WO2015088030A1 - 反射波到来方向の推定方法、及びプログラム - Google Patents
反射波到来方向の推定方法、及びプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015088030A1 WO2015088030A1 PCT/JP2014/083058 JP2014083058W WO2015088030A1 WO 2015088030 A1 WO2015088030 A1 WO 2015088030A1 JP 2014083058 W JP2014083058 W JP 2014083058W WO 2015088030 A1 WO2015088030 A1 WO 2015088030A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S13/52—Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds
- G01S13/536—Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds using transmission of continuous unmodulated waves, amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S13/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
- G01S13/34—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
- G01S13/345—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal using triangular modulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S2013/0236—Special technical features
- G01S2013/0245—Radar with phased array antenna
- G01S2013/0254—Active array antenna
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/411—Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for estimating a direction of arrival of a reflected wave in a radar.
- radar that detects a target by using a radar such as a millimeter wave to measure the distance, relative speed, and direction from the target based on the reflected wave from another object (also referred to as a reflector, target, or target).
- a radar such as a millimeter wave
- the device has been put into practical use.
- radar systems using systems such as FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) radar, multi-frequency CW (Continuous Wave) radar, and pulse radar are known as in-vehicle radars.
- FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
- multi-frequency CW Continuous Wave
- pulse radar are known as in-vehicle radars.
- an array antenna type electronic scanning radar apparatus also referred to as an element space type
- an independent multi-beam type radar apparatus also referred to as a beam space type
- an in-vehicle radar as a signal processing technique for detecting the direction of an incoming wave (received wave) from a target, an AR spectrum estimation method (maximum entropy method or linear prediction method) that can obtain high resolution with a small number of channels in recent years. And a spectrum estimation method using a high resolution algorithm such as MUSIC (Multiple signal classification) method is used (for example, see Patent Documents 2 and 3 and Non-Patent Documents 1-3). ).
- MUSIC Multiple signal classification
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a radar apparatus, a radar method, and a control program capable of reducing a calculation load for detecting a target. .
- a reflected wave arrival direction estimation method includes an antenna that can transmit or receive by selecting any one of three or more azimuth distribution patterns with sensitivity.
- a method for estimating the direction of arrival of a reflected wave using a radar device having either of transmission or reception of radio waves in a first pattern that is one of the three or more azimuth distribution patterns of sensitivity One or both are performed to obtain the first reflected signal, and based on the first reflected signal, the number of targets in the reflected wave is estimated to obtain the first target number, and the three or more sensitivities are obtained.
- the second pattern which is one of the azimuth distribution patterns either or both of transmission and reception of radio waves are performed to obtain a second reflected signal, and the reflection is performed based on the second reflected signal.
- Estimate the number of targets in the wave The third reflected signal is obtained by performing one or both of radio wave transmission and reception in a third pattern which is one of the three or more sensitivity orientation distribution patterns.
- the third target number is obtained by estimating the number of targets in the reflected wave based on the third reflected signal, the first target number, the second target number, and the third target number.
- the estimated number of targets and the target orientation of the target are estimated by using the number of targets, the orientation distribution of the sensitivity of the first pattern, the orientation distribution of the sensitivity of the second pattern, and the orientation distribution of the sensitivity of the third pattern. .
- One aspect of the present invention selects one of the three or more sensitivity azimuth distribution patterns from the three or more sensitivity azimuth distribution patterns, wherein the antenna has sensitivity to the estimated target distribution azimuth.
- the selected pattern is any one of the first to third patterns
- the reflected signal obtained in the pattern is selected as a reflected wave arrival direction estimation signal
- the selected pattern is the first pattern. If it is not one of the first to third patterns, a reflected wave arrival direction estimation signal is obtained by transmitting and / or receiving radio waves in the selected pattern, and the estimated number of targets and reflected waves In the method of calculating the direction of arrival of the reflected wave with respect to the direction in which the antenna is sensitive in the selected pattern using the signal for estimating the direction of arrival There.
- the antenna has a sensitivity in the second pattern in a part of an orientation having no sensitivity in the first pattern, and the antenna has a sensitivity in the second pattern.
- the third pattern has a sensitivity.
- the antenna has a sensitivity in the first pattern. May be a sensitive method.
- the antenna includes three or more antenna elements, and two of the three or more antenna elements are included in any one or more of the first to third patterns.
- a method in which a number of antenna elements smaller than the total number of antenna elements is driven may be used.
- the antenna includes three or more antenna elements, and at least two of the three or more antenna elements in the first to third patterns.
- the number of antenna elements smaller than the total number of the antenna elements may be driven, and the combination of the driven antenna elements may be different in the two patterns.
- the antenna includes three or more antenna elements, and at least two of the three or more antenna elements in the first to third patterns. And a smaller number of antenna elements than the total number of antenna elements are driven, and in the two patterns, at least one of the driven antenna elements gives a phase difference to radio waves to be transmitted or received
- the phase difference provided by the phase shifter may be variable, and the phase difference value provided by the phase shifter may be different in the two patterns.
