子価が2価以上であることが好ましい。金属原子(M)としては、例えば、マグネシウム、カルシウム等の周期表第2族の金属原子;チタン、ジルコニウム等の周期表第4族の金属原子;亜鉛等の周期表第12族の金属原子;ホウ素、アルミニウム等の周期表第13族の金属原子;ケイ素等の周期表第14族の金属原子等を挙げることができる。なお、ホウ素およびケイ素は半金属原子に分類される場合があるが、本明細書ではこれらを金属原子に含めるものとする。金属原子(M)は1種類であってもよいし、2種類以上であってもよい。これらの中でも、金属酸化物(A)の生産性や得られる多層構造体のガスバリア性や水蒸気バリア性がより優れることから、金属原子(M)は、アルミニウム、チタン、およびジルコニウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であることが好ましく、アルミニウムであることがより好ましい。すなわち、金属原子(M)はアルミニウムを含むことが好ましい。
リン化合物(B)との反応の制御が容易になり、得られる多層構造体のガスバリア性が優れることから、化合物(L)は、下記一般式[I]で示される化合物(L1)を少なくとも1種含むことが好ましい。
M1(R1)m(R2)n―m [I]
式中、M1は、アルミニウム、チタン、およびジルコニウムからなる群より選ばれる。R1は、ハロゲン原子(フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)、NO3、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~9のアルコキシ基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~9のアシロキシ基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~9のアルケニルオキシ基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数5~15のβ-ジケトナト基、または置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~9のアシル基を有するジアシルメチル基である。R2は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~9のアルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数7~10のアラルキル基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数2~9のアルケニル基、または置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基である。mは1~nの整数である。nはM1の原子価に等しい。R1が複数存在する場合、R1は互いに同一であってもよいし異なっていてもよい。R2が複数存在する場合、R2は互いに同一であってもよいし異なっていてもよい。
リン化合物(B)は、金属酸化物(A)と反応可能な部位を含有し、典型的には、そのような部位を複数含有する。リン化合物(B)としては、無機リン化合物が好ましい。リン化合物(B)としては、金属酸化物(A)と反応可能な部位(原子団または官能基)を2~20個含有する化合物が好ましい。そのような部位には、金属酸化物(A)の表面に存在する官能基(例えば、水酸基)と縮合反応可能な部位が含まれる。そのような部位としては、例えば、リン原子に直接結合したハロゲン原子、リン原子に直接結合した酸素原子等が挙げられる。金属酸化物(A)の表面に存在する官能基(例えば、水酸基)は、通常、金属酸化物(A)を構成する金属原子(M)に結合している。
本発明の多層構造体は、層(Y)において、NMとNPとが、0.8≦NM/NP≦4.5の関係を満たすものであり、1.0≦NM/NP≦3.6の関係を満たすものが好ましく、1.1≦NM/NP≦3.0の関係を満たすものがより好ましい。NM/NPの値が4.5を超えると、金属酸化物(A)がリン化合物(B)に対して過剰となり、金属酸化物(A)とリン化合物(B)との結合が不充分となり、また、金属酸化物(A)の表面に存在する水酸基の量が多くなるため、ガスバリア性とその安定性が低下する傾向がある。一方、NM/NPの値が0.8未満であると、リン化合物(B)が金属酸化物(A)に対して過剰となり、金属酸化物(A)との結合に関与しない余剰なリン化合物(B)が多くなり、また、リン化合物(B)由来の水酸基の量が多くなりやすく、やはりバリア性とその安定性が低下する傾向がある。
反応生成物(D)は、金属酸化物(A)とリン化合物(B)との反応で得られる。ここで、金属酸化物(A)とリン化合物(B)とさらに他の化合物とが反応することで生成する化合物も反応生成物(D)に含まれる。反応生成物(D)は、反応に関与していない金属酸化物(A)および/またはリン化合物(B)を部分的に含んでいてもよい。
陽イオン(Z)のイオン価(FZ)は、1以上3以下である。レトルト処理等、物理的ストレスのみならず熱水や加熱水蒸気に対する耐性も必要となる場合は、イオン価(FZ)は、2以上3以下であることが好ましく、3であることがより好ましい。陽イオン(Z)は周期表第2~7周期の元素を含む陽イオンである。陽イオン(Z)としては、例えば、リチウムイオン、ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン、カルシウムイオン、チタンイオン、ジルコニウムイオン、ランタノイドイオン(例えば、ランタンイオン)、バナジウムイオン、マンガンイオン、鉄イオン、コバルトイオン、ニッケルイオン、銅イオン、亜鉛イオン、ホウ素イオン、アルミニウムイオン、およびアンモニウムイオン等が挙げられ、中でも、マグネシウムイオン、カルシウムイオン、ランタノイドイオン(例えば、ランタンイオン)、亜鉛イオン、ホウ素イオンが好ましい。陽イオン(Z)は1種類であってもよいし、2種類以上を含んでいてもよい。陽イオン(Z)の働きについては、現在のところ明確ではない。1つの仮説では、陽イオン(Z)は、金属酸化物(A)やリン化合物(B)の水酸基を介して他の金属酸化物(A)やリン化合物(B)が有する水酸基とイオン結合を形成することによって、層(Y)の物理的ストレスに対する耐性を向上させていると考えられる。そのため、より高い耐性が必要となる場合はより多くのイオン結合を形成できるイオン価(FZ)が大きい陽イオンを用いることが好ましい。
本発明の多層構造体は、層(Y)において、FZとNZとNMとが、0.001≦FZ×NZ/NM≦0.60の関係を満たすものであり、0.001≦FZ×NZ/NM≦0.30の関係を満たすものが好ましく、0.01≦FZ×NZ/NM≦0.30の関係を満たすものがより好ましい。
本発明の多層構造体は、層(Y)において、FZとNZとNPが、0.0008≦FZ×NZ/NP≦1.35の関係を満たすものが好ましく、0.001≦FZ×NZ/NP≦1.00の関係を満たすものがより好ましく、0.0012≦FZ×NZ/NP≦0.35の関係を満たすものがさらに好ましく、0.012≦FZ×NZ/NP≦0.29の関係を満たすものが特に好ましい。
層(Y)は、特定の重合体(C)をさらに含んでもよい。重合体(C)は、例えば、カルボニル基、水酸基、カルボキシル基、カルボン酸無水物基、およびカルボキシル基の塩からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の官能基を含有する重合体である。
多層構造体中の層(Y)は、金属酸化物(A)、化合物(L)、リン化合物(B)、反応生成物(D)、陽イオン(Z)またはその化合物(E)、酸(加水分解縮合に使用する酸触媒、解膠時の酸等)、および重合体(C)に加え、他の成分を含んでいてもよい。他の成分としては、例えば、陽イオン(Z)を含まない炭酸塩、塩酸塩、硝酸塩、炭酸水素塩、硫酸塩、硫酸水素塩、ホウ酸塩等の無機酸金属塩;陽イオン(Z)を含まない酢酸塩、ステアリン酸塩、シュウ酸塩、酒石酸塩等の有機酸金属塩;層状粘土化合物;架橋剤;重合体(C)以外の高分子化合物;可塑剤;酸化防止剤;紫外線吸収剤;難燃剤等が挙げられる。多層構造体中の層(Y)における前記の他の成分の含有量は、層(Y)の質量に対して50質量%以下であることが好ましく、20質量%以下であることがより好ましく、10質量%以下であることがさらに好ましく、5質量%以下であることが特に好ましく、0質量%(他の成分を含まない)であってもよい。
層(Y)の厚さ(多層構造体が2層以上の層(Y)を有する場合には各層(Y)の厚さの合計)は、0.05~4.0μmであることが好ましく、0.1~2.0μmであることがより好ましい。層(Y)を薄くすることによって、印刷、ラミネート等の加工時における多層構造体の寸法変化を低く抑えることができる。また、多層構造体の柔軟性が増すため、その力学的特性を基材自体の力学的特性に近づけることもできる。本発明の多層構造体が2層以上の層(Y)を有する場合、ガスバリア性の観点から、層(Y)1層当たりの厚さは0.05μm以上であることが好ましい。層(Y)の厚さは、層(Y)の形成に用いられる後述する第1コーティング液(U)の濃度や、その塗工方法によって制御することができる。
層(Y)の赤外線吸収スペクトルにおいて、800~1,400cm-1の領域における最大吸収波数は1,080~1,130cm-1の範囲にあることが好ましい。金属酸化物(A)とリン化合物(B)とが反応して反応生成物(D)となる過程において、金属酸化物(A)に由来する金属原子(M)とリン化合物(B)に由来するリン原子(P)とが酸素原子(O)を介して結合したM-O-Pで表される結合を形成する。その結果、赤外線吸収スペクトルにおいて該結合由来の特性吸収帯が生じる。本発明者らによる検討の結果、M-O-Pの結合に基づく吸収帯が1,080~1,130cm-1の領域に見られる場合には、得られた多層構造体が優れたガスバリア性を発現することがわかった。特に、該特性吸収帯が、一般に各種の原子と酸素原子との結合に由来する吸収が見られる800~1,400cm-1の領域において最も強い吸収である場合には、得られた多層構造体がさらに優れたガスバリア性を発現することがわかった。
本発明の多層構造体は、層(W)をさらに含んでもよい。層(W)は、リン原子を含有する官能基を有する重合体(G1)を含む。層(W)は、層(Y)に隣接して配置されることが好ましい。すなわち、層(W)および層(Y)は、互いに接触するように配置されることが好ましい。また、層(W)は、層(Y)を挟んで基材(X)と反対側(好ましくは反対側の表面)に配置されることが好ましい。換言すれば、基材(X)と層(W)との間に層(Y)が配置されることが好ましい。好ましい一例では、層(W)が、層(Y)を挟んで基材(X)と反対側(好ましくは反対側の表面)に配置され、かつ、層(Y)に隣接して配置される。層(W)は、水酸基および/またはカルボキシル基を有する重合体(G2)をさらに含んでもよい。重合体(G2)としては、重合体(C)と同じものを使用することができる。重合体(G1)について、以下に説明する。
リン原子を含有する官能基を有する重合体(G1)が有するリン原子を含有する官能基としては、例えば、リン酸基、亜リン酸基、ホスホン酸基、亜ホスホン酸基、ホスフィン酸基、亜ホスフィン酸基、およびこれらの塩、ならびにこれらから誘導される官能基(例えば、(部分)エステル化合物、ハロゲン化物(例えば、塩化物)、脱水物)等を挙げられる。中でも、リン酸基および/またはホスホン酸基が好ましく、ホスホン酸基がより好ましい。
本発明の製造方法によれば、本発明の多層構造体を容易に製造できる。本発明の多層構造体について説明した事項は本発明の製造方法に適用できるため、重複する説明を省略する場合がある。また、本発明の製造方法について説明した事項は、本発明の多層構造体に適用できる。
工程〔I〕では、金属酸化物(A)と、リン化合物(B)と、陽イオン(Z)のイオン性化合物(E)とを混合する。これらを混合するにあたり、溶媒を添加してもよい。第1コーティング液(U)において、イオン性化合物(E)から陽イオン(Z)が生成される。第1コーティング液(U)は、金属酸化物(A)、リン化合物(B)、および陽イオン(Z)の他に、他の化合物を含んでもよい。
工程〔I-a〕:金属酸化物(A)を含む液体を調製する工程、
工程〔I-b〕:リン化合物(B)を含む溶液を調製する工程、
工程〔I-c〕:前記工程〔I-a〕および〔I-b〕で得られた金属酸化物(A)を含む液体とリン化合物(B)を含む溶液とを混合する工程。
工程〔II〕では、基材(X)上に第1コーティング液(U)を塗工することによって、基材(X)上に層(Y)の前駆体層を形成する。第1コーティング液(U)は、基材(X)の少なくとも一方の面の上に直接塗工してもよい。また、第1コーティング液(U)を塗工する前に、基材(X)の表面を公知のアンカーコーティング剤で処理したり、基材(X)の表面に公知の接着剤を塗工したりする等して、基材(X)の表面に接着層(H)を形成しておいてもよい。
工程〔III〕では、工程〔II〕で形成された前駆体層(層(Y)の前駆体層)を140℃以上の温度で熱処理することによって、層(Y)を形成する。この熱処理温度は第1コーティング液(U)の塗工後の乾燥処理温度よりも高いことが好ましい。
