WO2015029119A1 - 充電制御装置、電気自動車充電システム、及び電気自動車充電方法 - Google Patents
充電制御装置、電気自動車充電システム、及び電気自動車充電方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015029119A1 WO2015029119A1 PCT/JP2013/072764 JP2013072764W WO2015029119A1 WO 2015029119 A1 WO2015029119 A1 WO 2015029119A1 JP 2013072764 W JP2013072764 W JP 2013072764W WO 2015029119 A1 WO2015029119 A1 WO 2015029119A1
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- charging
- electric vehicle
- secondary battery
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- charge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
- B60L53/665—Methods related to measuring, billing or payment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J5/00—Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks and DC networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/80—Time limits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
- Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
- Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
- Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charging control device, an electric vehicle charging system, and an electric vehicle charging method.
- charging of the secondary battery (battery) of the electric vehicle is performed in a time zone in which the charging time and the electric charge are optimal.
- the time zone in which the electricity rate is optimal is a time zone in which the electricity rate is lower than other time zones, for example, a time zone in which midnight power with low power demand is supplied.
- Charging an electric vehicle in such a time zone can reduce the electricity bill for the user who performs the charging, and increase the power demand in the time zone when the electricity demand is low for the provider supplying electricity. Become.
- Patent Document 1 describes that an energy demand profile is derived from vehicle internal operation data, a future demand plan is created, and the vehicle's stop time and stop frequency are used using the demand plan. Describes a device that creates a charge plan that is optimal in terms of time and price for charging a vehicle based on the result of the comparison. Yes.
- the conventional electric vehicle is charged until the secondary battery is fully charged by being connected to the charging device. For this reason, in the state where the charging rate of the secondary battery of the electric vehicle is high, an optimal charge plan as described in Patent Document 1 is created, and charging is performed even when the secondary battery is charged.
- the electricity charge control effect is not high for the user, and the power demand for the power company that supplies the power does not increase during a time period when the power demand is low.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a charging control device and an electric vehicle charging capable of securing a free capacity of the secondary battery at a timing suitable for charging the secondary battery of the electric vehicle. It is an object to provide a system and a method for charging an electric vehicle.
- the charging control device, the electric vehicle charging system, and the electric vehicle charging method of the present invention employ the following means.
- the charge control device is a charge control device that controls a charging device that charges a secondary battery of an electric vehicle, and needs to predict the remaining charge power amount of the secondary battery.
- the charging is performed so as to charge the secondary battery without exceeding the charging power amount that is not less than the amount of power and is not depleted during a predetermined time from the start of charging the secondary battery. Control the device.
- the charging device has a remaining charge power amount of the secondary battery of the electric vehicle that is equal to or greater than the predicted required power amount, and does not run out of power between the start of charging the secondary battery and a predetermined time.
- the secondary battery is controlled to be charged without exceeding the charged power amount. For this reason, the secondary battery of the electric vehicle is not charged until it is fully charged, but is in a charged state that leaves a free capacity that can be charged.
- the predetermined time is, for example, a time at which a time period when the electricity rate is lower than the other time periods starts, that is, a time at which so-called midnight power can be used.
- this configuration can secure the free capacity of the secondary battery at a timing suitable for charging the secondary battery of the electric vehicle.
- the power consumption required from the start of charging the secondary battery to the predetermined time is predicted.
- the predicted value calculation means based on the power consumption information indicating the temporal change in the past power consumption of the electric vehicle.
- a predicted value of the amount of electric power is calculated.
- the calculated predicted value is, in other words, the amount of power that should be charged to the secondary battery in order not to run out of electricity even if the electric vehicle runs for a predetermined time.
- the secondary battery of the electric vehicle is charged by the control means so as to satisfy the calculated predicted value.
- the secondary battery of the electric vehicle has a free capacity that can be recharged because the charging is stopped at a charging power level that does not cause a shortage of electricity even when the electric vehicle is driven until a predetermined time thereafter. Will be.
- this configuration can reliably secure the free capacity of the secondary battery at a timing suitable for charging the secondary battery of the electric vehicle without causing the electric vehicle to run out of electricity.
- control unit controls the charging device so as to charge the secondary battery in a predetermined time zone.