- One embodiment of the present invention may be a method in which the antenna includes three or more antenna elements, and at least two of the three or more antenna elements do not overlap with each other in directions having sensitivity.
- One embodiment of the present invention may be a method in which the antenna includes a dielectric lens.
- the antenna is a phased array antenna having three or more antenna elements, and at least two of the three or more antenna elements include a phase shifter that gives a phase difference to a radio wave to be transmitted. And in at least two of the first to third patterns, beam forming is performed by adding a phase difference to the radio wave by the phase shifter, and in each of the at least two patterns, each pattern is transmitted from an antenna.
- a method of beam shapes extending in different directions may be used.
- One aspect of the present invention is directed to each of the reflected signals with respect to each of at least two reflected signals obtained by transmission and reception in the at least two patterns of any of the first to third reflected signals.
- a method may be used in which digital beam forming is performed to extract a component in a direction in which the beam extends in the pattern when the pattern is obtained.
- two or more of the three or more antenna elements are driven to obtain the first to third target numbers.
- a correlation matrix and an eigenvalue of the correlation matrix may be calculated.
- a control program recorded in a nonvolatile storage medium according to one embodiment of the present invention and executed by a computer selects any one of three or more orientation distribution patterns of sensitivity.
- the first reflected signal is obtained by performing either one or both of transmission and reception of radio waves in the first pattern, which is one of the first pattern, and based on the first reflected signal, Estimating the number of targets to obtain a first number of targets, and in the second pattern, which is one of the three or more sensitivity orientation distribution patterns, either one of transmission and reception of radio waves or To obtain a second reflected signal, estimate the number of targets in the reflected wave based on the second reflected signal to obtain a second target number, and obtain an orientation distribution of the three or more sensitivities.
- the third pattern which is one of the patterns, either or both of radio wave transmission and reception are performed to obtain a third reflected signal, and the reflected wave is generated based on the third reflected signal.
- the third target number is obtained by estimating the number of targets, and the first target number, the second target number, the third target number, and the orientation distribution of the sensitivity of the first pattern are obtained. And the second pattern sensitivity azimuth distribution and the third pattern sensitivity azimuth distribution to estimate the estimated number of targets and target presence azimuth, and record them on a computer-readable storage medium rather than temporarily. Is Program.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a radar apparatus, a radar method, and a control program capable of selecting an appropriate detection method according to the target situation.
- an antenna system that forms a plurality of independent beams is referred to as an “independent multi-beam antenna system”.
- a beam means the area
- An “independent multi-beam antenna” is an antenna that forms a plurality of independent beams having different directions.
- a typical example of an independent multi-beam antenna includes a lens or a reflecting mirror having a plurality of focal points, and a plurality of antenna elements (a plurality of beam elements or a plurality of feed elements) respectively placed at the positions of the plurality of focal points.
- Another example of the independent multi-beam antenna includes a plurality of partial array antennas. By changing the beam radiation direction for each partial array antenna, a plurality of beams can be radiated simultaneously in different directions, or one or more in different directions in order within a “short enough time” equivalent to “simultaneous”. A beam can be emitted.
- Each partial array antenna has several antenna elements arranged in an array, and uses these several antenna elements to radiate a beam in a specific direction.
- Each antenna element may be a component of any one partial array antenna, or may be a component of two or more partial array antennas.
- Each “partial array antenna” corresponds to the “beam element” or “feed element” described above.
- the received signals in each of the plurality of beam elements are different signals depending on the beam direction. More specifically, the received signal of one beam is independent of the received signals of the other beams, and there is no substantial correlation between these received signals.
- the partial array antenna described above there can be a correlation between the antenna elements constituting each partial array antenna.
- phased array antenna An array antenna composed of three or more antenna elements on which beams to be formed are superimposed is called a phased array antenna in the present invention.
- This is an opposite concept to the independent multi-beam antenna.
- it is possible to configure an antenna including a plurality of phased array antennas and having a small correlation between signals between the plurality of phased array antennas.
- Such an antenna is an independent multi-beam antenna in which the antenna forming each beam is a partial array antenna, and the partial array antenna is a phased array antenna.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an independent multi-beam radar device 101 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention is applied to an in-vehicle multi-wave millimeter-wave radar using a dielectric lens antenna is shown.
- an independent multi-beam radar device 101 includes a dielectric lens 1 and a plurality of beam elements (antenna elements) 2-1 to 2-M that are a plurality of primary feeds.
- An ADC A / D (Analog-to-Digital) converter) 7
- a signal processing unit 8 a control unit 11, a VCO (Voltage-Controlled Oscillator) 12, and a distributor 13.
- M is the number of beam elements 2-1 to 2-M.
- the independent multi-beam radar device 101 includes M amplifiers between M directional couplers 3-1 to 3-M and M mixers 4-1 to 4-M.