本発明の多層構造体は、例えば、基材(X)に直接または接着層(H)を介して層(Y)(および必要に応じて層(W))を積層させた後に、さらに他の層を直接または接着層(H)を介して押出しコートラミネート法により形成することによって、押出しコートラミネートにより形成された層をさらに有することができる。本発明で用いることができる押出しコートラミネート法に特に限定はなく、公知の方法を用いてもよい。典型的な押出しコートラミネート法では、溶融した熱可塑性樹脂をTダイに送り、Tダイのフラットスリットから取り出した熱可塑性樹脂を冷却することによって、ラミネートフィルムが製造される。
本発明の多層構造体において、層(Y)は、基材(X)と直接接触するように積層されていてもよい。また、層(Y)は、他の層を介して基材(X)に積層されていてもよい。例えば、層(Y)は、接着層(H)を介して基材(X)に積層されていてもよい。この構成によれば、基材(X)と層(Y)との接着性を高めることができる場合がある。接着層(H)は、接着性樹脂で形成してもよい。接着性樹脂からなる接着層(H)は、基材(X)の表面を公知のアンカーコーティング剤で処理するか、基材(X)の表面に公知の接着剤を塗工することによって形成できる。接着剤としては、ポリイソシアネート成分とポリオール成分とを混合し反応させる2液反応型ポリウレタン系接着剤が好ましい。また、アンカーコーティング剤や接着剤に、公知のシランカップリング剤等の少量の添加剤を加えることによって、さらに接着性を高めることができる場合がある。シランカップリング剤としては、例えば、イソシアネート基、エポキシ基、アミノ基、ウレイド基、メルカプト基等の反応性基を有するシランカップリング剤が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。基材(X)と層(Y)とを接着層(H)を介して強く接着することによって、本発明の多層構造体に対して印刷やラミネート等の加工を施す際に、バリア性や外観の悪化をより効果的に抑制することができ、さらに、本発明の多層構造体を用いた包装材の落下強度を高めることができる。接着層(H)の厚さは0.01~10.0μmが好ましく、0.03~5.0μmがより好ましい。
本発明の多層構造体は、様々な特性、例えば、ヒートシール性を付与したり、バリア性や力学物性を向上させたりするための他の層を含んでもよい。このような本発明の多層構造体は、例えば、基材(X)に直接または接着層(H)を介して層(Y)を積層させた後に、さらに該他の層を直接または接着層(H)を介して接着または形成することによって製造できる。他の層としては、例えば、インク層やポリオレフィン層等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
本発明の多層構造体の構成の具体例を以下に示す。多層構造体は接着層(H)等の接着層を有していてもよいが、以下の具体例において、該接着層や他の層の記載は省略している。
(1)層(Y)/ポリエステル層、
(2)層(Y)/ポリエステル層/層(Y)、
(3)層(Y)/ポリアミド層、
(4)層(Y)/ポリアミド層/層(Y)、
(5)層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層、
(6)層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層/層(Y)、
(7)層(Y)/水酸基含有ポリマー層、
(8)層(Y)/水酸基含有ポリマー層/層(Y)、
(9)層(Y)/紙層、
(10)層(Y)/紙層/層(Y)、
(11)層(Y)/無機蒸着層/ポリエステル層、
(12)層(Y)/無機蒸着層/ポリアミド層、
(13)層(Y)/無機蒸着層/ポリオレフィン層、
(14)層(Y)/無機蒸着層/水酸基含有ポリマー層、
(15)層(Y)/ポリエステル層/ポリアミド層/ポリオレフィン層、
(16)層(Y)/ポリエステル層/層(Y)/ポリアミド層/ポリオレフィン層、
(17)ポリエステル層/層(Y)/ポリアミド層/ポリオレフィン層、
(18)層(Y)/ポリアミド層/ポリエステル層/ポリオレフィン層、
(19)層(Y)/ポリアミド層/層(Y)/ポリエステル層/ポリオレフィン層、
(20)ポリアミド層/層(Y)/ポリエステル層/ポリオレフィン層、
(21)層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層/ポリアミド層/ポリオレフィン層、
(22)層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層/層(Y)/ポリアミド層/ポリオレフィン層、
(23)ポリオレフィン層/層(Y)/ポリアミド層/ポリオレフィン層、
(24)層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層/ポリオレフィン層、
(25)層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層/層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層、
(26)ポリオレフィン層/層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層、
(27)層(Y)/ポリエステル層/ポリオレフィン層、
(28)層(Y)/ポリエステル層/層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層、
(29)ポリエステル層/層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層、
(30)層(Y)/ポリアミド層/ポリオレフィン層、
(31)層(Y)/ポリアミド層/層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層、
(32)ポリアミド層/層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層、
(33)層(Y)/ポリエステル層/紙層、
(34)層(Y)/ポリアミド層/紙層、
(35)層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層/紙層、
(36)ポリオレフィン層/紙層/ポリオレフィン層/層(Y)/ポリエステル層/ポリオレフィン層、
(37)ポリオレフィン層/紙層/ポリオレフィン層/層(Y)/ポリアミド層/ポリオレフィン層、
(38)ポリオレフィン層/紙層/ポリオレフィン層/層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層、
(39)紙層/ポリオレフィン層/層(Y)/ポリエステル層/ポリオレフィン層、
(40)ポリオレフィン層/紙層/層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層、
(41)紙層/層(Y)/ポリエステル層/ポリオレフィン層、
(42)紙層/層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層、
(43)層(Y)/紙層/ポリオレフィン層、
(44)層(Y)/ポリエステル層/紙層/ポリオレフィン層、
(45)ポリオレフィン層/紙層/ポリオレフィン層/層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層/水酸基含有ポリマー層、
(46)ポリオレフィン層/紙層/ポリオレフィン層/層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層/ポリアミド層、
(47)ポリオレフィン層/紙層/ポリオレフィン層/層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層/ポリエステル層、
(48)無機蒸着層/層(Y)/ポリエステル層、
(49)無機蒸着層/層(Y)/ポリエステル層/層(Y)/無機蒸着層、
(50)無機蒸着層/層(Y)/ポリアミド層、
(51)無機蒸着層/層(Y)/ポリアミド層/層(Y)/無機蒸着層、
(52)無機蒸着層/層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層、
(53)無機蒸着層/層(Y)/ポリオレフィン層/層(Y)/無機蒸着層
本発明の多層構造体は、ガスバリア性および水蒸気バリア性のいずれにも優れ、加工時の延伸、ヒートシールやレトルト処理時に起こる基材(X)と層(Y)の熱収縮率の差に起因する屈曲等の物理的ストレスを受けた後においても、両バリア性を高いレベルで維持できる。また、本発明の好ましい一例によれば、外観に優れる多層構造体を得ることができる。このため、本発明の多層構造体および該多層構造体を用いた包装材は、様々な用途に適用できる。
本発明の包装材は、基材(X)と、基材(X)上に積層された層(Y)とを含む多層構造体を含む。包装材は、多層構造体のみによって構成されてもよい。すなわち、以下の説明において、「包装材」を「多層構造体」に読み替えてもよい。また、典型的には、「包装材」を「包装」と読み替えることが可能である。包装材は、多層構造体と他の部材とによって構成されてもよい。
本発明の多層構造体は、縦製袋充填シール袋であってもよい。一例を図1に示す。図1の縦製袋充填シール袋10は、多層構造体11が、2つの端部11aと胴体部11bとの三方でシールされることによって形成されている。縦製袋充填シール袋10は、縦型製袋充填機により製造できる。縦型製袋充填機による製袋には様々な方法が適用されるが、いずれの方法においても、内容物は袋の上方の開口からその内部へと供給され、その後にその開口がシールされて縦製袋充填シール袋が製造される。縦製袋充填シール袋は、例えば、上端、下端および側部の三方においてヒートシールされた1枚のフィルム材により構成される。本発明による包装容器としての縦製袋充填シール袋は、ガスバリア性および水蒸気バリア性に優れ、延伸を伴う屈曲処理、変形や衝撃等の物理的ストレスを受けた後でもガスバリア性と水蒸気バリア性の低下が小さい。そのため、該縦製袋充填シール袋によれば、内容物の品質劣化を長期間にわたって抑制できる。
本発明の多層構造体を含む包装材は、真空包装袋であってもよい。一例を図2に示す。図2の真空包装袋101は、フィルム材131、132を壁部材として備え、周縁部111において互いに接合(シール)されている容器である。密閉された真空包装袋の内部は減圧され、通常、フィルム材131、132は、周縁部111に囲まれた中央部112において、変形して内容物150に密着し、袋101の内部と外部とを隔てる隔壁として機能する。真空包装袋は、ノズル式またはチャンバー式の真空包装機を用いて製造することができる。本発明による包装容器としての真空包装袋は、ガスバリア性と水蒸気バリア性に優れ、延伸を伴う屈曲処理、変形や衝撃等の物理的ストレスを受けた後にもガスバリア性と水蒸気バリア性の維持に適している。そのため、該真空包装袋のバリア性能は、長期間にわたってほとんど低下しない。
本発明の多層構造体を含む包装材は、パウチであってもよい。一例を図3に示す。図3の平パウチ20は、2枚の多層構造体11が、その周縁部11cで互いに接合されることによって形成されている。本明細書において、「パウチ」という語句は主として食品、日用品または医薬品を内容物とする、フィルム材を壁部材として備えた容器を意味する。パウチは、例えば、その形状および用途から、スパウト付きパウチ、チャックシール付きパウチ、平パウチ、スタンドアップパウチ、横製袋充填シールパウチ、レトルトパウチ等が挙げられる。パウチは、バリア性多層膜と、少なくとも1層の他の層とを積層することによって形成してもよい。本発明による包装容器としてのパウチは、ガスバリア性と水蒸気バリア性に優れ、変形や衝撃等の物理的ストレスを受けた際にもそのガスバリア性と水蒸気バリア性が維持される。そのため、該パウチは、輸送後や長期保存後においても、内容物の変質を防ぐことが可能である。また、該パウチの一例では、透明性を良好に保持できるため、内容物の確認や、劣化による内容物の変質の確認が容易である。
本発明の多層構造体を含む包装材は、ラミネートチューブ容器であってもよい。一例を図4に示す。図4のラミネートチューブ容器301は、容器の内部と外部とを隔てる隔壁320としてラミネートフィルム310を備えた胴体部331と、肩部332とを備え、肩部332は、貫通孔(取り出し口)を有する筒状の取り出し部342と、中空の円錐台形状を有する基台部341とを備える。より具体的には、ラミネートチューブ容器は、一方の端部が閉じた筒状体である胴体部331と、胴体部331の他方の端部に配置された肩部332と、端部シール部311と、側面シール部312とを備え、肩部332は、貫通孔(取り出し口)を有し、外周面に雄ねじ部を有する筒状の取り出し部342と、中空の円錐台形状を有する基台部341とを備える。取り出し部342には、着脱自在に、雄ねじ部に対応する雌ねじ部を有する蓋が取り付けられていてもよい。胴体部331の壁部材を構成するラミネートフィルム310は、フィルム材について上述した程度の柔軟性を有していることが好ましい。肩部332には、金属や樹脂等からなる成形体を使用できる。本発明による包装容器としてのラミネートチューブ容器は、ガスバリア性と水蒸気バリア性に優れ、延伸を伴う屈曲処理、変形や衝撃等の物理的ストレスを受けた後でもガスバリア性と水蒸気バリア性の低下が小さく、使用時にスクイーズ(squeeze)された後でも優れたガスバリア性と水蒸気バリア性を維持する。また、透明性に優れた多層構造体を用いたラミネートチューブ容器では、内容物の確認や、劣化による内容物の変質の確認が容易となる。
