WO2015096223A1 - 一种电源转换电路 - Google Patents
一种电源转换电路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015096223A1 WO2015096223A1 PCT/CN2014/070459 CN2014070459W WO2015096223A1 WO 2015096223 A1 WO2015096223 A1 WO 2015096223A1 CN 2014070459 W CN2014070459 W CN 2014070459W WO 2015096223 A1 WO2015096223 A1 WO 2015096223A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/125—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
- H02H7/1252—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers responsive to overvoltage in input or output, e.g. by load dump
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/125—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
- H02H7/1257—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers responsive to short circuit or wrong polarity in output circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of power sources, and in particular relates to a power conversion circuit.
- each power supply corresponds to a feedback circuit for regulating the output voltage and output current to maintain relative stability.
- An object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a power conversion circuit, which aims to solve the problem that the same power source cannot be adaptive to a plurality of different loads.
- a power conversion circuit is connected between power supply loads, and the circuit includes:
- a power conversion unit for converting a power supply voltage into a first output voltage required for the first load or a second output voltage required for the second load, the input end of the power conversion unit being connected to the power source, the power source An output of the conversion unit is coupled to the first load or the second load;
- a first feedback unit configured to control the power conversion unit to adjust the output voltage according to the change of the first output voltage, where the first feedback unit has a first parameter, and an input end of the first feedback unit An output end of the power conversion unit is connected, and an output end of the first feedback unit is connected to a feedback end of the power conversion unit;
- a second feedback unit configured to control the power conversion unit to adjust the output voltage according to the change of the second output voltage
- the second feedback unit has a second parameter, and an input end of the second feedback unit An output end of the power conversion unit is connected, and an output end of the second feedback unit is connected to a feedback end of the power conversion unit;
- a first control unit configured to adjust, by the first feedback unit or the second feedback unit, the output voltage according to the first load or the second load, where an input end of the first control unit is The output of the external control circuit is connected, and the output of the first control unit is simultaneously connected to the control ends of the first feedback unit and the second feedback unit.
- the power conversion unit when the load changes, the power conversion unit adjusts the value of the output voltage through the feedback unit having different parameters to adapt to the requirements of different loads without changing the circuit structure, and the circuit has the advantages of simple structure, high stability, and realization cost. low.
- FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection unit in a power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a first overcurrent protection module in a protection unit in a power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a first overvoltage protection module in a protection unit in a power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a second overcurrent protection module in a protection unit in a power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a second overvoltage protection module in a protection unit in a power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a first feedback unit and a second feedback unit in a power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the power conversion unit when the load changes, the power conversion unit is controlled by a plurality of feedback units having different parameters to adjust the value of the output voltage to adapt to the requirements of different loads without changing the circuit structure, and the circuit has a simple structure and high stability.
- the implementation cost is low.
- FIG. 1 shows the structure of a power conversion circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of explanation, only parts related to the present invention are shown.
- the embodiment of the present invention is described by taking a single-channel power supply load as an example, but is not limited to a single-channel power supply application.
- the power conversion circuit is connected between the power source and the load 2, and includes:
- the power conversion unit 11 is configured to convert the power supply voltage into an output voltage required by the load, for example, outputting a first output voltage corresponding to the first load, and outputting a second output voltage corresponding to the second load, the input end of the power conversion unit 11 Connected to the power source, the output of the power conversion unit 11 is connected to the load 2 (where the load 2 is the first load or the second load);
- the power conversion unit 11 can be implemented by using an AC-DC circuit according to actual needs, or can be implemented by using a DC-DC circuit.
- the first feedback unit 12 is configured to control the power conversion unit 11 to adjust the output voltage according to the change of the first output voltage.
- the first feedback unit 12 has a first parameter, and the input end of the first feedback unit 12 and the power conversion unit 11 The output end is connected, and the output end of the first feedback unit 12 is connected to the feedback end of the power conversion unit 11;
- a second feedback unit 13 for controlling the power conversion unit 11 to adjust the output voltage according to the change of the second output voltage, the second feedback unit 13 having the second parameter, the input end of the second feedback unit 13 and the power conversion unit 11 The output end is connected, and the output end of the second feedback unit 13 is connected to the feedback end of the power conversion unit 11;
- the first feedback unit 12 and the second feedback unit 13 respectively have a first parameter and a second parameter, and the first parameter and the second parameter respectively refer to the first feedback unit 12 and the second feedback unit 13 respectively.
- the control power conversion unit 11 decreases the value of the output voltage if the first feedback unit 12 or the second feedback unit 13 When the output voltage is detected to be too low (compared to the load voltage), the power conversion unit 11 is controlled to raise the value of the output voltage.
- the first control unit 14 is configured to adjust the output voltage by the first feedback unit 12 or the second feedback unit 13 according to the requirement of the first load or the second load, and the input end of the first control unit 14 and the external control circuit 3 The output ends are connected, and the output of the first control unit 14 is simultaneously connected to the control ends of the first feedback unit 12 and the second feedback unit 13.
- the first feedback unit 12 or the second feedback unit 13 having different parameters are selected according to the change of the output voltage to adjust the output voltage to adapt to different loads.
- the power conversion unit when the load changes, the power conversion unit adjusts the value of the output voltage through the feedback unit having different parameters to adapt to the requirements of different loads without changing the circuit structure, and the circuit has the advantages of simple structure, high stability, and realization cost. low.
- the first feedback unit 12 includes:
- a tenth resistor R10 an eleventh resistor R11, a twelfth resistor R12, a third optocoupler IC3, a third semiconductor switching device Q3 and a first error amplifier IC6;
- One end of the tenth resistor R10 is an input end of the first feedback unit 12, and the other end of the tenth resistor R10 is simultaneously connected to one end of the eleventh resistor R11 and one end of the twelfth resistor R12, and the other end of the eleventh resistor R11 Grounding, the other end of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the current input end of the third semiconductor switching device Q3, the current output end of the third semiconductor switching device Q3 is grounded, and the control end of the third semiconductor switching device Q3 is the first feedback unit 12
- the control terminal, the anode of the LED IC3A of the third optocoupler IC3 is simultaneously the input end of the first feedback unit 12, and the cathode of the LED IC3A of the third optocoupler IC3 is connected to the cathode K of the first error amplifier IC6, the first error amplifier
- the anode A of the IC6 is grounded, the input terminal R of the first error amplifier IC6 is connected to the other
- the second feedback unit 13 includes:
- One end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is an input end of the second feedback unit 13, and the other end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is simultaneously connected to one end of the fourteenth resistor R14 and one end of the fifteenth resistor R15, and the fourteenth resistor R14 The other end is grounded, the other end of the fifteenth resistor R15 is connected to the current input end of the fourth semiconductor switching device Q4, the current output end of the fourth semiconductor switching device Q4 is grounded, and the control end of the fourth semiconductor switching device Q4 is the second feedback.
- the anode of the LED IC4A of the fourth optocoupler IC4 is simultaneously the input end of the second feedback unit 13, and the cathode of the LED IC4A of the fourth optocoupler IC4 is connected to the cathode K of the second error amplifier IC5, second The anode A of the error amplifier IC5 is grounded, the input terminal R of the second error amplifier IC5 is connected to the other end of the thirteenth resistor R13, and the collector of the transistor IC4B of the fourth photocoupler IC4 is the output end of the second feedback unit 13, fourth The transistor IC4B of the optocoupler IC4 is grounded.
- the third semiconductor switching device Q3 and the fourth semiconductor switching device Q4 can be implemented by using a triode or a MOS transistor.
