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WO2015096669A1 - 一种土壤条件改良装置 - Google Patents

一种土壤条件改良装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015096669A1
WO2015096669A1 PCT/CN2014/094394 CN2014094394W WO2015096669A1 WO 2015096669 A1 WO2015096669 A1 WO 2015096669A1 CN 2014094394 W CN2014094394 W CN 2014094394W WO 2015096669 A1 WO2015096669 A1 WO 2015096669A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
soil
annular body
ridge
hollow annular
condition improving
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PCT/CN2014/094394
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卡尔·查尔斯·斯蒂芬
陈文岳
李凡
李春楠
宋亮
石江
许亚俊
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Hangzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences
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Hangzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences
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Publication of WO2015096669A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015096669A1/zh
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B29/00—Rollers
    • A01B29/04—Rollers with non-smooth surface formed of rotatably-mounted rings or discs or with projections or ribs on the roller body; Land packers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of soil improvement, in particular to a soil condition improving device, which comprises increasing soil temperature, increasing soil moisture and reducing soil erosion.
  • the soil In the traditional farming method, the soil is usually in a loose state through production processes such as tillage, sowing, fertilization and harvesting. Thus, soil moisture is easily generated and soil erosion is exacerbated. Therefore, it is necessary to improve soil permeability and water storage capacity in a certain way, thereby effectively reducing soil erosion. At the same time, if you can solve the problems of water retention, seeding production and soil erosion reduction, you will get twice the result with half the effort.
  • the rolling roller device uses a driving machine to generate a series of pits on the surface of the soil by its own weight (or loading load) by linearly moving, thereby storing surface moisture and reducing soil erosion, although there is a certain storage.
  • the effect but because the soil is compacted, the soil surface is sealed, which not only improves the degree of soil consolidation, but also reduces the permeability of the soil. Therefore, it not only prevents soil erosion, but also reduces the water supply to the roots of the crop. Affect the healthy growth of crops. Recently, although people have reduced the weight of the crushing device, they still affect the water absorption properties of the soil.
  • Another example is the method and device for building water, which is completed by digging soil, excavating earth or bauxite, and cultivating the surface soil to form a water storage pit or a water storage tank.
  • This method does not produce on the soil surface. Compaction and attempt to use the loose state of the topsoil to promote the improvement of soil permeability.
  • the soil particles on the side wall of the dike and the surface of the soil are washed and deposited in the pit. At the end, these soil particles will seal the bottom of the pit, thus affecting the permeability of the soil.
  • the loose soil is more easily eroded by rainwater, resulting in soil erosion.
  • no-tillage method also known as conservation tillage
  • conservation tillage is defined as: “covering the surface with a large amount of straw residue, reducing the cultivation to as long as the seed can be germinated, mainly using pesticides to control weeds and pests. Technology.”
  • this method protects the surface of the soil, it also increases the difficulty of weed control. It usually requires the use of a large amount of herbicide, which not only increases the cost but also pollutes the environment.
  • the residual surface of the crop remains on the surface of the soil, on the one hand, it will affect the heating and drying process of the soil, on the other hand, it will affect the seed germination and seedling growth.
  • this method will affect the permeability of the soil and hinder the seepage of water into the deep soil and aquifer, so that soil erosion cannot be effectively prevented.
  • the water storage tillage system (U.S. Patent No. 5,628,372 A) is an agricultural machine having a series of multi-faceted peripheral ridge elements which are formed by the vertical impact of the ridge elements on the soil surface to form pits.
  • the outer edge of the ridge element is flattened, and the soil at the bottom of the roller is easily compacted, which affects the permeability of the soil; on the other hand, the flat outer edge is easy to stick to the soil, and when the soil is dropped, it is possible The fine particles are filled into the pits to seal the bottom of the pit, thereby further affecting the water absorption performance of the soil.
  • a soil conditioning device (U.S. Patent No. 7,747,864 B2) is an agricultural machine having a series of bow-shaped peripheral ridge elements that produce a series of reinforced bow-shaped dimples and optional when the device rolls over the soil surface.
  • the sputum structure increases soil permeability and reduces soil erosion.
  • this patented technology improves the material of the roller device (using lightweight, high hardness, tough material) and the shape of the ridge element (front and rear bow shape) to reduce the vertical surface generated on the soil surface. Pressure, and attempts to increase the surface area of the soil and increase the permeability of the soil when the soil flows through and around the surface of each component.
  • the outer edge of the bow-shaped ridge element still exerts vertical pressure on the soil surface.
  • the relative pressure is large, and the soil at the bottom of the pit is compressed to a higher degree, thus affecting Porosity and water permeability; on the other hand, the bow-shaped pit formed on the soil surface is too dense
  • the thickness of some of the pit walls is insufficient and it is easy to collapse, especially in the sandy soil, which is more obvious, and the shape of the adjacent crucible cannot be maintained for a long time, thereby affecting the function of the device.