- (Amplifier) 21-1 to 21-M, an amplifier 22 between SW6 and ADC 7, an amplifier 23 between control unit 11 and VCO 12, and distributor 13 and M M amplifiers 24-1 to 24-M are provided between the mixers 4-1 to 4-M, and the distributor 13 and the M directional couplers 3-1 to 3-M are connected to each other.
- M amplifiers 25-1 to 25-M are provided in between.
- the antenna unit is configured by the dielectric lens 1 and the plurality of beam elements 2-1 to 2-M.
- multi-beams that can be transmitted and received simultaneously are formed by the directional couplers 3-1 to 3-M connected to the beam elements 2-1 to 2-M.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a first configuration example (denoted as signal processing unit 8) of the FMCW signal processing unit.
- the signal processing unit 8 according to the first configuration example of the present embodiment includes a memory 51, a frequency decomposition processing unit 52, a peak detection unit 53, a peak combination unit 54, and a distance / speed.
- a detection unit 55, a pair determination unit 56, an orientation detection unit 57, and a target determination unit 58 are provided.
- the control unit 11 adopts the FMCW method and outputs a signal to the VCO 12 via the amplifier 23.
- the VCO 12 outputs a CW signal (FMCW signal) subjected to frequency modulation to the distributor 13 based on the signal input from the control unit 11.
- the distributor 13 distributes the FMCW signal input from the VCO 12 into two, and distributes one distribution signal to each directional coupler 3-1 to 3-M via each amplifier 25-1 to 25-M.
- the other distributed signal is output to the mixers 4-1 to 4-M via the amplifiers 24-1 to 24-M.
- the FMCW signals sent from the distributor 13 to the directional couplers 3-1 to 3-M are transmitted to the beam elements 2-1 to 2-M via the directional couplers 3-1 to 3-M. And transmitted from each of the beam elements 2-1 to 2-M via the dielectric lens 1 (transmitted wirelessly).
- This transmission wave returns as a reflected wave when reflected by the target.
- the reflected wave is received by the beam elements 2-1 to 2-M via the dielectric lens 1, and input to the directional couplers 3-1 to 3-M.
- the received wave (received reflected wave) is input from the directional couplers 3-1 to 3-M to the mixers 4-1 to 4-M via the amplifiers 21-1 to 21-M. .
- Each mixer 4-1 to 4-M mixes the received wave (received signal) input from each directional coupler 3-1 to 3-M and the FMCW signal (transmitted signal) input from the distributor 13. Then, a beat signal as a result signal is output to each of the filters 5-1 to 5-M. Here, the number of elements (M) of beat signals is generated.
- the filters 5-1 to 5-M filter (band-limit) the beat signals input from the mixers 4-1 to 4-M, and output the band-limited beat signals to the SW 6.
- the beat signals input from the mixers 4-1 to 4-M to the filters 5-1 to 5-M are transmitted to the beam elements 2-1 to 2-1 generated in the mixers 4-1 to 4-M. This corresponds to beat signals of channels (CH) 1 to M corresponding to 2-M.
- SW6 performs a switching operation under the control of the control unit 11 and outputs beat signals input from the M filters 5-1 to 5-M to the ADC 7 via the amplifier 22.
- the SW 6 corresponds to the sampling signal input from the control unit 11 and CH1 to M corresponding to the beam elements 2-1 to 2-M that have passed through the filters 5-1 to 5-M. Are sequentially switched and output to the ADC 7 via the amplifier 22.
- the ADC 7 is controlled by the control unit 11, A / D-converts the beat signal input from the SW 6, and outputs it to the signal processing unit 8. Specifically, the ADC 7 inputs the CH1 to M beat signals corresponding to the beam elements 2-1 to 2-M, which are input from the SW 6 in synchronization with the sampling signal, in synchronization with the sampling signal. By converting, an analog signal is converted into a digital signal, and this digital signal is sequentially stored in a waveform storage area of a memory in the signal processing unit 8 (memory 51 shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 5 in this embodiment). As a result, the reception data (beat signal data) for each of the beam elements 2-1 to 2-M (each element CH) is sent to the signal processing unit 8.
- Control unit 11 controls the switching operation of SW6. Further, the control unit 11 controls the ADC 7. Specifically, the control unit 11 outputs a sampling signal to the SW 6 and the ADC 7.
- the control unit 11 is configured by, for example, a microcomputer, and is based on a control program recorded in a non-volatile storage medium such as a ROM (Read Only) Memory) (not shown).
- the entire beam radar apparatus 101 is controlled.
- the dielectric lens 1, the beam elements 2-1 to 2-M, the directional couplers 3-1 to 3-M, the amplifiers 21-1 to 21-M, and the mixers 4-1 to 4- M, filters 5-1 to 5 -M, SW 6, amplifier 22, and ADC 7 constitute a receiving unit.
- the receiving unit may be configured using a reflecting mirror that reflects a signal wave instead of the dielectric lens 1.