- the secondary battery since the secondary battery is not fully charged in the charging based on the predicted value, the secondary battery is charged in a predetermined time zone, for example, a time zone where the power rate is cheaper than other time zones. By going to full charge, power in an arbitrary time zone can be used effectively.
- control unit controls the charging device to charge the secondary battery when surplus power is generated in an electric power system that supplies power to the charging device.
- Electric power generated by natural energy such as sunlight and wind power may increase excessively due to instability of natural energy. In such a case, if the excessively increased surplus power is not consumed, the amount of power generation is suppressed or consumed wastefully. According to this configuration, since the secondary battery is not fully charged by the charging based on the predicted value, when surplus power is generated in the power system, the secondary battery can be further charged. As a result, surplus power is consumed by charging the secondary battery, and thus this configuration can be used without wasting surplus power generated in the power system.
- the predicted value calculation means based on the power consumption information, an average value of past power consumption in a time interval from the start of charging the secondary battery to the predetermined time, and It is preferable that a variance value of past power consumption in the time interval is calculated, and the predicted value is calculated based on the average value and the variance value.
- the predicted value of the amount of power required by the electric vehicle by a predetermined time can be calculated with higher accuracy.
- An electric vehicle charging system includes a charging device that charges a secondary battery of an electric vehicle, and the above-described charging control device.
- An electric vehicle charging method is an electric vehicle charging method for controlling a charging device that charges a secondary battery of an electric vehicle, and it is necessary to predict the remaining charge energy of the secondary battery.
- the charging is performed so as to charge the secondary battery without exceeding the charging power amount that is not less than the amount of power and is not depleted during a predetermined time from the start of charging the secondary battery. Control the device.
- the free capacity of the secondary battery can be secured at a timing suitable for charging the secondary battery of the electric vehicle.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an electric vehicle charging system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a functional block diagram which shows the function of the charging device and management center in the electric vehicle charging system which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the electric vehicle charge process which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows an example of the relationship between the travel distance and time of the electric vehicle which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the power consumption pattern which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the power consumption density distribution which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle charging system 10 according to the first embodiment.
- the electric vehicle charging system 10 includes a charging device 12, a commercial power system 14 (power transmission network), and a management center 16.
- the charging device 12 charges a secondary battery 20 (see FIG. 2) of the electric vehicle 18. Is done.
- the electric vehicle 18 is not limited to an electric vehicle driven only by the electric power charged in the secondary battery 20, but is a hybrid vehicle that can charge the secondary battery 20 from the outside (plug-in). A hybrid vehicle).
- the charging device 12 performs power transmission for charging the secondary battery 20 to the electric vehicle 18 with the power supplied from the commercial power system 14.
- the charging device 12 is installed along the road on which the electric vehicle 18 travels, and is charged by a charging device 12-A for transmitting power to the traveling electric vehicle 18, a commercial parking lot such as temporary use or monthly use, and parking in a commercial facility.
- Charging device 12-B that is installed adjacent to the parking lot and transmits power to the parked electric vehicle 18, and charging that is installed adjacent to the parking lot of a general house and transmits power to the parked electric vehicle 18 Such as the device 12-C.
- the charging device 12 which concerns on this 1st Embodiment shall transmit electric power to the electric vehicle 18 by radio
- wireless power transmission such as electromagnetic waves (for example, microwave)
- the charging device 12 is wired transmission. May be transmitted to the electric vehicle 18.
- the charging device 12 transmits to the management center 16 vehicle information whose details will be described later and charging power amount information indicating the amount of power charged in the electric vehicle 18.
- vehicle information is information transmitted from the electric vehicle 18 to the charging device 12.
- the management center 16 controls the charging device 12 to transmit power to the electric vehicle 18 based on the vehicle information transmitted from the charging device 12.
- the electric vehicle charging system 10 according to the first embodiment is configured to charge and pay an electric bill based on the power consumption information consumed by each charging device 12 between the management center 16 and the electric utility 22. Between the management center 16 and the owner of the electric vehicle 18 (including contractors, individuals, and corporations that can use the charging device 12) based on the charging power amount information transmitted to the management center 16. The charging service fee is charged and paid.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing functions related to the functions of the charging device 12 and the management center 16 in the electric vehicle charging system 10.
- the electric vehicle 18 includes a power consumption storage unit 30, a transmission unit 32, and a power reception unit 34 along with the secondary battery 20.