- the third semiconductor switching device Q3 and the fourth semiconductor switching device Q4 is an N-type MOS transistor, wherein the drain of the N-type MOS transistor is the current input terminal of the third semiconductor switching device Q3 or the fourth semiconductor switching device Q4, and the source of the N-type MOS transistor is the third semiconductor switching device Q3 or the first
- the current output terminal of the semiconductor switching device Q4, the gate of the N-type MOS transistor is the control terminal of the third semiconductor switching device Q3 or the fourth semiconductor switching device Q4.
- the first error amplifier IC6 and the second error amplifier IC5 can be implemented by a KA431 type chip.
- the first control unit 14 may be implemented by using a logic gate circuit, or may be implemented by using an analog circuit or a single chip microcomputer or other integrated circuits.
- the voltage divisions of the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11, the thirteenth resistor R13, and the fourteenth resistor R14 are respectively adjusted, so that the resistance of the eleventh resistor R11 is greater than
- the resistance of the fourteenth resistor R14 is such that the first feedback unit 12 does not operate and the second feedback unit 13 operates.
- the output voltage is Vout1. Since the first feedback unit 12 is inactive and the second feedback unit 13 is working, the external control circuit 3 controls the first control unit 14 to the first feedback unit 12 through the control signal Sin2.
- the control signal Sout8 is output, the control signal Sout9 is output to the second feedback unit 13, the control signal Sout8 is at a high level, and the control signal Sout9 is at a low level.
- the N-type MOS transistor Q3 is turned on, and the N-type MOS transistor Q4 is turned off.
- the eleventh resistor R11 and the twelfth resistor R12 form a parallel structure, and the total resistance after the parallel connection is reduced (less than the resistance of the fifteenth resistor R15), causing the voltage of the input terminal of the first error amplifier IC6 to decrease (low
- the first error amplifier IC6 operates in the preset reference voltage, and the tenth resistor R10, the eleventh resistor R11, and the twelfth resistor R12 together constitute a feedback loop of the first feedback unit 12, due to the eleventh resistor R11 and the tenth
- the resistance of the two resistors R12 in parallel is smaller than the fifteenth resistor R15, so the second error amplifier IC5 does not work, the first error amplifier IC6 operates, that is, the second feedback unit 13 stops working, and the first feedback unit 12 starts working.
- the output voltage is Vout2. Since the first feedback unit 12 is in operation and the second feedback unit 13 is not working, the external control circuit 3 controls the first control unit 14 to the first feedback unit 12 through the control signal Sin2.
- the control signal Sout8 is outputted, and the control signal Sout9 is output to the second feedback unit 13, so that the control signal Sout8 is at a low level and the control signal Sout9 is at a high level.
- the N-type MOS transistor Q4 is turned on, and the N-type MOS transistor Q3 is turned off.
- the fourteenth resistor R14 and the fifteenth resistor R15 form a parallel structure, and the total resistance after the parallel connection is reduced (less than the resistance of the twelfth resistor R12), resulting in a decrease in the voltage of the input terminal of the second error amplifier IC5 (low
- the second error amplifier IC5 operates in the preset reference voltage, and the thirteenth resistor R13, the fourteenth resistor R14, and the fifteenth resistor R15 together constitute a feedback loop of the second feedback unit 13, due to the fourteenth resistor R14 and the
- the resistance of the fifteen resistor R15 in parallel is smaller than the twelfth resistor R12, so the first error amplifier IC6 stops working, the second error amplifier IC5 operates, that is, the first feedback unit 12 stops working, and the second feedback unit 13 starts. Work to achieve switching between two feedback units.
- the first control unit 14 when the load is changed, the first control unit 14 is controlled to switch between the first feedback unit 12 and the second feedback unit 13 by using the control signal Sin2, so as to realize that the feedback unit through different parameters is caused by the load change.
- the greatly changed output voltage is adjusted.
- FIG. 2 shows a preferred configuration of a power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and for convenience of explanation, only parts related to the present invention are shown.
- the protection circuit can be added to the power conversion circuit to achieve overcurrent protection and overvoltage protection, as detailed below:
- the power conversion circuit further includes:
- the current detecting unit 15 is configured to detect an output current, which is a first output current that is output to the first load when connected to the first load, or a second output that is output when connected to the second load. a second output current, the input end of the current detecting unit 15 is connected to the output end of the power conversion unit 11, and the output end of the current detecting unit 15 is connected to the load 2 (the first load or the second load);
- the protection unit 16 is configured to: when the first output current exceeds the first current threshold or the first output voltage exceeds the first voltage threshold, or when the second output current exceeds the second current threshold or the second output voltage exceeds the second voltage threshold.
- the control power conversion unit 11 enters a protection state, the first input end of the protection unit 16 is connected to the input end of the current detecting unit 15, and the second input end of the protection unit 16 is connected to the output end of the current detecting unit 15, the protection unit 16
- the control terminal is connected to the output terminal of the external control circuit 3, and the output terminal of the protection unit 16 is connected to the protection state control terminal of the power conversion unit 11.
- the output current is detected by the current detecting unit 15 to obtain the voltage across the current detecting unit 15, and when the output current is too high, the overcurrent or overvoltage protection signal is output, and the protective shutdown is performed to ensure the protection. There is no security issue when the power supply load or power supply fails.
- the power conversion circuit may further comprise a third feedback unit and even more feedback units to implement multiple adaptive switching of different loads by setting different parameters.
- FIG. 3 shows a preferred structure of a protection unit in a power conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. For the convenience of description, only parts related to the present invention are shown.
- the protection unit 16 includes:
- the first overcurrent protection module 161 is configured to control the power conversion unit 11 to enter a protection state when the first output current exceeds the first current threshold, where the first input end of the first overcurrent protection module 161 is the first of the protection unit 16 The input end, the second input end of the first overcurrent protection module 161 is the second input end of the protection unit 16, and the output end of the first overcurrent protection module 161 is the output end of the protection unit 16;
- the second overcurrent protection module 162 is configured to control the power conversion unit 11 to enter a protection state when the second output current exceeds the second current threshold, where the first input end of the second overcurrent protection module 162 is the first of the protection unit 16 The input end, the second input end of the second overcurrent protection module 162 is the second input end of the protection unit 16, and the output end of the second overcurrent protection module 162 is the output end of the protection unit 16;
- the first overvoltage protection module 163 is configured to control the power conversion unit 11 to enter a protection state when the first output voltage exceeds the first voltage threshold, and the input end of the first overvoltage protection module 163 is the second input of the protection unit 16 The output end of the first overvoltage protection module 163 is an output end of the protection unit 16;
- the second overvoltage protection module 164 is configured to control the power conversion unit 11 to enter a protection state when the second output voltage exceeds the second voltage threshold, and the input end of the second overvoltage protection module 164 is the second input of the protection unit 16 The output end of the second overvoltage protection module 164 is the output end of the protection unit 16;
- the second control unit 165 is configured to implement overcurrent and overvoltage protection by the first overcurrent protection module 161 and the first overvoltage protection module 163 according to the first load or the second load, or by the second overcurrent protection module 162 and
- the second overvoltage protection module 164 implements overcurrent and overvoltage protection.
- the input end of the second control unit 165 is the control end of the protection unit 16, and the first output end of the second control unit 165 is simultaneously connected to the first overcurrent protection module 161.
- the control terminal is connected to the control terminal of the first overvoltage protection module 163, and the second output terminal of the second control unit 165 is simultaneously connected to the control terminal of the second overcurrent protection module 162 and the control terminal of the second overvoltage protection module 164.
- the second control unit 165 may be implemented by using a logic gate circuit, or may be implemented by using an analog circuit or a single chip microcomputer or other integrated circuits.
- the power conversion circuit may further include a third control unit 17 for performing control processing on the plurality of overcurrent protection signals or overvoltage protection signals output from the protection unit 16 and outputting the signals to the power conversion unit 11.
