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WO2015035318A1 - Produits d'alliage d'aluminium et leurs procédés de production - Google Patents

Produits d'alliage d'aluminium et leurs procédés de production Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015035318A1
WO2015035318A1 PCT/US2014/054588 US2014054588W WO2015035318A1 WO 2015035318 A1 WO2015035318 A1 WO 2015035318A1 US 2014054588 W US2014054588 W US 2014054588W WO 2015035318 A1 WO2015035318 A1 WO 2015035318A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aluminum alloy
alloy strip
equivalent diameter
particles
micrometers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2014/054588
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ali Unal
Gavin F. Wyatt-Mair
David A. Tomes
Thomas N. ROUNS
Lynette M. Karabin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to AU2014317870A priority Critical patent/AU2014317870B2/en
Priority to ES14841435T priority patent/ES2793238T3/es
Priority to RU2016112856A priority patent/RU2648422C2/ru
Priority to CA2923442A priority patent/CA2923442C/fr
Priority to MX2016002941A priority patent/MX2016002941A/es
Priority to KR1020197031352A priority patent/KR102170006B1/ko
Priority to JP2016540467A priority patent/JP6594316B2/ja
Priority to CN201480060936.1A priority patent/CN106164308B/zh
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to KR1020187021805A priority patent/KR20180088521A/ko
Priority to KR1020167007852A priority patent/KR20160047541A/ko
Priority to EP14841435.2A priority patent/EP3041967B1/fr
Publication of WO2015035318A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015035318A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to ZA2016/01729A priority patent/ZA201601729B/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
    • B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
    • B22D11/0622—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars formed by two casting wheels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the present invention is a product comprising an aluminum alloy strip that includes (i) at least 0.8 wi % manganese; or (ii) at least 0.6 wt % iron; or (iii) at least 0.8 wt. % manganese and at least 0.6 wt % iron.
  • a near surface of the aluminum al loy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 50 micrometers.
  • the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip includes small particles, each small particle has a particular equivalent diameter, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 3 micrometers, and a quantity per unit area of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.01 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 20 micrometers. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 3 micrometers.
  • the at least 0.8 wt. % manganese, the at least 0.6 wt % iron, or the at least 0.8 wt. % manganese and the at least 0.6 wt % iron are contained within the aluminum alloy strip at such a level as to achieve a hypereutectic composition.
  • an oxygen content of the aluminum alloy strip is 0.1 weight percent or less. In some embodiments, the oxygen content of the aluminum alloy strip is 0.01 weight percent or less, in some embodiments, the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0,3 micrometers. In some embodiments, the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.3 micrometers to 0.5 micrometers.
  • the particular equivalent diameter is 0.5 micrometers and wherein the quantity per unit area of the smal l particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.03 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the product is selected from the group consisting of can body stock and can end stock.
  • the present invention includes an aluminum alloy strip that includes (i) at least 0.8 wt, % manganese; or (ii) at least 0,6 wt % iron; or (iii) at least 0.8 wt. % manganese and at least 0.6 wt % iron.
  • a near surface of the aluminum alloy strip includes small particles and each small particle has a particular equivalent diameter.
  • the particular equivalent diameter is less than 1 micrometer and a volume fraction of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.2 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the volume fraction of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.65 percent. In yet other embodiments, the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.5 micrometers to 0.85 micrometers. In some embodiments, the at least 0.8 wt. % manganese, the at least 0.6 wt % iron, or the at least 0.8 wt. % manganese and at least 0.6 wt % iron are contained within the aluminum alloy strip as such a level as to achieve a hypereutectic composition.
  • an oxygen content of the aluminum alloy strip is 0.05 weight percent or less.
  • the method includes selecting a hypereutectic aluminum alloy having (i) at least 0.8 wt. % manganese; or (ii) at least 0.6 wt % iron; or (iii) at least 0.8 wt. % manganese and at least 0.6 wt % iron.
  • the method further includes casting the hypereutectic aluminum alloy at a sufficient speed so as to result in a cast product having a near surface that is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 50 micrometers.
  • the casting step includes casting the hypereutectic aluminum alloy at a sufficient speed so as to result in a cast product having a near surface that is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 20 micrometers. In some embodiments, the casting step includes casting the hypereutectic aluminum alloy at a sufficient speed so as to result in a cast product having a near surface that is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 3 micrometers.
  • the casting step m cludes delivering the hypereutectic aluminum alloy to a pair of rolls at a speed.
  • the rolls are configured to form a nip and the speed ranges from 50 to 300 feet per minute.
  • the method further includes solidifying the hypereutectic aluminum alloy to produce solid outer portions adjacent to each roll, and a semi-solid central portion between the solid outer portions; and solidifying the central portion within the nip to form a cast product.
  • the method further includes hot rolling, cold rolling, and/or annealing the cast product sufficiently to form an aluminum alloy strip.
  • the aluminum alloy strip includes a near surface of the aluminum alloy strip includes small particles, each small particle has a particular equivalent diameter, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 3 micrometers, and a quantity per unit area of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.01 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph showing features of some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a magnified view of portions of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the particle count per unit area profiles of some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the volume fraction profiles of some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the tensile yield strengths of some embodiments of the present invention after exposure at various temperatures for 100 hours.
  • FIG. 6 il lustrates the tensile yield strengths of some embodiments of the present invention after exposure at various temperatures for 500 hours.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the ultimate tensile strengths of some embodiments of the present invention after exposure at various temperatures for 500 hours.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the elevated temperature tensile strengths of some embodiments of the present invention after exposure at various temperatures for 500 hours.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of a method for producing an aluminum alloy strip.
  • FIG. 10 il lustrates features of a continuous easting process.
  • FIG. 1 1 illustrates features of a continuous casting process.
  • FIG. 12 is a photomicrograph showing features of an ingot.
  • FIG. 13 is a photomicrograph showing features of some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a binary image of the photomicrograph of FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 15 is a binary image of the photomicrograph of FIG. 13.
  • FIG. 16 is the binary image of the FIG. 14 after removal of the non-particle pixels.
  • FIG. 17 is the binary image of FIG. 15 after removal of the non-particle pixels.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates a non-limiting example of a pack mount used for sample preparation.
  • the figures constitute a part of this specification and include illustrative embodiments of the present invention and illustrate various objects and features thereof. Further, the figures are not necessarily to scale, some to features may be exaggerated show details of particular components. In addition, any measurements, specifications and the like shown in the figures are intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to various!' employ the present invention.
  • the product comprises an aluminum alloy strip; wherein the aluminum alloy strip includes: (i) at least 0.8 wt. % manganese; or (ii) at least 0.6 wt % iron; or (iii) at least 0.8 wt.
  • a near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 50 micrometers; wherein the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip includes small particles; wherein each small particle has a particular equivalent diameter; wherein the particular equivalent diameter is less than 3 micrometers; and wherein a quantity per unit area of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.01 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 30 micrometers. In one embodiment, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 20 micrometers. In an embodiment, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 10 micrometers. In another embodiment, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 3 micrometers.
  • the at least 0.8 wt. % manganese, the at least 0.6 wt % iron, or the at least 0.8 wt. % manganese and the at least 0.6 wt % iron are contained within the aluminum alloy strip at such a level as to achieve a hypereutectic composition.
  • the oxygen content of the aluminum alloy strip is 0.1 weight percent or less. In another embodiment, the oxygen content of the aluminum alloy strip is 0.05 weight percent or less. In yet another embodiment, the oxygen content of the aluminum alloy strip is 0.01 weight percent or less. In an embodiment, an oxygen content of the aluminum alloy strip is 0.005 weight percent or less.
  • the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.3 micrometers. In other embodiments, the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.3 micrometers to 0.5 micrometers.
  • the particular equivalent diameter is 0.5 micrometers and wherein the quantity per unit area of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.03 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the quantity per unit area of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.02 particles per square micrometer. In yet another embodiment, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.04 particles per square micrometer. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.043 to 0,055 particles per square micrometer.
  • the product is can body stock. In other embodiments, the product is can end stock. In still other embodiments, the product is adapted for use in elevated temperature applications ,
  • the aluminum strip includes at least 1.6 wt. % manganese and iron. In some embodiments, the aluminum strip includes at least 1.8 wt. % manganese and iron. In some embodiments, the aluminum strip includes at least 2,0 wt. % manganese and iron. In some embodiments, the aluminum strip includes at least 2.5 wt. % manganese and iron. In still other embodiments, the aluminum strip includes at least 3.0 wt. % manganese and iron.
  • the product comprises an aluminum alloy strip; wherein the aluminum alloy strip includes: (i) at least 0.8 wt % manganese; or (ii) at least 0.6 wt % iron; or (iii) at least 0.8 wt. % manganese and at least 0.6 wt % iron; wherein a near surface of the aluminum alloy strip includes small particles; wherein each small particle has a particular equivalent diameter; wherein the particular equivalent diameter is less than 1 micrometer; And wherein a volume fraction of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0,2 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the volume fraction of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.65 percent. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 0,85 micrometers. In yet another embodiment, the particular equivalent d ameter ranges from 0.5 micrometers to 0.85 micrometers.
  • the at least 0.8 wt. % manganese, the at least 0.6 wt % iron, or the at least 0.8 wt. % manganese and at least 0.6 wt % iron are contained within the aluminum alloy strip as such a level as to achieve a hypereutectic composition.