- the power consumption storage unit 30 sequentially stores temporal changes in the power consumption of the electric vehicle 18.
- the time change of the power consumption is stored in the power consumption storage unit 30 in units of minutes, for example.
- the transmission unit 32 transmits vehicle information including ID (Identification) information unique to the electric vehicle 18 and power consumption information indicating a temporal change in the past power consumption stored in the power consumption storage unit 30 to the charging device 12.
- ID information is information for specifying the electric vehicle 18 and is associated with information indicating the owner of the electric vehicle 18 (for example, the address and name of the owner).
- the power consumption amount information transmitted to the charging device 12 is a temporal change in the power consumption amount between the previous transmission timing and the new transmission timing.
- the power consumption amount storage unit 30 may delete the time change of the transmitted power consumption amount each time vehicle information is transmitted from the transmission unit 32 to the charging device 12. In addition, after it is confirmed that the charging device 12 has received the power consumption information, the transmitted power consumption stored in the power consumption storage unit 30 may be deleted.
- the power consumption stored in the electric vehicle 18 is deleted, so that the storage capacity of the power consumption storage unit 30 can be reduced.
- difference information indicating a difference from the previously transmitted power consumption may be transmitted to the management center 16.
- This difference information may be calculated by the electric vehicle 18 or may be calculated by the charging device 12.
- the power receiving unit 34 receives power transmitted from the charging device 12 and charges the secondary battery 20.
- the electric vehicle 18 that receives power by wireless power transmission includes a power receiving unit 34 on the roof.
- the charging device 12 includes a receiving unit 36 and a power transmission unit 38.
- the receiving unit 36 receives vehicle information from the electric vehicle 18 and outputs the vehicle information to the charging control device 40 provided in the management center 16.
- the power transmission unit 38 receives a charge command indicating the amount of power transmitted to the electric vehicle 18 from the charge control device 40 and transmits power to the power reception unit 34 based on the charge command. In addition, the power transmission unit 38 outputs charging power amount information to the charging control device 40 after power transmission to the electric vehicle 18 is completed.
- the management center 16 includes a charge control device 40.
- the charge control device 40 When the charge control device 40 has a remaining charge power amount of the secondary battery 20 of the electric vehicle 18 that is equal to or greater than the predicted required power amount and does not run out of power between the start of charging the secondary battery 20 and a predetermined time.
- the charging device 12 is controlled so as to charge the secondary battery 20 without exceeding the amount of charged power. By this control, the secondary battery 20 of the electric vehicle 18 is not fully charged, but is in a charged state that leaves a free capacity that can be charged.
- the predetermined time is, for example, a time at which a time period when the electricity rate is lower than other time periods, that is, a time when supply of midnight power is started, and is periodically applied to the secondary battery 20 of the electric vehicle 18.
- Charging time hereinafter referred to as “periodic charging start time”.
- the charging control device 40 includes a vehicle information storage unit 42, a predicted value calculation unit 44, a charging device control unit 46, and a charging unit 48.
- the vehicle information storage unit 42 stores the vehicle information output from the charging device 12 for each electric vehicle 18 based on the ID information included in the vehicle information. Thereby, new power consumption information is added to the power consumption information for each electric vehicle 18 stored in the vehicle information storage unit 42 every time the vehicle information is input.
- the predicted value calculation unit 44 calculates a predicted value of the amount of power required from the start of charging the secondary battery 20 to the regular charging start time.
- the predicted required power amount is calculated for each electric vehicle 18. That is, the predicted required power amount is the amount of power that should be charged to the secondary battery 20 in order not to run out of electricity even if the electric vehicle 18 is run until the regular charging start time. Note that a value obtained by adding a tolerance (for example, 10% of the calculated predicted value) for more reliably preventing the electric vehicle 18 from running out of electricity to the predicted value calculated by the predicted value calculation unit 44 needs to be predicted. It may be the amount of electric power.
- the charging device control unit 46 controls the charging device 12 to charge the secondary battery 20 of the electric vehicle 18 so as to satisfy the predicted required power amount calculated by the predicted value calculation unit 44. Specifically, the charging device control unit 46 calculates a charging command indicating the charging time and charging power for the electric vehicle 18 that satisfies the predicted required power amount, and outputs the charging command to the power transmission unit 38 of the charging device 12.