- the external control circuit 3 controls whether the control module 165 selects protection by the first protection circuit or the second protection circuit according to the user instruction or the demand of the load of different voltages, when the first output voltage or the first output is used.
- the first overcurrent protection module 161 or the first overvoltage protection module 163 outputs an enable signal to control the power conversion unit 11 to enter a protection state;
- the second overcurrent protection module 162 or the second overvoltage protection module 164 outputs an enable signal to control the power conversion unit 11 to enter a protection state, to Prevent the circuit from being burnt due to excessive current or voltage, and even cause safety problems.
- the first current threshold or the first voltage threshold may be set according to actual requirements, for example, setting the first current threshold to be 150% of the first load rated current, and setting the first voltage threshold to be 150% of the first load rated voltage, Similarly, the second current threshold can be set to be 150% of the second load rated current, and the second voltage threshold is set to 150% of the second load rated voltage.
- the output current and the output voltage are different according to different loads (the first load or the second load), corresponding to different output currents and output voltages, respectively, in the first overcurrent protection module 161 and the second overcurrent protection module 162
- the second overcurrent protection module 162 and the second overvoltage protection module 164 are provided with different parameters to respectively perform different threshold overcurrent and overvoltage protection on different voltages.
- overcurrent protection modules and overvoltage protection modules should correspond to the number of feedback units, and each feedback unit should correspond to an overcurrent protection module and an overvoltage protection module.
- the first protection circuit includes a first overcurrent protection module 161 and a first overvoltage protection module 163.
- the second protection circuit includes a second overcurrent protection module 162 and a second overvoltage protection module 164.
- the first overcurrent protection module 161, see FIG. 4, includes:
- One end of the first resistor R1 is a second input end of the first overcurrent protection module 161, the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the inverting input end of the first operational amplifier U1, and one end of the second resistor R2 is the first one.
- the first input end of the current protection module 161, the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier U1, and the non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier U1 is also grounded through the third resistor R3, first
- the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the anode of the first diode D1, the cathode of the first diode D1 is the control end of the first overcurrent protection module 161, and the output end of the first operational amplifier U1 is also connected to the second semiconductor
- the control terminal of the switching device Q2 is connected, the current output terminal of the second semiconductor switching device Q2 is grounded, the current input terminal of the second semiconductor switching device Q2 is connected to the cathode of the light emitting diode IC2A of the second photocoupler IC2, and the light of the second photocoupler IC2 is illuminated.
- the anode of the diode IC2A is the second input end of the first overcurrent protection module 161, the emitter of the transistor IC2B of the second optocoupler IC2 is grounded, and the collector of the transistor IC2B of the second optocoupler IC2 is the output end of the first overcurrent protection module 161. .
- the voltages VA1 and VB1 between the nodes A and B are detected by a comparator or an operational amplifier.
- the voltage difference between the two nodes is too large, that is, the output current exceeds the overcurrent setting value, and the adjustment is performed.
- the resistance values of the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 cause the comparator or the operational amplifier to output a high level, and the control power conversion unit 11 implements overcurrent protection.
- the first overvoltage protection module 163, see FIG. 5, includes:
- the cathode of the first Zener diode Z1 is the input end of the first overvoltage protection module 163, the anode of the first Zener diode Z1 is connected to the anode of the LED IC1A of the first optocoupler IC1, and the LED IC1A of the first optocoupler IC1
- the cathode is connected to the current input end of the first semiconductor switching device Q1, the output end of the first semiconductor switching device Q1 is grounded, and the control end of the first semiconductor switching device Q1 is the control end of the first overvoltage protection module 163, the first optical coupling
- the collector of IC1 triode IC1B is the output end of the first overvoltage protection module 163, and the emitter of the triode IC1B of the first optocoupler IC1 is grounded.
- the first Zener diode Z1 is broken, and the optocoupler IC1 is turned on to achieve overvoltage protection.
- the second overcurrent protection module 162, see FIG. 6, includes:
- a seventh resistor R7 an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, and a third operational amplifier U3, a second diode D2, a sixth semiconductor switching device Q6, a sixth photocoupler IC6;
- One end of the seventh resistor R7 is a second input end of the second overcurrent protection module 162, the other end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to an inverting input end of the third operational amplifier U3, and one end of the eighth resistor R8 is a second one.
- the first input end of the flow protection module 162, the other end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier U3, and the non-inverting input terminal of the third operational amplifier U3 is also grounded through the ninth resistor R9, and the third The output terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the anode of the second diode D2, the cathode of the second diode D2 is the control terminal of the second overcurrent protection module 162, and the output of the third operational amplifier U3 is also connected to the sixth semiconductor.
- the control terminal of the switching device Q6 is connected, the current input end of the sixth semiconductor switching device Q6 is connected to the cathode of the LED IC6A of the sixth photocoupler IC6, and the anode of the LED IC6A of the sixth photocoupler IC6 is the second overcurrent protection module 162.
- the second input terminal, the current output end of the sixth semiconductor switching device Q6 is grounded, the emitter of the transistor 66B of the sixth photocoupler IC6 is grounded, and the collector of the transistor IC6B of the sixth photocoupler IC6 is the output end of the second overcurrent protection module 162.
- the second overvoltage protection module 164 includes:
- the cathode of the second Zener diode Z2 is the input end of the second overvoltage protection module 164, the anode of the second Zener diode Z2 is connected to the anode of the LED IC5A of the fifth optocoupler IC5, and the LED IC5A of the fifth optocoupler IC5
- the cathode is connected to the current input end of the fifth semiconductor switching device Q5, the output end of the fifth semiconductor switching device Q5 is grounded, the control end of the fifth semiconductor switching device Q5 is the control end of the second overvoltage protection module 164, and the fifth optical coupling
- the collector of IC5 transistor IC5B is the output end of the second overvoltage protection module 164, and the emitter of the transistor 55B of the fifth optocoupler IC5 is grounded.
- the second Zener diode Z2 when the output voltage Vout2 exceeds the overvoltage setting value, the second Zener diode Z2 is broken down, and the optocoupler IC5 is turned on to achieve overvoltage protection.
- the first operational amplifier U1 to the third operational amplifier U3 can each be replaced with a comparator.
- the first semiconductor switching device Q1, the second semiconductor switching device Q2, the fifth semiconductor switching device Q5, and the sixth semiconductor switching device Q6 can be implemented by using a triode or a MOS transistor, for example, the embodiment of the present invention.
- the first semiconductor switching device Q1, the second semiconductor switching device Q2, the fifth semiconductor switching device Q5, and the sixth semiconductor switching device Q6 are all N-type MOS transistors, wherein the drain of the N-type MOS transistor is the first semiconductor switching device.
- the source of the N-type MOS transistor is the first semiconductor switching device Q1, the second semiconductor switching device Q2, the fifth semiconductor switching device Q5 or the sixth semiconductor switching device Q6, the source of the N-type MOS transistor is the first semiconductor switching device Q1, the second semiconductor switching device Q2, the fifth The current output terminal of the semiconductor switching device Q5 or the sixth semiconductor switching device Q6, the gate of the N-type MOS transistor is the first semiconductor switching device Q1, the second semiconductor switching device Q2, the fifth semiconductor switching device Q5 or the sixth semiconductor switching device Q6 The console.
- the output voltage is Vout1
- the output current is Iout1
- the external control circuit 3 controls the second control unit 165 to the first overvoltage protection module 163 and the first by the control signal Sin1.
- the overcurrent protection module 161 outputs a control signal Sout5 to control the signal Sout6 to the second overvoltage protection module 164 and the second overcurrent protection module 162, respectively.
- the control signal Sout5 is at a high level
- the control signal Sout6 is at a low level.
- the N-type MOS transistor Q1 is turned on, the first overvoltage protection module 163 operates, and the second overvoltage protection module 164 does not work, and the overvoltage protection is implemented by the first overvoltage protection module 163.
