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WO2015020782A1 - Système de presse mécanique et procédé d'élimination de sel l'utilisant - Google Patents

Système de presse mécanique et procédé d'élimination de sel l'utilisant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015020782A1
WO2015020782A1 PCT/US2014/047414 US2014047414W WO2015020782A1 WO 2015020782 A1 WO2015020782 A1 WO 2015020782A1 US 2014047414 W US2014047414 W US 2014047414W WO 2015020782 A1 WO2015020782 A1 WO 2015020782A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
press body
mixture
dendritic
during
salt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2014/047414
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Zachary William KOSSLOW
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas LLC
Original Assignee
GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas LLC filed Critical GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas LLC
Publication of WO2015020782A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015020782A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/005—Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B13/00—Methods of pressing not special to the use of presses of any one of the preceding main groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/06—Platens or press rams
    • B30B15/062—Press plates
    • B30B15/064—Press plates with heating or cooling means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/34—Disposal of solid waste
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/34—Disposal of solid waste
    • G21F9/36—Disposal of solid waste by packaging; by baling

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for removing salts from electrolytically-reduced metals.
  • metal oxides may be obtained from spent nuclear material and electrolytically reduced to their metallic form.
  • the resulting metal from the electrolytic reduction step may be in the form of a dendritic structure (e.g., cake), which resembles a porous metal sponge with a relatively high surface area.
  • the dendritic structure will also have a relatively large amount of salt adhered to and included therein from the electrolytic reduction step.
  • a cathode processor is conventionally used to subject the mixture to relatively high temperatures to vaporize the salt.
  • the relatively high temperatures will also vaporize volatile contaminants and radioactive materials within the mixture, which requires relatively expensive equipment to clean up the offgas from such a process while also increasing the risk of an accidental release of such materials.
  • a mechanical press system may include an upper press body including a curved bottom portion and an upper lip portion surrounding the curved bottom portion; a first heater within the upper press body; a lower press body aligned below the upper press body, the lower press body including a top portion and a lower lip portion surrounding the top portion, the upper press body and lower press body configured to come together during a compression state and configured to move apart during a decompression state; a second heater within the lower press body; and a containment band configured to rest on the lower lip portion of the lower press body and to surround the upper lip portion of the upper press body during the compression state and configured to separate from the upper press body and the lower press body during the decompression state.
  • a method of removing salt from a dendritic mixture may include loading the dendritic mixture into a mechanical press system, the dendritic mixture including a metallic dendrite and the salt dispersed within the metallic dendrite; heating the dendritic mixture to liquefy the salt without volatilizing one or more metals of the metallic dendrite; and compressing the dendritic mixture to obtain a fluidic mixture and an ingot of the metallic dendrite, the fluidic mixture including molten salt and residual metallic dendrite.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a loading phase of a method of removing salt from a dendritic mixture using a mechanical press system according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a compression phase of a method of removing salt from a dendritic mixture using a mechanical press system according to an example embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a decompression phase of a method of removing salt from a dendritic mixture using a mechanical press system according to an example embodiment.
  • spatially relative terms e.g., "beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” and the like
  • the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the term “below” may encompass both an orientation of above and below.
  • the device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
  • Example embodiments are described herein with reference to cross- sectional illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments (and intermediate structures) of example embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, example embodiments should not be construed as limited to the shapes of regions illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, an implanted region illustrated as a rectangle will, typically, have rounded or curved features and/or a gradient of implant concentration at its edges rather than a binary change from implanted to non-implanted region.
  • a buried region formed by implantation may result in some implantation in the region between the buried region and the surface through which the implantation takes place.
  • the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the actual shape of a region of a device and are not intended to limit the scope of example embodiments.
  • FIGS. 1-3 show a mechanical press system and a method of removing salt using the same.
  • a mechanical press system may include an upper press body 120 including a curved bottom portion and an upper lip portion surrounding the curved bottom portion.
  • a first heater 122 may be arranged within the upper press body 120.