- the charging device control unit 46 controls the charging device 12 so as to charge the secondary battery 20 of the electric vehicle 18 in a predetermined time zone.
- the predetermined time zone is, for example, a time zone in which the secondary battery 20 is periodically charged using midnight power, and is hereinafter referred to as a “periodic charging time zone”.
- the charging unit 48 calculates a charging service fee for the owner of each electric vehicle 18 based on the charging power amount information for each electric vehicle 18 output from the charging device 12.
- the charging service fee is determined by various methods, for example, calculated by multiplying the charging power amount for each electric vehicle 18 by a predetermined value on a monthly basis, or a fixed amount regardless of the charging power amount.
- the management center 16 charges the charging service fee to the owner of the electric vehicle 18 by withdrawing a charging service fee from a bank account registered in advance or issuing a bill.
- the charging control device 40 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and a computer-readable recording medium.
- a series of processes for realizing various functions of the predicted value calculation unit 44 and the charging device control unit 46 is recorded in a recording medium or the like in the form of a program as an example, and the CPU stores the program in a RAM or the like.
- Various functions are realized by reading and executing information processing / arithmetic processing.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing (electric vehicle charging processing) performed by the charging control device 40 when the electric vehicle 18 is located at a predetermined charging position and charging of the secondary battery 20 is started.
- the predetermined charging position is, for example, a range in which the charging device 12-A adjacent to the road can charge the electric vehicle 18 that is traveling, or a parking position where the charging devices 12-B and 12-C are adjacent.
- step 100 it is determined whether or not the vehicle information from the electric vehicle 18 is input via the charging device 12. If the determination is affirmative, the process proceeds to step 102. If the determination is negative, the vehicle information is Wait until input. When new vehicle information is input, new power consumption information included in the vehicle information is added to the power consumption information for each electric vehicle 18 stored in the vehicle information storage unit 42.
- step 102 it is determined whether or not the current time is the regular charging time zone. If the determination is affirmative, the process proceeds to step 114. If the determination is negative, the process proceeds to step 104.
- step 104 the predicted value calculation unit 44 calculates the required power consumption.
- the predicted value calculation unit 44 reads power consumption information corresponding to the ID information included in the input vehicle information from the vehicle information storage unit 42. Based on the read power consumption information, the predicted value calculation unit 44 averages the past (for example, several years) power consumption in the time interval from the start of charging the secondary battery 20 to the regular charge start time. And a variance value of past power consumption in the time interval is calculated. Then, the predicted value calculation unit 44 calculates the required predicted electric energy based on the calculated average value and variance value.
- the start of charging the secondary battery 20 is the time when the electric vehicle 18 is located at the charging position for charging, that is, the time when the vehicle information is transmitted from the electric vehicle 18 to the charging device 12. In the following description, “when charging of the secondary battery 20 starts” is also expressed as “current”.
- a standard deviation is used as the variance value.
- 3 ⁇ is used as the standard deviation, but not limited to this, ⁇ , 2 ⁇ , 4 ⁇ , or the like may be used as the standard deviation. Note that, by using 3 ⁇ as the standard deviation, the predicted required power amount that takes into account the case where the power consumption amount of the electric vehicle 18 suddenly becomes excessive is calculated.
- Equation (1) is an example of an arithmetic expression for calculating the predicted required electric energy using the Pais's theorem.
- Equation (1) is a standard of the historical density of power consumption at the time, day of the week, day, and month as the best estimate of the historical density of power consumption from the current time t1 to the regular charging start time t2.
- the predicted required power amount P is calculated by adding the deviation.
- the best estimated value is a conditional probability distribution, and more specifically, an average value between the current time t1 of the day of the week, the day, and the month and the periodic charging start time t2.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the travel distance of the electric vehicle 18 and the time.
- the mileage is extended in the early morning and evening on weekdays when the electric vehicle 18 is used for commuting. become longer.
- the relationship between the travel distance and time of the electric vehicle 18 differs between weekdays and weekends.
- the electric vehicle 18 is also used for an air conditioner provided in the electric vehicle 18 with the charging power of the secondary battery 20. For this reason, even in the same mileage, the power consumption of the electric vehicle 18 is larger in the summer and winter than in the spring and autumn, and the power consumption varies depending on the month even at the same time and day of the week. .