- the first overvoltage protection module 163 outputs a signal Sout1 to the power conversion unit 11 to cause the power conversion circuit to be in an overvoltage protection state.
- the output current Iout1 When the output current Iout1 reaches the overcurrent set point, the voltage between the nodes A and B is detected by the current detecting unit 15, and when the voltage difference between the nodes A and B is too large, that is, when the output current Iout1 is too large, the node The voltage difference between the B voltage VB1 and the node A voltage VA1 increases, and the first operational amplifier U1 outputs a high level to control the N-type MOS transistor Q2 to be turned on, thereby starting the first overcurrent protection module 161 to operate, the first overcurrent protection The module 161 outputs a signal Sout2 to the power conversion unit 11 to make the power conversion circuit in an overcurrent protection state, and since the control signal Sout6 is at a low level at this time, no matter what signal is output from the third operational amplifier U3, the N-type MOS transistor Q6 The gate is always pulled low by the second diode D2, Therefore, the second overcurrent protection module 162 has no signal output.
- the output voltage becomes Vout2
- the output current is Iout2
- the external control circuit 3 controls the second control unit 165 to output the low level control signal Sout5 and the high level control signal Sout6.
- the N-type MOS transistor Q5 is turned on, the N-type MOS transistor Q1 is turned off, the second overvoltage protection module 164 is operated, and the first overvoltage protection module 163 is not operated to complete the switching from the first protection circuit to the second protection circuit.
- the output voltage Vout2 reaches the overvoltage set value
- the second overvoltage protection module 164 outputs a signal Sout3 to the power conversion unit 11 to cause the power conversion circuit to be in an overvoltage protection state.
- the output current Iout2 When the output current Iout2 reaches the overcurrent set value, the voltage between the nodes A and B is detected by the current detecting unit 15, and when the voltage difference between the nodes A and B is too large, that is, when the output current Iout2 is too large, the node The voltage difference between the B voltage VB2 and the node A voltage VA2 increases, and the third operational amplifier U3 outputs a high level to control the N-type MOS transistor Q6 to be turned on, thereby starting the second overcurrent protection module 162 to operate, and the second overcurrent protection
- the module 162 outputs a signal Sout4 to the power conversion unit 11 to make the power conversion circuit in an overcurrent protection state, and since the control signal Sout5 is at a low level at this time, no matter what signal is output from the first operational amplifier U1, the N-type MOS transistor Q2 The gate is always pulled low by the first diode D1, and therefore, the first overcurrent protection module 161 has no signal output.
- the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the number of feedback units.
- the third feedback unit or even the fourth feedback unit may be added to perform multiplex switching to adapt to different load voltages. While increasing the number of feedback units, the number of overcurrent protection modules and overvoltage protection modules can be increased accordingly to achieve overcurrent protection and overvoltage protection for the power conversion circuit in any output voltage.
- the power conversion unit when the load changes, the power conversion unit is controlled by the feedback unit having different parameters to adjust the value of the output voltage to adapt to the requirements of different loads, the circuit structure is simple, the stability is high, the implementation cost is low, and the load is also different.