  • the invention provides a soil condition improving device, which can strengthen the soil without compacting the soil, can also increase the soil surface area and increase the soil temperature on the basis of effectively preventing soil erosion; increase soil permeability and increase moisture Utilization; promote crop growth and increase production yield.
  • a soil condition improving device comprises a hollow annular body, and a plurality of ridge elements are arranged around the outer circumference of the hollow annular body; each of the ridge elements extends outwardly with a plurality of spaced peaks.
  • the ridge member of the soil condition improving device gradually decreases in thickness from the outer circumference of the hollow annular body in the radial direction. Relative to the center of the hollow annular body, the ridge element extends outwardly and thinner, which can provide greater pressure locally when rolling the soil surface, making the improved device easier to form pits on the soil surface, avoiding Some hard soil surfaces cannot be rolled or pressed down.
  • the invention further comprises a plurality of peaks in addition to the ridge elements.
  • the ridge elements form a series of reinforced hull-shaped pits on the soil surface, and the peaks are further at the bottom of the pits. Pressing down to form a series of tapered small recesses prevents the outer surface of the ridge element from compacting the soil.
  • the soil located between the ridge elements is gently reinforced or adhered by pressure in a substantially horizontal direction, and is applied to the bottom of the pit by pressure in a substantially vertical direction.
  • the soil condition improving device is rolled over the surface of the soil and can be implemented by mechanical, manual, and animal power devices.
  • the soil condition improving device can be used as a wheel of the traction device or passively pulled by the device.
  • a traction device such as a tractor pulls a cylindrical rolling tool on which a plurality of soil condition improving devices are mounted.
  • the main purpose of the soil condition improvement device is to increase soil permeability and water retention. When rainy, it can store rainwater, thus reducing surface runoff and soil erosion, and providing multi-task functions.
  • the hollow annular body can be placed on the wheel, the drum and the disk to facilitate the soil condition improving device to roll the soil surface.
  • the plurality of soil condition improving devices can be axially aligned and held to form a circle Cylindrical scrolling tool.
  • the soil condition improving device can be processed from relatively lightweight materials, including wood, plastic, rubber, and combinations of the above.
  • the soil condition improving device is made of plastic, a polymeric material (e.g., high density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene, etc.), or other such molded plastic material.
  • high-density polyethylene due to its advantages of light weight, high hardness and high toughness, is currently the preferred processing material.
  • a wear resistant release nanocomposite may be applied to the surface of the device to enhance the self-cleaning performance of the device during rolling operations.
  • a plurality of seed conveying pipes are arranged on one side of the hollow annular body in the axial direction.
  • the soil condition improving device of the present invention can simultaneously transport seeds from the seed conveying pipe to the soil surface in the case of improving the soil conditions, thereby realizing the effects of improving soil conditions and seeding. Further, the length of each seed conveying pipe in the radial direction of the hollow annular body is not greater than the width of the ridge member in the radial direction of the hollow annular body.
  • the length of the seed delivery tube is defined so that when the seed delivery tube rolls with the soil condition improving device, it can continuously sown the seeds in the tube into the soil, eliminating the cumbersome work of improving the soil conditions and then performing the sowing work. If the seed delivery tube is too long, it will rub against the ground and cause the seed conveying tube to bend or be damaged.
  • all of the seed delivery tubes are evenly arranged around the axis of the hollow annular body. That is, the seed delivery tubes are equally spaced, depending on the spacing of the particular crops.
  • the seed delivery tube includes a first opening facing the axis of the hollow annular body and a second opening facing away from and facing away from the hollow annular body. a projection of the second opening of the seed delivery tube in a radial plane of the hollow annular body relative to the axis of the hollow annular body, relative to a projection of the first opening in a radial plane of the hollow annular body The distance between the axes of the hollow annular body is large.
  • the first opening can cooperate with the seed supply mechanism to deliver the seed into the first opening and to the ground through the second opening when the seed delivery tube is rotated to a suitable position.
  • the angle between the seed delivery tube and the radial plane of the hollow annular body is ⁇ 0 degrees and ⁇ 90 degrees. This ensures that the seed delivery tube accurately spreads the seeds in the tube onto the soil surface.
  • the seed delivery tube is perpendicular to an axis of the hollow annular body.
  • the peak is tapered and the cone is facing outward.
  • the conical convex head not only facilitates the rolling of the soil condition improving device, but also facilitates the retention of water by the small concave holes formed by the peak on the soil surface without damaging the permeability of the soil.
  • the ridge elements are three spaced apart;
  • Each of the ridge elements is integrally connected to a portion of the hollow annular body, and a portion away from the hollow annular body constitutes a spaced-apart ridge structure; the ridge structure is a hull shape, and an outer surface thereof is provided with a non-slip pattern.