本発明の多層構造体を含む包装材は、輸液バッグであってもよい。輸液バッグは、輸液製剤をその内容物とする容器であり、輸液製剤を収容するための内部と外部とを隔てる隔壁としてフィルム材を備える。一例を図5に示す。図5に示されるように、輸液バッグは、内容物を収容するバッグ本体431に加え、バッグ本体431の周縁部412に口栓部材432を備えていてもよい。口栓部材432は、バッグ本体431の内部に収容された輸液類を取り出す経路として機能する。また、輸液バッグは、バッグを吊り下げるために、口栓部材432が取り付けられた周縁部412の反対側の周縁部411に吊り下げ孔433を備えていてもよい。バッグ本体431は、2枚のフィルム材410a、410bがその周縁部411、412、413、414において互いに接合されることによって形成されている。フィルム材410a、410bは、バッグ本体431の周縁部411、412、413、414に囲まれた中央部において、バッグ内部とバッグ外部とを隔てる隔壁420として機能する。本発明による包装容器としての輸液バッグは、ガスバリア性と水蒸気バリア性に優れ、延伸を伴う屈曲処理、変形や衝撃等の物理的ストレスを受けた後でもガスバリア性と水蒸気バリア性の低下が小さい。そのため、該輸液バッグによれば、加熱殺菌処理前、加熱殺菌処理中、加熱殺菌処理後、輸送後、保存後においても、充填されている液状医薬品が変質することを防止できる。
本発明の多層構造体を含む包装材は、紙容器であってもよい。紙容器は、内容物を収容する内部と外部とを隔てる隔壁が紙層を含む容器である。好ましい一例では、隔壁の少なくとも一部が多層構造体を含み、多層構造体は基材(X)および層(Y)を含む。紙層は、基材(X)に含まれていてもよい。紙容器は、ブリック型、ゲーブルトップ型等、底を有する所定の形状のものであってもよい。本発明による包装容器としての紙容器は、折り曲げ加工を行ってもガスバリア性と水蒸気バリア性の低下が少ない。また、該紙容器は層(Y)の透明性が良好であるため、窓付き容器に好ましく用いられる。一例を図6に示す。紙容器510は胴体部の側面に窓部511を有する。この窓付き容器の窓部の基材からは紙層が除去され、窓部511を通して内容物を視認できる。紙層を除去した窓部511においてもガスバリア性を高めた多層構造体の層構成がそのまま維持される。図6の紙容器510は、平板状の積層体を折り曲げたり接合(シール)したりすることによって形成できる。該紙容器は、電子レンジによる加熱にも適している。
層状の積層体を接合(シール)して紙容器を作製する際に、積層体のシール部にストリップテープが使用されることがある。ストリップテープは、紙容器の隔壁を構成する壁材(積層体)を互いに接合するために用いられる帯状の部材である。本発明による紙容器は、積層体が接合される貼り合わせ部にストリップテープを備えていてもよい。この場合、ストリップテープは、紙容器の隔壁に含まれる多層構造体と同じ層構成を有する多層構造体を含んでいてもよい。好ましいストリップテープの一例では、両最外層が、ヒートシールのためのポリオレフィン層である。このストリップテープは、ガスバリア性や水蒸気バリア性が低下しやすい貼り合わせ部における特性低下を抑制できる。そのため、このストリップテープは、本発明による包装容器には該当しない紙容器に対しても有用である。
本発明の多層構造体を含む包装材は、容器用蓋材であってもよい。容器用蓋材は、容器の内部と容器の外部とを隔てる隔壁の一部として機能するフィルム材を備える。容器用蓋材は、ヒートシールや接着剤を用いた接合(シール)等によって、容器本体の開口部を封止するように容器本体と組み合わされ、内部に密閉された空間を有する容器(蓋付き容器)を形成する。容器用蓋材は、通常、その周縁部において容器本体と接合される。この場合、周縁部に囲まれた中央部が容器の内部空間に面することになる。容器本体は、例えば、カップ状、トレー状、その他の形状を有する成形体である。容器本体は、壁面部や、容器用蓋材をシールするためのフランジ部等を備える。本発明による包装容器としての容器用蓋材は、ガスバリア性と水蒸気バリア性に優れ、延伸を伴う屈曲処理後でもガスバリア性と水蒸気バリア性の低下が小さいため、内容物である食品の品質劣化を長期間にわたって抑制できる。
本発明の多層構造体を含む包装材は、インモールドラベル容器であってもよい。インモールドラベル容器は、容器本体と、容器本体の表面に配置された本発明の多層ラベル(多層構造体)とを含む。容器本体は、型の内部に溶融樹脂を注入することによって形成される。容器本体の形状に特に限定はなく、カップ状、ボトル状等であってもよい。
真空断熱体は、被覆材と、被覆材により囲まれた内部に配置された芯材とを備える断熱体であり、芯材が配置された内部は減圧されている。真空断熱体は、ウレタンフォームからなる断熱体による断熱特性と同等の断熱特性を、より薄くより軽い断熱体で達成することを可能にする。本発明の真空断熱体は、長期間にわたって断熱効果を保持できるため、冷蔵庫、給湯設備および炊飯器等の家電製品用の断熱材、壁部、天井部、屋根裏部および床部等に用いられる住宅用断熱材、車両屋根材、自動販売機等の断熱パネル、ヒートポンプ応用機器等の熱移動機器等に利用できる。
本発明の保護シートを有する電子デバイスの一例について説明する。電子デバイスの一部断面図を図10に示す。図10の電子デバイス40は、電子デバイス本体41と、電子デバイス本体41を封止するための封止材42と、電子デバイス本体41の表面を保護するための保護シート(多層構造体)43と、を備える。封止材42は、電子デバイス本体41の表面全体を覆っている。保護シート43は、電子デバイス本体41の一方の表面上に、封止材42を介して配置されている。保護シート43が配置された表面とは反対側の表面にも、保護シート43が配置されてもよい。その場合、その反対側の表面に配置される保護シートは、保護シート43と同じであってもよいし異なっていてもよい。
フーリエ変換赤外分光光度計を用い、減衰全反射法で測定した。測定条件は以下の通りとした。
装置:パーキンエルマー株式会社製Spectrum One
測定モード:減衰全反射法
測定領域:800~1,400cm-1
多層構造体を収束イオンビーム(FIB)を用いて切削し、断面観察用の切片(厚さ0.3μm)を作製した。作製した切片を試料台座にカーボンテープで固定し、加速電圧30kVで30秒間白金イオンスパッタを行った。多層構造体の断面を電界放出形透過型電子顕微鏡を用いて観察し、各層の厚さを算出した。測定条件は以下の通りとした。
装置:日本電子株式会社製JEM-2100F
加速電圧:200kV
倍率:250,000倍
多層構造体1.0gに分析等級の高純度硝酸5mLを加えてマイクロ波分解処理を行い、得られた溶液を超純水で50mLに定容することによって、アルミニウムイオン以外の金属イオンの定量分析用溶液を得た。また、この溶液0.5mLを超純水で50mLに定容することによって、アルミニウムイオンの定量分析用溶液を得た。前記の方法で得られた溶液中に含まれる金属イオン量を誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析装置を用いて内部標準法で定量した。各金属イオンの検出下限は0.1ppmであった。測定条件は以下の通りとした。
装置:パーキンエルマー株式会社製Optima4300DV
RFパワー:1,300W
ポンプ流量:1.50mL/分
補助ガス流量(アルゴン):0.20L/分
キャリアガス流量(アルゴン):0.70L/分
クーラントガス:15.0L/分
多層構造体を1cm×1cmのサイズに裁断し、凍結粉砕した。得られた粉体を、呼び寸法1mmのふるい(標準ふるい規格JIS-Z8801-1~3準拠)でふるい分けした。前記のふるいを通過した粉体10gをイオン交換水50mL中に分散させ、95℃で10時間抽出操作を行った。得られた抽出液中に含まれるアンモニウムイオンを陽イオンクロマトグラフィー装置を用いて定量した。検出下限は0.02ppbであった。測定条件は以下の通りとした。
装置:Dionex社製ICS-1600
ガードカラム:Dionex社製IonPAC CG-16(5φ×50mm)
分離カラム:Dionex社製IonPAC CS-16(5φ×250mm)
検出器:電気伝導度検出器
溶離液:30ミリモル/L メタンスルホン酸水溶液
温度:40℃
溶離液流速:1mL/分
分析量:25μL
酸素透過量測定装置にキャリアガス側に基材の層が向くようにサンプルを取り付け、等圧法により酸素透過度を測定した。測定条件は以下の通りとした。
装置:モダンコントロール社製MOCON OX-TRAN2/20
温度:20℃
酸素供給側の湿度:85%RH
キャリアガス側の湿度:85%RH
酸素圧:1気圧
キャリアガス圧力:1気圧
水蒸気透過量測定装置にキャリアガス側に基材の層が向くようにサンプルを取り付け、等圧法により透湿度(水蒸気透過度)を測定した。測定条件は以下の通りとした。
装置:モダンコントロール社製MOCON PERMATRAN W3/33
温度:40℃
水蒸気供給側の湿度:90%RH
キャリアガス側の湿度:0%RH
水蒸気透過量測定装置に水蒸気供給側に基材の層が向くようにサンプルを取り付け、差圧法により透湿度(水蒸気透過度)を測定した。測定条件は以下の通りとした。
装置:Technolox社製Deltaperm
温度:40℃
水蒸気供給(上室)側の圧力:50Torr(6,665Pa)
水蒸気透過(下室)側の圧力:0.003Torr(0.4Pa)
窒素雰囲気下、2-ホスホノオキシエチルメタクリレート8.5gおよびアゾビスイソブチロニトリル0.1gをメチルエチルケトン17gに溶解させ、80℃で12時間攪拌した。得られた重合体溶液を冷却した後、1,2-ジクロロエタン170gに加え、デカンテーションによって重合体を沈殿物として回収した。続いて、重合体をテトラヒドロフランに溶解させ、1,2-ジクロロエタンを貧溶媒として用いて再沈精製を行った。再沈精製を3回行った後、50℃で24時間真空乾燥することによって、重合体(G1-1)を得た。重合体(G1-1)は、2-ホスホノオキシエチルメタクリレートの重合体である。GPC分析の結果、該重合体の数平均分子量はポリスチレン換算で10,000であった。
窒素雰囲気下、ビニルホスホン酸10gおよび2,2’-アゾビス(2-アミジノプロパン)2塩酸塩0.025gを水5gに溶解させ、80℃で3時間攪拌した。冷却後、重合溶液に水15gを加えて希釈し、セルロース膜であるスペクトラムラボラトリーズ社製の「Spectra/Por」(登録商標)を用いてろ過した。ろ液中の水を留去した後、50℃で24時間真空乾燥することによって、重合体(G1-2)を得た。重合体(G1-2)は、ポリ(ビニルホスホン酸)である。GPC分析の結果、該重合体の数平均分子量はポリエチレングリコール換算で10,000であった。
蒸留水230質量部を撹拌しながら70℃に昇温した。その蒸留水に、トリイソプロポキシアルミニウム88質量部を1時間かけて滴下し、液温を徐々に95℃まで上昇させ、発生するイソプロパノールを留出させることによって加水分解縮合を行った。得られた液体に、60質量%の硝酸水溶液4.0質量部を添加し、95℃で3時間撹拌することによって加水分解縮合物の粒子の凝集体を解膠させた。その後、その液体に濃度が1.0モル%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液2.24質量部を加え、固形分濃度が酸化アルミニウム換算で10質量%になるように濃縮した。こうして得られた液体18.66質量部に対して、蒸留水58.19質量部、メタノール19.00質量部、および5質量%のポリビニルアルコール水溶液(株式会社クラレ製PVA124;ケン化度98.5モル%、粘度平均重合度2,400、20℃での4質量%水溶液粘度60mPa・s)0.50質量部を加え、均一になるように撹拌し、金属酸化物(A)を含む液体である分散液を得た。続いて、液温を15℃に維持した状態で前記分散液を攪拌しながらリン化合物(B)を含む溶液である85質量%のリン酸水溶液3.66質量部を滴下して加え、滴下完了後からさらに30分間攪拌を続け、表1に記載されたNM/NP、FZ×NZ/NM、およびFZ×NZ/NPの値を有する目的の第1コーティング液(U-1)を得た。
第1コーティング液(U-2)~(U-5)の調製では、分散液の調製において、FZ×NZ/NMおよびFZ×NZ/NPの値が後掲の表1に示す値となるように1.0モル%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の添加量を変更した。このこと以外は第1コーティング液(U-1)の調製と同様の方法によって、第1コーティング液(U-2)~(U-5)を調製した。
第1コーティング液(U―6)の調製では、分散液の調製において、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加せず、かつ、加える蒸留水の量を58.09質量部とした。また、分散液にリン酸水溶液を滴下した後、1.0モル%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液0.10質量部を添加した。これらのこと以外は第1コーティング液(U-1)の調製と同様の方法によって、第1コーティング液(U-6)を調製した。
リン化合物(B)を含む溶液のリン化合物(B)としてリン酸の代わりにリン酸トリメチルを用いたこと以外は第1コーティング液(U-5)の調製と同様の方法によって、第1コーティング液(U-8)を調製した。
分散液の調製において、5質量%のポリビニルアルコール水溶液の代わりに5質量%のポリアクリル酸水溶液を用いたこと以外は第1コーティング液(U-5)の調製と同様の方法によって、第1コーティング液(U-9)を調製した。
