WO2015020566A1 - Overhead combustion heater - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to heat engineering, and more particularly to the design of water-heating boilers which are intended for outputting a heat transfer agent into a heating and hot water supply system. The heater has a housing in which a fuel combustion chamber is arranged, a grating, a tank for receiving a heat transfer agent and supplying same to a consumer, and a device for supplying and distributing air, which is in the form of a cone and a hollow disc having nozzle openings with interchangeable nozzles oriented at various angles in the fuel direction and towards the wall of the combustion chamber. The device for supplying air is in the form of a telescopic pipe. The air supply volume is controlled with the aid of a mechanical flap. Gases which form are completely combusted by the formation of a gap between the hollow disc and the wall of the combustion chamber. The apparatus is reliable in operation, environmentally safe and efficient.

Description

 i

Top burning heater

The proposal relates to a local heating system, in particular, to the design of hot water boilers used for space heating and supplying consumers with hot water.

Known a furnace containing a metal casing, grate, pipe for supplying secondary air, with the possibility of movement relative to the surface of the grate. The side wall of the housing has an opening provided with an external valve. [A.C. 1048250 F 23 L 9/02] A significant design flaw is the insignificant heat output of the furnace due to its small size, limited loading volume and fast fuel combustion. This requires frequent shutdowns of the furnace and disconnection of consumers from the heat supply.

A furnace is also known for burning granular solid fuel and heating indoor air, consists of a combustion chamber, air supply pipes and a screw device are inserted in its center. Air is supplied to the combustion chamber from above, and granular fuel is charged from below from a screw device [US4782765, F 23 L1 / 00]

The disadvantage of this design of the furnace is the constant availability of power and energy consumption, the complexity of the design of the ducts, the unreliability of the screw device, the use of only granular fuel, which requires an additional granulating press.

The closest in technical design and the achieved result is a top-burning heating apparatus containing a housing in which a combustion chamber, a grate, windows with sealed doors for loading fuel and for removing ash, a device for supplying air and distributing it in the combustion chamber, are made [EA 005303, F 23L9 / 02, 2004.]. The disadvantage of this design is that air control is carried out by means of electronic sensors, which reduces the reliability of the design, the apparatus when used emits unrefined combustion products that pollute the environment.

The technical task and the positive result of the claimed heating apparatus is to reduce harmful emissions, increase the reliability of the operating units of the apparatus without using power.

This problem and the technical result achieved are solved due to the fact that the upper combustion heater contains a housing in which a combustion chamber, a grate, windows with sealed doors for loading fuel and for removing ash, a coolant cavity and its outlet to the consumer, a device for feeding air and its distribution in the combustion chamber, c. which air distributor is connected to. using a telescopic pipe or a bellows with a heating chamber for air being pumped into this chamber using a pneumatic pump or natural chimney draft, a pipe connected to the chamber cavity is connected below the grate; coolant in its cavity, and the air distributor is made in the form of a cone-shaped tip in the upper part of which a hollow disk is mounted, forming between itself and the inner wall of the combustion chamber an annular gap, holes are made in the walls of the disk in the saw nozzles for uniform distribution of the consumed volume of air supplied through the cavity of said telescopic pipe or bellows.

The heating core is shown in the drawings, where:

 figure 1 shows a General view with a cut along the vertical axis;

 figure 2 - detail And the air distributor in figure 1;

 in Fig.3 - node B in Fig.1;

 figure 4 - detail b-replaceable catalytic cartridge in figure 1;

 figure 5 - node G in figure 1; in Fig.6 - node D in Fig.5;

 in FIG. 7 - node kontrola air supply.