  • a lower press body 1 10 may be aligned below the upper press body 120.
  • the lower press body 1 10 may include a top portion and a lower lip portion 1 12 surrounding the top portion.
  • the upper press body 120 and lower press body 1 10 are configured to come together during a compression state (FIG. 2) and configured to move apart during a decompression state (FIG. 3).
  • a second heater 1 16 and a third heater 118 may be arranged within the lower press body 110.
  • a containment band 106 is configured to rest on the lower lip portion 1 12 of the lower press body 1 10 and to surround the upper lip portion of the upper press body 120 during the compression state (FIG. 2). The containment band 106 is also configured to separate from the upper press body 120 and the lower press body 110 during the decompression state (FIG. 3).
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a loading phase of a method of removing salt from a dendritic mixture using a mechanical press system according to an example embodiment.
  • a dendritic mixture 102 is supplied to the mechanical press system with a dispensing apparatus 100.
  • the containment band 106 and the lower press body 1 10 together define a receptacle for receiving the dendritic mixture 102.
  • the dendritic mixture 102 may be a combination of metallic dendrite with salt dispersed within the metallic dendrite.
  • the dendritic mixture is illustrated as being dispensed in a first direction 104, it should be understood that the dispensing may be performed in another direction depending on the system design.
  • a sieve 114 may be aligned below a periphery of the lower press body 1 10.
  • the hole/opening/perf oration size of the sieve 1 14 is less than an average particle size of the metallic dendrite of the dendritic mixture 102.
  • the top portion and the lower lip portion 1 12 of the lower press body 110 form a notch therebetween.
  • the notch is configured to receive and hold the containment band 106 during the loading state (FIG. 1) and the compression state (FIG. 2).
  • the lower lip portion 112 may be in a form of continuous structure that completely surrounds the top portion of the lower press body 1 10.
  • openings may be provided in the bottom of the notch to allow molten salt to pass during the compression state.
  • the lower lip portion 112 may be in a form of a plurality of intermittent structures that are spaced around the top portion of the lower press body 110 in a manner that is adequate to receive and hold the containment band 106.
  • two or more (e.g., three, four, five, six, seven, eight, etc.) intermittent structures may be evenly spaced around the top portion of the lower press body 1 10, although example embodiments are not limited thereto.
  • the length of the intermittent structures may be relatively long so as to be greater than the space between them. In another example, the length of the intermittent structures may be relatively short so as to be less than the space between them.
  • the head of the lower press body 1 10 may be in a form of a disc, wherein the area of the top surface is less than that of the opposing bottom surface. As a result, a side surface of the head of the lower press body 1 10 may slope outwards from the top surface to the opposing bottom surface. Consequently, a cross-section of the head of the lower press body 1 10 may have a trapezoidal shape as shown in FIG. 1. In such an example, the lower lip portion 112 may be mounted on the side surface of the head of the lower press body 1 10.
  • the angle between the upper side surface of the head of the lower press body 110 and the lower lip portion 112 is not particularly limited as long as the resulting notch is sufficient to support and maintain the integrity of the containment band 106 during the compression state.
  • the lower press body 1 10 may have a continuous curved or rounded top portion instead of one that has a binary change from a flat top surface to a sloping side surface.
  • the containment band 106 may be in a form of an open-ended cylinder, although other shapes are possible as long as the containment band 106 fits in the notch formed by the top portion and the lower lip portion 1 12 of the lower press body 110.
  • the fit between the containment band 106 and the lower press body 1 10 should be adequate to prevent the metallic dendrite of the dendritic mixture from passing therebetween during the loading state.
  • the containment band 106 also includes a handle structure 108 on an exterior surface of the containment band 106.
  • the handle structure 108 may be in a form of continuous structure that completely surrounds the containment band 106. Alternatively, the handle structure 108 may be in a form of a plurality of intermittent structures that are spaced around the containment band 106.
  • two or more (e.g., three, four, five, six, seven, eight, etc.) intermittent structures may be evenly spaced around the containment band 106, although example embodiments are not limited thereto.
  • the length of the intermittent structures may be relatively long so as to be greater than the space between them. In another example, the length of the intermittent structures may be relatively short so as to be less than the space between them.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a compression phase of a method of removing salt from a dendritic mixture using a mechanical press system according to an example embodiment.
  • the dendritic mixture 102 is subjected to heat and compression by the upper press body 120 and the lower press body 110.
  • the heat is provided by at least the first heater 122, second heater 116, and third heater 118.
  • FIG. 2 shows the upper press body 120 as having one heater and the lower press body 110 as having two heaters, it should be understood that example embodiments are not limited thereto.
  • the heating of the dendritic mixture 102 may begin during the loading state via the lower press body 110. Alternatively, the heating of the dendritic mixture 102 may be postponed until the compression state such that the heating is initiated by both the upper press body 120 and the lower press body 110.