- the VCO 12 and the distributor 13 constitute a beat signal generation unit.
- the memory 51 stores time-series data (ascending and descending portions) obtained by A / D converting the received signal (beat signal) with respect to the waveform storage area based on the data from the ADC 7, and the beam elements 2-1 to 2- It is stored corresponding to each M. For example, when 256 pieces are sampled in each of the rising part and the falling part, data of 2 ⁇ 256 pieces ⁇ number of elements is stored in the waveform storage area. In this way, the beat signal for each CH of each of the beam elements 2-1 to 2-M is stored in the memory 51.
- the frequency resolution processing unit 52 converts each of the beat signals corresponding to each of the CH1 to CHM (each beam element 2-1 to 2-M) into a frequency component according to a preset resolution by, for example, Fourier transform. By doing so, a frequency point indicating the beat frequency and complex number data of the beat frequency are output. For example, if each of the ascending and descending parts has 256 sampled data for each beam element 2-1 to 2-M, beats are generated as complex frequency domain data for each beam element 2-1 to 2-M. The frequency is converted into 128 complex data (2 ⁇ 128 ⁇ element number data) in each of the rising and falling portions. The beat frequency is indicated by a frequency point. In this way, the frequency resolution processing unit 52 converts the beat signal into a beat frequency range by performing Fourier transform or the like for each CH of each of the beam elements 2-1 to 2-M.
- the peak detection unit 53 is set in advance from the peak in signal intensity (or amplitude, etc.) using complex number data with respect to the peak values of the intensity of the rising and falling areas of the triangular wave of the beat frequency subjected to frequency conversion. By detecting a beat frequency having a peak value exceeding a numerical value (peak detection threshold), the presence of a target for each beat frequency is detected, and the target frequency is selected. As described above, the peak detection unit 53 converts each of the complex number data in the beam elements 2-1 to 2-M into a frequency spectrum, thereby converting each peak value of each spectrum into a target depending on the beat frequency, that is, the distance. Can be detected.
- the peak combination unit 54 combines the beat frequencies and peak values of the ascending region and the descending region in a matrix form in a brute force manner for the beat frequencies and peak values output from the peak detection unit 53 for each beam element. As a result, all the beat frequencies in the ascending region and the descending region are combined and sequentially output to the distance / speed detecting unit 55.
- the presence of the target can be detected at each beam direction.
- the distance / speed detection unit 55 calculates the distance r to the target based on a numerical value obtained by adding the beat frequencies of the combinations of the ascending region and the descending region that are sequentially input.
- the distance / speed detection unit 55 calculates a relative speed v with respect to the target based on the difference in beat frequency of each combination of the ascending region and the descending region that are sequentially input.
- the calculation of the distance r and the relative velocity v is performed for each CH of the beam elements 2-1 to 2-M.
- the pair determination unit 56 generates a first pair table for each CH based on the input distance r, relative speed v, and peak value levels pu and pd for ascending and descending, and ascending region and descending corresponding to each target. Appropriate combinations of the respective peaks in the region are determined, the pairs of the respective peaks in the ascending region and the descending region are determined as the second pair table, and the target group number indicating the determined distance r and relative velocity v is determined as the target. To the unit 58.
- the first pair table is a table indicating the beat frequency matrix of the ascending region and the descending region in the peak combination unit 54, and the intersection and the distance and relative speed at the combination of the beat frequencies of the ascending region and the descending region. is there.
- the second pair table is a table showing the distance, relative speed, and frequency point for each target group. As an example, a distance, a relative speed, and a frequency point (ascending region and / or descending region) are stored in the second pair table corresponding to the target group number.
- the first pair table and the second pair table are stored in the internal storage unit of the pair determination unit 56, for example.
- a combination of target groups is selected by giving priority to the value predicted in the current detection cycle from the distance r and the relative speed v with each target finally determined in the previous detection cycle. It is also possible to use a technique such as
- the pair determination unit 56 notifies the frequency resolution processing unit 52 of the frequency at which the pair is determined for each CH.
- the frequency resolution processing unit 52 outputs specific frequency point data (complex number data) of the beam elements 2-1 to 2-M (CH) for performing azimuth estimation (azimuth detection) to the azimuth detection unit 57.
- specific frequency point data complex number data
- CH beam elements 2-1 to 2-M
- azimuth estimation azimuth detection
- the azimuth detecting unit 57 detects the azimuth of the target by an adaptive method.
- the azimuth detecting unit 57 performs spectrum estimation processing using a high resolution algorithm such as the MUSIC method or the linear prediction method.
- the direction detection unit 57 detects the direction of the corresponding target based on the result of the spectrum estimation, and outputs the detected direction to the target determination unit 58.
- the azimuth detecting unit 57 forms a virtual array antenna by performing Fourier transform on complex number data (beam element data) related to the plurality of beam elements 2-1 to 2-M constituting the antenna.
