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WO2015018439A1 - Onduleur - Google Patents

Onduleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015018439A1
WO2015018439A1 PCT/EP2013/066481 EP2013066481W WO2015018439A1 WO 2015018439 A1 WO2015018439 A1 WO 2015018439A1 EP 2013066481 W EP2013066481 W EP 2013066481W WO 2015018439 A1 WO2015018439 A1 WO 2015018439A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
node
partial
inverter
network
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2013/066481
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl Koch
Peter Knaup
Thomas Lenz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to PCT/EP2013/066481 priority Critical patent/WO2015018439A1/fr
Publication of WO2015018439A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015018439A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an inverter for generating an AC voltage from a DC voltage, and the present invention relates to a method for operating such an inverter.
  • Inverters are well known, they generate an AC voltage from a DC voltage.
  • the DC voltage is often shared at one
  • DC intermediate circuit provided, namely a built-up of two series-connected DC link capacitive intermediate circuit.
  • a symmetry is desirable such that each of these two DC link capacitances has the same voltage, namely in each case half the DC link voltage.
  • the two capacitors or capacitors are charged differently or discharged differently, so that sets an asymmetry.
  • one of the two DC link capacitors has a larger charge and thus a higher voltage than the other DC link capacitance.
  • asymmetries are undesirable for various reasons.
  • Inverter set too high voltage that could potentially damage components. Furthermore, such asymmetry may also affect the AC voltage generated. Accordingly, it is also undesirable to connect the inverter to the AC electrical network in which it is to feed, if such asymmetry exists.
  • the international application WO 2008/049441 AI proposes an inverter with output-side resistance.
  • This resistor can be connected to the output of the inverter when the inverter output is disconnected from the mains to be fed.
  • charge compensation can be carried out via this resistor, in particular in such a way that the intermediate circuit capacitance having too much voltage is partially discharged via this resistor to ground.
  • the midpoint between the two DC link capacitances is connected to ground and the said resistor is also connected to ground, so that the said partial discharge can be made via this resistor.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object, one of the o.g. To address problems.
  • an improved solution is to be created that balances as little as possible with a balance of the
  • an inverter is prepared for generating an AC voltage from a DC voltage. It comprises a DC voltage intermediate circuit for providing the DC voltage.
  • the DC voltage intermediate circuit comprises a first DC link capacitance and a second DC link capacitance.
  • the first DC link capacitance is connected between a positive DC node and a center node of the DC link and provides a positive DC partial voltage.
  • the second link capacitance is connected between the center point and a negative DC node and provides a negative DC partial voltage.
  • the first and second partial DC voltage are connected in series and result in accordance with the DC voltage of the DC intermediate circuit.
  • an alternating voltage node is provided on which a pulsed alternating voltage is provided, which is used for generating an approximately sinusoidal alternating voltage, namely in particular with the further use of a corresponding output choke.
  • a positive branch is provided between the positive terminal node and the AC voltage node, which has at least one first semiconductor switch for generating a part of the pulsed AC voltage.
  • a positive branch is used for generating a positive half-wave of the alternating voltage to be generated.
  • a negative branch is provided between the AC voltage node and the negative terminal node, which has at least one second semiconductor switch for generating a further part of the pulsed AC voltage.
  • a negative branch is used for generating a negative half-wave of the alternating voltage to be generated.
  • a balancing circuit is provided which can also be referred to as an auxiliary circuit.
  • This balancing circuit comprises at least two auxiliary semiconductor switches, which are in particular provided to enable a current from the center point to the AC voltage node or from the AC voltage node to the center or to prevent such a current.
  • a network node is provided for feeding electrical current into a supply network. This network node is essentially connected to the supply network when it is to be fed into the supply network.
  • a mains choke is connected between the AC voltage node and the network node. In particular, such a line choke serves to integrate an approximately sinusoidal signal from the pulsed signal which the positive branch and the negative branch generate.
