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WO2015099243A1 - Matériau actif d'électrode contenant un composé de bore et dispositif électrochimique l'utilisant - Google Patents

Matériau actif d'électrode contenant un composé de bore et dispositif électrochimique l'utilisant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015099243A1
WO2015099243A1 PCT/KR2014/002183 KR2014002183W WO2015099243A1 WO 2015099243 A1 WO2015099243 A1 WO 2015099243A1 KR 2014002183 W KR2014002183 W KR 2014002183W WO 2015099243 A1 WO2015099243 A1 WO 2015099243A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
active material
electrode active
lithium
boron compound
positive electrode
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/KR2014/002183
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
정연욱
이동훈
박동규
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Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation of KNU
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Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation of KNU
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Publication of WO2015099243A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015099243A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention provides an electrode active material containing a lithium composite oxide and a boron compound capable of inserting and releasing lithium; An electrode containing the electrode active material; And it relates to an electrochemical device containing the electrode active material in the positive electrode.
  • the lithium secondary battery commercially available is lithium-cobalt-based metal oxide as a positive electrode active material, carbon is used as a negative electrode active material.
  • the lithium-cobalt-based metal oxides are relatively easy to synthesize, and have excellent stability and cycle characteristics, but are limited in application to high capacity technology of batteries.
  • lithium-manganese-based metal oxides Due to these problems, recently, lithium-manganese-based metal oxides, lithium-nickel-based metal oxides, and the like have attracted attention as positive electrode active materials.
  • lithium-manganese-based metal oxides having a layered structure have advantages over lithium-cobalt-based metal oxides in terms of capacity but are known to have poor cycle characteristics due to unstable structure.
  • spinel lithium-manganese-based metal oxides have excellent thermal stability, but have a disadvantage in that they are lower than lithium-cobalt-based metal oxides in terms of capacity.
  • lithium-nickel-based metal oxides may exhibit high capacity, cycle characteristics are not good, and manufacturing methods have complicated problems.
  • the present inventors have made intensive efforts to improve the performance of the positive electrode active material, and confirmed that the performance of the positive electrode active material is improved when the boron compound is added or coated to complete the present invention.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for reforming an electrode active material that can improve the output and cycle characteristics by increasing the electronic conductivity of the electrode active material of an electrochemical device such as a lithium secondary battery.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides an electrode active material containing a lithium composite oxide and a boron compound which can be inserted and released from lithium.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides an electrode containing the electrode active material, the conductive agent and the binder according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides an electrochemical device comprising an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte, wherein the cathode contains an electrode active material according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the lithium secondary battery is a battery that generates electricity while lithium ions existing in an ionic state move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode when discharged, and move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode when charged.
  • the performance of a lithium secondary battery depends on the lithium ion activation ability of the positive electrode material and the presence of sufficient space to insert lithium ions in the negative electrode material. In particular, since lithium is included in the positive electrode active material, the positive electrode active material substantially influences the performance of the lithium secondary battery.
  • the positive electrode active material is generally composed of a transition metal oxide, since a change in the number of oxides to satisfy the charge neutral state is essential when lithium is de-inserted. Characteristics required for the positive electrode active material, high operating voltage, small polarization during charging and discharging, high capacity and efficiency, life characteristics, stability with the electrolyte should be considered.
  • the electrode active material according to the present invention may be prepared by mixing lithium composite oxide and a boron compound which can be inserted and released, followed by drying and heat treatment.
  • the heat treatment temperature is preferably 100 °C to 500 °C.
  • the boron compound may be in the form of homogeneously mixed with the lithium composite oxide, or may be in the form of coating the lithium composite oxide particles.
  • the lithium composite oxide is LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , Li 1 + x Mn 2-x O 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.33), Li 2 CuO 2 , LiV 3 O 8 , LiFe 3 O 4 , LiNi 1-x M x O 2 (M is Co, Mn, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B or Ga; 0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3), LiMn 2-x M x O 2 (M is Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Zn or Ta; 0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1), Li 2 Mn 3 MO 8 (M is Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn), Li (Ni 1-xy Co x M y ) O 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.33, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.33, M may be Mn, Al, Mg or Fe) or mixtures thereof.
  • the boron compound is a compound represented by the following formula (1):
  • M is Ti, Cr, Zn, or V.
  • the boron compound is TiB 2 .
  • the boron compound is preferably contained in 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material. If less than 0.1% by weight, the effect of the boron compound is insignificant, and if more than 10% by weight there is a problem of excessive coating of the lithium composite oxide.
  • the size of a boron compound particle is 1 micrometer or less.
  • the electrode according to the invention contains the electrode active material, the conductive agent and the binder according to the invention.
  • Non-limiting examples of the conductive agent include acetylene black or carbon blacks.
  • the content of the conductive agent used in the electrode is preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight for the positive electrode, 10% by weight or less for the negative electrode.
  • Non-limiting examples of binders used in the present invention include polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, nitrile rubber, polybutadiene, polystyrene, styrene butadiene rubber, polysulfide rubber, butyl rubber, It is preferable to select at least 1 type from the group which consists of hydrogenated styrene butadiene rubber, nitro cellulose, and carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • the content of the binder is preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight.
  • the electrochemical device according to the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte containing the electrode active material according to the present invention.
  • the electrode active material according to the present invention exhibits its effects well in a lithium secondary battery among electrochemical devices.