REPLACE ITS SHEET (RULE 26) An upper combustion heater comprising a housing in which a combustion chamber, a grate, windows with sealed doors for loading fuel and for removing ash, a gas outlet, a cavity for a coolant with inlet and outlet pipes to a consumer, a device for supplying air and distributing it to a combustion chamber in which an air distributor is connected to a heating chamber of air being pumped into this chamber, wherein the cavity of the air heating chamber is connected by a channel to an armrest chamber, characterized it that the tubes · input and discharge of coolant are provided with temperature-dependent three-way adjustable valves for _{recirculation.} coolant in its cavity, the air distributor is made in the form of a truncated hollow cone, in the upper part of which a hollow disk with holes in the walls for replaceable nozzles oriented at different angles to the fuel and walls is mounted, the annular gap formed by the disk and the inner wall of the combustion chamber is 10 - 20% of the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber, the gas outlet has a removable cartridge for cleaning gases generated during the combustion of fuel, regulating the amount of air supplied to the wasp estvlyaetsya mechanical choke, and the distribution of the supplied air are in a ratio of 30 - 40% - through valve 60 and - 70% through the channel failed in Clip Available osnikovuyu chamber.

 The heating apparatus is also characterized in that the air distributor is connected to the air heating chamber by means of a bellows or a telescopic pipe.

 The heating apparatus is also characterized in that the replaceable cartridge has a catalyst for purifying fuel gases.

 The heating apparatus is characterized in that the air supply device has a control unit made in the form of a mechanical lever with a rod and an adjusting screw interacting with the air damper.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The heating apparatus includes a combustion chamber 1, made in the form of a vertically oriented cylinder or polyhedron. The chamber has a double wall, forming a cavity 2 for the coolant, and the outer wall 3 with thermal insulation, shielded by a metal sheet. In the cavity of the apparatus there is an air heating chamber 4 connected to a telescopic pipe or bellows 5, at the end of which an air distributor 6 is fixed. A pipe 7 is connected to the chamber 4 for supplying air from below. In the upper part of the apparatus there is a chimney with a removable catalytic cartridge 8, and on the outside of the apparatus there is a coolant return pipe 9 coming from an adjustable three-way valve 10. The chamber 4 of the apparatus is equipped with a damper 1 1 for switching the direction of air flow through the pipe 7. The lower part of the apparatus is equipped grate 12. The heat carrier is removed from the apparatus by means of the nozzle 13, and the heat carrier is fed through the pipe 14. The heater is equipped with an electric air damper 15. With the help of Strongly which controls the amount of air supplied to the apparatus; air is pumped by a pneumatic pump or fan 16, which is controlled by the sensor of the thermostat 17. A hole 18 is made in the wall of the heating apparatus into which the thermometer is inserted. Two openings are made in the wall of the apparatus with hermetically closing doors 19 and 20, designed to load fuel - 19 and remove ash; - 20. The apparatus is equipped with a cable 21, part of its length is located outside the case, and the end of the cable is connected to a telescopic pipe or bellows 6. On the wall of the apparatus, the cable 21 is fixed by a hook 22. The heating apparatus is loaded with fuel 23 of any kind.

The air distributor 6 consists of a conical tip 24 with an air supply channel 25, on the top of which a hollow metal disk 26 is mounted so that an open annular space is obtained in the form of an annular gap between the disk 26 and the inner wall of the combustion chamber .1; this gap in the area of the ring is 20-30% of the cross-sectional area of the chamber 1. The hollow disk has openings 27 in the form of nozzles for

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) air consumption: through the tip 24 about 40%, and about 60% - nozzles 27. The distributor has support legs 28 for installation on fuel 23 with some gaps. A multi-channel, porous catalyst system 30 is located in the housing of the interchangeable catalytic cartridge 29, the channels are made of metal or ceramic, located along the housing 29 and coated with a chemical composition as a protruding catalyst, preferably Pd palladium or analogues, for the combustion products of the apparatus. A thermally independent rod 32 is attached to the body of the apparatus by means of screw 31 and is connected from below to the flat lever of the mechanical air damper 33, and from above, the lever is pressed by the adjusting screw 34 inserted into the support elbow 35.