  • the product comprises an aluminum alloy strip; wherein the aluminum alloy strip includes: (i) at least 0,8 wt. % manganese; or (ii) at least 0,6 wt % iron; or (iii) at least 0.8 wt.
  • each small particle has a particular equivalent diameter; wherein the particular equivalent diameter is less than 1 micrometer; wherein a volume fraction of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.2 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip; wherein, when the aluminum alloy strip and a reference material are exposed to a temperature of at least 75°Fahrenheit ("°F") for 100 hours, a first tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is greater than a second tensile yield strength of the reference material; and wherein the reference material is aluminum alloy 2219 having a T87 temper.
  • the aluminum alloy strip and the reference material are exposed to a temperature of at least 75°F for 100 hours, the first tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 5% greater than the second tensile yield strength of the reference material. In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip and the reference material are exposed to a temperature of at least 75°F for 100 hours, the first tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 10% greater than the second tensile yield strength of the reference material. In other embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip and the reference material are exposed to a temperature of at least 75°F for 100 hours, the first tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 15% greater than the second tensile yield strength of the reference material.
  • the first tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 20% greater than the second tensile yield strength of the reference material. It is expected that exposing the aluminum alloy strip of some embodiments of the present invention and the aluminum alloy 2219 having a T87 temper reference material at 75 °F for 500 hours will yield similar relative results as those detailed above for exposure at 75 °F for 100 hours. For example, in an embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip and the reference material are exposed to a temperature of at least 75°F for 500 hours, the first tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 5% greater than the second tensile yield strength of the reference material.
  • the product comprises an aluminum alloy strip; wherein the aluminum alloy strip includes: (i) at least 0.8 wt. % manganese; or (ii) at least 0.6 wt % iron; or (iii) at least 0.8 wt.
  • each small particle has a particular equivalent diameter; wherein the particular equivalent diameter is less than 1 micrometer; wherein a volume fraction of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.2 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip; and wherein, when the aluminum alloy strip is exposed to a temperature of at least 75°F for 500 hours, a tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 35 ksi as measured by ASTM E8.
  • the tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 40 ksi as measured by ASTM E8. In yet other embodiments, the tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 45 ksi as measured by ASTM E8, In other embodiments, the tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 50 ksi as measured by A STM E8.
  • the product comprises an aluminum alloy strip; wherein the aluminum alloy strip includes: (i) at least 0.8 wt. % manganese; or (ii) at least 0.6 wt % iron; or (iii) at least 0.8 wt.
  • each small particle has a particular equivalent diameter; wherein the particular equivalent diameter is less than 1 micrometer; wherein a volume fraction of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.2 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip; and wherein, when the aluminum alloy strip is exposed to a particular temperature of greater than 75°F for 500 hours, an elevated temperature tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 15 ksi as measured by ASTM E21 at the particular temperature.
  • the elevated temperature tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 20 ksi as measured by ASTM E21 at the particular temperature. In another embodiment, the tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 25 ksi as measured by ASTM E21 at the particular temperature. In yet another embodiment, the tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 30 ksi as measured by ASTM E21 at the particular temperature.
  • the product includes an aluminum alloy strip consisting of:
  • the aluminum alloy strip includes not greater than 0.25 wt. % of any one of the other elements, wherein the aluminum alloy strip includes not greater than 0.50 wt. % total of the other elements; wherein a near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 50 micrometers; wherein the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip includes small particles; wherein each small particle has a particular equivalent diameter; wherein the particular equivalent diameter is less than 3 micrometers; and wherein a quantity per unit area of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.01 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the method comprises selecting a hypereutectic aluminum alloy having: (i) at least 0.8 wt. % manganese; or (ii) at least 0.6 wt % iron; or (iii) at least 0.8 wt. % manganese and at least 0.6 wt % iron; casting the hypereutectic aluminum alloy at a sufficient speed so as to result in a cast product having a near surface that is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 50 micrometers.
  • the casting step comprises: casting the hypereutectic aluminum alloy at a sufficient speed so as to result in a cast product having a near surface that is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 40 micrometers.
  • the casting step comprises: casting the hyperea!ccuc aluminum alloy at a sufficient speed so as to result in a cast product having a near surface that is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 30 micrometers.
  • the casting step comprises: casting the hypereutectic aluminum alloy at a sufficient speed so as to result in a cast product having a near surface that is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 20 micrometers.
  • the casting step comprises: casting the hypereutectic aluminum alloy at a sufficient speed so as to result in a cast product having a near surface that is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 10 micrometers.
  • the casting step comprises: casting the iiypereutectic aluminum alloy at a sufficient speed so as to result in a cast product having a near surface that is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 3 micrometers.
  • the casting step comprises: delivering the iiypereutectic alummum alloy to a pair of rolls at a speed; wherein the roils are configured to form a nip; wherein the speed ranges from 50 to 300 feet per minute; solidifying the Iiypereutectic aluminum alloy to produce solid outer portions adjacent to each roll and a semi-solid central portion between the solid outer portions; and solidifying the central portion within the nip to form a cast product.
  • the method comprises: hot rolling, cold rolling, and/or annealing the cast product sufficiently to form an aluminum alloy strip; wherein a near surface of the aluminum alloy strip includes small particles; wherein each small particle has a particular equivalent diameter; wherein the particular equivalent diameter is less than 3 micrometers; and wherein a quantity per unit area of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.01 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the method comprises (i) hot rolling the cast product to form a first rolled product; and (ii) cold rolling the first rolled product to form a second roiled product.
  • the method comprises: (iii) annealing the second rolled product to form an annealed product.
  • the second rolled product is annealed at 850° F for 3 hours.
  • the second rolled product is batch annealed at 850°F for 3 hours.
  • the second rolled product is batch annealed at 875°F for 4 hours.
  • the method comprises: (iv) cold rolling the annealed product to form an aluminum alloy strip; wherein a near surface of the aluminum alloy strip includes small particles; wherein each small particle has a particular equivalent diameter; wherein the particular equivalent diameter is less than 3 micrometers; and wherein a quantity per unit area of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.01 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • near surface means from the surface of the final product - the product after casting, hot or cold rolling, and/or batch annealing— to a depth of about 37 micrometers below the surface of the final product, in some embodiments, the near surface is between T and T/7.
  • large particles means particles having an equivalent diameter of
  • small particles means particles having an equivalent diameter of greater than 0.22 micrometers and less than 3 micrometers. In some embodiments, small particles do not include dispersoids. In some embodiments, small particles include dispersoids.
  • substantially free of large particles means substantially free of particles such that at least 90% of the total quantity of particles have an equivalent diameter less than 3 microns. In some embodiments, “substantially free of large particles” means substantially free of particles such that at least 91% of the total quantity of particles have an equivalent diameter less than 3 microns. In some embodiments, “substantially free of large particles” means substantially free of particles such that at least 93% of the total quantity of particles have an equivalent diameter less than 3 microns. In some embodiments, “substantially free of large particles” means substantially free of particles such that at least 95% of the total quantity of particles have an equivalent diameter less than 3 microns.
  • substantially free of large particles means substantially free of particles such that at least 97% of the total quantity of particles have an equivalent diameter less than 3 microns. In some embodiments, “substantially free of large particles” means substantially free of particles such that at least 98% of the total quantity of particles have an equivalent diameter less than 3 microns, in some embodiments, “substantially free of large particles” means substantially free of particles such that at least 99% of the total quantity of particles have an equivalent diameter less than 3 microns. In some embodiments, a product that is substantially free of large particles has a particle count per unit area v. particle equivalent diameter and volume fraction v. particle equivalent diameter as shown in Figures 3 and 4, respectively.
  • cupping means a drawing process used to convert a strip into a can without substantially reducing the wall thickness. Cupping is commonly referred to as “drawing”.
  • ironing means a process of thinning a side wall of a cylindrical metal container such as a can to increase the height of the side wall.
  • ironing uses one or more circular ironing dies positioned on the exterior surface of the cylindrical metal container.
  • the ironing die requires cleaning when sufficient buildup of oxides, metal, or other particulates on the inner surface of the die results in scoring of a can during ironing.
  • particle count means the quantity of particles shown on a photomicrograph obtained using the Photomicrograph Procedure detailed herein and determined pursuant to the Photom
  • volume fraction means a percentage of volume occupied by a particle or a plurality of particles.
  • particle area means the area of a particle as determined by the
  • particle equivalent diameter means 2 X ⁇ (particle area/pi) or the product of 2 and the square root of (particle area divided by pi).
  • particular diameter means a single diameter
  • hypereutectic alloy means an alloy containing greater than the eutectic amounts of solutes.
  • an alloy is hypereutectic when it achieves a particle size distribution in a near surface as described herein and generally having a particle count per unit area in a near surface of particles having an particular equivalent diameter of less than 3 micrometers of at least 0.043 particles/square micrometer and/or a volume fraction in a near surface of particles having a particular equivalent diameter of less than 3 micrometers of at least 0.65%.