  • the soil condition improving device After rolling a circle on the soil, the soil condition improving device forms three boat-shaped pits on the soil. After the anti-slip pattern is set, the soil condition improving device does not easily slip during the rolling process, increasing the friction between the two.
  • All the peaks located on the same ridge element are equally spaced.
  • the peaks are equally spaced, and when the soil condition improving device rolls the soil, the peaks can be inserted into the soil at a medium spacing to form small recesses in order to maintain the soil's water permeability.
  • the positions of the peaks are not limited to being arranged along the same arc on the ridge elements, and the peaks may also be staggered on the ridge elements, and the arrangement of the peaks on each ridge element is not Limited to a single row.
  • the ridge member After the ridge member is provided with a peak on the ridge member, the ridge member can be formed into the pit while the ridge member forms a pit on the soil surface to further form a small recessed hole, the small recessed hole can make the soil surface Without compaction, the device can reinforce the soil without compacting the soil. On the basis of effectively preventing soil erosion, it can also increase soil surface area and increase soil temperature; increase soil permeability, increase water use efficiency, and promote crop growth. To increase production revenue.
  • the hollow ring body of the ring fabric of the present invention is provided with a seed conveying pipe, which can cooperate with the seed supply machine to complete the seeding task according to the planting requirements; it can be planted while ploughing the soil, and combines the two tasks of ploughing and sowing. Together, it is more conducive to improving work efficiency and saving production costs.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a diagram showing the structure of the pupil formed on the soil surface when the soil is rolled in the present invention.
  • a soil condition improving device comprises a hollow annular body 1 provided with three ridge members 2 around the outer circumference of the hollow annular body 1, each ridge member 2 having a bow-shaped front surface and a rear surface
  • the spacing between the front and rear surfaces is a sub-ridge element 21, each ridge element 2 having a blunt circular surface and two side walls that are inclined toward the hollow annular body such that each ridge element 2
  • the thickness is gradually reduced from the outer circumference of the hollow annular body 1 to form a hull-shaped pit on the surface of the soil.
  • the height h2 of the ridge member 2 is large, and the height h1 of the ridge member 21 is large, and the arc length L of the ridge member 2 around the outer circumference of the hollow annular body 1 is about 30 cm, and the height h2 is about 8 cm beyond the height h1.
  • the ridge element 2 can be machined from relatively lightweight materials, including wood, plastic, rubber, and combinations of the foregoing.
  • the soil condition improving device is made of plastic, a polymeric material (e.g., high density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene, etc.), or other such molded plastic material.
  • high-density polyethylene due to its advantages of light weight, high hardness and high toughness, is currently the preferred processing material.
  • a wear resistant release nanocomposite may be applied to the surface of the device to enhance the self-cleaning performance of the device during rolling operations.
  • Each of the ridge elements 2 extends outwardly with a plurality of spaced apart peaks 3, shown as four in the figure, all of the peaks 3 are equally spaced and the peaks 3 are tapered, with the cones facing outward.
  • the peaks 3 are shown as being tapered, it should be understood that the taper is only the optimum shape of the peaks 3, and it may also be a variety of structures with pointed ends, that is, the peaks 3 are away from the ridge elements 2.
  • the width or diameter of the end is less than the width or diameter of the peak 3 immediately adjacent the end of the ridge element 2.
  • One side of the hollow annular body 1 is annularly provided with a plurality of seed conveying pipes 4, and the length of each seed conveying pipe 4 in the radial direction of the hollow annular body 1 is not greater than the radial direction of the ridge member 2 along the radial annular body 1. Width, the seed conveying pipe 4 is evenly arranged around the axis of the hollow annular body 1, and the spacing between the various sub-transport tubes 4 is set according to the requirements of the planting crop.
  • the seed delivery tube 4 includes a first opening 42 facing the axis of the hollow annular body 1 and a second opening 41 facing away from and facing away from the hollow annular body 1; the second opening 41 is The projection of the projection in the radial plane of the hollow annular body 1 relative to the axis of the hollow annular body 1 is greater than the distance of the projection of the first opening 42 in the radial plane of the hollow annular body 1 from the axis of the hollow annular body 1.
  • the first opening 42 can cooperate with the seed supply mechanism to deliver the seed into the first opening 42 through the seed supply mechanism and to the ground through the second opening 41 when a seed delivery tube is rotated to a suitable position.
  • the angle between the seed conveying pipe 4 and the radial plane of the hollow annular body 1 is ⁇ 0 degrees and ⁇ 90 degrees, so that the seed conveying pipe 4 can accurately spread the seeds in the pipe on the soil surface.