The operation of the fuel apparatus is as follows. Fuel 23 is loaded into chamber 1 through door 19, a little kindling material is placed on top and set on fire. The ring of the metal cable 21 is removed from the hook 22 and lifted up, so that the air distributor 6 is lowered onto the fuel 23. The door 19 is tightly closed. Turn on the fan 16 and pump air through the electric air damper 15 and mechanical 33 into the heating chamber 4. From the heating chamber 4, the air is distributed into 2 flows - upper and lower in proportions: 30 - 40% through the distributor 6 and 60 - 70% through the pipe 7 Heated air in chamber 4 tends down the telescopic pipe or bellows to distributor 6, providing a combustion zone with oxygen from above. The distributor 6 on a telescopic pipe or bellows drops down as the fuel 23 burns through, providing combustion only in the upper zone. The lower air flow passing through the pipe 7 in the cavity of the chamber 1 is very hot and, falling under the grates 12 rushes up, drying fuel 23 along the way, and providing a combustion zone with oxygen. Thus, the efficiency increases by 10-20%, the fuel is dried, heated and energy is not required. The output of combustion products occurs through a chimney with a catalytic cartridge. 8 residues of unburned substances CO, CH, NO, passing through the channels of the catalyst 30 interact with its surface and are oxidized - burned, heat is generated during oxidation, which contributes to an even larger process

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) oxidation and purification of the combustion products released during the operation of the device, thus improving the environmental safety of this heating device. A three-way thermostatic valve 10 is installed on the coolant supply pipe 13, which serves to ensure rapid heating and stable operation of the apparatus. At the moment of heating the device, the valve 10 directs the flow of coolant through the recirculation pipe 9. When the operating temperature of the device is reached, the valve 10 gradually begins to transfer the heated coolant to the heating system, while the device is stable and economical. After the apparatus gains operating temperature, the thermostat turns off the fan 17, and the electric air damper 15 blocks the ingress of air into the cavity of the apparatus. In the event of a sudden disconnection of the power supply from the device and preventing it from boiling and damage, the device is equipped with a mechanical shutter 33. The metal body of the device, using the physical properties of the metal, expands when heated, the part of the device located above the mount 31 is pulled up, and the thermally independent rod 32 remains at the same position, while the pressure from the rod 32 to the p ^* yoke 33 weakens and it drops, blocking the damper air access into the device. The range of stroke of the lever 33 is regulated by a screw 34. Thus, the apparatus can control the operating temperature without power, which significantly expands its application and safety. The heating system functions stably, and when the temperature of the coolant decreases, the operation of this unit is activated as noted above.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

CLAIM 1. The upper combustion heater, comprising a housing in which a combustion chamber, a grate, windows with sealed doors for loading fuel and for removing ash, a gas outlet, a cavity for a coolant with inlet and outlet pipes to a consumer, an air supply and distribution device, are provided it in the combustion chamber, in which the air distributor is connected to the chamber for heating the air pumped into this chamber, while the cavity of the chamber for heating the air is connected by a channel to the armrest chamber, characterized in m, that the inlet and outlet pipes of the coolant are equipped with three-way thermally dependent adjustable valves for recirculating the coolant in its cavity, the air distributor is made in the form of a truncated hollow cone, in the upper part of which there is a hollow disk with holes in the walls for interchangeable nozzles oriented at different angles to the fuel and walls, the annular gap formed by the disk and the inner wall of the combustion chamber is 10 - 20% of the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber, the gas outlet has a removable car ridge for cleaning gases formed during the combustion of fuel, control of the amount of air supplied to the apparatus is carried mechanical choke, and the distribution of the supplied air are in a ratio of 30 - 40% - through a distributor, and 60 - 70% ^"- through channel failed in podkolosnikovuyu chamber .  2. The heating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the air distributor is connected to the air heating chamber by means of a bellows or a telescopic pipe.  3. The heating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the replaceable cartridge has a catalyst for purification of fuel gases.  4. The heating apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the air supply device has a control unit made in the form of a mechanical lever with a rod and an adjusting screw interacting with the air damper. SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)