  • strip may be of any suitable thickness, and is generally of sheet gauge (0.006 inch to 0.249 inch) or thin-plate gauge (0.250 inch to 0.400 inch), i.e., has a thickness in the range of from 0.006 inch to 0.400 inch. In one embodiment, the strip has a thickness of at least 0.040 inch. In one embodiment, the strip has a thickness of at not greater than 0.320 inch. In one embodiment, the strip has a thickness of from 0.0070 to 0.018, such as when used for canning applications.
  • exposing means raising, lowering or maintaining a temperature of a sample to match a target temperature.
  • exposing an aluminum alloy strip to a temperature of 75°F means maintaining the temperature of the alumimim alloy strip at 75°F.
  • exposing a reference material to a temperature of 350°F means raising the temperature of the reference material to 350°F.
  • exposing an aluminum alloy strip to a temperature of 350°F for 100 hours means raising the temperature of the sample to a temperature of 350°F and maintaining the temperature for 100 hours.
  • exposing an aluminum alloy strip to a temperature of 400°F for 500 hours means raising the temperature of the sample to a temperature of 400°F and maintaining the temperature for 500 hours.
  • oxygen content means the weight percent (wt. %) of oxygen as determined by a LECO Oxygen-Nitrogen Analyzer.
  • the technique incorporates gas fusion in a graphite crucible under a flowing inert gas stream of helium and includes the measurement of combustion gases by infrared absoiption and thermal conductivity. Following the gas fusion, the process oxygen combines with carbon to form CO).
  • elevated temperature applications means any application conducted at a temperature above room temperature.
  • the elevated temperature application is conducted at a temperature of at least 75°F.
  • the elevated temperature application is conducted at a temperature of at least I50°F.
  • the elevated temperature application is conducted at a temperature of at least 350°F.
  • the elevated temperature application is conducted at a temperature of at least 400°F.
  • the elevated temperature application is conducted at a temperature of at least 450°F.
  • the elevated temperature application is conducted at a temperature of 100°F to 1000°F. In an embodiment, the elevated temperature application is conducted at a temperature of 150°F to 1000°F, In an embodiment, the elevated temperature application is conducted at a temperature of 200°F to 900°F. In an embodiment, the elevated temperature application is conducted at a temperature of 300°F to 8G0°F. In an embodiment, the elevated temperature application is conducted at a temperature of 100°F to 450°F. In an embodiment, the elevated temperature application is conducted at a temperature of 150°F to 350°F.
  • a "can” is any metal container, such as a can, bottle, aerosol can, food can, drinking cup or related product.
  • can making applications means any application related to the production of cans or related products.
  • can making applications include the use of aluminum alloy strips as can sheet stock for producing can bodies and/or can ends.
  • the present patent application generally relates to aluminum alloy strips for use in can making applications and elevated temperature applications. In an embodiment, the present patent application also relates to methods of producing aluminum alloy strips for use in can making applications and elevated temperature applications. In some embodiments of the invention, aluminum alloys in non-sheet based forms, such as slugs, are used in can making applications, such as forming a can via impact extrusion. [000102] Aluminum Alloy Strip
  • the aiuminum alloy strip may include any aluminum alloy having at least 0.8 wt. % manganese (Mn), at least 0.6 wt. % iron (Fe), or at least 0.8 wt. % Mn and at least 0.6 wt. % Fe.
  • the aluminum alloy may include 3xxx (manganese based), 5xxx (magnesium based), 6xxx (magnesium and silicon based), or 8xxx aluminum alloys.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has at least 0.8 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 0.9 wt. % Mn, In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.0 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1 .1 w r t. % Mn. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.2 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, the aiuminum alloy strip has at least 1.3 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.4 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.5 wt. % Mn.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.6 wt. % Mn. in one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.7 wt. % Mn. in one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.8 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.9 wt. % Mn, In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 2.0 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 2.1 wt. % Mn. In yet another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.5 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 2.2 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 2.5 wt.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has at least 3.0 wt. % Mn. In yet another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 3.5 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 4.0 wt. % Mn. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 4,5 wt. % Mn. In yet another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 5.0 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 5.5 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 6.0 wt. % Mn. in another embodiment, the alummum alloy strip has at least 6,5 wt. % Mn.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has at least 7.0 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 7.5 wt. % Mn. In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 8.0 wt. % Mn.
  • the Mn in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 0.8 w r t. % to 8.0 wt, %. In one embodiment, the Mn in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 0.8 wt. % to 6.0 wt. %. In another embodiment, the Mn in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 0.8 wt. % to 4.0 wt. %. In yet another embodiment, the Mn in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 0.8 w r t. % to 3.5 wt. %. In an embodiment, the Mn in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 0.8 wt. % to 2.5 wt. %.
  • the Mn in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 0.8 wt. % to 2,2 wt. %.
  • Other of the above noted manganese minimums e.g., at least 0.9 wt. % Mn, at least 1.0 wt. % Mn, at least 1 .1 wt. % Mn, etc.
  • the alummum alloy strip has 0 wt. % Mn.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has at least 0.6 wt. % Fe. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 0.7 wt. % Fe. In one embodiment, the alummum alloy strip has at least 0.8 wt. % Fe. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 0.9 wt. % Fe. in one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.0 wt. % Fe. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.1 wt, % Fe. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1 .2 wt. % Fe. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.3 wt. % Fe.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.4 wt. % Fe. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.5 wt. % Fe. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.6 wt. % Fe. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.7 wt. % Fe. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.8 wt. % Fe, In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.9 wt. % Fe. In yet another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 2.0 wt. % Fe. In yet another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 2.5 wt. % Fe. In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 3.0 wt. % Fe.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has at least 3.5 wt. % Fe. In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 4.0 wt. % Fe. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 4.5 wt. % Fe. In yet another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 5.0 wt. % Fe. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy strip has 0 wt. % Fe. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy strip has 0 wt. % Mn and 0 wt. % Fe.
  • the Fe in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 0.6 wt. % to 5.0 wt. %. In yet another embodiment, the Fe in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 0.6 wt. % to 3.5 wt. %. In an embodiment, the Fe in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 0.6 wt. % to 2,5 wt. %. In another embodiment, the Fe in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 0.6 wt. % to 2.0 wt. %. Other of the above noted Fe minimums (e.g., at least 0.7 wt. % Fe, at least 0.8 wt. % Fe, at least 0.9 wt. % Fe, etc.) can be used with the maximums described in this paragraph.
  • the "wt. % of Fe and Mn" means the sum of the wt. % of Fe and the wt. % of Mn.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.4 wt. % of Fe and Mn.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.5 wt. % of Fe and Mn.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.6 wt. % of Fe and Mn.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1 .7 wt. % of Fe and Mn.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.8 wt. % of Fe and Mn.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has at least 1.9 wt.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has at least 2.0 wt. % of Fe and Mn. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 2.1 wt. % of Fe and Mn, In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 2.2 wt. % of Fe and Mn. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 2.3 wt. % of Fe and Mn. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 2.4 wt. % of Fe and Mn. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 2.5 wt. % of Fe and Mn. In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 3.0 wt. % of Fe and Mn.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has at least 3.5 wt. % of Fe and Mn. In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 4.0 wt. % of Fe and Mn, In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 5.0 wt. % of Fe and Mn. In yet another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 6.0 wt. % of Fe and Mn. In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 7.0 wt. % of Fe and Mn. In yet another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 8.0 wt. % of Fe and Mn. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has at least 10.0 wt. % of Fe and Mn.
  • the wt. % of Fe and Mn in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 1.4 wt. % to 10.0 wt. %. In yet another embodiment, the wt. % of Fe and Mn in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 1.4 wt. % to 8.0 wt. %. In an embodiment, the wt. % of Fe and Mn in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 1.4 wt. % to 7.0 wt. %. In another embodiment, the wt. % of Fe and Mn in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 1.4 wt. % to 6,0 wt. %. In another embodiment, the wt.
  • % of Fe and Mn in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 1.4 wt. % to 5.0 wt. %. In another embodiment, the wt. % of Fe and Mn in the aluminum alloy strip ranges from 1.4 wt. % to 4,0 wt. %.
  • Other of the above noted manganese + iron minimums e.g., at least 1.5 wt. % Mn+Fe, at least 1.6 wt. % Mn+Fe, at least 1.7 wt. % Mn+Fe, etc. can be used with the maximums described in this paragraph.
  • the aluminum alloy strip includes a sufficient quantity of Mn and/or Fe to achieve a hypereutectie composition, in some embodiments, at least 0.8 wt. % Mn, at least 0.6 wt. % Fe, or at least 0.8 wt. % Mn and at least 0.6 wt. % Fe, are contained within the aluminum alloy strip at such a level as to achieve a hypereutectie composition.
  • the aluminum alloy strip may contain secondary elements, territory elements, and/or other elements.
  • secondary elements are Mg, Si Cu, and/or Zii.
  • tertiary elements is oxygen.
  • other elements includes any elements of the periodic table other than the above-identified elements, i.e., any elements other than aluminum (Af), Mn, Fe, Mg, Si, Cu, Zn and/or O.
  • the secondary and tertiary elements may be present in the amounts shown below.
  • the new aluminum alloy may include not more than 0.25 wt. % each of any other element, with the total combined amount of these other elements not exceeding 0.50 wt. % in the new aluminum alloy.