  • a filter capacitor is connected between the network node and a reference node. This reference node may, for example, have ground potential and be correspondingly connected to ground.
  • a power disconnect switch for disconnecting the inverter from the supply network is provided. This power disconnect switch is in particular between
  • the inverter is prepared to modulate an AC voltage at the filter capacitor when the mains disconnect switch is open, and to control the first semiconductor switch, the second semiconductor switch and the balancing circuit so that equalizing currents flow for balancing the DC intermediate circuit so that the first and second partial DC voltages are as equal as possible become.
  • the inverter has a programmed for this control, in which the corresponding commands for generating the desired switching actions of the affected switches are generated.
  • an AC voltage is modulated at the filter capacitance, namely in particular when the inverter is disconnected from the supply network due to the open mains disconnect switch.
  • the modulation takes place in such a way that the currents finally flow as equalizing currents and achieve symmetrization of the voltages at the two DC link capacitances.
  • the positive branch can first be pulsed in such a way that a positive half-wave of a sinusoidal current sets via the line choke, which leads to a current into the filter capacitance. If this is done in conjunction with the Bal istsscnies, in particular so that a connection between the center and the AC node is made, the energy for said current half-wave is used only from the first DC link capacity. This operation is called 3-point operation.
  • the subsequent negative half-wave is now generated in 2-point operation, namely without the use of the balancing circuit or in the Symmetri proceedingssscnies open switches and thus at a separate center and AC nodes.
  • the negative half-wave thus loads the first and second DC link capacitance equally.
  • the inverter is thus prepared when open
  • Mains breaker to modulate the AC voltage at the filter capacity as approximately sinusoidal AC mains voltage so that results in a reactive current.
  • the inverter is prepared to be operated so that the reactive current leads to a partial reloading of the two DC link capacitances, if they have different partial voltages.
  • the inverter is prepared to work with open mains disconnect switch, ie in disconnected from the mains power supply, specifically depending on the current operating point in a 3-point operation or a 2-point operation.
  • these two operating modes are selected depending on a ratio of the first partial voltage to the second partial voltage and / or depending on a sign of the reactive current of the filter capacitor.
  • Dependent on it is thus worked in a 3-point operation, in which the balancing circuit is driven, or it is working a 2-point operation, in which the balancing circuit is not driven and forms an electrical isolation between the center and the AC node.
  • the inverter operates with the power supply switch open in 3-point operation, when the first partial DC voltage is greater than the second DC partial voltage and the reactive current from the AC voltage node to the network node is positive. In this case, namely, the first link capacitance is loaded to generate this positive current. Or it works in 3-point operation, when the first partial DC voltage is smaller than the second DC partial voltage and the reactive current from the AC node to the network node is negative. In this case, energy is taken from the second DC link capacity.
  • 2-point operation is used when the first partial DC voltage is greater than the second DC partial voltage and the reactive current from the AC voltage node to the network node is negative.
  • both DC link capacitances are substantially equally loaded and this 2-point operation alternates in particular with the above-mentioned 3-point operation, namely, when the first DC partial voltage is greater than the second DC partial voltage and the reactive current from the AC node to the network node is positive ,
  • an alternating voltage is modulated at the filter capacitance, in particular when the mains disconnect switch is open, and the first semiconductor switch, the second semiconductor switch and the balancing circuit are driven such that equalizing currents flow for balancing the DC intermediate circuit, namely such that the first and second partial DC voltages become as equal as possible.
  • the AC voltage at the filter capacitor is modulated as an approximately sinusoidal AC voltage in such a way that a reactive current results.
  • the inverter It is particularly advantageous to operate the inverter so that a balancing, so the compensation of different voltages at the first and second DC link capacity is performed when the inverter is disconnected from the mains, especially if the or the power disconnect switch is open or is.