  • the seed can be spread from the conveying pipe 4 to the soil as long as the seed conveying pipe 4 and the radial plane of the hollow annular body 1 can form an angle of 0-90 degrees, the seed conveying pipe 4 is most suitable for the hollow annular body 1
  • the axis is vertical and this arrangement is most beneficial for seeding.
  • the shape of the seed conveying pipe 4 is not limited to that shown in the drawings, and as long as the above requirements can be satisfied, pipes of various shapes are acceptable.
  • the ridge members 2 are three spaced apart; the ridge members 2 are gradually reduced in thickness from the outer circumference of the hollow annular body 1, and the portions of the ridge members 2 adjacent to the hollow annular body 1 are integrally connected, away from the hollow ring.
  • the portion of the body 1 constitutes a ridge structure 5 which is spaced apart, and the ridge structure 5 is of a hull shape, and its outer surface is provided with an anti-slip pattern (not shown).
  • the side surface of the ridge element 2 is two sides along the axial direction of the hollow annular body 1, and the top surface of the ridge element 2 is the surface of the ridge structure 5, since the ridge element 2 is radially from the outer circumference of the hollow annular body 1.
  • the outer thickness is gradually reduced, so that the two sides thereof gradually gather radially outward along the central annular body 1 to more easily plow the soil surface when contacting the soil surface.
  • Fig. 2 is a pupil structure which is left on the surface of the soil after rolling one turn on the soil using the apparatus of Fig. 1.
  • the soil condition improving device of the present invention forms three boat-shaped dimples 8 after rolling on the surface of the soil, and there are four small recessed holes 6 in the boat-shaped dimples 8, which are the ridge elements 2 The impression of the peak 3 on the surface of the soil.
  • a plurality of traces 7 are also shown in Fig. 2, whereby the outer surface of the ridge structure 5 can be proved to have an anti-slip pattern.
  • the cultivation comparison test of different crops is designed.