  • each one of these other elements does not exceed 0.15 wt. % in the aluminum alloy, and the total combined amount of these other elements does not exceed 0.35 wt. % in the aluminum alloy. In another embodiment, each one of these other elements, individually, does not exceed 0.10 wt. % in the aluminum alloy, and the total combined amount of these other elements does not exceed 0,25 wt. % in the aluminum alloy. In another embodiment, each one of these other elements, individually, does not exceed 0.05 wt. % in the aluminum alloy, and the total combined amount of these other elements does not exceed 0.15 wt. % in the aluminum alloy. In another embodiment, each one of these other elements, individually, does not exceed 0.03 wt. % in the aluminum alloy, and the total combined amount of these other elements does not exceed 0.10 wt. % in the aluminum alloy.
  • the new alloy includes up to 3.0 wt. % Mg, in one embodiment, the new alloy includes 0.2 - 3.0 wt. % Mg. in one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy mcludes at least 0.40 wt. % Mg, In one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes at least 0.60 wi. % Mg. In one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes not greater than 2.0 wt. % Mg. In one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes not greater than 1.7 wt. % Mg, in one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes not greater than 1.5 wt. % Mg. In other embodiments, magnesium is included in the alloy as an impurity, and in these embodiments is present at levels of 0.19 wt. % Mg, or less. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy strip has 0 wt. % Mg.
  • the new aluminum alloy includes up to 1.5 wt. % Si. In one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes 0.1 - 1.5 wt. % Si. In one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes at least about 0.20 wt. % Si. In one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes at least about 0.30 wt. % Si. In one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes at least about 0.40 wt. % Si. In one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes not greater than about 1.0 wt. % Si. In one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes not greater than about 0,8 wt. % Si, In other embodiments, silicon is included in the alloy as an impurity, and in these embodiments is present at levels of 0.09 wt. % Si, or less. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy strip has 0 wt. % Si.
  • the new aluminum alloy includes up to 1.0 wt. % Cu. In one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes 0.1 - 1.0 wt. % Cu, In one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes at least about 0.15 wt. % Cu. In one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes at least about 0.20 wt. % Cu. In one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes at least about 0.25 wt. % Cu. In one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes at least about 0.30 wt. % Cu. In other embodiments, copper is included in the alloy as an impurity, and in these embodiments is present at levels of 0.09 wt. % Cu, or less. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy strip has 0 wt. % Cu.
  • the new includes up to 1.5 wt. % Zn, such as up to 1.25 wt. % Zn, or up to 1 .0 wt. % Zn, or up to 0.50 wt. % Zn.
  • the new aluminum alloy includes zinc, and in these embodiments the new aluminum alloy includes at least 0.10 wt. % Zn. In one embodiment, the new aluminum alloy includes at least 0,25 wt. % Zn. In one embodiment, the new HT aluminum alloy includes at least 0.35 wt. % Zn. In other embodiments, zinc is included in the alloy as an impurity, and in these embodiments is present at levels of 0.09 wt. % Zn, or less, in some embodiments, the aluminum alloy strip has 0 wt. % Zn.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has an oxygen content of 0.25 wt. % or less. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy strip has an oxygen content of 0.2 wt. % or less. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy strip has an oxygen content of 0.15 wt. % or less. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy strip has an oxygen content of 0.1 wt. % or less. In an embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has an oxygen content of 0.09 wt. % or less. In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has an oxygen content of 0.08 wt. % or less. In yet another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has an oxygen content of 0.07 wt. % or less.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has an oxygen content of 0.06 wt. % or less. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy strip has an oxygen content of 0.05 wt. % or less. In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has an oxygen content of 0.04 wt. % or less. In another embodiment, the aluminum alloy strip has an oxygen content of 0.03 wt. % or less. In other embodiments, the aluminum alloy strip has an oxygen content of 0.02 wt. % or less. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy strip has an oxygen content of 0.01 wt. % or less. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy strip has an oxygen content of 0.005 wt. % or less. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy strip has an oxygen content below the detection limit of the LECO Oxygen-Nitrogen Analyzer.
  • the aluminum alloy strip is used as can sheet stock for producing can bodies and/or can ends or other can making applications.
  • the aluminum alloy strip may include:
  • the balance being aluminum, and other elements, wherein the aluminum alloy includes not greater than 0,25 wt. % of anv one of the other elements, and wherein the aluminum alloy includes not greater than 0.50 wt. % total of the other elements,
  • the aluminum alloy strip may include:
  • the balance being alumiimm, and other elements, wherein the aiuminura alloy includes not greater than 0,25 wt. % of any one of the other elements, and wherein the aluminum alloy includes not greater than 0.50 w r t. % total of the other elements.
  • the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 50 micrometers, in some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 40 micrometers. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 30 micrometers, in some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 25 micrometers. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 20 micrometers.
  • the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 15 micrometers, in some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 10 micrometers. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 5 micrometers. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 4 micrometers. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 3 micrometers.
  • the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantiaily free of large particles having an equivalent diameter ranging from 3 micrometers to 50 micrometers. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter ranging from 3 micrometers to 40 micrometers. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles ranging from 3 rmcrometers to 30 rmcrometers. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum al loy strip is substantiaily free of large particles ranging from 3 micrometers to 20 micrometers. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles ranging from 3 micrometers to 10 micrometers.
  • the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles ranging from 3 micrometers to 5 micrometers. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles ranging from 5 micrometers to 50 micrometers. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles ranging from 10 micrometers to 50 micrometers. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles ranging from 20 micrometers to 50 micrometers. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles ranging from 30 micrometers to 50 micrometers. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantial!)' free of large particles ranging from 40 micrometers to 50 micrometers.
  • the ironing die when cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 3000 cans. In some embodiments, when cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 2500 cans. In some embodiments, when cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 2000 cans. In some embodiments, when cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 1500 cans. In some embodiments, when cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 1000 cans.
  • the ironing die when cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 500 cans. In some embodiments, when cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 300 cans, in some embodiments, when cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 200 cans. In some embodiments, when cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 100 cans.
  • the ironing die when cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles, the ironing die requires cleaning at a particular frequency.
  • the "particular cleaning frequency” means a number of cleanings per unit time.
  • a lower “particular cleaning frequency” corresponds to a larger time interval between cleanings.
  • the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles is equal to or less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles.
  • the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles is at least 10% less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles. In some embodiments, the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles is at least 20% less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles. In some embodiments, the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantial!)' free of large particles is at least 30% less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles.
  • the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles is at least 40% less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles. In some embodiments, the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles is at least 50% less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles. In some embodiments, the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles is at least 70% less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantial ly free of large particles.
  • the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles is at least 80% less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles. In some embodiments, the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles is at least 90%) less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles.
  • the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip includes small particles. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantial!)' free of large particles and includes a sufficient particle count per unit area and/or sufficient volume fraction of small particles such that, when cupping and ironing the strip, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 3000 cans. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles and includes a sufficient particle count per unit area and/or sufficient volume fraction of small particles such that, when cupping and ironing the strip, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 2500 cans.
  • the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles and includes a sufficient particle count per unit area and/or sufficient volume fraction of small particles such that, when cupping and ironing the strip, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 2000 cans.
  • the near surface of the aluminum al loy strip is substantially free of large particles and includes a sufficient particle count per unit area and/or sufficient volume fraction of small particles such that, when cupping and ironing the strip, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 1500 cans.
  • the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles and includes a sufficient particle count per unit area and/or sufficient volume fraction of small particles such that, when cupping and ironing the strip, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 1000 cans.
  • the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles and includes a sufficient particle count per unit area and/or sufficient volume fraction of small particles such that, when cupping and ironing the strip, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 500 cans. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles and includes a sufficient particle count per unit area and/or sufficient volume fraction of small particles such that, when cupping and ironing the strip, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 300 cans. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles and includes a sufficient particle count per unit area and/or sufficient volume fraction of small particles such that, when cupping and ironing the strip, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 200 cans. In some embodiments, the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip is substantially free of large particles and includes a sufficient particle count per unit area and/or sufficient volume fraction of small particles such that, when cupping and ironing the strip, the ironing die requires cleaning after about 100 cans.
  • the ironing die when cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles and has a particle count per unit area and/or volume fraction of small particles as described herein, the ironing die requires cleaning at a particular frequency.
  • the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles and has a particle count per unit area and/or volume fraction of small particles as described herein is equal to or less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles.
  • the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles and has a particle count per unit area and/or volume fraction of small particles as described herein is at least 10% less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles. In some embodiments, the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles and has a particle count per unit area and/or volume fraction of small particles as described herein is at least 20% less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles.
  • the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles and has a particle count per unit area and/or volume fraction of small particles as described herein is at least 30% less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles.
  • the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles and has a particle count per unit area and/or volume fraction of small particles as described herein is at least 40% less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles. In some embodiments, the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles and has a particle count per unit area and/or volume fraction of small particles as described herein is at least 50% less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles.
  • the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles and has a particle count per unit area and/or volume fraction of small particles as described herein is at least 70% less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles. In some embodiments, the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles and has a particle count per unit area and/or volume fraction of small particles as described herein is at least 80% less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles.
  • the particular frequency of die cleaning associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is substantially free of large particles and has a particle count per unit area and/or volume fraction of small particles as described herein is at least 90% less than a particular cleaning frequency associated with cupping and ironing a strip that is not substantially free of large particles
  • each of the smal l particles has a particular equivalent diameter.