- the predicted value calculation unit 44 calculates the standard deviation according to the time, day of the week, day, and month, and adds the standard deviation to the average required power amount P. Take into account changes in time, day of week, day, and month. Thereby, the predicted value calculation unit 44 can calculate the predicted required power amount P with higher accuracy.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing an example of the relationship (power consumption pattern) between the power consumption of the electric vehicle 18 and the time.
- the vehicle information storage unit 42 stores, for each electric vehicle 18 as power consumption information, the relationship between power consumption and time as shown in FIG. 5 for each Sunday, day, and month.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between power consumption density and time (power consumption density distribution).
- the power consumption density increases with time.
- the power consumption density also becomes constant.
- the power consumption density decreases with time.
- the electric vehicle 18 stops that is, when the electric vehicle 18 does not consume power
- the power consumption density is 0 (zero).
- the power consumption density at a predetermined time interval (for example, from the current time t1 to the regular charging start time t2) is referred to as a time history density.
- the predicted value calculation unit 44 calculates the average value and the standard deviation of the power consumption based on the time history density of the power consumption. As a result, the predicted required electric energy P that can more reliably prevent the electric vehicle 18 from running out until the regular charging start time t2 is calculated.
- step 106 it is determined whether or not the predicted required power amount P is equal to or less than the current remaining charge power amount P now of the secondary battery 20, and in the case of an affirmative determination No charging is required, and the process proceeds to step 112. If the determination is negative, charging is necessary and the process proceeds to step 108.
- step 108 the charging device control unit 46 calculates a charge command based on the difference between the predicted required power and the remaining charge power amount so that the remaining charge power amount of the secondary battery 20 satisfies the predicted required power amount. .
- step 110 the charging device control unit 46 outputs the calculated charging command to the charging device 12 and proceeds to step 112.
- the charging device 12 transmits the electromagnetic wave indicated by the charging command from the power transmission unit 38.
- the electric vehicle 18 charges the secondary battery 20 with the power received by the power reception unit 34.
- step 110 the secondary battery 20 of the electric vehicle 18 is stopped from charging with the predicted required power that is not depleted even if the electric vehicle 18 is driven until the regular charging start time thereafter. This means that there is a free capacity that can be further charged without being fully charged.
- step 112 it is determined whether or not the current time is the periodic charging start time. If the determination is affirmative, the process proceeds to step 114. If the determination is negative, the process waits until the periodic charging start time.
- step 114 the charging device control unit 46 calculates a charging command for fully charging the secondary battery 20.
- charging device control unit 46 outputs the calculated charging command to charging device 12.
- the charging device 12 transmits the electromagnetic wave indicated by the charging command from the power transmission unit 38.
- electromagnetic waves are transmitted from the power transmission unit 38 of the charging device 12, the electric vehicle 18 charges the secondary battery 20 with the power received by the power reception unit 34.
- step 116 the secondary battery 20 of the electric vehicle 18 is fully charged in the regular charging time zone.
- step 116 the electric vehicle charging process is finished.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing a simulation result of the remaining charge energy of the secondary battery 20 when the current time becomes the regular charge start time.
- the average travel distance is 30 km / day
- weekdays are ⁇ 15 km / day of variation
- weekends are ⁇ 30 km / day of variation
- power consumption is 10 km / kWh
- air conditioners are used according to the season. We expect performance degradation at the time.
- the charging power capacity of the secondary battery 20 is 16 kWh.
- the remaining charge energy of the secondary battery 20 is 11.5 kWh on average and the standard deviation is 2.3 kWh, and the remaining charge energy is 0 (zero) before the regular charging start time, The probability of becoming 1.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 .
- This probability is a probability of running out of electric power 0.004 times after traveling for 10 years, and is a value that causes no problem in using the electric vehicle 18.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the charging status of the secondary battery 20 for each hour.
- FIG. 8 shows a charging state corresponding to the simulation result of FIG. 7, and the rate of charging using the late-night power from 23:00 to 7:00 became very high. Specifically, the amount of power charged in the daytime is 0.1 kWh, while the amount of power charged using midnight power is 4.0 kWh.