  • the upper press body 120 may be configured to be stationary, while the lower press body 110 may be configured to move toward the upper press body 120 in a second direction 1 19 during the compression state (FIG. 2) and to move away from the upper press body 120 in a fifth direction 135 during the decompression state (FIG. 3).
  • FIG. 2 the compression state
  • FIG. 3 the decompression state
  • example embodiments are not limited thereto.
  • the configuration may be reversed, with the upper press body 120 being moveable and the lower press body 1 10 being stationary.
  • both the upper press body 120 and the lower press body 1 10 may be moveable.
  • the compression of the dendritic mixture 102 by the upper press body 120 and the lower press body 110 may occur continuously or in stages.
  • compressing in stages may include a first stage where the upper press body 120 and the lower press body 110 are moved toward each other to exert a first pressure on the dendritic mixture 102, followed by a pause while maintaining the heating and first pressure, and then a second stage where the upper press body 120 and the lower press body 110 are moved even closer together to exert a greater second pressure on the dendritic mixture 102, etc.
  • the curved bottom portion of the upper press body 120 may have a shape that corresponds to a partial surface of a sphere.
  • the upper lip portion of the upper press body 120 is angled so as to point toward the containment band 106 during the compression state.
  • the upper lip portion of the upper press body 120 is angled downwards and outwards toward the containment band 106 during the compression state.
  • the size and shape of the upper press body 120 and the containment band 106 are configured such that the upper press body 120 will fit relatively closely within the interior of the containment band 106 during the compression state. The fit should be adequate such that only a relatively small amount (if any) of the dendritic mixture 102 will forced out from between the upper press body 120 and the containment band 106 during the compression state.
  • the fluidic mixture 124 includes the molten salt along with residual metallic dendrite of a relatively small size that managed to pass between the containment band 106 and the lower press body 1 10.
  • the fluidic mixture 124 may be filtered by a sieve 1 14 that has holes/openings/perforations that are smaller than an average particle size of the residual metallic dendrite so as to capture the residual metallic dendrite 126 while allowing the molten salt 128 to pass.
  • the molten salt 128 may be recycled for reuse in an electrolytic reduction system.
  • the sieve 1 14 may have a shape that corresponds with the periphery of the lower press body 110. For instance, in an example where the periphery of the lower press body 1 10 is round, the sieve 114 may be ring-shaped.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a decompression phase of a method of removing salt from a dendritic mixture using a mechanical press system according to an example embodiment.
  • a support arm 130 is configured to extend in a third direction 132 and fourth direction 134 toward the containment band 106 and engage the handle structure 108.
  • the support arm 130 may include as many members as needed to support and/or stabilize the containment band 106.
  • the support arm 130 may also be configured to move the containment band 106.
  • the lower press body 1 10 is moved in a fifth direction 135 away from the upper press body 120, thereby exposing the ingot 144 on the lower press body 1 10.
  • a receiving structure 136 is configured to extend in a sixth direction 138 toward the lower press body 1 10 such that the top portion of the lower press body 110 is aligned with an upper surface of the receiving structure 136.
  • a plow 140 is configured to move in a seventh direction 142 across the top portion of the lower press body 110 so as to transfer the ingot 144 onto the receiving structure 136.
  • the ingot 144 and residual metallic dendrite 126 may be subjected to further processing (e.g., processing pertaining to fuel fabrication).
  • a method of removing salt from a dendritic mixture includes loading the dendritic mixture into a mechanical press system.
  • the dendritic mixture may be in a form of an electrolytically-reduced cake.
  • the dendritic mixture may include a metallic dendrite and salt dispersed within the metallic dendrite.
  • the metallic dendrite may include at least one of plutonium and uranium.
  • the salt may be lithium chloride.
  • the dendritic mixture is heated to liquefy the salt without volatilizing one or more metals of the metallic dendrite.
  • the heating may be performed at a temperature that does not exceed about 650 degrees Celsius (e.g., 605 to 630 degrees Celsius), although the temperature may vary depending on the melting point of a particular salt and the boiling point of a particular contaminant (e.g., americium (Am)). In particular, the temperature should be above the melting point of the salt but below the boiling point of the contaminant in the dendritic mixture.
  • the dendritic mixture is also compressed to obtain a fluidic mixture and an ingot of the metallic dendrite.
  • the fluidic mixture may include molten salt and residual metallic dendrite. As a result, the fluidic mixture may be filtered to separate the residual metallic dendrite from the molten salt.
  • the mechanical press system may be formed of materials that act as neutron absorbers (e.g., boron, cadmium, hafnium). By using neutron absorbing materials, larger batch sizes and more throughput are possible, since a greater amount of dendritic material may be loaded into the mechanical press system without criticality concerns. Unlike the conventional art, the system and method of the present disclosure does not involve a cathode processor. Consequently, the system and method of the present disclosure are simpler and cheaper in design and operation.
  • neutron absorbers e.g., boron, cadmium, hafnium