  • the particular equivalent diameter is less than 3 micrometers, in another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 2.9 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 2.8 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 2.7 micrometers. In one embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 2.6 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 2.5 micrometer. In one embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is less tha 2.4 micrometers. In one embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 2.3 micrometers. In one embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 2.2 micrometers. In one embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 2.1 micrometers. In one embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 2 micrometers.
  • each of the small particles has a particular equivalent diameter ranging from 0.22 microns to 3 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.22 microns to 2.9 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.22 microns to 2.8 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.22 microns to 2.7 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.22 microns to 2.6 micrometers, in another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.22 microns to 2.5 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.22 microns to 2.4 micrometers.
  • the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.22 microns to 2.3 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0,22 microns to 2,2 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.22 microns to 2.1 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.22 microns to 2 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.22 microns to 0.35 micrometers.
  • the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.22 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.3 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.35 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.5 micrometers. In one embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.7 micrometers. In another embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.8 micrometer. In one embodiment, the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.9 micrometers.
  • the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.007 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In the one embodiment, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.008 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In the one embodiment, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.009 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In the one embodiment, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.01 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.02 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip, [000132] In another embodiment, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.03 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In another embodiment, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.04 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In another embodiment, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.046 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.05 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In another embodiment, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.007 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.009 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.01 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.015 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.02 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the smal l particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.025 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.03 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.035 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.04 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.043 to 0.055 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.043 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter of 0.33 micrometers is at least 0.003 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter of 0.33 micrometers is at least 0.01 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip, in some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter of 0.33 micrometers is at least 0.043 particies per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum al loy strip.
  • the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter of 0.33 micrometers ranges from 0.003 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter of 0.33 micrometers ranges from 0.01 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the q uantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter of 0.33 micrometers from 0,043 to 0,06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter of 0.5 micrometers is at least 0.003 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter of 0.5 micrometers is at least 0.01 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter of 0.5 micrometers is at least 0.03 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter of 0.5 micrometers is at least 0.035 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter of 0.5 micrometers is at least 0.04 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter of 0.5 micrometers is at least 0.043 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. [000137] In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter of 0.5 micrometers ranges from 0.003 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter of 0.5 micrometers ranges from 0.01 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the q uantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter of 0.5 micrometers from 0.03 to 0.045 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter in the range of 0.33 to 0.5 micrometers is at least 0.003 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter in the range of 0.33 to 0.5 micrometers is at least 0.01 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter in the range of 0.33 to 0.5 micrometers is at least 0.043 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter in the range of 0.33 to 0.5 micrometers ranges from 0.003 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter in the range of 0.33 to 0.5 micrometers ranges from 0.01 to 0.06 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the quantity per unit area of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter in the range 0.33 to 0.5 micrometers from 0.043 to 0.055 particles per square micrometer at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip includes small particles.
  • each of the small particles has a particular equivalent diameter.
  • the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.1 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.2 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.3 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.4 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.5 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.6 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.65 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.7 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.8 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.9 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 1.0 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 1 .1 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip, in some embodiments, the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter is at least 1.2 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.1 percent to 1.2 at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.2 percent to 1 .2 at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.3 percent to 1 .2 at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.4 percent to 1.2 at the near surface of the aluminum alloy- strip.
  • the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.5 percent to 1.2 at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0,6 percent to 1 .2 at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.7 percent to 1 .2 at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.8 percent to 1.2 at the near surface of the aluminum alloy- strip. In some embodiments, the volume fraction of the small particles having a particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.9 percent to 1.2 at the near surface of the alummum alloy strip.
  • the particular equivalent diameter is less than 1 micrometer and the volume fraction of the small particles having that particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.2 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 0.9 micrometer and the volume fraction of the small particles having that particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.2 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 0.85 micrometer and the volume fraction of the small particles having that particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.2 percent at the near surface of the alummum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 0.8 micrometer and the volume fraction of the small particles having that particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.2 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the particular equivalent diameter is less than 0.7 micrometer and the volume fraction of the small particles having that particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.1 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip, in some embodiments, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 0.6 micrometer and the volume fraction of the small particles having that particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.1 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.5 to 0.85 and the volume fraction of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0,2 percent at the near surface of the alummum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.5 to 0.85 and the volume fraction of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.4 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the particular equivalent diameter ranges from 0.5 to 0.85 and the volume fraction of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.65 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the particular equivalent diameter is less than 0.85 and the volume fraction of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0,2 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the particular equivalent diameter ranges is less than 0.85 and the volume fraction of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.4 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip. In some embodiments, the particular equivalent diameter is less than 0.85 and the volume fraction of the small particles having the particular equivalent diameter is at least 0.8 percent at the near surface of the aluminum alloy strip.
  • the aluminum alloy strip has the particle count per unit area profile shown in Figure 3. In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy strip has the volume fraction profile shown in Figure 4.
  • the properties of the aluminum alloy strip and reference material are constant over varying durations of exposure.
  • the properties of the aluminum alloy strip and reference material exposed to a room temperature of 75° F for 1 hour are substantially the same as the properties of the aluminum alloy strip and reference material exposed to a room temperature of 75°F for 500 hours or more.
  • a first tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is greater than a second tensile yield strength of the reference material.
  • the reference material is an aluminum alloy 2219 having a T87 temper.
  • the first tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 5% greater than the second tensile yield strength of the reference material.
  • the first tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 10% greater than the second tensile yield strength of the reference material.
  • the first tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 15% greater than the second tensile yield strength of the reference material. In another embodiment, when the aluminum alloy strip and the reference material are exposed to a temperature of at least 75 °F for 100 hours, the first tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 20% greater than the second tensile yield strength of the reference material. In another embodiment, when the aluminum alloy strip and the reference material are exposed to a temperature of at least 75°F for 100 hours, the first tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 25% greater than the second tensile yield strength of the reference material.
  • the aluminum alloy strip and the reference material are exposed to a temperature of at least 75°F for 500 hours, the first tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 5% greater than the second tensile yield strength of the reference material, [000148]
  • a first tensile yield strengt of the alumiimm alloy strip is greater than a second tensile yield strength of the reference material.
  • a first tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is greater than a second tensile yield strength of the reference material. In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip and a reference material are exposed to a temperature of 45Q°F for 100 hours, a first tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is greater than a second tensile yield strength of the reference material.
  • the aluminum alloy strip of some embodiments of the present invention and the aluminum alloy 2219 having a T87 temper reference material at 350°F, 400°F, or 450°F for 500 hours will yield similar relative results as those detailed above for exposure at 350°F, 400°F, or 450°F for 100 hours.
  • the aluminum alloy strip and the reference material are exposed to a temperature of 350°F, 400°F, or 450°F for 500 hours, the first tensile yield strength of the aluminum al loy strip is greater than the second tensile yield strength of the reference material.
  • a tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 35 ksi as measured by ASTM E8. In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip is exposed to a temperature of at least 75°F for 500 hours, a tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 40 ksi as measured by ASTM E8. In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip is exposed to a temperature of at least 75 °F for 500 hours, a tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 45 ksi as measured by ASTM E8. In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip is exposed to a temperature of at least 75°F for 500 hours, a tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 50 ksi as measured by ASTM E8.
  • a tensile yield strength of the alummum alloy strip is at least 50 ksi as measured by ASTM E8. In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip is exposed to a temperature of 75°F for 500 hours, a tensile yield strength of the alummum alloy strip is at least 55 ksi as measured by ASTM E8.
  • a tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 45 ksi as measured by ASTM E8. in some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip is exposed to a temperature of 350°F for 500 hours, a tensile yield strengt of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 50 ksi as measured by ASTM E8.
  • a tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 40 ksi as measured by ASTM E8. In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip is exposed to a temperature of 400°F for 500 hours, a tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 45 ksi as measured by ASTM E8,
  • a tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 35 ksi as measured by ASTM E8. In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip is exposed to a temperature of 450°F for 500 hours, a tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 40 ksi as measured by ASTM E8, [000154] In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip is exposed to a particular temperature of greater than 75°F for 500 hours, an elevated temperature tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 15 ksi as measured by ASTM E21 at the particular temperature.
  • an elevated temperature tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 20 ksi as measured by ASTM E21 at the particular temperature. In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip is exposed to a temperature of greater than 75°F for 500 hours, an elevated temperature tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 25 ksi as measured by ASTM E21 at the particular temperature. In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip is exposed to a temperature of greater than 75°F for 500 hours, an elevated temperature tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 30 ksi as measured by ASTM E21 at the particular temperature.
  • an elevated temperature tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 35 ksi as measured by ASTM E21 at the particular temperature
  • an elevated temperature tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 35 ksi as measured by ASTM E21 at 350°F. In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip is exposed to a temperature of 350°F for 500 hours, an elevated temperature tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 40 ksi as measured by ASTM E21 at 350°F.
  • an elevated temperature tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 20 ksi as measured by ASTM E21 at 400°F. In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip is exposed to a temperature of 40G°F for 500 hours, an elevated temperature tensi le yield strength of the alumimim alloy strip is at least 25 ksi as measured by ASTM E21 at 400 C F.