分散液の調製において1.0モル%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の代わりに各種金属塩の水溶液を使用した以外は第1コーティング液(U-5)の調製と同様の方法によって、第1コーティング液(U-7)および(U-10)~(U-18)を調製した。金属塩の水溶液として、第1コーティング液(U-7)では1.0モル%の塩化ナトリウム水溶液、第1コーティング液(U-10)では1.0モル%の水酸化リチウム水溶液、第1コーティング液(U-11)では1.0モル%の水酸化カリウム水溶液、第1コーティング液(U-12)では0.5モル%の塩化カルシウム水溶液、第1コーティング液(U-13)では0.5モル%の塩化コバルト水溶液、第1コーティング液(U-14)では0.5モル%の塩化亜鉛水溶液、第1コーティング液(U-15)では0.5モル%の塩化マグネシウム水溶液、第1コーティング液(U-16)では1.0モル%のアンモニア水溶液、第1コーティング液(U-17)では塩水溶液(1.0モル%の塩化ナトリウム水溶液と0.5モル%の塩化カルシウム水溶液との混合液)、第1コーティング液(U-18)では塩水溶液(0.5モル%の塩化亜鉛水溶液と0.5モル%の塩化カルシウム水溶液との混合液)を用いた。
NM/NPおよびFZ×NZ/NPの比率を後掲の表1に従って変更したこと以外は第1コーティング液(U-5)の調製と同様の方法によって、第1コーティング液(U-19)~(U-23)を調製した。
分散液の調製において、第1コーティング液(U-34)では0.19質量部の酸化亜鉛、第1コーティング液(U-36)では0.19質量部の酸化マグネシウム、第1コーティング液(U-37)では0.38質量部のホウ酸、第1コーティング液(U-39)では0.30質量部の炭酸カルシウム、第1コーティング液(CU-5)では0.38質量部のテトラエトキシシランを、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の代わりに用いた。これらはいずれも、ポリビニルアルコール水溶液を添加した後に添加した。また、第1コーティング液(U-1)の調製で添加する蒸留水の量58.19質量部を、第1コーティング液(U-34)および第1コーティング液(U-36)では58.00質量部、第1コーティング液(U-39)では57.89質量部、第1コーティング液(U-37)および第1コーティング液(CU-5)では57.81質量部とした。これらの変更以外は第1コーティング液(U-1)の調製と同様の方法によって、第1コーティング液(U-34)、(U-36)、(U-37)、(U-39)、および(CU-5)を調製した。
第1コーティング液(U-40)および(U-41)の調製では、分散液の調製において、FZ×NZ/NMおよびFZ×NZ/NPの値が後掲の表1に示す値となるように1.0モル%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液および1.0モル%の水酸化カリウム水溶液の添加量を変更した。このこと以外は第1コーティング液(U-1)の調製と同様の方法によって、第1コーティング液(U-40)および(U-41)を調製した。
分散液の調製において、第1コーティング液(U-42)では0.015質量部の酸化ランタン、第1コーティング液(U-43)では0.006質量部のホウ酸、第1コーティング液(U-44)では0.007質量部の酸化亜鉛を、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の代わりに用いた。これらはいずれも、ポリビニルアルコール水溶液を添加した後に添加した。また、第1コーティング液(U-1)の調製で添加する蒸留水の量58.19質量部を、第1コーティング液(U-42)では58.17質量部、第1コーティング液(U-43)および(U-44)では58.18質量部とした。これらの変更以外は第1コーティング液(U-1)の調製と同様の方法によって、第1コーティング液(U-42)~第1コーティング液(U-44)を調製した。
第1コーティング液(U-45)および(U-46)の調製では、分散液の調製において、5質量%のポリビニルアルコール水溶液を添加せず、第1コーティング液(U-45)、(U-46)に添加する蒸留水の量を58.57質量部に変更したこと以外は第1コーティング液(U-40)および(U-41)の調製と同様の方法によって、第1コーティング液(U-45)および(U-46)を調製した。
第1コーティング液(U-47)~(U-49)の調製では、分散液の調製において、5質量%のポリビニルアルコール水溶液を添加せず、第1コーティング液(U-47)に添加する蒸留水の量を58.56質量部、第1コーティング液(U-48)、(U-49)に添加する蒸留水の量を58.57質量部とした。これらの変更以外は第1コーティング液(U-42)~(U-44)の調製と同様の方法によって、第1コーティング液(U-47)~(U-49)を調製した。
分散液の調製において1.0モル%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加しなかったこと以外は第1コーティング液(U-1)の調製と同様の方法によって、第1コーティング液(CU-1)を調製した。
分散液の調製において、FZ×NZ/NMの値が表1に示す値となるように1.0モル%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の添加量を変更したこと以外は第1コーティング液(U-1)の調製と同様の方法によって、第1コーティング液(CU-2)および(CU-6)を調製した。
分散液の調製において5質量%のポリビニルアルコール水溶液を添加せず、添加する蒸留水の量を58.57質量部に変更したこと以外は第1コーティング液(U-1)の調製と同様の方法によって、第1コーティング液(CU-8)を調製した。
NM/NPの値を表1に従って変更したこと以外は第1コーティング液(U-5)の調製と同様の方法によって、第1コーティング液(CU-3)および(CU-4)を調製した。
まず、合成例1で得た重合体(G1-1)を水とメタノールの混合溶媒(質量比で水:メタノール=7:3)に溶解させ、固形分濃度が1質量%の第2コーティング液(V-1)を得た。また、合成例1で得た重合体(G1-1)を91質量%、ポリビニルアルコール(株式会社クラレ製PVA124;ケン化度98.5モル%、粘度平均重合度2,400、20℃での4質量%水溶液粘度60mPa・s)を9質量%含む混合物を準備した。この混合物を、水とメタノールの混合溶媒(質量比で水:メタノール=7:3)に溶解させ、固形分濃度が1質量%の第2コーティング液(V-2)を得た。また、合成例1で得た重合体(G1-1)を91質量%、ポリアクリル酸(数平均分子量210,000、重量平均分子量1,290,000)を9質量%含む混合物を準備した。この混合物を、水とメタノールとの混合溶媒(質量比で水:メタノール=7:3)に溶解させ、固形分濃度が1質量%の第2コーティング液(V-3)を得た。さらに、重合体(G1-1)を重合体(G1-2)に変更した以外は第2コーティング液(V-1)~(V-3)の調製と同様の方法によって、第2コーティング液(V-4)~(V-6)を得た。
1)PET12:延伸ポリエチレンレテフタレートフィルム;東レ株式会社製、「ルミラー P60」(商品名)、厚さ12μm
2)PET125:延伸ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム;東レ株式会社製、「ルミラー S10」(商品名)、厚さ125μm)
3)PET50:エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体との接着性を向上させたポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム;東洋紡株式会社製、「シャインビーム Q1A15」(商品名)、厚さ50μm
4)ONY:延伸ナイロンフィルム;ユニチカ株式会社製、「エンブレム ONBC」(商品名)、厚さ15μm
5)CPP50:無延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム;三井化学東セロ株式会社製、「RXC-21」(商品名)、厚さ50μm
6)CPP60:無延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム;三井化学東セロ株式会社製、「RXC-21」(商品名)、厚さ60μm
7)CPP70:無延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム;三井化学東セロ株式会社製、「RXC-21」(商品名)、厚さ70μm
8)CPP100:無延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム;三井化学東セロ株式会社製、「RXC-21」(商品名)、厚さ100μm
まず、基材(X)としてPET12を準備した。この基材上に、乾燥後の厚さが0.5μmとなるようにバーコーターを用いて第1コーティング液(U-1)を塗工した。塗工後のフィルムを100℃で5分間乾燥することによって基材上に層(Y)の前駆体層を形成した。続いて、180℃で1分間熱処理することによって層(Y)を形成した。このようにして、層(Y)(0.5μm)/PETという構造を有する多層構造体(1-1)を得た。
第1コーティング液(U-1)の代わりに第1コーティング液(U-2)~(U-23)を用いたこと以外は実施例1の多層構造体(1-1)の作製と同様にして、実施例1-2~1-23の多層構造体(1-2)~(1-23)を作製した。実施例1-4の多層構造体(1-4)の金属イオン含有量を分析した結果、{(ナトリウムイオンのイオン価)x(ナトリウムイオンモル数)}/(アルミニウムイオンモル数)=0.240であった。
PET12上に、乾燥後の厚さが0.5μmとなるようにバーコーターを用いて第1コーティング液(U-4)をコートし、塗工後のフィルムを110℃で5分間乾燥することによって基材上に層(Y)の前駆体層を形成した。続いて、得られた積層体に対して、160℃で1分間熱処理することによって層(Y)を形成した。このようにして、層(Y)(0.5μm)/PETという構造を有する多層構造体を得た。この多層構造体の層(Y)上に、乾燥後の厚さが0.3μmになるようにバーコーターによって第2コーティング液(V-1)をコートし、200℃で1分間乾燥することによって層(W)を形成した。このようにして、層(W)(0.3μm)/層(Y)(0.5μm)/PETという構造を有する実施例1-24の多層構造体(1-24)を得た。
第2コーティング液(V-1)の代わりに第2コーティング液(V-2)~(V-6)を用いたこと以外は実施例1-24の多層構造体(1-24)の作製と同様の方法によって、実施例1-25~1-29の多層構造体(1-25)~(1-29)を得た。
PET12上に、厚さ0.03μmの酸化アルミニウムの蒸着層(X’)を真空蒸着法によって形成した。この蒸着層上に、乾燥後の厚さが0.5μmとなるようにバーコーターを用いて第1コーティング液(U-4)をコートし、塗工後のフィルムを110℃で5分間乾燥することによって基材上に層(Y)の前駆体層を形成した。続いて、得られた積層体に対して、180℃で1分間熱処理することによって層(Y)を形成した。このようにして、層(Y)(0.5μm)/蒸着層(X’)(0.03μm)/PETという構造を有する多層構造体(1-30)を得た。
実施例1-4で得られた多層構造体(1-4)の層(Y)上に、厚さ0.03μmの酸化アルミニウムの蒸着層(X’)を真空蒸着法により形成して、蒸着層(X’)(0.03μm)/層(Y)(0.5μm)/PETという構造を有する多層構造体(1-31)を得た。
PET12の両面に、厚さ0.03μmの酸化アルミニウムの蒸着層(X’)を真空蒸着法によって形成した。この、両方の蒸着層上に乾燥後の厚さが0.5μmとなるようにバーコーターを用いて第1コーティング液(U-4)をコートし、塗工後のフィルムを110℃で5分間乾燥することによって層(Y)の前駆体層を形成した。続いて、得られた積層体に対して、乾燥機を用いて180℃で1分間熱処理することによって層(Y)を形成した。このようにして、層(Y)(0.5μm)/蒸着層(X’)(0.03μm)/PET/蒸着層(X’)(0.03μm)/層(Y)(0.5μm)という構造を有する多層構造体(1-32)を得た。
PET12の両面に、乾燥後の厚さがそれぞれ0.5μmとなるようにバーコーターを用いて第1コーティング液(U-4)をコートし、塗工後のフィルムを110℃で5分間乾燥することによって基材上に層(Y)の前駆体層を形成した。続いて、得られた積層体に対して、乾燥機を用いて180℃で1分間熱処理することによって層(Y)を形成した。この積層体の2つの層(Y)の上に厚さ0.03μmの酸化アルミニウムの蒸着層(X’)を真空蒸着法によって形成した。このようにして、蒸着層(X’)(0.03μm)/層(Y)(0.5μm)/PET/層(Y)(0.5μm)/蒸着層(X’)(0.03μm)という構造を有する多層構造体(1-33)を得た。
第1コーティング液(U-1)の代わりに第1コーティング液(U-34)を用いたこと以外は実施例1-1の多層構造体(1-1)の作製と同様の方法によって、実施例1-34の多層構造体(1-34)を得た。