  • the treatment area is: after the field is ploughed and ploughed, the field condition improving device is used to compact the field, and then the live broadcast of the crop or Transplanting; the control area is: direct seeding or transplanting of crops after ploughing and cultivating the field; other production operations and field management are consistent. It turned out that the results were good.
  • the treatment area is: after the field is ploughed and ploughed, the soil condition improving device of this embodiment is used to roll the kneading surface; the control area is: the field is turned over.
  • the soil surface was rolled by another soil conditioning device (US Pat. No. 7,747,868 B2); and in the depression of each field, a plastic box was placed as a collector for the lost soil.
  • the skin was sprinkled over the field with a leather tube to simulate the rainfall process. After 1 hour, the water in the plastic box was removed, and the sand was collected and weighed. At the same time, 15 days later (October 11), it was collected again and weighed.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

一种土壤条件改良装置，包括中空环形体（1），绕所述中空环形体（1）的外周设有若干个凸脊元件（2）；每个凸脊元件（2）向外延伸有多个间隔设置的凸峰（3），其可在凸脊元件（2）于土壤表面上形成凹坑（8）的同时伸入该凹坑内进一步形成小凹孔（6），该小凹孔（6）可使土壤表面不压实，更有利于保持土壤对水的渗透性。土壤条件改良装置滚过土壤表面时，凸脊元件（2）在土壤表面形成一系列加固的船体形凹坑（8），而凸峰会在凹坑的底部进一步下压形成一系列锥形小凹孔（6），避免凸脊元件（2）外缘表面压实土壤。通过该装置可加固土壤却不会压实土壤，在有效防止水土流失的基础上，还可增加土壤表面积，提高土壤温度，增加土壤渗透性，提高水分利用率，促进作物生长量，提高生产收益。

Description

一种土壤条件改良装置 技术领域
本发明涉及土壤改良领域，尤其涉及一种土壤条件改良装置，包括提高土壤温度，增加土壤水分，减少水土流失。
背景技术
在传统的耕作方式中，通过翻耕、播种、施肥和收获等生产过程，土壤通常处于疏松状态，如此，极易产生土壤水分蒸发并加剧水土流失。因此，有必要通过某一方式以提高土壤的渗透性能和贮水能力，从而有效地减少水土流失。同时，如果能一次性解决保水保温、播种生产及减少水土流失等问题，将会事半功倍。
通常，人们通过压实土壤、筑埂囤水或用蓄水翻耕的方法来解决土壤侵蚀及地表水的利用问题，包括利用机械压实土壤成坑，如挖掘(或铲挖)法、盖印(或压印)法；利用设备在土壤表面建立灌水坑或蓄水池，如沟灌法、筑埂法。然而，这些方法只是暂时地将水分贮留在土壤表面，并没有真正提高土壤的渗透性能，因此，不可能有效地利用地表水分，也不可能切实地减少水土流失。同时，虽然，有部分机械装置能够完成单一的保水保土的任务，但至今却未曾有一种装置能同时完成减少地表径流和水土流失，提高土壤温度和湿度，增加作物产量和生产收益等全部功能。
例如，压碾滚轮装置，利用驱动机械，通过线性移动，凭借自身重量(或装载负荷)在土壤表面产生一系列的凹坑，以此来贮存地表水分，减少水土流失，虽然有一定的贮留效果，但由于压实了土壤，密封了土表，不但提高了土壤的固结度，而且降低了土壤的渗透性，因此，不仅不能切实地防止水土流失，而且会减少作物根部的水分供应，影响作物的健康成长。近来，尽管人们减轻压了压碾装置的重量，但是仍然会影响土壤的吸水性能。
又如，筑埂囤水的方法和装置，通过铲土、挖土或耙土来完成筑堤，培堆表层土壤以形成贮水坑或蓄水槽，此类方法虽然不会对土壤表面产生 压实，并试图利用表土的疏松状态促进土壤渗透性能的提高，然而，事实上，当流水注入到松软的土壤时，易造成堤埂侧壁及土层表面的土壤微粒被冲刷而沉积在坑底，随后这些土粒将会密封坑的底部，从而影响土壤的渗透性，同时，在雨天情形下，松土更易被雨水所冲蚀，产生水土流失。
再如，免耕法，(也称保护性耕作法，定义是：“用大量秸秆残茬覆盖地表，将耕作减少到只要能保证种子发芽即可，主要用农药来控制杂草和病虫害的耕作技术。”)是相对于传统播耕的一种新型耕作技术。此法虽然保护了土壤表面，但是也增加了杂草防治的难度，通常需要使用大量的除草剂，不仅增加成本，而且污染环境。同时，由于土壤表面留有作物的残茬残枝，因此，一方面，会影响土壤的加热和干燥过程，另一方面，会影响种子萌发和幼苗生长。最为关键的是，由于翻耕不够充分，所以，此法会影响土壤的渗透性，阻碍水分渗流到深层土壤及蓄水层，从而不能有效地防止水土流失。