  • an elevated temperature tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 10 ksi as measured by ASTM E21 at 450°F. In some embodiments, when the aluminum alloy strip is exposed to a temperature of 450°F for 500 hours, an elevated temperature tensile yield strength of the aluminum alloy strip is at least 15 ksi as measured by ASTM E21 at 450°F.
  • the aluminum alloy strip includes the properties shown in Figures 5 to 8.
  • FIG. 9 One embodiment of a method for producing new aluminum alloy strip is illustrated in Figure 9.
  • an alumimim alloy composition is selected (100) having the composition described herein.
  • the aluminum alloy is then continuously cast (200), after which it is hot roiled (310), cold rolled (320), batch annealed (330) and cold rolled (340) to form an aluminum alloy strip.
  • the aluminum alloy strip may be subjected to additional processing (400) to form a product configured for can making applications.
  • the product may include a can body or end.
  • the processing (400) may include a cupping (410) and/or ironing (420) to form a can body.
  • the continuously casting step (200) (also referred to as “casting” or “the casting step”) may be accomplished via any continuous casting apparatus capable of producing continuously cast products that are solidified at high solidification rates.
  • High solidification rates facilitate retention of alloying elements in solid solution.
  • the solid solution formed at high temperature may be retained in a supersaturated state by cooling with sufficient rapidity to restrict the precipitation of the solute atoms as coarse, incoherent particles.
  • the solidification rate is such that the alloy realizes a secondary dendrite arm spacing of 10 micrometers, or less (on average). In one embodiment, the secondary dendrite arm spacing is not greater than 7 micrometers.
  • the secondary dendrite arm spacing is not greater than 5 micrometers. In yet another embodiment, the secondary dendrite arm spacing is not greater than 3 micrometers.
  • a continuous casting apparatus capable of achieving the above-described solidification rates is the apparatus described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,496,423 and 6,672,368. In these apparatus, the cast product typically exits the rolls of the casting at about 110G°F. It may be desirable to lower the cast product temperature to about 1000°F within about 8 to 10 inches of the nip of the rolls to achieve the above-described solidification rates. In an embodiment, the nip of the rolls may be a point of minimum clearance between the rolls,
  • the alloy is continuously cast using the process described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,496,423 and 6,672,368 and hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes.
  • a molten aluminum alloy metal M may be stored in a hopper H (or tundish) and delivered through a feed tip T, in a direction B, to a pair of rolls i and R 2 , having respective rol l surfaces D. and D 2 , which are each rotated in respective directions A f and A 2 , to produce a solid cast product S.
  • gaps G ⁇ and G 2 may be maintained between the feed tip T and respective rolls ; and R 2 as small as possible to prevent molten metal from leaking out, and to minimize the exposure of the molten metal to the atmosphere, while maintaining a separation between the feed tip T and rolls R-. and R 2 .
  • a suitable dimension of the gaps G] and G 2 may be 0,01 inch (0.254 mm), A. plane L through the centerline of the rolls Ri and R 2 passes through a region of minimum clearance between the rolls ] and R 2 referred to as the rol l nip N.
  • the molten metal M directly contacts the cooled rolls Ri and R 2 at regions 2 and 4, respectively.
  • the metal M Upon contact with the roils Ri and R 2 , the metal M begins to cool and solidify.
  • the cooling metal produces an upper shell 6 of solidified metal adjacent the roll Ri and a lower shell 8 of solidified metal adjacent to the roll R 2 .
  • the thickness of the shells 6 and 8 increases as the metal M advances towards the nip .
  • Large dendrites 10 of solidified metal may be produced at the interfaces between each of the upper and lower shells 6 and 8 and the molten metal M.
  • the large dendrites 10 may be broken and dragged into a center portion 12 of the slower moving flow of the molten metal M and may be carried in the direction of arrow's Ci and C 2 .
  • the dragging action of the flow can cause the large dendrites 10 to be broken further into smaller dendrites 14 (not shown to scale).
  • the metal M is semi-solid and may include a solid component (the solidified small dendrites 14) and a molten metal component.
  • the metal M in the region 1 6 may have a mushy consistency due in part to the dispersion of the small dendrites 14 therein.
  • a freeze front of metal may be formed at the nip N.
  • the central portion 12 may be a solid central portion, 18 containing the small dendrites 14 sandwiched between the upper shell 6 and the lower shell 8.
  • the small dendrites 14 may be 20 microns to 50 microns in size and have a general!' globular shape.
  • the three portions, of the upper and lower shells 6 and 8 and the solidified central portion 18, constitute a single, solid cast product (S in Figure 10 and element 20 in Figure 1 1).
  • the aluminum alloy cast product 20 may include a first portion of an aluminum alloy and a second portion of the aluminum alloy (corresponding to the shells 6 and 8) with an intermediate portion (the solidified central portion 18) therebetween.
  • the solid central portion 18 may constitute 20 percent to 30 percent of the total thickness of the cast product 20.
  • the roils and R 2 may serve as heat sinks for the heat of the molten metal M.
  • heat may be transferred from the molten metal M to the rolls Ri and R in a uniform manner to ensure uniformity in the surface of the cast product 20.
  • Surfaces Dj and D 2 of the respective rolls R 1 and R 2 may be made from steel or copper and may be textured and may include surface irregularities (not shown) which may contact the molten metal M.
  • the surface irregularities may serve to increase the heat transfer from the surfaces Dj and D 2 and, by- imposing a controlled degree of non-uniformity in the surfaces Di and D 2 , result in uniform heat transfer across the surfaces D 1 and D 2 .
  • the surface irregularities may be in the form of grooves, dimples, knurls or other structures and may be spaced apart in a regular pattern of 20 to 120 surface irregularities per inch, or about 60 irregularities per inch.
  • the surface irregularities may have a height ranging from 5 microns to 50 microns, or alternatively about 30 microns.
  • the roils R i and R 2 may be coated with a material to enhance separation of the cast product from the rolls ; and R. 2 such as chromium or n ckel.
  • the control, maintenance and selection of the appropriate speed of the rolls i and R 2 may impact the ability to continuously cast products.
  • the roll speed determines the speed that the molten metal M advances towards the nip N. If the speed is too slow, the large dendrites 10 will not experience sufficient forces to become entrained in the central portion 12 and break into the small dendrites 14.
  • the rol l speed may be selected such that a freeze front, or point of complete solidification, of the molten metal M may form at the nip N.
  • the present casting apparatus and methods may be suited for operation at high speeds such as those ranging from 25 to 500 feet per minute; alternatively from 40 to 500 feet per minute; alternatively from 40 to 400 feet per minute; alternative!)' from 100 to 400 feet per minute; alternatively from 150 to 300 feet per minute; and alternatively 90 to 1 15 feet per minute.
  • the linear rate per unit area that molten aluminum is delivered to the rolls R] and R may be less than the speed of the rolls Rj and R. 2 or about one quarter of the roll speed.
  • Continuous casting of aluminum alloys according to the present disclosure may ⁇ be achieved by initi ally selecting the desired dimension of the nip N corresponding to the desired gauge of the cast product S.
  • the speed of the rolls Ri and R 2 may be increased to a desired production rate or to a speed which is less than the speed which causes the roil separating force increases to a level which indicates that rolling is occurring between the rolls Rj and R 2 .
  • Casting at the rates contemplated by the present invention i.e. 25 to 400 feet per minute
  • the rate at which the molten metal is cooled may be selected to achieve rapid solidification of the outer regions of the metal Indeed, the cooling of the outer regions of metal may occur at a rate of at least 1000 degrees centigrade per second.
  • the continuous cast strip may be of any suitable thickness, and is generally of sheet gauge (0.006 inch to 0.249 inch) or thin-plate gauge (0.250 inch to 0.400 inch), i.e., has a thickness in the range of from 0.006 inch to 0.400 inch.
  • the strip has a thickness of at least 0.040 inch.
  • the strip has a thickness of at not greater than 0.320 inch.
  • the strip has a thickness of from 0.0070 to 0.018 inches, such as when used for cans or elevated temperature applications.
  • the continuous casting is conducted at a sufficient speed so as to result in a cast product having a near surface that is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 50 micrometers. In one embodiment, the continuous casting is conducted at a sufficient speed so as to result in a cast product having a near surface that is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 40 micrometers. In one embodiment, the continuous casting is conducted at a sufficient speed so as to result in a cast product having a near surface that is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 30 micrometers.
  • the continuous casting is conducted at a sufficient speed so as to result in a cast product having a near surface that is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 20 micrometers. In one embodiment, the continuous casting is conducted at a sufficient speed so as to result in a cast product having a near surface that is substantially free of large particles having an equivalent diameter of at least 10 micrometers. In one embodiment, the continuous casting is conducted at a sufficient speed so as to result in a cast product having a near surface that is substantially free of large particles having an equival ent diameter of at least 3 micrometers.
  • the continuous casting step (200) includes delivering (210) the hypereuteetie aluminum alloy to a pair of rolls at a speed, where the rolls are configured to form a nip and wherein the speed ranges from 50 to 300 feet per minute, solidifying (220) the hypereuteetie aluminum alloy to produce solid outer portions adjacent to eac roll and a semisolid central portion between the solid outer portions; and solidifying (230) the central portion within the nip to form a cast product.