第1コーティング液(U-1)の代わりに第1コーティング液(U-34)を用い、第2コーティング液(V-1)の代わりに第2コーティング液(V-4)を使用したこと以外は実施例1-24の多層構造体(1-24)の作製と同様の方法によって、実施例1-35の多層構造体(1-35)を得た。
PET125上に、バーコーターを用いて第1コーティング液(U-36)を乾燥後の厚さが0.3μmとなるように塗工し、110℃で5分間乾燥させた後、180℃で1分間熱処理を行った。このようにして多層構造体(1-36)を得た。
第1コーティング液(U-36)の代わりに第1コーティング液(U-37)、(U-34)、および(U-39)を使用したこと以外は実施例1-36の多層構造体(1-36)の作製と同様にして、実施例1-37~1-39の多層構造体(1-37)~(1-39)を得た。
第1コーティング液(U-1)の代わりに第1コーティング液(CU-1)~(CU-6)を用いたこと以外は実施例1-1の多層構造体(1-1)の作製と同様にして、比較例1-1~1-6の多層構造体(C1-1)~(C1-6)を作製した。比較例1-1の多層構造体(C1-1)の金属イオン含有量を分析した結果、検出下限未満({(ナトリウムイオンのイオン価)x(ナトリウムイオンモル数)}/(アルミニウムイオンモル数)=0.001未満)であった。
第1コーティング液(U-36)の代わりに第1コーティング液(CU-7)を用いたことを以外は実施例1-36の多層構造体(1-36)の作製と同様にして、比較例1-7の多層構造体(C1-7)を作製した。
PVA:ポリビニルアルコール(株式会社クラレ製PVA124)
PAA:ポリアクリル酸(東亜合成株式会社製アロン-15H)
PPEM:ポリ(2-ホスホノオキシエチルメタクリレート)
PVPA:ポリ(ビニルホスホン酸)
第1コーティング液(U-1)の代わりに第1コーティング液(U-40)~(U-49)を使用したこと以外は実施例1-1の多層構造体(1-1)の作製と同様にして、実施例1-40~1-49の多層構造体(1-40)~(1-49)を得た。
第1コーティング液(U-1)の代わりに第1コーティング液(CU-8)を用いたこと以外は実施例1の多層構造体(1-1)の作製と同様にして、比較例1-8の多層構造体(C1-8)を作製した。
PVA:ポリビニルアルコール(株式会社クラレ製PVA124)
レトルト処理装置:株式会社日阪製作所製 フレーバーエースRSC-60
温度:130℃
時間:30分間
圧力:0.21MPaG
以下では、成形品を製造した例について説明する。
本発明の多層構造体を用いて縦製袋充填シール袋を作製した。まず、実施例1-1と同様の方法によって、多層構造体(1-1)を作製した。次に、三井化学株式会社製の「タケラック A-520」(商品名)と三井化学株式会社製の「タケネート A-50」(商品名)とからなる2液反応型ポリウレタン系接着剤を多層構造体(1-1)上にコートして乾燥したものを準備し、これとONYとをラミネートして積層体を得た。続いて、その積層体の延伸ナイロンフィルム上に、2液反応型接着剤(上述の「A-520」および「A-50」)をコートして乾燥したものを準備し、これとCPP70とをラミネートした。このようにして、PET/層(Y)/接着層/ONY/接着層/CPPという構造を有する多層構造体(1-50-2)を得た。次に、多層構造体(1-50-2)を幅400mmに切断して、縦型製袋充填包装機(オリヒロ株式会社製)に供給し、合掌貼りタイプの縦製袋充填シール袋(幅160mm、長さ470mm)を作製した。次に、製袋充填包装機を用いて、多層構造体(1-50-2)からなる縦製袋充填シール袋に水2kgを充填した。製袋充填包装機における多層構造体(1-50-2)の加工性は良好であり、得られた縦製袋充填シール袋の外観には、皺や筋のような欠点は見られなかった。
本発明の多層構造体を用いて真空包装袋を作製した。まず、実施例1-1と同様の方法によって、多層構造体(1-1)を作製した。次に、2液型の接着剤(実施例1-40で説明したA-520およびA-50)をONY上にコートして乾燥したものを準備し、それと多層構造体(1-1)とをラミネートした。次に、ラミネートされた多層構造体(1-1)上に、2液反応型接着剤(実施例1-50で使用した「A-520」および「A-50」)をコートして乾燥したものを準備し、それとCPP70とをラミネートした。このようにして、ONY/接着層/層(Y)/PET/接着層/CPPという構成を有する多層構造体(1-51-2)を得た。次に、多層構造体(1-51-2)から、22cm×30cmの長方形の積層体2枚を切り取った。そして、CPP70が内側となるように2枚の多層構造体(1-51-2)を重ね合わせ、長方形の3辺をヒートシールすることによって袋を形成した。その袋に、固形食品のモデルとして木製の球体(直径30mm)を、球体同士が接触するように1層に敷き詰めた状態で充填した。その後、袋の内部の空気を脱気して、最後の1辺をヒートシールすることにより、真空包装体を作製した。得られた真空包装体において、多層構造体(1-51-2)は球体の凹凸に沿って密着した状態となっていた。
本発明の多層構造体を用いてスパウト付パウチを作製した。まず、実施例1-50で説明した多層構造体(1-50-2)を所定の形状に2枚切り出した後、CPP70が内側となるように2枚の多層構造体(1-50-2)を重ね合わせ、周縁をヒートシールし、更に、ポリプロピレン製のスパウトをヒートシールによって取り付けた。このようにして、平パウチ型のスパウト付パウチを問題なく作製できた。
本発明の多層構造体を用いてラミネートチューブ容器を作製した。まず、実施例1-1と同様の方法によって、多層構造体(1-1)を作製した。次に、2枚のCPP100のそれぞれに、2液反応型接着剤(実施例1-50で使用した「A-520」および「A-50」)をコートして乾燥したものを準備し、多層構造体(1-1)とラミネートした。このようにして、CPP/接着層/層(Y)/PET/接着層/CPPという構造を有する多層構造体(1-53-2)を得た。次に、多層構造体(1-53-2)を所定の形状に切り出した後、筒状にして重ね合わせた部分をヒートシールすることによって、筒状体を作製した。次に、その筒状体をチューブ容器成形用のマンドレルに装着し、筒状体の一端に、円錐台状の肩部とそれに連続する先端部とを作製した。肩部および先端部は、ポリプロピレン樹脂を圧縮成形することによって形成した。次に、前記先端部に、ポリプロピレン樹脂製のキャップを付けた。次に、筒状体の開放している他端をヒートシールした。このようにして、ラミネートチューブ容器を問題なく作製できた。
本発明の多層構造体を用いて輸液バッグを作製した。まず、実施例1-50で説明した多層構造体(1-50-2)を所定の形状に2枚切り出した後、CPP70が内側となるように2枚の多層構造体(1-50-2)を重ね合わせ、周縁をヒートシールし、更に、ポリプロピレン製のスパウトをヒートシールによって取り付けた。このようにして、輸液バッグを問題なく作製できた。
本発明の多層構造体を用いて容器用蓋材を作製した。まず、実施例1-50で説明した多層構造体(1-50-2)を、容器用蓋材として、直径88mmの円形に切り出した。また、直径78mm、フランジ幅が6.5mm、高さ30mmで、ポリオレフィン層/スチール層/ポリオレフィン層の3層で構成される円柱状容器(東洋製罐株式会社製ハイレトフレックスHR78-84)を準備した。この容器に水をほぼ満杯に充填し、多層構造体(1-50-2)からなる容器用蓋材を、フランジ部にヒートシールした。このようにして、容器用蓋材を用いた蓋付き容器を問題なく作製できた。
本発明の多層構造体を用いて紙容器を作製した。まず、実施例1-1と同様の方法によって多層構造体(1-1)を作製した。次に、400g/m2の板紙の両面に接着剤を塗工した後、その両面にポリプロピレン樹脂(以下、「PP」と略記することがある)を押出しコートラミネートすることによって、板紙の両面にPP層(厚さ各20μm)を形成した。その後、一方のPP層の表面に接着剤を塗工し、その上に多層構造体(1-1)をラミネートし、さらに多層構造体(1-1)の表面に接着剤を塗工し、CPP70と貼り合わせた。このようにして、PP/板紙/PP/接着層/層(Y)/PET/接着層/CPPという構成を有する多層構造体(1-56-2)を作製した。多層構造体(1-56-2)の作製において、必要に応じてアンカーコート剤を用いた。このようにして得た多層構造体(1-56-2)を用いて、ブリック型の紙容器を問題なく作製できた。
本発明の多層構造体を用いて真空断熱体を作製した。まず、実施例1-51で説明した多層構造体(1-51-2)を所定の形状に2枚切り出した後、CPP70が内側となるように2枚の多層構造体(1-51-2)を重ね合わせ、長方形の3辺をヒートシールすることによって袋を形成した。次に、袋の開口部から断熱性の芯材を充填し、真空包装機(Frimark GmbH製VAC-STAR 2500型)を用いて、温度20℃で内部圧力10Paの状態で袋を密封した。このようにして、真空断熱体を問題なく作製できた。なお、断熱性の芯材には、120℃の雰囲気下で4時間乾燥したシリカ微粉末を用いた。
まず、基材となるPETボトル(容積500mL、表面積0.041m2、重量35g)の表面にプラズマ処理を施した。このPETボトルの表面に、浸漬法によって第1コーティング液(U-1)を塗工した後、110℃で5分間乾燥した。次いで、120℃で5分間の熱処理を施した。このようにして、基材(X)/層(Y)という構成を有する容器(2-1)を得た。
まず、基材(X)として、PET12を用い、この基材上に、バーコーターを用いて第1コーティング液(U-1)を乾燥後の厚さが0.5μmとなるように塗工し、110℃で5分間乾燥させた。さらに180℃で1分間熱処理を行うことによって、基材(X)/層(Y)という構成を有する多層構造体(3-1-1)を作製した。多層構造体(3-1-1)の赤外線吸収スペクトルを測定した結果、800~1,400cm-1の領域における最大吸収波数は1,107cm-1であり、前記領域における最大吸収帯の半値幅は37cm-1であった。
実施例3で作製した多層構造体(3-1-2)から、22cm×30cmの長方形の積層体2枚を切り取った。そして、CPP層が内側となるように2枚の多層構造体(3-1-2)を重ね合わせ、長方形の3辺をヒートシールすることによって袋を形成した。その袋に、固形食品のモデルとして木製の球体(直径30mm)を、球体同士が接触するように1層に敷き詰めた状態で充填した。その後、袋の内部の空気を脱気して、最後の1辺をヒートシールすることによって、球体の凹凸に沿って密着した状態で真空包装された真空包装袋(4-1)を得た。真空包装袋(4-1)から測定用のサンプルを切り出し、酸素透過度および透湿度を測定した結果、酸素透過度は0.6mL/(m2・day・atm)、透湿度は0.3g/(m2・day)であった。
2枚のCPP100のそれぞれに接着層を形成し、実施例3で得られた多層構造体(3-1-2)とラミネートした。このようにして、CPP/接着層/多層構造体/接着層/CPPという構造を有するラミネートフィルムを得た。接着層は、乾燥後の厚さが3μmとなるようにバーコーターを用いて2液反応型接着剤(実施例1-50で使用した「A-520」および「A-50」)を塗工し乾燥させることによって形成した。
実施例3で得た多層構造体(3-1-2)から20cm×13cmの大きさの2枚のラミネート体を裁断した。続いて、裁断した2枚のラミネート体を、CPP層が内側になるように重ね合わせ、外周を0.5cmの幅でヒートシールし、さらにポリプロピレン製のスパウトをヒートシールによって取り付けた。このようにして、平パウチ型のスパウト付きパウチ(6-1)を作製した。パウチ(6-1)から測定用のサンプルを切り出し、酸素透過度および透湿度を測定した結果、酸素透過度は0.4mL/(m2・day・atm)、透湿度は0.2g/(m2・day)であった。
実施例3で作製した多層構造体(3-1-2)から20cm×13cmの大きさの2枚のラミネート体を裁断した。続いて、裁断した2枚のラミネート体を、CPP層が内側になるように重ね合わせ、3辺の外周を0.5cmの幅でヒートシールした。さらに、残る1辺の開口部端部に長さ30mmのパウチ開口部を形成した。次に、幅30mmのポリテトラフルオロエチレンのシートを開口部の端部に挿入し、その状態でヒートシールを行った。ヒートシール後、ポリテトラフルオロエチレンのシートを抜き取ることによって平パウチ(7-1)を得た。平パウチ(7-1)から測定用のサンプルを切り出し、酸素透過度および透湿度を測定した結果、酸素透過度は0.4mL/(m2・day・atm)、透湿度は0.2g/(m2・day)であった。
実施例3で作製した多層構造体(3-1-2)から、12cm×10cmの多層構造体を2枚切り出した。続いて、切り出した2枚の多層構造体を、CPP層が内側になるように重ね合わせ、周縁をヒートシールするとともに、ポリプロピレン製のスパウト(口栓部材)をヒートシールによって取り付けた。このようにして、図5と同様の構造を備えた輸液バッグ(8-1)作製した。輸液バッグ(8-1)より、測定用のサンプルを切り出し、酸素透過度および透湿度を測定した結果、酸素透過度は0.4mL/(m2・day・atm)、透湿度は0.2g/(m2・day)であった。