- the secondary battery 20 is not fully charged in the charging based on the predicted required electric energy, and the secondary battery 20 is charged in the regular charging time zone. Can be fully charged, so that power in an arbitrary time zone can be used effectively.
- the charge control device 40 determines the remaining charge power amount of the secondary battery 20 of the electric vehicle 18 from the start of charging the secondary battery 20 to the regular charge start time.
- the charging device 12 is controlled so that the secondary battery 20 is charged without exceeding the amount of charging power that is assumed not to run out during the period. Therefore, the charging control device 40 according to the first embodiment can secure the free capacity of the secondary battery 20 at a timing suitable for charging the secondary battery 20 of the electric vehicle 18.
- FIG. 9 shows a configuration of the electric vehicle charging system 10 according to the second embodiment.
- the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG.
- a solar cell 50 and a wind power generator 52 are connected to generate electric power using natural energy such as sunlight and wind power.
- the power transmission network is provided with a power measuring device 54 that measures the power of the power system 14.
- the power measuring device 54 outputs surplus power information indicating that surplus power has occurred in the power system 14 to the management center 16 when the measurement result is larger than the reference power.
- FIG. 10 is a functional block diagram showing functions of the charging device 12 and the management center 16 in the electric vehicle charging system 10 according to the second embodiment.
- the same components as those in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG.
- the management center 16 includes a surplus power determination unit 60.
- the surplus power determination unit 60 determines whether surplus power has been generated when the power generation amount exceeds the power demand. Specifically, the surplus power determination unit 60 determines that surplus power is generated when surplus power information is received from the power measurement device 54.
- the charge control device 40 When the surplus power determination unit 60 determines that surplus power has been generated in the power system 14, the charge control device 40 according to the second embodiment is charged so as to charge the secondary battery 20 of the electric vehicle 18. The device 12 is controlled. Since the secondary battery 20 is not fully charged in the charging based on the predicted required electric energy, when the surplus power is generated in the power system 14, the secondary battery 20 can be further charged. As a result, surplus power is consumed by charging the secondary battery 20, so the electric vehicle charging system 10 according to the second embodiment does not waste surplus power generated in the power system 14. Available.