- the direction detection unit 57 After the complex number data (virtual array data) related to a plurality of virtual array elements to be processed, spectrum estimation processing is performed using the MUSIC method, linear prediction method, or the like of a high resolution algorithm. At this time, the direction detection unit 57 performs target direction estimation processing based on a plurality of beams selected from among the multi-beams that can be transmitted by the antenna unit. The mechanism by which the azimuth detector 57 selects the beam will be described later. In the present embodiment, the azimuth detecting unit 57 may detect the azimuth of the target by the maximum likelihood estimation method of the high resolution algorithm based on the complex amplitude data relating to the beam elements 2-1 to 2-M.
- the target determination unit 58 determines the target using the distance r, the relative speed v, the frequency point output from the pair determination unit 56, and the direction of the target detected by the direction detection unit 57.
- the direction is determined together with the target distance r and the relative speed v, and the target is determined.
- the amount of calculation may be larger than that in the monopulse method, but each target can be determined individually even when there are a plurality of targets in the beam.
- the antenna of the present embodiment when there are a plurality of targets in a range within the single beam within the resolution of the target distance, according to the monopulse method, Even if it cannot be detected, according to the adaptive method, it is possible to detect each of the plurality of targets.
- the direction detection unit 57 may detect the direction of the target by a monopulse method.
- the target direction detection by the monopulse method will be described.
- monopulse type azimuth detection two beams of which antenna patterns partially overlap are used as a set of multi-beams. According to this monopulse system, it is possible to detect a single target in one set of beams.
- the direction detector 57 detects the direction of the target based on the sum signal ⁇ and the difference signal ⁇ of the reflected waves of these two beams.
- the amount of calculation is generally smaller than that of the adaptive method. For this reason, according to the monopulse system, high-speed processing is possible compared with the adaptive system.
- the target determination unit 58 determines the target based on the direction of the target detected by the direction detection unit 57.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the transmission signal 1001 and the reception signal 1002.
- FIG. 3A shows the relationship between the FMCW signal and the beat signal. Specifically, the relationship between the transmission signal versus time and the reception signal versus time and the relationship between the beat signal versus time are shown.
- the horizontal axis indicates time
- the vertical axis indicates frequency.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing an example of the level of the received signal from the target for ascending (upward region) and descending (downward region). Specifically, the relationship between the received signal and the frequency in the ascending region and the descending region is shown.
- the horizontal axis indicates the frequency
- the vertical axis indicates the signal level (intensity).
- 3A includes, for example, a transmission signal 1001 obtained by frequency-modulating a triangular wave signal generated by the control unit 11 in the VCO 12, and a reception signal 1002 received by reflecting the transmission signal 1001 by a target. These beat signals 1003.
- an upstream section 1004 and a downstream section 1005 are shown.
- FIG. 3A also shows the center frequency f0, the modulation width ⁇ f, and the modulation time T.
- a received signal 1002 that is a reflected wave from the target is received with respect to a transmission signal 1001 to be transmitted, delayed in the right direction (time delay direction) in proportion to the distance from the target. Is done. Further, the received signal 1002 that is a reflected wave from the target fluctuates in the vertical direction (frequency direction) with respect to the transmission signal 1001 in proportion to the relative velocity with the target. That is, according to the beat signal 1003, the distance to the target and the relative speed to the target can be estimated.
- the target is 1 as shown in FIG. If there is one, one peak value will be in each of the ascending region and the descending region. That is, the number of targets can be estimated by obtaining a peak value of a signal obtained by frequency-converting the beat signal 1003.
- the upstream received signal 1011 has a peak value at the frequency fu.
- the downstream received signal 1012 has a peak value at the frequency fd.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the result of frequency decomposition of the beat signal and showing the beat frequency and its peak value.
- the horizontal axis indicates the frequency point of the beat frequency
- the vertical axis indicates the signal level (intensity).
- FIG. 4A shows three beat frequencies fu1, fu2, fu3 having peak values exceeding a preset numerical value (peak detection threshold) 1022 for the beat signal 1021 of the upstream specific beam CH. It is shown.
- FIG. 4B shows three beat frequencies fd1, fd2, and fd3 having peak values exceeding a preset numerical value (peak detection threshold) 1032 for the beat signal 1031 of the downlink specific beam CH. ing.
- the frequency decomposition processing unit 52 performs frequency decomposition, for example, Fourier transform, on the rising part (up) and the falling part (down) of the triangular wave from the sampled data of the beat signal accumulated in the memory 51. For example, frequency conversion to discrete time is performed. That is, the frequency decomposition processing unit 52 frequency-decomposes the beat signal into beat frequencies having a preset frequency bandwidth, and calculates complex number data based on the beat signal decomposed for each beat frequency.
- frequency decomposition for example, Fourier transform
- the peak detection part 53 detects a peak value from the signal level for every beat frequency shown in FIG.3 (B), detects presence of a target, and beat frequency of a peak value (both ascending part and descending part) Fu and fd are output as target frequencies.