400g/m2の板紙の両面にポリプロピレン樹脂(PP)を押出しコートラミネートすることによって、板紙の両面に無延伸PP層(厚さ各20μm)を形成した。その後、一方のPP層の表面に接着層を形成し、その上に、実施例3で得た多層構造体(3-1-1)をラミネートした。接着層は、実施例5で説明した接着剤を用いて形成した。次に、多層構造体の表面に前記接着剤を塗布し、多層構造体とCPP50を貼り合わせた。このようにして、(外側)PP/板紙/PP/多層構造体/CPP(内側)という構成を有する多層構造体(9-1-2)を作製した。なお、多層構造体(3-1-1)は、層(Y)が基材(X)よりも板紙側となるようにラミネートした。次に、多層構造体(9-1-2)のCPPが容器の内側に面するように多層構造体(9-1-2)を成形することによって、ブリック型の紙容器(9-1)(内容量500mL)を作製した。
実施例10では、ストリップテープを用いたブリック型紙容器を作製して評価した。まず、多層構造体(3-1-1)上に、実施例5で用いた2液型接着剤を塗布して乾燥させ、これとCPP50とをラミネートしてラミネート体を得た。続いて、そのラミネート体の多層構造体上に、前記2液型接着剤を塗布して乾燥させ、これとCPP50とをラミネートした。このようにして、CPP/接着層/多層構造体/接着層/CPP、という構成を有する多層構造体(10-1-2)を得た。この多層構造体(10-1-2)を短冊状に切断し、ストリップテープを作製した。
実施例3で作製した多層構造体(3-1-2)から、直径100mmの円形の多層構造体を切り取り、容器用の蓋材とした。また、容器本体として、フランジ付きの容器(東洋製罐株式会社製、「ハイレトフレックス」(登録商標)、「HR78-84」(商品名))を準備した。この容器は、上面の直径が78mmで高さが30mmのカップ形状を有する。容器の上面は解放されており、その周縁に形成されたフランジ部の幅は6.5mmである。容器は、オレフィン層/スチール層/オレフィン層の3層の積層体によって構成されている。次に、前記容器本体に水をほぼ満杯に充填し、蓋材をフランジ部にヒートシールすることによって、蓋付き容器(11-1)を得た。このとき、蓋材のCPP層がフランジ部に接触するように配置して蓋材をヒートシールした。なお、本実施例で用いられる測定方法による前記容器の酸素透過度は、実質的にゼロであった。蓋付き容器(11-1)の蓋材から測定用サンプルを切り出し、酸素透過度および透湿度を測定した結果、酸素透過度は0.4mL/(m2・day・atm)、透湿度は0.2g/(m2・day)であった。
2枚のCPP100のそれぞれに、乾燥後の厚さが3μmとなるようにバーコーターを用いて2液型接着剤(実施例1-50で使用した「A-520」および「A-50」)を塗工して乾燥させた。次に、2枚のCPPと実施例1-1の多層構造体(1-1)とをラミネートし、40℃で5日間静置してエージングした。このようにして、CPP/接着層/基材(X)/層(Y)/接着層/CPPという構造を有する多層ラベル(12-1-2)を得た。
実施例1-1において多層構造体(1-1)上の層(Y)上に接着層を形成した後、ポリエチレン樹脂(密度;0.917g/cm3、メルトフローレート;8g/10分)を厚さが20μmになるように該接着層上に295℃で押出しコートラミネートした。このようにして、基材(X)/層(Y)/接着層/ポリエチレンという構造を有する多層構造体(13-1-2)を得た。前記の接着層は、乾燥後の厚さが0.3μmとなるようにバーコーターを用いて2液型接着剤を塗工し、乾燥させることによって形成した。この2液型接着剤には、三井化学株式会社製の「タケラック」(登録商標)の「A-3210」と三井化学株式会社製の「タケネート」(登録商標)の「A-3070」とからなる2液反応型ポリウレタン系接着剤を用いた。
CPP60上に、実施例13で用いた2液反応型ポリウレタン系接着剤を乾燥後の厚さが3μmとなるように塗工し、乾燥させることによって接着層を形成した。このCPPと実施例3で作製した多層構造体(3-1-2)のPET層とを貼り合せることによって積層体(14-1-1)を得た。続いて、ONYの上に、前記の2液型接着剤を乾燥後の厚さが3μmとなるように塗工し、乾燥させることによって接着層を形成した。そして、このONYと積層体(14-1-1)とを貼り合わせることによって、CPP/接着層/多層構造体/接着層/ONY、という構造を有する多層構造体(14-1-2)を得た。
<実施例15-1>
実施例7で説明した平パウチ(7-1)に液状物500mLを充填した。液状物として、1.5%エタノール水溶液(実施例15-1)、食用酢(実施例15-2)、pH2のクエン酸水溶液(実施例15-3)、食用油(実施例15-4)、ケチャップ(実施例13-5)、醤油(実施例15-6)、しょうがペースト(実施例15-7)、および、みかん200gを含む液体(実施例15-8)を用いた。作製した平パウチを23℃、50%RHの条件下で6ヶ月保管した。保管後の平パウチから測定用サンプルを切り出し、該サンプルの酸素透過度を測定した。実施例15-1~15-8のサンプルの酸素透過度はいずれも、0.2mL/(m2・day・atm)であった。
実施例10で説明した蓋付き容器(10-1)に、液状物を充填してシールした。液状物として、1.5%エタノール水溶液(実施例15-9)、食用酢(実施例15-10)、pH2のクエン酸水溶液(実施例15-11)、食用油(実施例15-12)、ケチャップ(実施例15-13)、醤油(実施例15-14)、しょうがペースト(実施例15-15)、および、みかん100gを含む液体(実施例15-16)を用いた。作製した蓋付き容器を23℃、50%RHの条件下で6ヶ月保管した。保管後の蓋付き容器の蓋材から測定用サンプルを切り出し、該サンプルの酸素透過度を測定した。実施例15-9~15-16のサンプルの酸素透過度はいずれも、0.2mL/(m2・day・atm)であった。
<実施例16-1>
基材として、PET12を用い、その基材(PET)上に、バーコーターを用いて第1コーティング液(U-1)を乾燥後の厚さが0.5μmとなるように塗工し、110℃で5分間乾燥させた後、180℃で1分間熱処理を行った。このようにして、基材(X)/層(Y)という構成を有する多層構造体(16-1)を得た。得られた構造体の赤外線吸収スペクトルを測定した結果、800~1,400cm-1の領域における最大吸収波数は1,107cm-1であり、該最大吸収帯の半値幅は37cm-1であった。
第1コーティング液(U-1)に代えて第1コーティング液(CU-1)を用いたこと以外は実施例16-1の多層構造体(16-1)の作製と同様にして多層構造体(C16-1)を作製した。
実施例16-1で得た保護シート(16-1)について、可撓性の試験を行った。具体的には、ステンレス製の円筒(外径30cm)の外周面に沿って保護シート(16-1)を20周巻き付ける試験を実施した。この試験による保護シート(16-1)の破損は観察されなかった。このことから、保護シート(16-1)が可撓性を有することが確認された。
実施例16-1で得た多層構造体(16-1)を保護シートとして用いて太陽電池モジュールを作製した。10cm角の強化ガラス上に設置されたアモルファス系のシリコン太陽電池セルを厚さ450μmの2枚のエチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体シートで挟み込んだ。次に、光入射側となるエチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体シート上に多層構造体(16-1)のPET層が外側となるように貼り合わせた。このようにして太陽電池モジュールを作製した。貼り合わせは、150℃にて真空引きを3分間行った後、9分間圧着を行うことによって実施した。作製された太陽電池モジュールは、良好に作動し、長期に渡って良好な電気出力特性を示した。
Claims (17)
- 基材(X)と、前記基材(X)上に積層された層(Y)とを含む多層構造体であって、
前記層(Y)は、金属酸化物(A)とリン化合物(B)とイオン価(FZ)が1以上3以下である陽イオン(Z)とを含有し、
前記リン化合物(B)が、前記金属酸化物(A)と反応可能な部位を含有する化合物であり、
前記層(Y)において、前記金属酸化物(A)を構成する金属原子(M)のモル数(NM)と、前記リン化合物(B)に由来するリン原子のモル数(NP)とが、0.8≦NM/NP≦4.5の関係を満たし、かつ
前記層(Y)において、前記モル数(NM)と、前記陽イオン(Z)のモル数(NZ)と、前記イオン価(FZ)とが、0.001≦FZ×NZ/NM≦0.60の関係を満たす、多層構造体。 - 前記陽イオン(Z)が、リチウムイオン、ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン、カルシウムイオン、チタンイオン、ジルコニウムイオン、ランタノイドイオン、バナジウムイオン、マンガンイオン、鉄イオン、コバルトイオン、ニッケルイオン、銅イオン、亜鉛イオン、ホウ素イオン、アルミニウムイオン、およびアンモニウムイオンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の陽イオンである、請求項1に記載の多層構造体。
- 前記層(Y)において、前記モル数(NM)と、前記モル数(NZ)と、前記イオン価(FZ)とが、0.01≦FZ×NZ/NM≦0.60の関係を満たす、請求項1または2に記載の多層構造体。
- 前記リン化合物(B)が、リン酸、ポリリン酸、亜リン酸、ホスホン酸、亜ホスホン酸、ホスフィン酸、亜ホスフィン酸、およびそれらの誘導体からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の多層構造体。
- 前記層(Y)の赤外線吸収スペクトルにおいて、800~1,400cm-1の領域における最大吸収波数が1,080~1,130cm-1の範囲にある、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の多層構造体。
- 前記基材(X)が熱可塑性樹脂フィルム層、紙層および無機蒸着層からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の層を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の多層構造体。
- 金属酸化物(A)と、前記金属酸化物(A)と反応可能な部位を含有するリン化合物(B)と、イオン価(FZ)が1以上3以下である陽イオン(Z)のイオン性化合物(E)とを混合することによって第1コーティング液(U)を調製する工程〔I〕と、
前記基材(X)上に前記第1コーティング液(U)を塗工することによって、前記基材(X)上に前記層(Y)の前駆体層を形成する工程〔II〕と、
前記前駆体層を110℃以上の温度で熱処理する工程〔III〕とを含み、
前記第1コーティング液(U)において、前記金属酸化物(A)を構成する金属原子(M)のモル数(NM)と、前記リン化合物(B)に由来するリン原子のモル数(NP)とが、0.8≦NM/NP≦4.5の関係を満たし、かつ 前記第1コーティング液(U)において、前記モル数(NM)と、前記陽イオン(Z)のモル数(NZ)と、前記イオン価(FZ)とが、0.001≦FZ×NZ/NM≦0.60の関係を満たすことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の多層構造体の製造方法。 - 重合体(G1)と溶媒とを含む第2コーティング液(V)を調製する工程〔i〕と、
前記層(Y)上に前記第2コーティング液(V)を塗工する工程〔ii〕と、を含む、請求項7に記載の製造方法。 - 前記陽イオン(Z)が、リチウムイオン、ナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン、カルシウムイオン、チタンイオン、ジルコニウムイオン、ランタノイドイオン、バナジウムイオン、マンガンイオン、鉄イオン、コバルトイオン、ニッケルイオン、銅イオン、亜鉛イオン、ホウ素イオン、アルミニウムイオン、およびアンモニウムイオンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の陽イオンであり、
前記金属酸化物(A)を構成する金属原子(M)のモル数(NM)と、前記リン化合物(B)に由来するリン原子のモル数(NP)とが、0.80≦NM/NP≦4.50の関係を満たし、
前記モル数(NM)と、前記陽イオンのモル数(NZ)と、前記イオン価(FZ)とが、0.001≦FZ×NZ/NM≦0.60の関係を満たす、請求項7に記載の製造方法に用いられるコーティング液。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の多層構造体を含む、包装材。
- 押出しコートラミネートにより形成された層をさらに有する、請求項10に記載の包装材。
- 縦製袋充填シール袋、真空包装袋、パウチ、ラミネートチューブ容器、輸液バッグ、紙容器、ストリップテープ、容器用蓋材またはインモールドラベル容器である、請求項10または11に記載の包装材。
- 請求項10に記載の包装材が少なくとも一部に用いられている、製品。
- 製品が内容物を含み、前記内容物が芯材であり、
前記製品の内部が減圧されており、
真空断熱体として機能する、請求項13に記載の製品。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の多層構造体を含む、電子デバイスの保護シート。
- 光電変換装置、情報表示装置、または照明装置の表面を保護する保護シートである、請求項15に記載の電子デバイスの保護シート。
- 請求項15または16に記載の保護シートを有する、電子デバイス。