  • a lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode capable of absorbing and releasing lithium ions, a negative electrode capable of absorbing and releasing lithium ions, a nonaqueous electrolyte, and a separator.
  • the positive electrode may be configured in a form in which the positive electrode active material according to the present invention is bound to a positive electrode current collector, that is, a foil manufactured by aluminum, nickel, or a combination thereof.
  • the content of the cathode active material is preferably 80 to 99% by weight.
  • the negative electrode active material for constituting the negative electrode is lithium metal or lithium adsorption such as lithium alloy and carbon, petroleum coke, activated carbon, graphite, or various other carbons.
  • the substance can be used as the main component.
  • the negative electrode is configured in a form in which the negative electrode active material is bound to a negative electrode current collector, that is, a foil manufactured by copper, gold, nickel, or a copper alloy or a combination thereof.
  • the content of the negative electrode active material is preferably 80 to 99% by weight.
  • the separator is a polyethylene (polyethylene), a polypropylene (polypropylene) having a microporous structure, or a multilayer film produced by a combination of these films, or polyvinylidene fluoride (polyvinylidene fluoride), polyethylene oxide (polyethylene oxide) And polymer films for solid polymer electrolytes or gel polymer electrolytes such as polyacrylonitrile or polyvinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymers.
  • the electrolyte is A + B - and may be a salt of such a structure,
  • a + is Li +, Na +,, and comprising an alkali metal cation or an ion composed of a combination thereof, such as K + B - is PF 6 - , BF 4 -, Cl -, Br -, I -, ClO 4 -, ASF 6 -, CH 3 CO 2 -, CF 3 SO 3 -, N (CF 3 SO 2) 2 -, C (CF 2 SO 2 ) 3 - and means a salt containing the same anion, ion consisting of a combination thereof.
  • lithium salt examples include propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and dipropyl carbonate (dipropyl).
  • carbonate, DPC dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone ( N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), ethyl methyl carbonate (ethyl methyl carbonate, EMC), gamma butyrolactone ( ⁇ -butyrolactone) or dissolved in an organic solvent consisting of a mixture thereof is dissociated.
  • PC propylene carbonate
  • EC ethylene carbonate
  • DEC diethyl carbonate
  • DMC dimethyl carbonate
  • dipropyl carbonate dipropyl
  • carbonate, DPC dimethyl sulfoxide
  • acetonitrile dimethoxye
  • Non-limiting examples of the method for producing an electrochemical device according to the present invention include a) i) electrode active material particles; ii) conductive particles; And iii) preparing a slurry in which the binder is dispersed in a solvent; b) coating the slurry on a current collector, drying and pressing to prepare an electrode; And c) assembling an electrochemical device having the electrode and injecting a nonaqueous electrolyte.
  • the solvent used in the slurry is not particularly limited, and in general, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) may be used for both the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and distilled water may be used for the aqueous negative electrode.
  • NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • the conductive particles are arranged to connect the spaced apart electrode active material particles after electrode coating if the electrode is well dispersed by mixing during electrode production.
  • the electrode may be heat treated to evaporate the solvent.
  • the electrode active material according to the present invention When the electrode active material according to the present invention is used as a positive electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery, improved output and excellent cycle characteristics can be imparted to the lithium secondary battery.
  • 1 to 3 show scanning electron micrographs of the positive electrode active material according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows the results of XRD analysis of the positive electrode active material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 shows the results of the evaluation of the output characteristics of the battery including an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows an evaluation of cycle characteristics of a battery including an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Uncoated composite oxide particles having a composition of LiNi 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 were used as comparative examples.
  • a coin cell containing the positive electrode active material prepared in Example 1 was prepared.
  • the positive electrode active material prepared in Example 1 polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder, and carbon black (manufacturer: Timcal) as a conductive agent are mixed at a weight ratio of 95: 2: 3, and coated on an aluminum current collector. After that, it was dried and roll pressed to prepare a positive electrode.
  • a coin cell including a lithium metal and an electrolyte (1M LiPF 6 EC / DMC) was prepared as the positive electrode and the negative electrode prepared as described above.
  • Example 2 instead of the positive electrode active material according to Example 1, each of the positive electrode active materials according to Example 2 (Preparation Example 2), Example 3 (Preparation Example 3), Example 4 (Preparation Example 4), and Comparative Example 1 (Preparation Example 5) Except that was used, the coin cells of Preparation Examples 2 to 5 were prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, respectively.
  • XRD analysis (manufacturer: PANalytical, model name: X'Pert pro MPD) of each cathode active material according to Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 was performed, and the results are shown in FIG. 4.
  • the X-ray diffraction analysis test was carried out using Cu-K ⁇ rays under the condition that the sampling width is 0.01 °, scan rate 4 ° / min in the 2 ⁇ value range from 10 ° to 80 °.
  • Preparation Example 1 including the positive electrode active material of Example 1
  • Preparation Example 2 including the positive electrode active material of Example 2)
  • Preparation Example 3 including the positive electrode active material of Example 3
  • Preparation Example 4 including the positive electrode active material of Example 4
  • the coin cells of Preparation Example 5 including the positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 1 were charged and discharged once at a rate of C / 5 in the range of 3.0 V to 4.5 V, and then the C / 2, 1C, and 2C Discharge was performed at the rate, respectively.
  • the results of the experiment are shown in FIG. 5.
  • the coin cells prepared in Preparation Examples 1 to 5 were charged and discharged once at a rate of C / 5 at a range of 3.0 V to 4.5 V, respectively, and then charged and discharged at a rate of 1 C to improve cycle characteristics. It evaluated, and the result is shown in FIG.
  • the coin cell of Preparation Example 1 (including the positive electrode active material coated with 3% by weight of TiB 2 ) was prepared in Preparation Example 4 (including the positive electrode active material coated with 0.5% by weight of TiB 2 ) and Compared with the coin cell of Preparation Example 5 (including the positive electrode active material not coated with TiB 2 on the surface), it was confirmed that the life characteristics are improved.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau actif d'électrode, contenant un composé de bore et un oxyde composite de lithium pouvant intercaler et désintercaler le lithium. La matériau actif d'électrode est utilisé comme un matériau actif de cathode pour une batterie secondaire au lithium, fournissant ainsi à la batterie secondaire au lithium une sortie améliorée et une excellente caractéristique de cycle.
PCT/KR2014/002183 2013-12-24 2014-03-14 Matériau actif d'électrode contenant un composé de bore et dispositif électrochimique l'utilisant Ceased WO2015099243A1 (fr)