- the protection circuit with different parameters is required to be set.
- the over-current protection module and the over-voltage protection module respectively satisfy the over-current protection and over-voltage protection of the power supply under the load condition of loading different parameters, thereby greatly improving the reliability of the circuit and stability.
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Abstract
一种电源转换电路包括用于将电源电压转换为第一负载所需的第一输出电压或第二负载所需的第二输出电压的电源转换单元(11),用于根据第一输出电压的变化控制电源转换单元调整输出电压并且具有第一参数的第一反馈单元(12),用于根据第二输出电压的变化控制电源转换单元调整输出电压并且具有第二参数的第二反馈单元(13),以及用于根据第一负载或第二负载选择通过第一反馈单元或第二反馈单元调节输出电压的第一控制单元(14)。在负载变化时,该电源转换电路通过具有不同参数的反馈单元控制电源转换单元调整输出电压的值,无需改变电路结构就可适应不同负载的需求。该电源转换电路具有结构简单、稳定性高、以及成本低的优点。
Description
本发明属于电源领域,尤其涉及一种电源转换电路。
随着集成电路的发展电源芯片已经应用在各种行业的产品中,通常,在传统的电源设计中,每个电源要对应一个反馈电路,用于调节输出电压以及输出电流,以保持相对稳定。
然而,随着电源供电终端的应用千变万化,其对电源供电能力需求也不断多样化。简单地说,由于负载的不同,将导致电源转换电路的输出电压和输出电流随之改变,因此,当负载变化时,输出电压相应发生变化,如果要用同一电源去适应负载,就要改变反馈电路的参数去调整输出电压。
但是,改变反馈电路的参数就意味着要重新设计电路,导致成本大幅增加,可操作性差,因此,目前同一电源无法自适应于多个不同的负载。
本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种电源转换电路,旨在解决目前同一电源无法自适应于多个不同的负载的问题。
本发明实施例是这样实现的,一种电源转换电路,连接于电源负载之间,所述电路包括:
电源转换单元,用于将电源电压转换为第一负载所需的第一输出电压或第二负载所需的第二输出电压,所述电源转换单元的输入端与所述电源连接,所述电源转换单元的输出端与所述第一负载或所述第二负载连接;
第一反馈单元,用于根据所述第一输出电压的变化控制所述电源转换单元调整所述输出电压,所述第一反馈单元具有第一参数,所述第一反馈单元的输入端与所述电源转换单元的输出端连接,所述第一反馈单元的输出端与所述电源转换单元的反馈端连接;
第二反馈单元,用于根据所述第二输出电压的变化控制所述电源转换单元调整所述输出电压,所述第二反馈单元具有第二参数,所述第二反馈单元的输入端与所述电源转换单元的输出端连接,所述第二反馈单元的输出端与所述电源转换单元的反馈端连接;
第一控制单元,用于根据所述第一负载或所述第二负载选择通过所述第一反馈单元或所述第二反馈单元调节所述输出电压,所述第一控制单元的输入端与外部控制电路的输出端连接,所述第一控制单元的输出端同时与所述第一反馈单元和所述第二反馈单元的控制端连接。
本发明实施例在负载变化时,通过具有不同参数的反馈单元控制电源转换单元调整输出电压的值,以适应不同负载的需求,而无需改变电路结构,该电路结构简单、稳定性高,实现成本低。
图1为本发明实施例提供的电源转换电路的结构图;
图2为本发明实施例提供的电源转换电路的优选结构图;
图3为本发明实施例提供的电源转换电路中保护单元的优选结构图;
图4为本发明实施例提供的电源转换电路中保护单元中第一过流保护模块的示例电路图;
图5为本发明实施例提供的电源转换电路中保护单元中第一过压保护模块的示例电路图;
图6为本发明实施例提供的电源转换电路中保护单元中第二过流保护模块的示例电路图;
图7为本发明实施例提供的电源转换电路中保护单元中第二过压保护模块的示例电路图;
图8为本发明实施例提供的电源转换电路中第一反馈单元和第二反馈单元的示例电路图。
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明实施例在负载变化时,通过多个具有不同参数的反馈单元控制电源转换单元调整输出电压的值,以适应不同负载的需求,而无需改变电路结构,该电路结构简单、稳定性高,实现成本低。
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的实现进行详细描述:
图1示出了本发明实施例提供的电源转换电路的结构,为了便于说明,仅示出了与本发明相关的部分。
本发明实施例以单路供电负载为例进行说明,但不限定于单路供电的应用。
该电源转换电路连接于电源与负载2之间,包括:
电源转换单元11,用于将电源电压转换为负载所需的输出电压,例如对应第一负载时输出第一输出电压,对应第二负载时输出第二输出电压,该电源转换单元11的输入端与电源连接,电源转换单元11的输出端与负载2(此处负载2为第一负载或第二负载)连接;
作为本发明一优选实施例,该电源转换单元11可以根据实际需求采用AC-DC电路实现,也可以采用DC-DC电路实现。
第一反馈单元12,用于根据第一输出电压的变化控制电源转换单元11调整输出电压,该第一反馈单元12具有第一参数,该第一反馈单元12的输入端与电源转换单元11的输出端连接,第一反馈单元12的输出端与电源转换单元11的反馈端连接;
第二反馈单元13,用于根据第二输出电压的变化控制电源转换单元11调整输出电压,该第二反馈单元13具有第二参数,该第二反馈单元13的输入端与电源转换单元11的输出端连接,第二反馈单元13的输出端与电源转换单元11的反馈端连接;
在本发明实施例中,第一反馈单元12和第二反馈单元13分别具有第一参数和第二参数,所谓第一参数、第二参数分别指第一反馈单元12和第二反馈单元13内部各个器件的参数设定的组合。
若第一反馈单元12或第二反馈单元13检测到输出电压过高(与负载电压相比),则控制电源转换单元11降低输出电压的值,若第一反馈单元12或第二反馈单元13检测到输出电压过低(与负载电压相比),则控制电源转换单元11升高输出电压的值。
第一控制单元14,用于根据第一负载或第二负载的需求选择通过第一反馈单元12或第二反馈单元13调节输出电压,该第一控制单元14的输入端与外部控制电路3的输出端连接,第一控制单元14的输出端同时与第一反馈单元12和第二反馈单元13的控制端连接。
在本发明实施例中,当负载变化时,根据输出电压的变化选择具有不同参数的第一反馈单元12或第二反馈单元13对输出电压进行调节,以适应不同负载。
本发明实施例在负载变化时,通过具有不同参数的反馈单元控制电源转换单元调整输出电压的值,以适应不同负载的需求,而无需改变电路结构,该电路结构简单、稳定性高,实现成本低。
作为本发明一实施例,参见图8,第一反馈单元12包括:
第十电阻R10、第十一电阻R11、第十二电阻R12、第三光耦IC3、第三半导体开关器件Q3以及第一误差放大器IC6;
第十电阻R10的一端为第一反馈单元12的输入端,第十电阻R10的另一端同时与第十一电阻R11的一端和第十二电阻R12的一端连接,第十一电阻R11的另一端接地,第十二电阻R12的另一端与第三半导体开关器件Q3的电流输入端连接,第三半导体开关器件Q3的电流输出端接地,第三半导体开关器件Q3的控制端为第一反馈单元12的控制端,第三光耦IC3的发光二极管IC3A阳极同时为第一反馈单元12的输入端,第三光耦IC3的发光二极管IC3A阴极与第一误差放大器IC6的阴极K连接,第一误差放大器IC6的阳极A接地,第一误差放大器IC6的输入端R与第十电阻R10的另一端连接,第三光耦IC3的三极管IC3B集电极为第一反馈单元12的输出端,第三光耦IC3的三极管IC3B发射极接地。
第二反馈单元13包括:
第十三电阻R13、第十四电阻R14、第十五电阻R15、第四光耦IC4、第四半导体开关器件Q4以及第二误差放大器IC5;