  • the at least one power disconnect switch can be closed, the inverter can be connected to the supply network and then start feeding into the grid.
  • the interconnection with the network or the connection of the filter capacity preferably remains unchanged.
  • the filter capacity can thus be used in a dual function, namely as filter capacity when the inverter to the supply network - also abbreviated as network - is connected and fed into this, and as an auxiliary element for generating a reactive current for balancing the two DC link capacitances.
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit arrangement of an inverter according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an inverter 1, which is connected on the input side to a solar generator 2 and is supplied from there with a DC voltage.
  • a boost converter 4 a DC voltage from the solar generator 2 is brought to an intermediate circuit voltage, which is provided to a DC voltage intermediate circuit 6.
  • the DC intermediate circuit 6 is formed from a first DC link capacitor 8 and a second DC link capacitor 10.
  • the first DC link capacitor 8 is connected between a positive DC node 12 and a center 16 of the DC intermediate circuit 6.
  • the second link capacitance is connected between the center node 16 and a negative DC node.
  • the center node 16 is connected to ground.
  • At the first intermediate circuit capacitor 8 is a first Section SharePoint sheer the DC intermediate circuit U DC i, namely from the positive DC node 12 to the center node 16.
  • the second DC link capacitance is connected, which carries a second DC part of the DC link, namely U DC 2-
  • the DC link voltage of the DC intermediate circuit 6 is thus provided between the positive DC node 12 and the negative DC node 14 and is the sum of the first and second
  • Partial DC voltage U DC i and U DC 2- Relative to the center node 16 a positive DC part voltage is thus provided at the positive DC node 12 and a negative DC partial voltage at the negative DC node 14.
  • a clocked AC voltage can now be generated at the AC voltage node 22 with the aid of a positive branch 18 and negative branch 20.
  • the positive branch 18 has a first semiconductor switch 24 with anti-parallel connected first diode 26.
  • the negative Branch 20 a second semiconductor switch 28 with antiparallel connected second diode 30 on.
  • a balancing circuit 32 is provided between the center 16 and the AC node 22.
  • the balancing circuit 32 which may also be referred to as an auxiliary circuit, can pass a current from the center node 16 to the AC node 22 or vice versa.
  • This balancing circuit 32 or auxiliary circuit 32 has two auxiliary semiconductor switches, namely a third and fourth semiconductor switch 34 and 36, each with third or fourth diode 38 and 40 connected in anti-parallel connection.
  • a network choke 42 On the output side of the AC voltage node 22, a network choke 42 is connected and has a network node 44 on the network side or is connected to such a network node 44.
  • the network node 44 is connected via a network disconnect switch 46 to a supply network 48, which is illustrated here only as a simple block.
  • a power disconnect switch 46 ' is provided between the ground point 52 and the utility network 48, which is switched together with the power disconnect switch 46 between the network node 44 and the power grid 48.
  • the present description describes the inverter and feeding for a 1-phase case. Accordingly, the inverter 1 shown in FIG. 1 is connected to a phase of the supply network 48. Basically, however, a 3-phase version of the inverter and according to a connection to a 3-phase supply network 48 is basically provided.
  • a filter capacity 50 is also provided, which is connected to ground 52. At the filter capacitor 50 thus falls to a filter voltage u c .
  • the filter capacity 50 is preferably a conventional filter capacity and is used to filter disturbances during feeding, as they may occur, inter alia, by the pulsed operation. Accordingly, a filter current i c flows from the network node 44 into the filter capacitor 50.
  • a mains current i N is correspondingly fed into the supply network 48, which essentially has the amplitude of the inductor current i L.
  • the inverter 1 is basically separated from the power supply 48. If, for the first time, the inverter is to be connected to the supply network 48 in order to feed into the network 48, it is proposed first to balance the DC intermediate circuit 6 so that the first and second partial DC voltages U DC i and U DC 2 have the same amplitude , For this purpose, a corresponding change between 3-point operation and 2-point operation is proposed.
  • the first DC partial voltage U DC i is greater than the second DC partial voltage U DC 2 of the inverter 1 are first operated in 3-point operation so that a voltage pulse pattern is generated at the AC node 22 that a Current through the line choke 42 and in the filter capacity 50 sets. Due to the open power disconnect switches 46 and 46 'corresponds in this case, the inductor current i L the filter current i c . Energy from the first DC link capacitor 8 or the first DC link capacitor 8 is used by the 3-point operation.