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15/126,902 US20170088324A1 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2015-03-18 | Multilayer structure, method for producing the same, packaging material and product that include the same, protective sheet for electronic devices, and coating liquid |
| JP2015533375A JP5873958B1 (ja) | 2014-03-18 | 2015-03-18 | 多層構造体およびその製造方法、それを用いた包装材および製品、電子デバイスの保護シートならびにコーティング液 |
| KR1020167028599A KR102422858B1 (ko) | 2014-03-18 | 2015-03-18 | 다층 구조체 및 이의 제조 방법, 이를 사용한 포장재 및 제품, 전자 디바이스의 보호 시트 및 코팅액 |
| EP15764950.0A EP3121000A4 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2015-03-18 | Multilayer structure and method for producing same, packaging material and product which use same, electronic-device protective sheet, and coating liquid |
| AU2015233424A AU2015233424B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2015-03-18 | Multilayer structure and method for producing same, packaging material and product which use same, electronic-device protective sheet, and coating liquid |
| PCT/JP2015/001528 WO2015141225A1 (ja) | 2014-03-18 | 2015-03-18 | 多層構造体およびその製造方法、それを用いた包装材および製品、電子デバイスの保護シートならびにコーティング液 |
| CN201580014111.0A CN106132692B (zh) | 2014-03-18 | 2015-03-18 | 多层结构体及其制造方法、使用其得到的包装材料和制品、电子设备的保护片材以及涂布液 |
| AU2019203009A AU2019203009A1 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2019-04-30 | Multilayer structure and method for producing same, packaging material and product which use same, electronic-device protective sheet, and coating liquid |
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014054968 | 2014-03-18 | ||
| JP2014-054968 | 2014-03-18 | ||
| JP2014-164643 | 2014-08-13 | ||
| JP2014164643 | 2014-08-13 | ||
| JP2014-164639 | 2014-08-13 | ||
| JP2014-164641 | 2014-08-13 | ||
| JP2014164641 | 2014-08-13 | ||
| JP2014164639 | 2014-08-13 | ||
| PCT/JP2015/001528 WO2015141225A1 (ja) | 2014-03-18 | 2015-03-18 | 多層構造体およびその製造方法、それを用いた包装材および製品、電子デバイスの保護シートならびにコーティング液 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2015141225A1 true WO2015141225A1 (ja) | 2015-09-24 |
Family
ID=54144205
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2015/001528 Ceased WO2015141225A1 (ja) | 2014-03-18 | 2015-03-18 | 多層構造体およびその製造方法、それを用いた包装材および製品、電子デバイスの保護シートならびにコーティング液 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20170088324A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3121000A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5873958B1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR102422858B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN106132692B (ja) |
| AU (2) | AU2015233424B2 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI650233B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2015141225A1 (ja) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017222071A (ja) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-21 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | ガスバリアーフィルム、その製造方法及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンスデバイス |
| WO2018203123A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-01 | 2018-11-08 | 藤森工業株式会社 | 包装袋 |
| EP3351378A4 (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2019-03-06 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | MULTILAYER STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF, PACKAGING MATERIAL THEREFOR, PRODUCT AND PROTECTIVE FOIL FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICES |
| CN115633500A (zh) * | 2022-08-22 | 2023-01-20 | 广西大学 | 一种碳基磁性纳米复合吸波材料的制备方法及其应用 |
| JP2023127366A (ja) * | 2022-03-01 | 2023-09-13 | 東洋製罐グループホールディングス株式会社 | ガスバリア性積層体 |
| WO2025206303A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-29 | 2025-10-02 | 株式会社クラレ | 多層構造体およびその製造方法、多層構造体を含む電子デバイス用保護シート並びに電子デバイス |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102355119B1 (ko) * | 2014-03-18 | 2022-01-26 | 주식회사 쿠라레 | 전자 디바이스 |
| TWI687313B (zh) | 2014-12-24 | 2020-03-11 | 日商可樂麗股份有限公司 | 多層結構體及使用其之包裝材料 |
| US10414144B2 (en) | 2014-12-24 | 2019-09-17 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Multilayer structure, method for producing same, packaging material and product including same, and protective sheet for electronic device |
| JP6862804B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-01 | 2021-04-21 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | ガスバリア積層体及びその製造方法 |
| CN107550732A (zh) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-01-09 | 苏州创新达成塑胶模具有限公司 | 一种蓄热保温输液袋 |
| CN111512454B (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2023-02-28 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 波长转换部件、背光单元及液晶显示装置 |
| WO2021044940A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-11 | 東洋紡フイルムソリューション株式会社 | 燃料電池用積層体 |
| JP7441857B2 (ja) * | 2019-12-10 | 2024-03-01 | 株式会社クラレ | 多層構造体およびその製造方法、それを用いた包装材、真空断熱体並びに電子デバイスの保護シート |
| EP4324763A1 (de) * | 2022-08-18 | 2024-02-21 | Schott Ag | Verpackte glasteile |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011122036A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-06 | 株式会社クラレ | 複合構造体、それを用いた包装材料および成形品、複合構造体の製造方法、ならびにコーティング液 |
| WO2013051288A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-05 | 2013-04-11 | 株式会社クラレ | 複合構造体およびその製造方法、それを用いた包装材料および成形品、ならびにコーティング液 |
| WO2013187064A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-14 | 2013-12-19 | 株式会社クラレ | 多層構造体およびそれを用いたデバイス、ならびにそれらの製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE789159A (fr) | 1971-09-22 | 1973-03-22 | Du Pont | Articles moules en matieres polymeres recouverts d'une couche d'un phosphate de metal |
| TW309498B (en) * | 1995-06-29 | 1997-07-01 | Sharp Kk | Sealed bag and container for accommodating electronic device, and method for facilitating storing and transporting electronic device using such sealed bag and container |
| DE10227362A1 (de) | 2002-06-19 | 2004-01-08 | Basf Ag | Komplexbildner für die Behandlung von Metall- und Kunstoffoberflächen |