第十三电阻R13的一端为第二反馈单元13的输入端,第十三电阻R13的另一端同时与第十四电阻R14的一端和第十五电阻R15的一端连接,第十四电阻R14的另一端接地,第十五电阻R15的另一端与第四半导体开关器件Q4的电流输入端连接,第四半导体开关器件Q4的电流输出端接地,第四半导体开关器件Q4的控制端为第二反馈单元13的控制端,第四光耦IC4的发光二极管IC4A阳极同时为第二反馈单元13的输入端,第四光耦IC4的发光二极管IC4A阴极与第二误差放大器IC5的阴极K连接,第二误差放大器IC5的阳极A接地,第二误差放大器IC5的输入端R与第十三电阻R13的另一端连接,第四光耦IC4的三极管IC4B集电极为第二反馈单元13的输出端,第四光耦IC4的三极管IC4B发射极接地。
作为本发明一优选实施例,第三半导体开关器件Q3和第四半导体开关器件Q4均可以采用三极管或MOS管实现,例如,本发明实施例中,第三半导体开关器件Q3和第四半导体开关器件Q4均为N型MOS管,其中,N型MOS管的漏极为第三半导体开关器件Q3或第四半导体开关器件Q4的电流输入端,N型MOS管的源极为第三半导体开关器件Q3或第四半导体开关器件Q4的电流输出端,N型MOS管的栅极为第三半导体开关器件Q3或第四半导体开关器件Q4的控制端。
作为本发明一优选实施例,第一误差放大器IC6和第二误差放大器IC5可以采用KA431型芯片实现。
作为本发明一实施例,第一控制单元14可以采用逻辑门电路实现,也可以采用模拟电路或单片机或其他集成电路实现。
在本发明实施例中,在初始状态下,分别调节第十电阻R10和第十一电阻R11、第十三电阻R13和第十四电阻R14的分压,使第十一电阻R11的阻值大于第十四电阻R14的阻值,从而使第一反馈单元12不工作、第二反馈单元13工作。
在连接第一负载时,输出电压为Vout1,由于此时第一反馈单元12不工作、第二反馈单元13工作,外部控制电路3通过控制信号Sin2控制第一控制单元14向第一反馈单元12输出控制信号Sout8、向第二反馈单元13输出控制信号Sout9,令控制信号Sout8为高电平、控制信号Sout9为低电平时,此时,N型MOS管Q3导通、N型MOS管Q4关断,第十一电阻R11与第十二电阻R12构成并联结构,其并联后的总电阻减小(小于第十五电阻R15的阻值),导致第一误差放大器IC6的输入端电压降低(低于预设参考电压),第一误差放大器IC6工作,第十电阻R10、第十一电阻R11、第十二电阻R12共同构成第一反馈单元12的反馈回路,由于第十一电阻R11与第十二电阻R12并联后的电阻小于第十五电阻R15,因此第二误差放大器IC5不工作,第一误差放大器IC6工作,即第二反馈单元13停止工作,第一反馈单元12开始工作;
在连接第二负载时,输出电压为Vout2,由于此时第一反馈单元12工作、第二反馈单元13不工作,外部控制电路3通过控制信号Sin2控制第一控制单元14向第一反馈单元12输出控制信号Sout8、向第二反馈单元13输出控制信号Sout9,令控制信号Sout8为低电平、控制信号Sout9为高电平,此时,N型MOS管Q4导通、N型MOS管Q3关断,第十四电阻R14与第十五电阻R15构成并联结构,其并联后的总电阻减小(小于第十二电阻R12的阻值),导致第二误差放大器IC5的输入端电压降低(低于预设参考电压),第二误差放大器IC5工作,第十三电阻R13、第十四电阻R14、第十五电阻R15共同构成第二反馈单元13的反馈回路,由于第十四电阻R14与第十五电阻R15并联后的电阻小于第十二电阻R12,因此第一误差放大器IC6停止工作,第二误差放大器IC5工作,即第一反馈单元12停止工作,第二反馈单元13开始工作,实现两个反馈单元之间的切换。
本发明实施例在负载变换时,通过控制信号Sin2控制第一控制单元14在第一反馈单元12和第二反馈单元13之间实现切换,以实现通过不同参数的反馈单元对由于负载变化而引起大幅变化的输出电压进行调整。
图2示出了本发明实施例提供的电源转换电路的优选结构,为了便于说明,仅示出了与本发明相关的部分。
由于考虑到电源转换电路的安全稳定性,可以增加保护电路对电源转换电路实现过流保护和过压保护,详述如下:
作为本发明一实施例,电源转换电路还包括:
电流检测单元15,用于检测输出电流,该输出电流指在与第一负载连接时,向第一负载输出的第一输出电流,或在与第二负载连接时,向第二负载输出的第二输出电流,该电流检测单元15的输入端与电源转换单元11的输出端连接,电流检测单元15的输出端与负载2(第一负载或第二负载)连接;
保护单元16,用于在第一输出电流超过第一电流阈值或第一输出电压超过第一电压阈值时,或第二输出电流超过第二电流阈值或第二输出电压超过第二电压阈值时,控制电源转换单元11进入保护状态,该保护单元16的第一输入端与电流检测单元15的输入端连接,保护单元16的第二输入端与电流检测单元15的输出端连接,保护单元16的控制端与外部控制电路3的输出端连接,保护单元16的输出端与电源转换单元11的保护状态控制端连接。
在本发明实施例中,通过电流检测单元15检测输出电流从而得到电流检测单元15两端的电压,并在输出电流过高时,输出过流或过压保护信号,进行保护性关断,以保证电源负载或者电源发生故障时不会带来安全问题。
可以想到地,作为本发明一实施例,该电源转换电路还可以包括第三反馈单元,甚至更多的反馈单元,以通过设置不同的参数实现对不同负载的多路自适应切换。
图3示出了本发明实施例提供的电源转换电路中保护单元的优选结构,为了便于说明,仅示出了与本发明相关的部分。
作为本发明一实施例,保护单元16包括:
第一过流保护模块161,用于在第一输出电流超过第一电流阈值时控制电源转换单元11进入保护状态,该第一过流保护模块161的第一输入端为保护单元16的第一输入端,第一过流保护模块161的第二输入端为保护单元16的第二输入端,第一过流保护模块161的输出端为保护单元16的输出端;
第二过流保护模块162,用于在第二输出电流超过第二电流阈值时控制电源转换单元11进入保护状态,该第二过流保护模块162的第一输入端为保护单元16的第一输入端,第二过流保护模块162的第二输入端为保护单元16的第二输入端,第二过流保护模块162的输出端为保护单元16的输出端;
第一过压保护模块163,用于在第一输出电压超过第一电压阈值时控制电源转换单元11进入保护状态,该第一过压保护模块163的输入端为保护单元16的第二输入端,第一过压保护模块163的输出端为保护单元16的输出端;
第二过压保护模块164,用于在第二输出电压超过第二电压阈值时控制电源转换单元11进入保护状态,该第二过压保护模块164的输入端为保护单元16的第二输入端,第二过压保护模块164的输出端为保护单元16的输出端;
第二控制单元165,用于根据第一负载或第二负载切换通过第一过流保护模块161和第一过压保护模块163实现过流过压保护,或通过第二过流保护模块162和第二过压保护模块164实现过流过压保护,该第二控制单元165的输入端为保护单元16的控制端,第二控制单元165的第一输出端同时与第一过流保护模块161的控制端和第一过压保护模块163的控制端连接,第二控制单元165的第二输出端同时与第二过流保护模块162的控制端和第二过压保护模块164的控制端连接。作为本发明一实施例,第二控制单元165可以采用逻辑门电路实现,也可以采用模拟电路或者单片机或者其他集成电路实现。
作为本发明一实施例,电源转换电路还可以包括一第三控制单元17,用于对保护单元16输出的多个过流保护信号或过压保护信号进行控制处理后输出给电源转换单元11。
在本发明实施例中,外部控制电路3根据用户指令或者不同电压的负载的需求控制控制模块165选择通过第一保护电路实现保护还是第二保护电路实现保护,当第一输出电压或者第一输出电流过高(超过第一电流阈值或第一电压阈值)时,第一过流保护模块161或第一过压保护模块163输出使能信号控制电源转换单元11进入保护状态;当第二输出电压或者第二输出电流过高(超过第二电流阈值或第二电压阈值)时,第二过流保护模块162或第二过压保护模块164输出使能信号控制电源转换单元11进入保护状态,以防止电路因电流或电压过大烧毁,甚至引发安全问题。
此处,第一电流阈值或第一电压阈值可以根据实际需求设定,例如设置第一电流阈值为第一负载额定电流的150%,设置第一电压阈值为第一负载额定电压的150%,同样,可以设置第二电流阈值为第二负载额定电流的150%,设置第二电压阈值为第二负载额定电压的150%。
由于对应不同的负载(第一负载或第二负载)输出电流和输出电压不同,因此对应不同的输出电流和输出电压,分别通过在第一过流保护模块161和第二过流保护模块162中,以及第二过流保护模块162和第二过压保护模块164中设置不同的参数,来分别对不同的电压进行不同阈值的过流过压保护。
并且过流保护模块和过压保护模块的数量应与反馈单元的数量对应,每一个反馈单元均应对应一个过流保护模块和一个过压保护模块。