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KR1020130162815A KR101977995B1 (ko) 2013-12-24 2013-12-24 붕소 화합물이 코팅된 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질 및 이의 제조 방법
KR10-2013-0162815 2013-12-24

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018066928A1 (fr) * 2016-10-05 2018-04-12 주식회사 엘지화학 Matériau actif de cathode pour batterie secondaire et batterie secondaire comprenant celui-ci
US11380891B2 (en) 2016-10-05 2022-07-05 Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. Cathode active material for secondary battery and secondary battery comprising same

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KR101718668B1 (ko) * 2016-09-01 2017-03-22 한국교통대학교산학협력단 잔류리튬 감소를 위해 붕산 세척된 양극활물질, 그 양극활물질의 제조방법 및 리튬이차전지
KR102207523B1 (ko) 2017-06-21 2021-01-25 주식회사 엘지화학 리튬 이차전지
US11367871B2 (en) 2017-09-19 2022-06-21 Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. Positive electrode active material for secondary battery and lithium secondary battery including the same
WO2019059653A1 (fr) * 2017-09-19 2019-03-28 주식회사 엘지화학 Matériau actif de cathode pour batterie rechargeable au lithium et batterie rechargeable au lithium en contenant
KR102010929B1 (ko) 2017-12-26 2019-08-16 주식회사 포스코 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지
US12040473B2 (en) 2018-12-10 2024-07-16 Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. Positive electrode for secondary battery, method for manufacturing same, and lithium secondary battery including same
WO2021025370A1 (fr) * 2019-08-06 2021-02-11 주식회사 엘 앤 에프 Materiau actif cathodique pour batterie de secours au lithium
KR20230013759A (ko) 2021-07-20 2023-01-27 주식회사 엘지화학 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬이차전지
KR20230027749A (ko) 2021-08-20 2023-02-28 주식회사 엘지화학 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬이차전지

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KR20130086805A (ko) * 2012-01-26 2013-08-05 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 양극, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 전지

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018066928A1 (fr) * 2016-10-05 2018-04-12 주식회사 엘지화학 Matériau actif de cathode pour batterie secondaire et batterie secondaire comprenant celui-ci
US11380891B2 (en) 2016-10-05 2022-07-05 Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. Cathode active material for secondary battery and secondary battery comprising same

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KR101977995B1 (ko) 2019-05-13

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