迄今为止，也有相关的专利申请，其中以美国的两个专利为最新的应用技术和研发产品。
蓄水耕作系统(美国专利US5628372 A)，为一种农业机械，其具一系列多面周边凸脊元件，转动中由于凸脊元件在土壤表面的垂直冲击使土壤压实而形成凹坑，从而起到保持水土的作用。然而，一方面，凸脊元件的外缘呈削平状，易压实滚轮底部土壤，影响土壤的渗透性能；另一方面，扁平状的外缘易粘带碎土，当碎土落下时，可能会使细小颗粒填充凹坑，密封坑底，从而进一步影响土壤的吸水性能。
土壤调节装置(美国专利US7478684 B2)，为一种农业机械，其具有一系列船头形周边凸脊元件，当装置滚过土壤表面时，会产生一系列加固的船头形凹坑及任选的堰结构，从而增加土壤的渗透性并减少水土流失。虽然，此专利技术改进了滚轮装置的质材(选用重量轻、硬度高、韧性好的材料)和凸脊元件的形状(前、后船头形)，以此来减少对土壤表面产生的垂直压力，并试图当土壤流过并围绕各个元件的表面时，被提升揉捏、引导加固，以此来增加土壤的表面积，提高土壤的渗透率。然而，一方面，船头形的凸脊元件外缘还是会对土壤表面产生垂直压力，同时，由于着地面积较小，因此，相对压强较大，凹坑底部土壤被压缩程度较高，从而影响其孔隙度和渗水率；另一方面，土壤表面形成的船头形坑过多过密，导 致部分坑壁厚度不足，容易坍塌，尤其在砂质土壤中，更为明显，不能持久保持邻接堰的形状，从而影响装置功能的发挥。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种土壤条件改良装置，通过该装置可加固土壤却不会压实土壤，在有效防止水土流失的基础上，还可增加土壤表面积，提高土壤温度；增加土壤渗透性，提高水分利用率；促进作物生长量，提高生产收益。
一种土壤条件改良装置，包括中空环形体，绕所述中空环形体的外周设有若干个凸脊元件；每个凸脊元件向外延伸有多个间隔设置的凸峰。
土壤条件改良装置的凸脊元件自所述中空环形体的外周径向向外厚度逐渐减小。相对于中空环形体的中心，凸脊元件越向外延伸越薄，能在滚压土壤表面时，在局部提供更大的压强，使该改良装置更容易在土壤表面形成凹坑，避免在某些硬质土壤表面无法滚动或下压的情况。
本发明在凸脊元件外还设置有多个凸峰，土壤条件改良装置滚过土壤表面时，凸脊元件在土壤表面形成一系列加固的船体形凹坑，而凸峰会在凹坑的底部进一步下压形成一系列锥形小凹孔，避免凸脊元件外缘表面压实土壤。当该装置滚过土壤表面时，通过沿基本水平方向的压力作用于土壤表面，使位于凸脊元件间的土壤轻轻地加固或粘连，通过沿基本垂直方向的压力作用于凹坑底部，压扎成圆锥形凹孔，如此，经过该装置的揉捏、引导及冲压过程，形成一系列规则排列又加固的“堰孔”结构，既增加土壤的表面积，又减缓水流速度；既提高土壤的渗透性，又减少地表径流；既促进种子的萌发力，又防止水土流失。
土壤条件改良装置滚过土壤表面可用机械、人力、畜力装置来实施。土壤条件改良装置可以用作牵引装置设备的轮、或被动地由设备拖拉着。优选地，诸如拖拉机之类的牵引装置拉动其上装有多个土壤条件改良装置的圆筒型滚动工具。土壤条件改良装置的主要目的是，增加土壤的渗透率和保水性，当雨天时，可贮留住雨水，并因此减少地表径流及土壤侵蚀，以及提供多任务化功能。
所述中空环形体可套在轮、鼓、盘上，方便土壤条件改良装置滚压土壤表面。所述多个土壤条件改良装置可被轴向地对齐并保持，形成一个圆 柱形滚动工具。
土壤条件改良装置可由比较轻质的材料加工而成，包括木材类、塑料类、橡胶类及上述材料的组合。优选地，土壤条件改良装置由塑料，聚合材料(如高密度聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、乙烯等)，或其它这类模制塑料材料制成。其中，高密度聚乙烯，由于具有重量轻、硬度大、韧性高等优点，是目前首选的加工材料。任选地，可在装置表面加涂耐磨防粘的纳米复合材料，以提高装置在滚动作业过程中的自我清洁性能。
作为优选，所述中空环形体轴向的一侧环布有多根种子输送管。
本发明的土壤条件改良装置在对土壤条件进行改良的情况下，能同时将种子从种子输送管中输送至土壤表面，实现了土壤条件改善和播种两种功能集于一体的效果。更进一步，每根种子输送管沿该中空环形体径向方向的长度不大于所述凸脊元件沿该中空环形体径向方向的宽度。
种子输送管长度的限定是为了当种子输送管随着土壤条件改良装置滚动时，其能不断地将管内的种子播种到土壤中，省却了改良土壤条件后再进行播种工作的繁琐。种子输送管过长会与地面发生擦碰造成种子输送管的折弯或损坏。
更进一步，所有的种子输送管绕所述中空环形体的轴线均匀排布。即，所述种子输送管等间距排列，该间距可依据具体作物的播种间距而定。通过本土壤条件改良装置播种，能使播撒在土壤表面上的种子排列整齐，且种子都是按照种植所要求的间距排列。
更进一步，所述种子输送管包括第一开口和第二开口，该第一开口朝向该中空环形体的轴线，第二开口远离并背向该中空环形体。所述种子输送管的第二开口在该中空环形体的径向平面上的投影相对该中空环形体轴心的距离，比其第一开口在该中空环形体的径向平面上的投影相对该中空环形体轴心的距离大。
第一开口可以与种子供应机械相配合，当某根种子输送管转动到适宜位置时，通过种子供应机械将种子输送进入第一开口，并通过第二开口下落至地面。
更进一步，所述种子输送管与所述中空环形体的径向平面形成的夹角≥0度且＜90度。这样便可以保证种子输送管能准确地将管内的种子播撒在土壤表面。