第一保护电路包括第一过流保护模块161和第一过压保护模块163,第二保护电路包括第二过流保护模块162和第二过压保护模块164。
保护单元16的示例电路详述如下,其中
第一过流保护模块161,参见图4,包括:
第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、第三电阻R3、第一运算放大器U1、第一二极管D1、第二半导体开关器件Q2、第二光耦IC2;
第一电阻R1的一端为第一过流保护模块161的第二输入端,第一电阻R1的另一端与第一运算放大器U1的反相输入端连接,第二电阻R2的一端为第一过流保护模块161的第一输入端,第二电阻R2的另一端与第一运算放大器U1的正相输入端连接,第一运算放大器U1的正相输入端还通过第三电阻R3接地,第一运算放大器U1的输出端与第一二极管D1的阳极连接,第一二极管D1的阴极为第一过流保护模块161的控制端,第一运算放大器U1的输出端还与第二半导体开关器件Q2的控制端连接,第二半导体开关器件Q2的电流输出端接地,第二半导体开关器件Q2的电流输入端与第二光耦IC2的发光二极管IC2A阴极连接,第二光耦IC2的发光二极管IC2A阳极为第一过流保护模块161的第二输入端,第二光耦IC2的三极管IC2B发射极接地,第二光耦IC2的三极管IC2B集电极为第一过流保护模块161的输出端。
在本发明实施例中,通过比较器或运算放大器检测节点A、B之间的电压VA1、VB1,当两节点之间的电压差值过大时,即输出电流超过过流设定值,调整第二电阻R2、第三电阻R3的阻值,使比较器或运算放大器输出高电平,控制电源转换单元11实现过流保护。
第一过压保护模块163,参见图5,包括:
第一稳压二极管Z1、第一光耦IC1以及第一半导体开关器件Q1;
第一稳压二极管Z1的阴极为第一过压保护模块163的输入端,第一稳压二极管Z1的阳极与第一光耦IC1的发光二极管IC1A阳极连接,第一光耦IC1的发光二极管IC1A阴极与第一半导体开关器件Q1的电流输入端连接,第一半导体开关器件Q1的输出端接地,第一半导体开关器件Q1的控制端为第一过压保护模块163的控制端,第一光耦IC1的三极管IC1B集电极为第一过压保护模块163的输出端,第一光耦IC1的三极管IC1B发射极接地。
在本发明实施例中,当输出电压Vout1超过过压设定值时,第一稳压二极管Z1被击穿,光耦IC1导通实现过压保护。
第二过流保护模块162,参见图6,包括:
第七电阻R7、第八电阻R8、第九电阻R9以及第三运算放大器U3、第二二极管D2、第六半导体开关器件Q6、第六光耦IC6;
第七电阻R7的一端为第二过流保护模块162的第二输入端,第七电阻R7的另一端与第三运算放大器U3的反相输入端连接,第八电阻R8的一端为第二过流保护模块162的第一输入端,第八电阻R8的另一端与第三运算放大器U3的正相输入端连接,第三运算放大器U3的正相输入端还通过第九电阻R9接地,第三运算放大器U3的输出端与第二二极管D2的阳极连接,第二二极管D2的阴极为第二过流保护模块162的控制端,第三运算放大器U3的输出端还与第六半导体开关器件Q6的控制端连接,第六半导体开关器件Q6的电流输入端与第六光耦IC6的发光二极管IC6A阴极连接,第六光耦IC6的发光二极管IC6A阳极为第二过流保护模块162的第二输入端,第六半导体开关器件Q6的电流输出端接地,第六光耦IC6的三极管IC6B发射极接地,第六光耦IC6的三极管IC6B集电极为第二过流保护模块162的输出端。
第二过压保护模块164,参见图7,包括:
第二稳压二极管Z2、第五光耦IC5以及第五半导体开关器件Q5;
第二稳压二极管Z2的阴极为第二过压保护模块164的输入端,第二稳压二极管Z2的阳极与第五光耦IC5的发光二极管IC5A阳极连接,第五光耦IC5的发光二极管IC5A阴极与第五半导体开关器件Q5的电流输入端连接,第五半导体开关器件Q5的输出端接地,第五半导体开关器件Q5的控制端为第二过压保护模块164的控制端,第五光耦IC5的三极管IC5B集电极为第二过压保护模块164的输出端,第五光耦IC5的三极管IC5B发射极接地。
在本发明实施例中,当输出电压Vout2超过过压设定值时,第二稳压二极管Z2被击穿,光耦IC5导通实现过压保护。
作为本发明一实施例,第一运算放大器U1至第三运算放大器U3均可以用比较器进行替换。
作为本发明一优选实施例,第一半导体开关器件Q1、第二半导体开关器件Q2、第五半导体开关器件Q5、第六半导体开关器件Q6均可以采用三极管或MOS管实现,例如,本发明实施例中,第一半导体开关器件Q1、第二半导体开关器件Q2、第五半导体开关器件Q5、第六半导体开关器件Q6均为N型MOS管,其中,N型MOS管的漏极为第一半导体开关器件Q1、第二半导体开关器件Q2、第五半导体开关器件Q5或第六半导体开关器件Q6的电流输入端,N型MOS管的源极为第一半导体开关器件Q1、第二半导体开关器件Q2、第五半导体开关器件Q5或第六半导体开关器件Q6的电流输出端,N型MOS管的栅极为第一半导体开关器件Q1、第二半导体开关器件Q2、第五半导体开关器件Q5或第六半导体开关器件Q6的控制端。
在本发明实施例中,假设在连接第一负载时,输出电压为Vout1、输出电流为Iout1,外部控制电路3通过控制信号Sin1控制第二控制单元165向第一过压保护模块163和第一过流保护模块161输出控制信号Sout5,分别向第二过压保护模块164和第二过流保护模块162控制信号Sout6,当控制信号Sout5为高电平时,控制信号Sout6为低电平,此时,N型MOS管Q1导通,第一过压保护模块163工作,第二过压保护模块164不工作,通过第一过压保护模块163实现过压保护。当输出电压Vout1达到过压设定点时,第一过压保护模块163向电源转换单元11输出信号Sout1,以使电源转换电路处于过压保护状态。
当输出电流Iout1达到过流设定点时,通过电流检测单元15检测节点A、B之间的电压,当节点A、B之间的电压差过大时,即输出电流Iout1过大时,节点B电压VB1和节点A电压VA1之间的电压差增大,第一运算放大器U1输出高电平控制N型MOS管Q2导通,进而启动第一过流保护模块161工作,第一过流保护模块161向电源转换单元11输出信号Sout2,以使电源转换电路处于过流保护状态,而由于此时控制信号Sout6为低电平,无论第三运算放大器U3输出什么信号,N型MOS管Q6的栅极始终通过第二二极管D2被拉低,
因此,第二过流保护模块162没有信号输出。
在连接第二负载时,输出电压变为Vout2、输出电流为Iout2,外部控制电路3控制第二控制单元165输出低电平的控制信号Sout5以及高电平的控制信号Sout6,此时,
N型MOS管Q5导通、N型MOS管Q1关断,第二过压保护模块164工作,第一过压保护模块163不工作,完成从第一保护电路向第二保护电路的切换。当输出电压Vout2达到过压设定值时,第二过压保护模块164向电源转换单元11输出信号Sout3,以使电源转换电路处于过压保护状态。
当输出电流Iout2达到过流设定值时,通过电流检测单元15检测节点A、B之间的电压,当节点A、B之间的电压差过大时,即输出电流Iout2过大时,节点B电压VB2和节点A电压VA2之间的电压差增大,第三运算放大器U3输出高电平控制N型MOS管Q6导通,进而启动第二过流保护模块162工作,第二过流保护模块162向电源转换单元11输出信号Sout4,以使电源转换电路处于过流保护状态,而由于此时控制信号Sout5为低电平,无论第一运算放大器U1输出什么信号,N型MOS管Q2的栅极始终通过第一二极管D1被拉低,因此,第一过流保护模块161没有信号输出。
可以理解地,本发明实施例并不限定反馈单元的数量,当负载的变化范围更大时,还可以增加第三反馈单元甚至是第四反馈单元进行适应不同负载电压的多路切换,当然,在增加反馈单元数量的同时,还可以相应增加过流保护模块以及过压保护模块的数量,以达到在任何输出电压的情况均可以实现对电源转换电路的过流保护和过压保护。
本发明实施例在负载变化时,通过具有不同参数的反馈单元控制电源转换单元调整输出电压的值,以适应不同负载的需求,电路结构简单、稳定性高,实现成本低,并且还针对不同负载需求设置具有不同参数的保护电路,通过多组过流保护模块以及过压保护模块分别满足在加载不同参数的负载情况下实现对电源的过流保护以及过压保护,大大提高电路的可靠性和稳定度。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (11)