- the electric vehicle 18 may be charged by wired power transmission by inserting a plug provided in the charging device 12.
- the plug is always inserted into the electric vehicle 18 positioned at the charging position.
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Abstract
Description
算出される予測値は、すなわち、所定時間まで電気自動車を走行させても電欠にさせないために、二次電池へ充電されるべき電力量である。
本構成によれば、予測値に基づいた充電では二次電池は満充電とされないので、電力系統に余剰電力が発生した場合に、二次電池への更なる充電が可能である。これにより、二次電池への充電によって余剰電力が消費されることとなるため、本構成は、電力系統に発生した余剰電力を無駄にすることなく利用できる。
以下、本発明の第1実施形態について説明する。
電気自動車充電システム10は、充電装置12、商用の電力系統14(送電網)、及び管理センター16を含んで構成され、充電装置12によって電気自動車18の二次電池20(図2参照)が充電される。なお、電気自動車18は、二次電池20に充電された電力のみで駆動する電気自動車に限らず、ハイブリッド自動車であって二次電池20へ外部からの充電が可能とされている自動車(プラグインハイブリッド自動車)でもよい。
充電装置12は、電気自動車18が走行する道路に沿って設置され、走行中の電気自動車18へ送電を行う充電装置12-A、一時利用又は月極め利用等の商用の駐車場や商業施設の駐車場に隣接して設置され、駐車されている電気自動車18へ送電を行う充電装置12-B、及び一般家屋の駐車場に隣接して設置され、駐車されている電気自動車18へ送電を行う充電装置12-C等である。
なお、本第1実施形態に係る充電装置12は、電磁波(例えばマイクロ波)等の無線送電によって電気自動車18への送電を行うものとするが、これに限らず、充電装置12は、有線送電によって電気自動車18へ送電してもよい。
また、本第1実施形態に係る電気自動車充電システム10は、管理センター16と電気事業主22との間では、各充電装置12で消費された消費電力量情報に基づいて電気代の請求及び支払いが行われ、管理センター16と電気自動車18の所有者(充電装置12を利用可能な契約者、個人及び法人を含む。)との間では、管理センター16へ送信された充電電力量情報に基づいて、充電サービス代の請求及び支払いが行われる。
なお、ID情報は、電気自動車18を特定する情報であって、電気自動車18の所有者を示す情報(例えば所有者の住所及び氏名等)に関連付けられている。
消費電力量記憶部30は、送信部32から充電装置12へ車両情報が送信される度に、送信した消費電力量の時間変化を削除してもよい。また、充電装置12が消費電力量情報を受信したことが確認されてから、消費電力量記憶部30に記憶されている送信済みの消費電力量が削除されてもよい。
また、送電部38は、電気自動車18への送電が終了した後、充電電力量情報を充電制御装置40へ出力する。
これにより、車両情報記憶部42に記憶されている電気自動車18毎の消費電力情報は、車両情報が入力される度に、新たな消費電力情報が追加される。
予測必要電力量は、すなわち、定期充電開始時刻まで電気自動車18を走行させても電欠させないために、二次電池20へ充電されるべき電力量である。
なお、予測値演算部44で算出された予測値に電気自動車18が電欠することをより確実に防止するための裕度(例えば算出した予測値の10%)を加算した値が、予測必要電力量とされてもよい。
具体的には、充電装置制御部46は、予測必要電力量を満たす電気自動車18への充電時間及び充電電力を示す充電指令を算出し、充電装置12の送電部38へ出力する。
管理センター16は、電気自動車18の所有者に対して、充電サービス料を予め登録された銀行口座から月毎に引き落としたり、請求書を発行することによって、充電サービス代を請求する。
予測値演算部44は、読み出した消費電力情報に基づいて、二次電池20への充電の開始時から定期充電開始時刻までの時間間隔における過去(例えば数年分)の消費電力量の平均値、及び該時間間隔における過去の消費電力量の分散値を算出する。そして、予測値演算部44は、算出した平均値と分散値とに基づいて予測必要電力量を算出する。
なお、二次電池20への充電の開始時は、充電のために電気自動車18が充電位置に位置した時刻、すなわち車両情報が電気自動車18から充電装置12へ送信された時刻である。以下の説明では、「二次電池20への充電の開始時」を「現在」とも表現する。
なお、最良推定値は、条件付き確率分布であり、より具体的には、その曜日、日、及び月の現在時刻t1から定期充電開始時刻t2の間の平均値である。
また、電気自動車18は、二次電池20の充電電力を電気自動車18が備える空気調和装置にも用いる。このため、同じ走行距離であっても春季及び秋季に比べ、夏季及び冬季の方が電気自動車18の消費電力量が多くなり、同じ時刻及び曜日であっても月によって、その消費電力量は異なる。
車両情報記憶部42は、消費電力情報として電気自動車18毎に、図5に示されるような消費電力と時刻との関係を、日曜日、日、及び月毎に記憶している。
なお、所定時間間隔(例えば、現在時刻t1から定期充電開始時刻t2まで)の消費電力密度を時歴密度という。
これより、定期充電開始時刻t2までにおける電気自動車18の電欠をより確実に防止できる予測必要電力量Pが算出されることとなる。