  • a sinusoidal characteristic is not absolutely necessary as long as an alternating current is generated, which as a result is a reactive current.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un onduleur (1) servant à générer une tension alternative à partir d'une tension continue, ledit onduleur comprenant : - un circuit intermédiaire à tension continue (6) servant à produire la tension continue à l'aide - d'un premier condensateur de circuit intermédiaire (8) raccordé entre un nœud de tension continue positive (12) et un point milieu (16) du circuit intermédiaire de tension continue (6), afin de produire une tension continue partielle positive (UDC1), et - d'un second condensateur de circuit intermédiaire (10) raccordé entre le point milieu (16) et un nœud de tension continue négative (14), afin de produire une tension continue partielle négative (UDC2), la première tension continue partielle (UDC1) et la seconde tension continue partielle (UDC2) formant conjointement la tension continue du circuit intermédiaire de tension continue (6), - un nœud de courant alternatif (22) servant à produire une tension alternative cadencée pour générer une tension alternative sinusoïdale, - une branche positive (18) disposée entre la nœud de raccordement positif (12) et le nœud de tension alternative (22) et comportant au moins un premier commutateur à semi-conducteurs (24) afin de générer une partie de la tension alternative cadencée, notamment afin de générer une demi-onde positive de la tension alternative, - une branche négative (20) disposée entre le nœud de tension alternative (22) et le nœud de raccordement négatif (14) et comportant au moins un second commutateur à semi-conducteurs (28) afin de générer une autre partie de la tension alternative cadencée, notamment afin de générer une demi-onde négative de la tension alternative, - un circuit symétriseur (32) disposé entre le point milieu (16) et le nœud de tension alternative (22) et comportant au moins deux commutateurs à semi-conducteurs auxiliaires (34, 36) afin d'équilibrer la tension continue du circuit intermédiaire de tension continue (6), - un nœud de réseau (44) servant à alimenter en courant électrique un réseau d'alimentation (48), - une bobine de réactance à courant de réseau (42) disposée entre le nœud de tension alternative (22) et le nœud de réseau (44), - un condensateur de filtrage (50) raccordé entre le nœuds de réseau (44) et un nœud de référence (52) qui est notamment au potentiel du sol, et - au moins un commutateur de coupure de réseau (46, 46') servant à couper l'onduleur (1), notamment le nœud de raccordement au réseau (44), du réseau d'alimentation (48), l'onduleur (1) étant configuré pour moduler une tension alternative au niveau du condensateur de filtrage (50) lorsque le commutateur de coupure de réseau (46, 46') est ouvert, et commander le premier commutateur à semi-conducteurs (24), le second commutateur à semi-conducteurs (28) et le circuit symétriseur (2) de façon à permettre la circulation de courants équilibreurs servant à symétriser le circuit intermédiaire de tension continue (6) de sorte que les première et seconde tensions continues partielles (UDC1, UDC2) sont autant que possible égales.
PCT/EP2013/066481 2013-08-06 2013-08-06 Onduleur Ceased WO2015018439A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2013/066481 WO2015018439A1 (fr) 2013-08-06 2013-08-06 Onduleur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2013/066481 WO2015018439A1 (fr) 2013-08-06 2013-08-06 Onduleur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015018439A1 true WO2015018439A1 (fr) 2015-02-12

Family

ID=48951451

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2013/066481 Ceased WO2015018439A1 (fr) 2013-08-06 2013-08-06 Onduleur

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2015018439A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007048420A1 (fr) * 2005-10-24 2007-05-03 Conergy Ag Onduleur
KR20080016520A (ko) * 2007-03-27 2008-02-21 코네르지 악티엔게젤샤프트 인버터
WO2008049441A1 (fr) 2006-09-25 2008-05-02 Conergy Ag Circuit inverseur de puissance permettant d'ajuster la symétrie de la tension alternative sans couplage à la charge
DE202012004347U1 (de) * 2012-05-04 2013-08-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Wechselrichter

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007048420A1 (fr) * 2005-10-24 2007-05-03 Conergy Ag Onduleur
WO2008049441A1 (fr) 2006-09-25 2008-05-02 Conergy Ag Circuit inverseur de puissance permettant d'ajuster la symétrie de la tension alternative sans couplage à la charge
KR20080016520A (ko) * 2007-03-27 2008-02-21 코네르지 악티엔게젤샤프트 인버터
DE202012004347U1 (de) * 2012-05-04 2013-08-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Wechselrichter

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