更进一步，所述种子输送管与所述中空环形体的轴线垂直。
所述凸峰呈锥形，锥头朝外。锥形的凸头不仅方便土壤条件改良装置的滚动，而且其更有利于该凸峰在土壤表面形成的小凹孔对水的保持，不破坏土壤的渗透性。
所述凸脊元件为间隔布置的三个；
各凸脊元件贴近该中空环形体的部位连成一体，远离该中空环形体的部位构成间隔分布的脊状结构；该脊状结构为船体形，其外表面带有防滑花纹。在土壤上滚动一圈后，该土壤条件改良装置在土壤上形成三个船形凹坑。且设置了防滑花纹后，土壤条件改良装置在滚动的过程中不容易打滑，增加两者的摩擦力。
每个凸脊元件上设有2～10个凸峰。
位于同一个凸脊元件上的所有凸峰等间距间隔。所述凸峰等间距间隔，当土壤条件改良装置滚压土壤时，凸峰可插入土壤中等间距形成小凹孔，以便于保持土壤对水的渗透率。
所述凸峰的位置不限于在凸脊元件上沿同一弧形排布，凸峰也可以在凸脊元件上相互交错排布，且所述凸峰在每一个凸脊元件上的排布不限于单排。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明在凸脊元件上设置了凸峰后，其可在凸脊元件于土壤表面上形成凹坑的同时伸入该凹坑内进一步形成小凹孔，该小凹孔可使土壤表面不压实，通过该装置可加固土壤却不会压实土壤，在有效防止水土流失的基础上，还可增加土壤表面积，提高土壤温度；增加土壤渗透性，提高水分利用率；促进作物生长量，提高生产收益。
(2)本发明环布中空环形体设置有种子输送管，能配合种子供应机械，按照种植要求，完成播种任务；其可在翻耕土壤的同时进行播种，将翻耕和播种两项工作结合在一起，更有利于提高工作效率，节省生产成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明滚压土壤时在土壤表面形成的堰孔结构图。
其中：1、中空环形体；2、凸脊元件；21、亚凸脊元件；3、凸峰；4、种子输送管；41、第一开口；42、第二开口；5、脊状结构；6、小凹孔；7、痕线；8、船形凹坑。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，一种土壤条件改良装置包括中空环形体1，绕中空环形体1的外周设有3个凸脊元件2，每个凸脊元件2具有船头形的前表面和后表面，在前表面和后表面之间的间隔是一个亚凸脊元件21，每个凸脊元件2具有一个钝圆形表面和两个朝着中空环形体倾斜的侧壁，使每个凸脊元件2自中空环形体1的外周径向向外厚度逐渐减小，以在土壤表面形成船体形凹坑。两个侧壁之间有一个夹角，夹角的范围为约40°至80°。
凸脊元件2的高度h2比亚凸脊元件21的高度h1大，且凸脊元件2围绕中空环形体1的外周的连续延伸的弧长L约30cm，高度h2超出高度h1约8cm
凸脊元件2可由比较轻质的材料加工而成，包括木材类、塑料类、橡胶类及上述材料的组合。优选地，土壤条件改良装置由塑料，聚合材料(如高密度聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、乙烯等)，或其它这类模制塑料材料制成。其中，高密度聚乙烯，由于具有重量轻、硬度大、韧性高等优点，是目前首选的加工材料。任选地，可在装置表面加涂耐磨防粘的纳米复合材料，以提高装置在滚动作业过程中的自我清洁性能。
每个凸脊元件2向外延伸有多个间隔设置的凸峰3，图上显示为4个，所有的凸峰3等间距间隔且凸峰3呈锥形，锥头朝外。虽然图上显示凸峰3为锥形，但应知道，锥形只是凸峰3的最佳外形，其还可以是各种带有尖头的结构，即，凸峰3远离凸脊元件2的端部的宽度或直径小于凸峰3紧邻凸脊元件2的端部的宽度或直径。
中空环形体1轴向的一侧环布有多根种子输送管4，每根种子输送管4沿中空环形体1径向方向的长度不大于凸脊元件2沿中空环形体1径向方向的宽度，种子输送管4绕中空环形体1的轴线均匀排布，各种子输送管4间的间距根据播种作物的要求而设定。
种子输送管4包括第一开口42和第二开口41，第一开口42朝向中空环形体1的轴线，第二开口41远离并背向中空环形体1；第二开口41在 中空环形体1的径向平面上的投影相对中空环形体1轴心的距离，比第一开口42在中空环形体1的径向平面上的投影相对中空环形体1轴心的距离大。第一开口42可以与种子供应机构相配合，当某根种子输送管转动到适宜位置时，通过种子供应机构将种子输送进入第一开口42，并通过第二开口41下落至地面。另外，种子输送管4与中空环形体1的径向平面形成的夹角≥0度且＜90度，这样便可以保证种子输送管4能准确地将管内的种子播撒在土壤表面。虽然只要种子输送管4与中空环形体1的径向平面能形成0-90度间的夹角便能实现种子从输送管4播撒到土壤上，但种子输送管4最适宜与中空环形体1的轴线垂直，这种布置方式最有利于播种。另外，种子输送管4的形状不受限于图上所示，只要能满足上述要求，那么各种形状的管路皆可。
凸脊元件2为间隔布置的三个；凸脊元件2自中空环形体1的外周径向向外厚度逐渐减小，各凸脊元件2贴近中空环形体1的部位连成一体，远离中空环形体1的部位构成间隔分布的脊状结构5，脊状结构5为或船体形，其外表面带有防滑花纹(图上未示出)。凸脊元件2的侧面为沿中空环形体1轴向方向的两个侧面，凸脊元件2的顶面为脊状结构5的表面，由于凸脊元件2自中空环形体1的外周径向向外厚度逐渐减小，故其两个侧面沿中心环形体1径向向外逐渐收拢，以在接触土壤表面时更容易地对土壤表面进行翻耕。