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'élimination de sel d'un mélange dendritique, comprenant une étape consistant à charger le mélange dendritique dans un système de presse mécanique. Le mélange dendritique comprend une dendrite métallique et du sel dispersé à l'intérieur de la dendrite métallique. Le mélange dendritique est chauffé pour liquéfier le sel sans volatiliser un ou plusieurs métaux de la dendrite métallique. Le mélange dendritique est également comprimé pour obtenir un mélange fluide et un lingot de la dendrite métallique. Le mélange fluide peut comprendre du sel fondu et une dendrite métallique résiduelle. Le mélange fluide peut être filtré pour séparer la dendrite métallique du sel fondu.
PCT/US2014/047414 2013-08-07 2014-07-21 Système de presse mécanique et procédé d'élimination de sel l'utilisant Ceased WO2015020782A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/960,936 US20150040727A1 (en) 2013-08-07 2013-08-07 Mechanical press system and method of removing salt using the same
US13/960,936 2013-08-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015020782A1 true WO2015020782A1 (fr) 2015-02-12

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US (1) US20150040727A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015020782A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106898405A (zh) * 2017-04-18 2017-06-27 河南核净洁净技术有限公司 一种对低放射性废旧圆形过滤器进行减容处理的设备及其方法

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3055242B1 (fr) * 2016-08-25 2018-08-10 I-Ten Outil de pressage a chaud, son procede de mise en oeuvre, installation et procede de fabrication correspondants
WO2021092401A1 (fr) 2019-11-08 2021-05-14 Abilene Christian University Identification et quantification de composants dans un liquide à point de fusion élevé
US12467831B2 (en) 2022-11-18 2025-11-11 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Molten salt sampling system and methods of use thereof
US12480860B2 (en) 2022-12-07 2025-11-25 Abilene Christian University In-situ corrosion monitoring device and methods of use thereof
US12444514B2 (en) 2023-08-07 2025-10-14 Abilene Christian University Calibration of power monitors in molten salt reactors
US12347577B1 (en) 2024-04-11 2025-07-01 Natura Resources LLC Fuel salt shipping system

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4645624A (en) * 1982-08-30 1987-02-24 Australian Atomic Energy Commission Containment and densification of particulate material
WO1992007364A1 (fr) * 1990-10-18 1992-04-30 Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation Production d'un materiau densifie
WO1994016449A1 (fr) * 1993-01-15 1994-07-21 Compagnie Generale Des Matieres Nucleaires Procede et dispositif de compactage, particulierement adaptes au compactage de matieres dangereuses

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3551952A (en) * 1967-12-08 1971-01-05 Milton Morse Heat shielded press
FR2524381A1 (fr) * 1982-03-30 1983-10-07 Saint Gobain Vetrotex Pressage d'articles en polymeres thermodurcissables renforces

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4645624A (en) * 1982-08-30 1987-02-24 Australian Atomic Energy Commission Containment and densification of particulate material
WO1992007364A1 (fr) * 1990-10-18 1992-04-30 Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation Production d'un materiau densifie
WO1994016449A1 (fr) * 1993-01-15 1994-07-21 Compagnie Generale Des Matieres Nucleaires Procede et dispositif de compactage, particulierement adaptes au compactage de matieres dangereuses

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106898405A (zh) * 2017-04-18 2017-06-27 河南核净洁净技术有限公司 一种对低放射性废旧圆形过滤器进行减容处理的设备及其方法

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