- the peak combination unit 54 combines the beat frequencies and peak values of the ascending region and the descending region in a matrix form in a brute force manner for the beat frequencies and peak values output from the peak detection unit 53 for each beam element. As a result, all the beat frequencies in the ascending region and the descending region are combined and sequentially output to the distance / speed detecting unit 55.
- the distance / speed detection unit 55 calculates the distance r from the target frequency fu of the rising portion output from the peak combination unit 54 and the target frequency fd of the lowering portion by Expression (1).
- the distance / speed detection unit 55 calculates the relative speed v from the target frequency fu of the rising portion output from the peak combination unit 54 and the target frequency fd of the lowering portion by Expression (2).
- Equation (1) and Equation (2) C: speed of light ⁇ f: frequency modulation width of triangular wave f0: center frequency of triangular wave T: modulation time (rising part / falling part) fu: Target frequency in the rising part fd: Target frequency in the falling part.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a second configuration example (denoted as signal processing unit 8a) of the FMCW signal processing unit.
- the signal processing unit 8a according to the second configuration example of the present embodiment includes a memory 51, a frequency resolution processing unit 52a, a peak detection unit 53a, an orientation detection unit 57a, and a peak combination unit. 54a, a distance / speed detection unit 55a, and a target determination unit 58a.
- the memory 51 is the same as that shown in FIG. 2, and is given the same reference numerals as in FIG.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 5 is a configuration in which the pair is determined after detecting the azimuth in both upward (upward) and downward (downward) of the triangular wave in the FMCW system.
- the signal processing unit 8a shown in FIG. 5 determines the target by the adaptive method, similar to that shown in FIG.
- the signal processing unit 8a determines the target by performing azimuth estimation with a high resolution algorithm.
- differences from the one shown in FIG. 2 will be described.
- the frequency resolution processing unit 52a converts beat signals in the ascending region and the descending region for each antenna into complex number data, and outputs a frequency point indicating the beat frequency and complex number data to the peak detecting unit 53a. Further, the frequency resolution processing unit 52a outputs complex number data corresponding to each of the ascending region and the descending region to the azimuth detecting unit 57a. This complex data becomes the respective target groups (beat frequencies having peaks in the ascending region and the descending region) in the ascending region and the descending region.
- the peak detection unit 53a detects each peak value in the ascending region and the descending region and the frequency point where the peak value exists, and outputs the frequency point to the frequency resolution processing unit 52a.
- the azimuth detecting unit 57a performs a spectrum estimation process using a high resolution algorithm such as the MUSIC method or the linear prediction method.
- the direction detection unit 57a detects the direction of the corresponding target based on the result of spectrum estimation.
- the azimuth detecting unit 57a configures a virtual array antenna by performing Fourier transform on complex number data (beam element data) related to the plurality of beam elements 2-1 to 2-M constituting the antenna. After the complex number data (virtual array data) related to a plurality of virtual array elements to be processed, spectrum estimation processing is performed using the MUSIC method, linear prediction method, or the like of a high resolution algorithm.
- the azimuth detection unit 57a detects the angle ⁇ for each of the ascending region and the descending region, and outputs the angle ⁇ to the peak combination unit 54a as an azimuth table.
- the direction table is a table for combining the peaks of the ascending region and the descending region.
- an angle 1, an angle 2,..., And a frequency point f are associated with each target group.
- the target group 1 is associated with t1_ang1 of angle 1, t1_ang2 of angle 2, and f1 of frequency point.
- the target group 2 is associated with t2_ang1 of angle 1, t2_ang2 of angle 2, and f2 of frequency point. The same applies to subsequent target groups.
- the angle 1, the angle 2,..., And the frequency point f are associated with each target group.
- the target group 1 is associated with t1_ang1 of angle 1, t1_ang2 of angle 2, and f1 of frequency point.
- the target group 2 is associated with t2_ang1 of angle 1, t2_ang2 of angle 2, and f2 of frequency point. The same applies to subsequent target groups.
- the peak combination unit 54a uses the information in the direction table output by the direction detection unit 57a to perform combinations having the same angle, and outputs the beat frequency combination of the rising region and the falling region to the distance / speed detection unit 55a. To do.
- the distance / speed detection unit 55a calculates the distance r to the target by the above-described equation (1) based on a numerical value obtained by adding the beat frequencies of the combinations of the rising region and the falling region that are sequentially input. Further, the distance / speed detection unit 55a calculates the relative speed v with respect to the target by the above-described equation (2) based on the difference in beat frequency of each combination of the ascending region and the descending region that are sequentially input. Here, the distance / speed detection unit 55a calculates the values of the distance and the relative speed by a combination of an ascending region and a descending region of the beat frequency, respectively.
- the target determination unit 58a determines a pair of peaks in the ascending region and the descending region, and determines the target.
- the procedure for combining the respective peak values of the ascending region and the descending region after detecting the azimuth of the target based on the respective peak values of the ascending region and the descending region has been described as an example. Absent. For example, after combining the peak values of the ascending region and the descending region, the orientation of the target may be detected based on the combined peak value.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of multi-beam directivity.