充電装置12は、充電指令が入力されると充電指令により示される電磁波を送電部38から送電する。充電装置12の送電部38から電磁波が送電されると、電気自動車18は、受電部34で受電した電力を二次電池20へ充電する。
充電装置12は、充電指令が入力されると充電指令により示される電磁波を送電部38から送電する。充電装置12の送電部38から電磁波が送電されると、電気自動車18は、受電部34で受電した電力を二次電池20へ充電する。
このシミュレーションは、走行距離を平均30km/日とすると共に、平日は±15km/日のばらつきとし、土日は±30km/日のばらつきとし、電費を10km/kWhとし、季節に応じて空気調和機使用時の性能低下を見込んでいる。そして、二次電池20の充電電力容量は、16kWhとされている。
図8は、図7のシミュレーション結果に応じた充電状況であり、23時から7時までの深夜電力を用いた充電の割合が非常に高くなった。具体的には、昼間に充電される電力量が0.1kWhである一方、深夜電力を用いて充電される電力量が4.0kWhである。
従って、本第1実施形態に係る充電制御装置40は、電気自動車18の二次電池20への充電に適したタイミングにおいて、二次電池20の空き容量を確保できる。
以下、本発明の第2実施形態について説明する。
電力計測装置54は、基準となる電力よりも計測結果が大きい場合に、電力系統14に余剰電力が発生したことを示す余剰電力情報を管理センター16へ出力する。
余剰電力判定部60は、発電量が電力需要を上回ることで、余剰電力が発生したか否かを判定する。具体的には、余剰電力判定部60は、電力計測装置54から余剰電力情報を受信した場合に、余剰電力が発生していると判定する。
予測必要電力量に基づいた充電では二次電池20は満充電とされないので、電力系統14に余剰電力が発生した場合に、二次電池20への更なる充電が可能である。これにより、二次電池20への充電によって余剰電力が消費されることとなるため、本第2実施形態に係る電気自動車充電システム10は、電力系統14に発生した余剰電力を無駄にすることなく利用できる。
12 充電装置
14 電力系統
18 電気自動車
20 二次電池
40 充電制御装置
44 予測値演算部
46 充電装置制御部
Claims (7)
- 電気自動車の二次電池へ充電を行う充電装置を制御する充電制御装置であって、
前記二次電池の残充電電力量を、予測必要電力量以上であり、前記二次電池への充電の開始時から所定時間までの間に電欠しないとされる充電電力量以上とすることなく、前記二次電池へ充電を行うように前記充電装置を制御する充電制御装置。 - 前記電気自動車の過去の消費電力量の時間変化を示す消費電力情報に基づいて、前記二次電池への充電の開始時から前記所定時間までに必要とする電力量の予測値を算出する予測値演算手段と、
前記予測値演算手段によって算出された前記予測値を満たすように、前記二次電池へ充電を行うように前記充電装置を制御する制御手段と、
を備える請求項1記載の充電制御装置。 - 前記制御手段は、所定時間帯に、前記二次電池へ充電を行うように前記充電装置を制御する請求項2記載の充電制御装置。
- 前記制御手段は、前記充電装置へ電力の供給を行う電力系統に余剰電力が発生した場合、前記二次電池へ充電を行うように前記充電装置を制御する請求項2又は請求項3記載の充電制御装置。
- 前記予測値演算手段は、前記消費電力情報に基づいて、前記二次電池への充電の開始時から前記所定時間までの時間間隔における過去の消費電力量の平均値、及び該時間間隔における過去の消費電力量の分散値を算出し、前記平均値と前記分散値とに基づいて前記予測値を算出する請求項2から請求項4の何れか1項記載の充電制御装置。
- 電気自動車の二次電池へ充電を行う充電装置と、
請求項1から請求項5の何れか1項記載の充電制御装置と、
を備える電気自動車充電システム。 - 電気自動車の二次電池へ充電を行う充電装置を制御する電気自動車充電方法であって、
前記二次電池の残充電電力量を、予測必要電力量以上であり、前記二次電池への充電の開始時から所定時間までの間に電欠しないとされる充電電力量以上とすることなく、前記二次電池へ充電を行うように前記充電装置を制御する電気自動車充電方法。
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| PCT/JP2013/072764 WO2015029119A1 (ja) | 2013-08-26 | 2013-08-26 | 充電制御装置、電気自動車充電システム、及び電気自動車充電方法 |
| PH12016500187A PH12016500187A1 (en) | 2013-08-26 | 2016-01-26 | Charging control device, electric vehicle charging system, and electric vehicle charging method |
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| CN102593913A (zh) * | 2012-03-06 | 2012-07-18 | 华北电力大学 | 一种用于非峰期充电的设备及方法 |
| CN102593914A (zh) * | 2012-03-06 | 2012-07-18 | 华北电力大学 | 一种用于定时充电的设备及方法 |
| CN102593915A (zh) * | 2012-03-06 | 2012-07-18 | 郭春林 | 一种用于谷期充电的设备及方法 |
| CN102569928B (zh) * | 2012-03-06 | 2014-12-17 | 华北电力大学 | 一种用于最低谷充电的设备及方法 |
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| JP2011188731A (ja) * | 2010-02-15 | 2011-09-22 | Denso Corp | プラグイン車両の充電制御装置 |
| JP2012228005A (ja) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-11-15 | Denso Corp | 車両用充電制御装置 |
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