  • the casting speed is selected so as to result in a particle count per unit area and/or volume fraction as described herein. In some embodiments, the casting speed is selected so as to result in a particle count per unit area and/or volume fraction as shown in Figures 3 and 4, respectively.
  • the cast product is hot rolled, cold rolled, and/or batch annealing sufficiently to form an aluminum alloy strip as described herein.
  • the continuously cast product may be hot rolled (310), such as to final gauge or an intermediate gauge.
  • the hot rolling step (310) may reduce the thickness of the cast product anywhere from 1 -2% to 90%, or more.
  • the aluminum alloy cast product may exit the casting apparatus at a temperature below the alloy solidus temperature, which is alloy dependent, and generally in the range of from 900°F to 1150°F.
  • the hot rolled product may be cold rolled (320), such as to final gauge or intermediate gauge.
  • the cold rolling step (320) may reduce the thickness of the hot rolled product anywhere from 1 -2% to 90%, or more.
  • the cold rolled product may be annealed (330).
  • the cold rolled product may be batch annealed.
  • the batch anneal step may be conducted at any suitable temperature and duration so as to result in a product capable of use for can making and/or elevated temperature applications.
  • the anneal and/or batch anneal is conducted at a temperature in the range of 500°F to 1200°F for 1 to 10 hours.
  • the "temperature" of the anneal or batch anneal corresponds to the metal soak temperature.
  • the anneal and/or batch anneal is conducted at a temperature in the range of 600°F to 1 100°F for 1 to 5 hours. In an embodiment, the anneal and/or batch anneal is conducted at a temperature in the range of 700°F to 1000°F for 2 to 4 hours. In an embodiment, the anneal and/or batch anneal is conducted at a temperature of 850°F for 3 hours. In an embodiment, the anneal and/or batch anneal is conducted at a temperature of 875° F for 4 hours.
  • the batch annealed product may be cold rolled (340), such as to final gauge or intermediate gauge, to form an aluminum alloy strip as described herein.
  • Th e cold rolling step (340) may reduce the thickness of the batch annealed product anywhere from 1 -2% to 90%, or more.
  • the aluminum alloy strip may be subjected to additional processing (400) to form a product configured for can making applications.
  • the product may include a can body or can end.
  • the processing (400) may include a cupping (410) and/or ironing (420) to form a can body.
  • cupping includes a drawing process used to form a cylindrical or similarly shaped product.
  • the cupped product may be subjected to an ironing (420) step.
  • the ironing (420) may be conducted using one or more dies positioned on the exterior of the cupped product to thin the wail and increase the height of the cupped product.
  • the ironing step (420) results in a can body.
  • processing steps include one or a combination of the following: drawing, drawing and ironing, draw reverse draw, drawing and stretching, deep drawing, 3-piece seaming, curling, flanging, threading, and seaming.
  • processing steps include shaping the can. Shaping includes narrowing and/or expanding the diameter of the can using any appropriate shaping method. Narrowing can be done by any method known in the art, including but not limited to die necking and spin forming. Necking or spin forming can be performed in any way known in the art, including as described in U.S. Patent Numbers 4,512,172; 4,563,887; 4,774,839; 5,355,710 and 7,726,165.
  • the SEM is then set to collect backscattered electrons for gray level 8 bit digital image captures at a magnification of 2500X with a pixel resolution of 1296x968 in a square array with a scan rate of 66,4 milliseconds per line.
  • the accelerating voltage on the SEM is set to lOkV
  • the condenser lens is set to a spot size of 3
  • the working distance is set to 3 millimeters.
  • the field of view of the SEM is then adjusted to view the near surface of the sample.
  • the top of the field of view is at the sample surface (T) and the bottom of the field of view is at about 37 micrometers below the sample surface (T/7).
  • the SEM is then used to obtain a photomicrograph and determine the average gray level of the aluminum matrix with a certain standard deviation shown in the photomicrograph.
  • the SEM is used to obtain a photomicrograph with an average gray level of the aluminum matrix of about 45 with a standard deviation of about 10.
  • Non- limiting examples of photomicrographs obtained using the are shown in Figure 12 (ingot) and Figure 13 (product cast according to the methods described herein).
  • a gray level threshold of a potential particle pixel is selected as the sum of the aluminum matrix average gray level of the photomicrograph and 5 times the standard deviation of the aluminum matrix average gray level of the photomicrograph.
  • a binary image having two gray levels — 0-bIack and 255-white — is then generated from the photomicrograph.
  • Groups of less than 25 adjoining pixels are then removed from the binary image.
  • the resultant image after removal of the groups of less than 25 adjoining pixels is a "particle binary image.”
  • Particle pixels are adjoining pixels in groups of at least 25 in any of the 8 possible directions on a square array of a binary image. Groups of less than the 25 adjoining pixels are not associated with particles (i.e., are not particle pixels) and are thus removed from the binary image during this step.
  • a pixel has a size of 0,0395257 micrometers in the x-direction and 0.038759 micrometers in the y-direction corresponding to an individual pixel area of about 0.001532 square micrometers.
  • the minimum area of a particle is 0,0383 square micrometers corresponding to a minimum equivalent diameter of 0.22 micrometers.
  • the area fraction/volume fractions of the particles are then calculated based on the particle binary image.
  • area fractions and volume fractions of the particles are equal. See Ervin E. Underwood, Quantitative Stereology 27 (Addison- Wesley Pub. Co. 1970), The area fraction'Volume fraction is calculated as the quantity of the pixels in the particle binary image at a gray scale of 255 divided by the number of pixels in a frame (1,296 X 968 or 1,254,528) multiplied by 100 or (quantity of pixels at a gray scale of 255) / (number of pixels in a frame or 1,254,528) X 100.
  • the particle count is then calculated based on the particle binary image.
  • each individual particle in particle binary image is identified based on pixels at a gray scale of 255 that are adjoining in any of the 8 directions on a square array. Then, the particle count is calcuiated based on the number of individual particles identified in the particle binary image.
  • the area of each of the particles is then calculated based on the particle binary image.
  • the area of each particle is calculated by summing the number of adjoining particle pixels and multiplying by the area of each pixel or about 0.001532 square micrometers at 25Q0X magnification, individual particles that contact the side of the particle binary image are excluded such that only whole particles are measured.
  • Each particle area is then included in a "bin" that corresponds to a specific particle area range.
  • the particle count per unit area is then calculated as (the particle count) divided by [(the number of pixels in a frame (1,296 X 968 or 1,254,528) X the area of each pixel (0.001532 square micrometers at 2500X magnification) X the number of photomicrographs analyzed (40) which equals about 76,600 square micrometers)].
  • the gray level threshold of a potential particle pixel is 95 - i.e., the sum of the aluminum matrix gray level of 45 and 5 times the standard deviation of 10 (50).
  • Figure 14 shows a binary image generated from the photomicrograph of the ingot shown in Figure 12.
  • Figure 15 shows a binary image of the photomicrograph of the product cast according to the methods described herein shown in Figure 13.
  • Figure 16 was generated by removing the non-particle pixels of the binary image of the ingot shown in Figure 12.
  • Figure 17 was generated by removing the non- particle pixels of the binary image of the product cast according to the methods described herein shown in Figure 13.
  • Pack mounts are used to assemble several samples together in a manner that prevents samples from deforming during mounting and permits conductivity, if necessary.
  • binders and screws are used to bundle the samples.
  • Separators are used to separate the individual samples.
  • AA31.04 typically approximately 0,38 inches thick
  • material may be used as binders, high purity foil as separators and non-magnetic steel screws and nuts. Samples and separators are sandwiched between four binders (two on the front, two on the back) and held by screws.
  • the head of the screw is used to signify the first sample.
  • the order from the front of the mount is: two binders, two separators, sample 1 , separator, sample 2, separator, ... sample n, separator, two binders; where n is the total number of samples.
  • Figure 18 shows a non-limiting example of a pack mount detailed above.
  • the pack can then be mounted by any suitable method.
  • the pack may be mounted with clear Lucite and/or conductive powders in an appropriate mounting press that applies heat and pressure to consolidate the powders.
  • the mounting presses may be preprogrammed for pressure, and the heating and cooling cycles.
  • the automatic programs may be disengaged to allow for manual reduction of the pressures.
  • two-part epoxy compounds may be used for mounting the samples.
  • the samples may then be labeled with an appropriate identifier.
  • the mounted samples may then be mounted into a grinding/polishing carousel, ensuring that all cavities in the carousel are fil led with either samples or dummies, and metallographically ground and polished pursuant to ASTM E3 (201 1). Grinding and polishing are conducted using a Struers Abropol-2, a Buehler Ecomet/Automet 300, or equivalent device. Grinding typically starts with 240 grit paper, followed by finer grit papers of 320, 400, and 600 grade. Grinding time in each step is typically about 30 seconds. Pressure is applied typically in the range of 15 Newtons to 30 New ions per sample. The lower end of the pressure range is most suited to the preparation of aluminum alloy samples.