- the horizontal axis represents the radiation angle
- the vertical axis represents the gain (gain).
- the example of FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the radiation angle and gain (gain) of a multi-beam having five beams, that is, the directivity of the beam.
- the directivity of beams B001 to B005 as five multi-beams is shown.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a flow of processing performed in the azimuth detecting unit 57.
- Data transmitted / received by a plurality of beam elements 2-1 to 2-M (CH) can be converted into data transmitted / received by a plurality of virtual array elements by Fourier transform 1101.
- the five beam elements 2-1 to 2-5 transmit and receive the beams 111-1 to 111-5 with the dielectric lens 1 interposed therebetween.
- FIG. 7 shows a case where the number of virtual array elements (virtual array elements) 112-1 to 112-9 (number of elements) is 9, as an example of a virtual array element.
- all the virtual array elements 112-1 to 112-9 are within the lens opening length of the virtual dielectric lens 1a equivalent to the dielectric lens 1 (the same opening length as the dielectric lens 1). Arranged to fit. In this example, a plurality of virtual array elements 112-1 to 112-9 are arranged.
- the virtual array elements 112-1 to 112-M for example, processing of a high resolution algorithm such as the MUSIC method or the linear prediction method, or the number of elements and the elements It is possible to perform beam forming with different intervals.
- a high resolution algorithm such as the MUSIC method or the linear prediction method
- the number of elements and the elements It is possible to perform beam forming with different intervals.
- the graph 211 of the relationship between the azimuth angle (angle) and the spectral intensity can be obtained using a high resolution algorithm, and based on this, the multi-target can be measured with high resolution.
- Input data can be set flexibly.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a first modification of the flow of processing performed in the azimuth detecting unit 57.
- the azimuth detecting unit 57 generates a steering vector based on a reception signal by a reflected wave from the target, calculates the likelihood of the arrival direction of the reflected wave, and thereby determines the arrival direction having the largest (higher) likelihood. Calculate as the direction of.
- the bearing detection unit 57 reads complex number data (step S1).
- the direction detector 57 creates a correlation matrix (covariance matrix) (step S2).
- the orientation detection unit 57 calculates eigenvalues ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3,... And eigenvectors e1, e2, e3,... By decomposing eigenvalues (step S3).
- the direction detection unit 57 estimates the order (step S4).
- the azimuth detecting unit 57 calculates the angle at which the likelihood is the largest (the maximum likelihood) (step S5). Then, the direction detector 57 detects the number of targets and the angle (step 6).
- the direction detection unit 57 can detect the number of targets and the direction (angle) of the target.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a second modification of the flow of processing performed in the azimuth detecting unit 57. In this example, a case where the high resolution algorithm MUSIC method is used is shown. This processing procedure is repeated for each beat frequency point at which the peak detected target exists.
- the direction detection unit 57 extracts complex number data (step S21).
- the azimuth detecting unit 57 converts the complex number data by a Fourier transform formula to calculate virtual array data (step S22).
- the direction detecting unit 57 creates a correlation matrix (covariance matrix) (step S23).
- the orientation detection unit 57 calculates eigenvalues ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3,... And eigenvectors e1, e2, e3,... By decomposing eigenvalues (step S24).
- the bearing detection unit 57 estimates the order (step S25).
- the direction detector 57 calculates a MUSIC spectrum (step S26). Then, the direction detection unit 57 detects the number of targets and the angle (step 27).
- the azimuth detecting unit 57 can detect the number of targets and the azimuth (angle) of the target also by the MUSIC method.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a flow of processing performed in the signal processing unit.
- the frequency resolution processing unit 52 extracts (calculates) complex data of each multi-beam (Step S100). Specifically, the frequency decomposition processing unit 52 performs frequency decomposition, for example, Fourier transform, on each of the rising part (up) and falling part (down) of the triangular wave from the sampled data of the beat signal stored in the memory 51. The complex number data based on the beat signal decomposed for each beat frequency is extracted (calculated) by performing frequency conversion to discrete time by, for example.
- frequency decomposition processing unit 52 performs frequency decomposition, for example, Fourier transform, on each of the rising part (up) and falling part (down) of the triangular wave from the sampled data of the beat signal stored in the memory 51.
- the complex number data based on the beat signal decomposed for each beat frequency is extracted (calculated) by performing frequency conversion to discrete time by, for example.
- the distance / speed detection unit 55 calculates the distance r from the target frequency fu of the ascending portion output from the peak combination unit 54 and the target frequency fd of the descending portion according to the above-described equation (1) (step S110).
- the direction detection unit 57 classifies the multi-beams for eigenvalue calculation (step S120).
- multibeam classification will be described by taking as an example a case where the number of independent multi-beam antennas is five and the detection limit number of incoming waves from the target is three. In this example, since the detection limit number is 3, three beams (reflected signals) of the independent multi-beams are set as one subclass, and a third-order eigenvalue is obtained by a correlation matrix of at least 3 rows and 3 columns. Ask.