- 一种电源转换电路,连接于电源和负载之间,其特征在于,所述电路包括:电源转换单元,用于将电源电压转换为第一负载所需的第一输出电压或第二负载所需的第二输出电压,所述电源转换单元的输入端与所述电源连接,所述电源转换单元的输出端与所述第一负载或所述第二负载连接;第一反馈单元,用于根据所述第一输出电压的变化控制所述电源转换单元调整所述输出电压,所述第一反馈单元具有第一参数,所述第一反馈单元的输入端与所述电源转换单元的输出端连接,所述第一反馈单元的输出端与所述电源转换单元的反馈端连接;第二反馈单元,用于根据所述第二输出电压的变化控制所述电源转换单元调整所述输出电压,所述第二反馈单元具有第二参数,所述第二反馈单元的输入端与所述电源转换单元的输出端连接,所述第二反馈单元的输出端与所述电源转换单元的反馈端连接;第一控制单元,用于根据所述第一负载或所述第二负载选择通过所述第一反馈单元或所述第二反馈单元调节所述输出电压,所述第一控制单元的输入端与外部控制电路的输出端连接,所述第一控制单元的输出端同时与所述第一反馈单元和所述第二反馈单元的控制端连接。
- 如权利要求1所述的电路,其特征在于,所述电源转换单元为AC-DC电路或DC-DC电路。
- 如权利要求1或2所述的电路,其特征在于,所述电路还包括:电流检测单元,用于检测输出给所述第一负载的第一输出电流或输出给所述第二负载的第二输出电流,所述电流检测单元的输入端与所述电源转换单元的输出端连接,所述电流检测单元的输出端与所述第一负载或所述第二负载连接;保护单元,用于在所述第一输出电流超过第一电流阈值或所述第一输出电压超过第一电压阈值时,或所述第二输出电流超过第二电流阈值或所述第二输出电压超过第二电压阈值时,控制所述电源转换单元进入保护状态所述保护单元的第一输入端与所述电流检测单元的输入端连接,所述保护单元的第二输入端与所述电流检测单元的输出端连接,电流检测单元所述保护单元的控制端与所述外部控制电路的输出端连接,所述保护单元的输出端与所述电源转换单元的保护状态控制端连接。
- 如权利要求3所述的电路,其特征在于,所述保护单元包括:第一过流保护模块,用于在所述第一输出电流超过所述第一电流阈值时控制所述电源转换单元进入保护状态,所述第一过流保护模块的第一输入端为所述保护单元的第一输入端,所述第一过流保护模块的第二输入端为所述保护单元的第二输入端,所述第一过流保护模块的输出端为所述保护单元的输出端;第二过流保护模块,用于在所述第二输出电流超过所述第二电流阈值时控制所述电源转换单元进入保护状态,所述第二过流保护模块的第一输入端为所述保护单元的第一输入端,所述第二过流保护模块的第二输入端为所述保护单元的第二输入端,所述第二过流保护模块的输出端为所述保护单元的输出端;第一过压保护模块,用于在所述第一输出电压超过所述第一电压阈值时控制所述电源转换单元进入保护状态,所述第一过压保护模块的输入端为所述保护单元的第二输入端,所述第一过压保护模块的输出端为所述保护单元的输出端;第二过压保护模块,用于在所述第二输出电压超过所述第二电压阈值时控制所述电源转换单元进入保护状态,所述第二过压保护模块的输入端为所述保护单元的第二输入端,所述第二过压保护模块的输出端为所述保护单元的输出端;第二控制单元,用于根据所述第一负载或所述第二负载切换通过所述第一过流保护模块和所述第一过压保护模块实现过流过压保护,或通过所述第二过流保护模块和所述第二过压保护模块实现过流过压保护,所述第二控制单元的输入端为所述保护单元的控制端,所述第二控制单元的第一输出端同时与所述第一过流保护模块的控制端和所述第一过压保护模块的控制端连接,所述第二控制单元的第二输出端同时与所述第二过流保护模块的控制端和所述第二过压保护模块的控制端连接。
- 如权利要求1所述的电路,其特征在于,所述第一反馈单元包括:第十电阻、第十一电阻、第十二电阻、第三光耦、第三半导体开关器件以及第一误差放大器;所述第十电阻的一端为所述第一反馈单元的输入端,所述第十电阻的另一端同时与所述第十一电阻的一端和所述第十二电阻的一端连接,所述第十一电阻的另一端接地,所述第十二电阻的另一端与所述第三半导体开关器件的电流输入端连接,所述第三半导体开关器件的电流输出端接地,所述第三半导体开关器件的控制端为所述第一反馈单元的控制端,所述第三光耦的发光二极管阳极同时为所述第一反馈单元的输入端,所述第三光耦的发光二极管阴极与所述第一误差放大器的阴极连接,所述第一误差放大器的阳极接地,所述第一误差放大器的输入端与所述第十电阻的另一端连接,所述第三光耦的三极管集电极为所述第一反馈单元的输出端,所述第三光耦的三极管发射极接地;所述第二反馈单元包括:第十三电阻、第十四电阻、第十五电阻、第四光耦、第四半导体开关器件以及第二误差放大器;所述第十三电阻的一端为所述第二反馈单元的输入端,所述第十三电阻的另一端同时与所述第十四电阻的一端和所述第十五电阻的一端连接,所述第十四电阻的另一端接地,所述第十五电阻的另一端与所述第四半导体开关器件的电流输入端连接,所述第四半导体开关器件的电流输出端接地,所述第四半导体开关器件的控制端为所述第二反馈单元的控制端,所述第四光耦的发光二极管阳极同时为所述第二反馈单元的输入端,所述第四光耦的发光二极管阴极与所述第二误差放大器的阴极连接,所述第二误差放大器的阳极接地,所述第二误差放大器的输入端与所述第十三电阻的另一端连接,所述第四光耦的三极管集电极为所述第二反馈单元的输出端,所述第四光耦的三极管发射极接地。
- 如权利要求1所述的电路,其特征在于,所述第一控制单元为逻辑门电路、模拟电路或单片机。
- 如权利要求4所述的电路,其特征在于,所述第二控制单元为逻辑门电路、模拟电路或单片机。
- 如权利要求4所述的电路,其特征在于,所述第一过流保护模块包括:第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻、第一运算放大器、第一二极管、第二半导体开关器件、第二光耦;所述第一电阻的一端为所述第一过流保护模块的第二输入端,所述第一电阻的另一端与所述第一运算放大器的反相输入端连接,所述第二电阻的一端为所述第一过流保护模块的第一输入端,所述第二电阻的另一端与所述第一运算放大器的正相输入端连接,所述第一运算放大器的正相输入端还通过所述第三电阻接地,所述第一运算放大器的输出端与所述第一二极管的阳极连接,所述第一二极管的阴极为所述第一过流保护模块的控制端,所述第一运算放大器的输出端还与所述第二半导体开关器件的控制端连接,所述第二半导体开关器件的电流输出端接地,所述第二半导体开关器件的电流输入端与所述第二光耦的发光二极管阴极连接,所述第二光耦的发光二极管阳极为所述第一过流保护模块的第二输入端,所述第二光耦的三极管发射极接地,所述第二光耦的三极管集电极为第一过流保护模块的输出端。
- 如权利要求4所述的电路,其特征在于,所述第一过压保护模块包括:第一稳压二极管、第一光耦以及第一半导体开关器件;所述第一稳压二极管的阴极为所述第一过压保护模块的输入端,所述第一稳压二极管的阳极与所述第一光耦的发光二极管阳极连接,所述第一光耦的发光二极管阴极与所述第一半导体开关器件的电流输入端连接,所述第一半导体开关器件的输出端接地,所述第一半导体开关器件的控制端为所述第一过压保护模块的控制端,所述第一光耦的三极管集电极为所述第一过压保护模块的输出端,所述第一光耦的三极管发射极接地。
- 如权利要求4所述的电路,其特征在于,所述第二过流保护模块包括:第七电阻、第八电阻、第九电阻以及第三运算放大器、第二二极管、第六半导体开关器件、第六光耦;所述第七电阻的一端为所述第二过流保护模块的第二输入端,所述第七电阻的另一端与所述第三运算放大器的反相输入端连接,所述第八电阻的一端为所述第二过流保护模块的第一输入端,所述第八电阻的另一端与所述第三运算放大器的正相输入端连接,所述第三运算放大器的正相输入端还通过所述第九电阻接地,所述第三运算放大器的输出端与所述第二二极管的阳极连接,所述第二二极管的阴极为所述第二过流保护模块的控制端,所述第三运算放大器的输出端还与所述第六半导体开关器件的控制端连接,所述第六半导体开关器件的电流输入端与所述第六光耦的发光二极管阴极连接,所述第六光耦的发光二极管阳极为所述第二过流保护模块的第二输入端,所述第六半导体开关器件的电流输出端接地,所述第六光耦的三极管发射极接地,所述第六光耦的三极管集电极为所述第二过流保护模块的输出端。
- 如权利要求4所述的电路,其特征在于,所述第二过压保护模块包括:第二稳压二极管、第五光耦以及第五半导体开关器件;所述第二稳压二极管的阴极为所述第二过压保护模块的输入端,所述第二稳压二极管的阳极与所述第五光耦的发光二极管阳极连接,所述第五光耦的发光二极管阴极与所述第五半导体开关器件的电流输入端连接,所述第五半导体开关器件的输出端接地,所述第五半导体开关器件的控制端为所述第二过压保护模块的控制端,所述第五光耦的三极管集电极为所述第二过压保护模块的输出端,所述第五光耦的三极管发射极接地。
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| CN103683931B (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
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