如图2所示，图2是采用图1的装置在土壤上滚动一圈后在土壤表面留下的堰孔结构。本发明的土壤条件改良装置在土壤表面滚动后，形成了3个船形凹坑8，在船形凹坑8内还有4个小凹孔6，这4个小凹孔6是凸脊元件2上的凸峰3在土壤表面留下的印记。另外，图2上还示出了很多痕线7，以此可证明在脊状结构5的外表面带有防滑花纹。
应用例
以下通过在不同土壤类型、多种作物生产中的试验应用来对比本实施例与美国专利US7478684 B2中的土壤调节装置的不同，以体现该土壤条件改良装置具有良好的保水保温和增加产量的效果。
一、促进作物生长的试验
设计不同作物的栽培对比试验，处理区为：田块翻耕做畦后，先用本实施例土壤条件改良装置对田块进行压实操作，然后进行农作物的直播或 移栽；对照区为：田块翻耕做畦后直接进行农作物的直播或移栽；其它生产操作和田间管理均一致。结果发现，成效良好。
2012年1月14日，设计开展的马铃薯栽培对比试验，表明：虽然受到连续阴雨天气的影响，但从监测数据分析，本装置具有良好的土壤保温和保湿效果。
2012年4月20日，设计开展的玉米直播栽培对比试验，通过对试验区土壤状况的检测，及对生长玉米植株的考察，并经统计分析，结果表明：无论是6cm深度土壤，还是12cm深度土壤，也不管是土壤温度指标，还是土壤湿度指标，均呈显著差异(P﹤0.05)；同时，发现：处理区种植的玉米幼苗主根粗壮、毛细须根发达。此外，通过对成熟期玉米植株的考种发现：处理区种植的玉米在植株高度、单穗鲜重、每穗粒数等指标上均优于对照，并呈显著差异(P﹤0.05)，表明：本装置对玉米直播栽培具有良好的促进生长和增加产量的效果。
2012年8月16日设计开展的大豆移栽对比试验，通过生长情况及农艺性状的对比考查，发现：处理区种植的大豆株高、根瘤菌数及单株产量等指标均优于对照，并呈显著差异(P﹤0.05)，表明：本装置对大豆移植栽培具有良好的促进生长和增加产量的效果。
二、防止水土流失的试验
2013年9月24日，设计开展了水土流失对比试验，处理区为：田块翻耕做畦后，用本实施例土壤条件改良装置对畦面进行滚压操作；对照区为：田块翻耕做畦后，用另一土壤调节装置(美国专利US7478684 B2)对畦面进行滚压操作；并在每个田块的低凹处，挖坑放置一塑料箱作为流失水土的收集器。并在当天，用皮管向田块上方撒水，模拟降雨过程，1小时后，去除塑料箱内的水体，收集并称量土沙；同时，15天后(10月11日)，再次收集并称量土沙。数据比较，第一次的沙子收集量分别为4.53克/平方米、5.15克/平方米；第二次的沙子收集量分别为5.47克/平方米、11.85克/平方米，结果表明，在模拟降雨试验中，处理区和对照区的泥沙流失量差异不是非常明显；但在自然降水试验中，处理区的泥沙流失量还不到对照区的二分之一；由此可证明，该土壤条件改良装置的水土保持效果明显强于另一土壤调节装置(美国专利US7478684 B2)。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种土壤条件改良装置，包括中空环形体(1)，所述中空环形体(1)的外周设有若干个凸脊元件(2)；其特征在于，每个凸脊元件(2)向外延伸有多个间隔设置的凸峰(3)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的土壤条件改良装置，其特征在于，所述中空环形体(1)轴向的一侧环布有多根种子输送管(4)。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的土壤条件改良装置，其特征在于，每根种子输送管(4)沿该中空环形体(1)径向方向的长度不大于所述凸脊元件(2)沿该中空环形体(1)径向方向的宽度。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的土壤条件改良装置，其特征在于，所有的种子输送管(4)绕所述中空环形体(1)的轴线均匀排布。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的土壤条件改良装置，其特征在于，所述种子输送管(4)包括第一开口(42)和第二开口(41)，该第一开口(42)朝向该中空环形体(1)的轴线，该第二开口(41)远离并背向该中空环形体(1)。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的土壤条件改良装置，其特征在于，所述种子输送管(4)与所述中空环形体(1)的径向平面形成的夹角≥0度且＜90度。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的土壤条件改良装置，其特征在于，所述种子输送管(4)与所述中空环形体(1)的轴线垂直。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的土壤条件改良装置，其特征在于，所述凸脊元件(2)为间隔布置的三个；
    各凸脊元件(2)贴近该中空环形体(1)的部位连成一体，远离该中空环形体(1)的部位构成间隔分布的脊状结构(5)；该脊状结构(5)为或船体形，其外表面带有防滑花纹。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的土壤条件改良装置，其特征在于，每个凸脊元件(2)上设有2～10个凸峰(3)。
  10. 一种土壤条件改良装置于增加土壤表面积和渗透性的应用，所述的土壤条件改良装置如权利要求1-9中任一所述。
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