  • the sample is cleaned under running cold water, the water is removed using pressurized air, and the sample is visual ly examined. If any evidence of specimen cutting or the previous grinding step is observed, the step is repeated until an acceptable finish is achieved. [000198]
  • the sample is then polished again using the Struers Abropol-2, the Buehler Ecomet/Automet 300, or equivalent. The polishing steps are typically conducted for about 2 minutes each, with pressure in the range of 20 Newtons to 25 Newtons per sample, and are detailed below:
  • the samples are cleaned by swabbing with a cotton wool ball dipped in a mixture of liquid soap and water, rinsing clean under cold running water, then removing the water using pressurized air.
  • the sample(s) may be used in the Photomicrograph Procedure detailed above.
  • Aluminum alloys having the composition in Table 1, below, and processed in accordance with the methods described herein are used in non-limiting Examples 1 and 2.
  • 2219-T87 are reference materials and were processed as detailed in each example. 2219-T87 also includes 0.02 wt. % to 0.10 wt. % titanium, 0.05 wt. % to 0.15 wt. % vanadium, 0.10 wt. % to 0.25 wt. % zirconium, 0.10 wt. % (max) zinc, and not greater than 0.05 wt. % of any other element, with the total of the other elements not exceeding 0.15 wt. % in the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloys contained not greater than 0.10 w r t. % Zn, not greater than 0.05 wt. % oxygen, and not greater than 0.05 wt. % of any other element, with the total of the other elements not exceeding 0, 15 wt. % in the aluminum alloy.
  • the aluminum alloys of Example 1 include samples 12, 13, 14, 16, 240, 241, 242, 243 and Ingot. Samples 12, 13, 14, 16, 240, 241, 242, and 243 were first heated in a furnace at a temperature ranging from 1335°F to 1435°F. The molten metal was cast at about 0, 105 inches at a speed of 90 to 115 feet per minute using the process described herein.
  • the cast product was then hot rolled to 0.070 inches.
  • the hot rolled product was then cold rol led to 0.020 inches and subjected to a batch anneal at 850°F for 3 hours.
  • the batch annealed product was then cold rolled to a final gauge of 0.0108 inches.
  • FIG. 1 shows a magnified view of the photomicrographs of sample 243 and the Ingot sample.
  • Figure 2 shows a magnified view of the photomicrographs of sample 243 and the Ingot sample.
  • the particle areas of samples 12, 13, 14, 16, 240, 241, 242, and 243 are smaller than the particle areas of the Ingot sample.
  • the particles per unit area in samples 12, 13, 14, 16, 240, 241, 242, and 243 are larger than the particles per unit area in the Ingot sample.
  • the volume fraction of the particles in samples 12, 13, 14, 16, 2.40, 241, 242, and 243 are larger than the volume fraction of the particles in the Ingot sample.
  • Average area is equal to the sum of the measured areas of the particles in the bin divided by the number of particles in the bin.
  • Average area is equal to the sum of the measured areas of the particles in the bin divided by the number of particles in the bin.
  • Average area is equal to the sum of the measured areas of the particles in the bin divided by the number of particles in the bin.
  • Average area is equal to the sum of the measured areas of the particles in the bin divided by the number of particles in the bin.
  • Average area is equal to the sum of the measured areas of the particles in the bin divided by the number of particles in the bin.
  • Average area is equal to the sum of the measured areas of the particles in the bin divided by the number of particles in the bin.
  • Average area is equal to the sum of the measured areas of the particles in the bin divided by the number of particles in the bin.
  • Average area is equal to the sum of the measured areas of the particles in the bin divided by the number of particles in the bin.
  • Average area is equal to the sum of the measured areas of the particles in the bin divided by the number of particles in the bin.
  • Figure 3 shows the particle count per unit area v
  • Figure 4 shows volume fraction v. particle equivalent diameter for each of the samples 12, 13, 14, 16, 240, 241, 242, 243 and Ingot.
  • the aluminum alloys of Example 2 include samples 240, 241 , 242, 243, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, and 2219-T87. Each sample was heated, cast, hot rolled, cold rolled, batch annealed, and cold rolled as detailed in Example 1. The samples were then heated to temperatures of 350°F, 400°F, and 450°F for 100 hours ("100 hour exposure") at each temperature. Samples 240, 241, 242 and 243 were also heated to temperatures of 350°F, 400°F, and 450°F for 500 hours ("500 hour exposure") at each temperature. All of the samples we also exposed to a room temperature of 75 °F.
  • Figure 5-8 A graphical representation of the data included in Tables 11, 12, and 13 is shown in Figure 5-8, Specifically, Figure 5 shows the tensile yield strength for samples 240, 241, 242, 243, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, and 2219-T87 after 100 hour exposure at the various test temperatures. Figures 6 and 7 show the tensile strength and ultimate tensile strength, respectively, of samples 240, 241, 242, and 243 after 500 hour exposure at the various test temperatures. Figure 8 shows the elevated temperature tensile strength of samples 240, 241, 242, and 243 after 500 hour exposure at the various test temperatures.

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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un produit d'alliage d'aluminium et un procédé de production du produit d'alliage d'aluminium qui, dans certains modes de réalisation, comprend une bande d'alliage d'aluminium ayant au moins 0,8 % en poids de manganèse, au moins 0,6 % en poids de fer ou au moins 0,8 % en poids de manganèse et au moins 0,6 % en poids de fer. Une surface proche de la bande d'alliage d'aluminium, dans certains modes de réalisation, est substantiellement exempte de grandes particules ayant un diamètre équivalent d'au moins 50 micromètres et comprend de petites particules. Chaque petite particule, dans certains modes de réalisation, a un diamètre équivalent particulier qui est inférieur à 3 micromètres et une quantité par unité de surface des petites particules ayant le diamètre équivalent particulier est au moins 0,01 particule par micromètre carré à la surface proche de la bande d'alliage d'aluminium.
PCT/US2014/054588 2013-09-06 2014-09-08 Produits d'alliage d'aluminium et leurs procédés de production Ceased WO2015035318A1 (fr)

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JP2016540467A JP6594316B2 (ja) 2013-09-06 2014-09-08 アルミニウム合金製品及び該製品を製造する方法
RU2016112856A RU2648422C2 (ru) 2013-09-06 2014-09-08 Изделия из алюминиевого сплава и способы их получения
CA2923442A CA2923442C (fr) 2013-09-06 2014-09-08 Produits d'alliage d'aluminium et leurs procedes de production
MX2016002941A MX2016002941A (es) 2013-09-06 2014-09-08 Productos de aleacion de aluminio y metodos para generar los mismos.
KR1020197031352A KR102170006B1 (ko) 2013-09-06 2014-09-08 알루미늄 합금 제품 및 이의 제조 방법
CN201480060936.1A CN106164308B (zh) 2013-09-06 2014-09-08 铝合金产品及其制备方法
KR1020187021805A KR20180088521A (ko) 2013-09-06 2014-09-08 알루미늄 합금 제품 및 이의 제조 방법
AU2014317870A AU2014317870B2 (en) 2013-09-06 2014-09-08 Aluminum alloy products and methods for producing same
ES14841435T ES2793238T3 (es) 2013-09-06 2014-09-08 Productos de aleaciones de aluminio y métodos para producirlos
KR1020167007852A KR20160047541A (ko) 2013-09-06 2014-09-08 알루미늄 합금 제품 및 이의 제조 방법
EP14841435.2A EP3041967B1 (fr) 2013-09-06 2014-09-08 Produits d'alliage d'aluminium et leurs procédés de production
ZA2016/01729A ZA201601729B (en) 2013-09-06 2016-03-14 Aluminum alloy products and methods for producing same

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US61/874,828 2013-09-06

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BR112019007283B1 (pt) 2016-10-27 2022-06-07 Novelis Inc Método de produção de um produto de liga de alumínio, e, produto de liga de alumínio.
KR102332140B1 (ko) 2016-10-27 2021-11-29 노벨리스 인크. 두꺼운 게이지의 알루미늄 합금 물품을 제조하기 위한 시스템 및 방법
CA3041562C (fr) 2016-10-27 2022-06-14 Novelis Inc. Alliages d'aluminium de serie 6xxx haute resistance et procedes pour les fabriquer
CN108106913A (zh) * 2017-11-20 2018-06-01 东北大学 一种用于EBSD测试的Al-Si合金OPS抛光制样的方法
US12000031B2 (en) * 2018-03-14 2024-06-04 Novelis Inc. Metal products having improved surface properties and methods of making the same
WO2020097169A1 (fr) 2018-11-07 2020-05-14 Arconic Inc. Alliages d'aluminium-lithium de la série 2xxx
US10946437B2 (en) 2019-02-13 2021-03-16 Novelis Inc. Cast metal products with high grain circularity
EP4347155A1 (fr) * 2021-06-02 2024-04-10 Novelis, Inc. Conception d'embout pour coulée continue à haute performance
DE212023000234U1 (de) * 2022-05-06 2025-01-13 Materion Corporation Verstärkte Legierung für Bügel

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RU2648422C2 (ru) 2018-03-26
US20150071816A1 (en) 2015-03-12
US10633724B2 (en) 2020-04-28
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KR20180088521A (ko) 2018-08-03
CA2923442A1 (fr) 2015-03-12
RU2016112856A (ru) 2017-10-11
CN106164308A (zh) 2016-11-23
KR20160047541A (ko) 2016-05-02
JP6594316B2 (ja) 2019-10-23

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