| WO2005054359A1 (ja) * | 2003-12-02 | 2005-06-16 | Sony Corporation | 樹脂組成物及びこの樹脂組成物を用いた成形品並びに樹脂組成物の製造方法 |
| WO2006042116A2 (en) | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-20 | Applied Thin Films, Inc. | Aluminum phosphate compositions, coatings and related composites |
| JP2006175784A (ja) | 2004-12-24 | 2006-07-06 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | 無機酸化物蒸着層及び保護層を有するガスバリアフィルム |
| US20090061062A1 (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-05 | Cryovac, Inc. | Multilayer Film Having Active Oxygen Barrier Layer and Iron-Based Oxygen Scavenging Layer |
| JP5128916B2 (ja) | 2007-11-28 | 2013-01-23 | リョービ株式会社 | ダイカスト金型及びダイカスト法 |
| US9023145B2 (en) * | 2008-02-12 | 2015-05-05 | Bunge Amorphic Solutions Llc | Aluminum phosphate or polyphosphate compositions |
| ES2477554T3 (es) * | 2008-11-05 | 2014-07-17 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Producto formado |
| JP5436128B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-16 | 2014-03-05 | 株式会社クラレ | スパウト付きパウチ |
| JP5285587B2 (ja) | 2009-12-10 | 2013-09-11 | 大日精化工業株式会社 | 成形用の樹脂組成物及びそれを成形して得られる成形物 |
| EP2510134B1 (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2018-09-19 | Latitude 18, Inc. | Inorganic phosphate corrosion resistant coatings |
| JP5908918B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-05 | 2016-04-26 | 株式会社クラレ | 複合構造体およびそれを用いた製品、ならびに複合構造体の製造方法 |
| JP5801743B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2015-10-28 | 株式会社クラレ | 多層構造体およびそれを用いた製品、ならびに多層構造体の製造方法 |
| JP5801744B2 (ja) | 2012-03-30 | 2015-10-28 | 株式会社クラレ | 多層構造体およびそれを用いた製品、ならびに多層構造体の製造方法 |
-
2015
- 2015-03-18 AU AU2015233424A patent/AU2015233424B2/en active Active
- 2015-03-18 JP JP2015533375A patent/JP5873958B1/ja active Active
- 2015-03-18 EP EP15764950.0A patent/EP3121000A4/en active Pending
- 2015-03-18 US US15/126,902 patent/US20170088324A1/en active Pending
- 2015-03-18 KR KR1020167028599A patent/KR102422858B1/ko active Active
- 2015-03-18 TW TW104108647A patent/TWI650233B/zh active
- 2015-03-18 WO PCT/JP2015/001528 patent/WO2015141225A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2015-03-18 CN CN201580014111.0A patent/CN106132692B/zh active Active
-
2019
- 2019-04-30 AU AU2019203009A patent/AU2019203009A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011122036A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-06 | 株式会社クラレ | 複合構造体、それを用いた包装材料および成形品、複合構造体の製造方法、ならびにコーティング液 |
| WO2013051288A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-05 | 2013-04-11 | 株式会社クラレ | 複合構造体およびその製造方法、それを用いた包装材料および成形品、ならびにコーティング液 |
| WO2013187064A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-14 | 2013-12-19 | 株式会社クラレ | 多層構造体およびそれを用いたデバイス、ならびにそれらの製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP3121000A4 * |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3351378A4 (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2019-03-06 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | MULTILAYER STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF, PACKAGING MATERIAL THEREFOR, PRODUCT AND PROTECTIVE FOIL FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICES |
| US10647487B2 (en) | 2015-09-17 | 2020-05-12 | Kurray Co., Ltd. | Multilayer structure, method for producing same, packaging material and product including same, and protective sheet for electronic device |
| JP2017222071A (ja) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-21 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | ガスバリアーフィルム、その製造方法及び有機エレクトロルミネッセンスデバイス |
| WO2018203123A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-01 | 2018-11-08 | 藤森工業株式会社 | 包装袋 |
| JP2018188189A (ja) * | 2017-05-01 | 2018-11-29 | 藤森工業株式会社 | 包装袋 |
| JP7071063B2 (ja) | 2017-05-01 | 2022-05-18 | 藤森工業株式会社 | 包装袋 |
| JP2023127366A (ja) * | 2022-03-01 | 2023-09-13 | 東洋製罐グループホールディングス株式会社 | ガスバリア性積層体 |
| CN115633500A (zh) * | 2022-08-22 | 2023-01-20 | 广西大学 | 一种碳基磁性纳米复合吸波材料的制备方法及其应用 |
| WO2025206303A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-29 | 2025-10-02 | 株式会社クラレ | 多層構造体およびその製造方法、多層構造体を含む電子デバイス用保護シート並びに電子デバイス |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20170088324A1 (en) | 2017-03-30 |
| AU2019203009A1 (en) | 2019-05-23 |
| AU2015233424B2 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
| JP5873958B1 (ja) | 2016-03-01 |
| JPWO2015141225A1 (ja) | 2017-04-06 |
| KR102422858B1 (ko) | 2022-07-21 |
| TWI650233B (zh) | 2019-02-11 |
| KR20160134762A (ko) | 2016-11-23 |
| AU2015233424A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
| EP3121000A1 (en) | 2017-01-25 |
| TW201542365A (zh) | 2015-11-16 |
| CN106132692A (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
| EP3121000A4 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
| CN106132692B (zh) | 2018-04-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5873958B1 (ja) | 多層構造体およびその製造方法、それを用いた包装材および製品、電子デバイスの保護シートならびにコーティング液 | |
| JP5957154B2 (ja) | 多層構造体およびその製造方法、それを用いた包装材および製品、ならびに電子デバイス | |
| CN109153227B (zh) | 多层结构体和其制造方法以及涂布液、包装材料、电子设备的保护片材 | |
| US10391743B2 (en) | Multilayer structure, packaging material including the same, and method for producing said multilayer structure | |
| CN107000401A (zh) | 多层结构体、使用其得到的包装材料和制品、以及电子设备的保护片材 | |
| TW201726400A (zh) | 多層構造體及其製造方法、使用彼之包裝材及製品、以及電子裝置之保護片 | |
| WO2016103715A1 (ja) | 多層構造体およびそれを用いた包装材 | |
| JP6478736B2 (ja) | 包装材およびそれを用いた製品 | |
| JP6564788B2 (ja) | 多層構造体、それを用いた包装材および製品、ならびに電子デバイスの保護シート | |
| TWI690426B (zh) | 多層結構體、使用其之包裝材料及製品, 與電子裝置之保護薄片 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2015533375 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 15764950 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15126902 Country of ref document: US |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2015764950 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2015764950 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20167028599 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2015233424 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20150318 Kind code of ref document: A |