- An example of this independent multi-beam classification will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the lower class in this embodiment can also be referred to as an orientation distribution pattern of sensitivity.
- Each subclass has an azimuth having sensitivity and an azimuth having no sensitivity.
- the three subclasses can be rephrased as a first pattern, a second pattern, and a third pattern, respectively.
- a plurality of patterns are created by changing the selection of the beam to be used.
- the pattern creation method in the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as described later, in a phased array radar, azimuth distribution patterns having a plurality of sensitivities may be created by beam forming.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the independent multi-beam and the lower class in the present embodiment.
- the beams B001 to B005 shown in FIG. 11 correspond to the beams B001 to B005 shown in FIG.
- the azimuth detecting unit 57 divides the multi-beam into three lower classes (a) to (c) as shown in FIG.
- the azimuth detecting unit 57 selects and assigns three beams as a beam group from the beams B001 to B005 to each lower class.
- the direction detection unit 57 assigns beams B001 to B003 among the beams B001 to B005 to the lower class (a).
- the direction detection unit 57 assigns beams B002 to B004 among the beams B001 to B005 to the lower class (b). Further, the direction detection unit 57 assigns beams B003 to B005 among the beams B001 to B005 to the lower class (c).
- the individual beams B001 to B005 have directivity shown in FIG.
- the lower class (a) to which the beams B001 to B003 are assigned has an azimuth distribution of sensitivity obtained by adding B001 to B003.
- the lower class (b) has an orientation distribution of sensitivity obtained by adding B002 to B004
- the lower class (c) has an orientation distribution of sensitivity obtained by adding B003 to B005.
- These three subclasses have sensitivity distributions that are complementary to each other. In other words, in a direction in which a certain lower class does not have sensitivity, the other lower class has sensitivity.
- multi-beams are assigned such that the beams B001 and B004 are not shared so that the adjacent lower class (a) and lower class (b) share the beams B002 and B003.
- the adjacent lower class (b) and lower class (c) are assigned multiple beams so that the beams B002 and B005 are not shared so that the beams B003 and B004 are shared. That is, each lower class is assigned a multi-beam so that one multi-beam is not shared so that two of the three multi-beams are shared by adjacent lower classes. ing.
- the combinations of the beam groups are all different combinations.
- the direction detection unit 57 calculates eigenvalues for each lower class (steps S130 to S150). Specifically, the direction detector 57 estimates the number of incoming waves (number of targets) for the lower classes (a) to (c). A known method such as AIC (Akaike Information Criteria) or MDL (Minimum Description Length) is used for the estimation of the number of incoming waves.
- AIC Akaike Information Criteria
- MDL Minimum Description Length
- the direction detection unit 57 selects a matching condition based on the number of incoming waves estimated for each lower class (step S160).
- FIGS. FIG. 12 to FIG. 14 are tables showing examples of conforming conditions when the number of incoming waves is 3 to 1 in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a table showing an example of the adaptation conditions when the number of incoming waves is 3 in the present embodiment
- FIG. 13 shows an example of the adaptation conditions when the number of incoming waves is 2 in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a table showing an example of the matching conditions when the number of incoming waves is one in the present embodiment.
- the table of matching conditions (matching condition table) shown in FIGS. 12 to 14 is stored in advance in a storage unit (not shown).
- the matching conditions will be described with reference to FIG. Specifically, in this storage section, the condition No. of the matching condition table shown in FIG. 1, the conformity condition is stored in which the number of incoming waves of the lower class (a) is 3, the number of incoming waves of the lower class (b) is 3, and the number of incoming waves of the lower class (c) is 0. Yes.
- the azimuth detecting unit 57 searches the matching condition table stored in the storage unit for matching conditions in which the arrival wave numbers of the lower classes (a) to (c) match, and is obtained by the search (the search is performed). Select the matching condition that was hit. That is, in the above-described example, the azimuth detecting unit 57 performs the condition No. as the matching condition shown in FIG. Select 1.
- a fixed threshold is set for the reflected signal intensity detected by each beam constituting the lower class, and it exists for signals that are weaker than a certain threshold. Otherwise, it is considered as a signal from a different type of target and is excluded from the judgment. Alternatively, only a signal whose signal strength is within a certain range is taken out, and the table shown in FIGS. 12 to 14 is applied to the signal to select a matching condition.
- the azimuth detecting unit 57 estimates the range of the incoming wave and the eigenvalue based on the number of incoming waves for each beam number indicated by the selected matching condition (step S170).
- Condition No. as the matching condition shown in FIG.
- the number of incoming waves for each beam number indicated by 1 is 0 for the beam B001, 3 for the beam B002, 0 for the beam B003, 0 for the beam B004, and 0 for the beam B005.
- the azimuth detecting unit 57 receives the condition No.
- the direction detection unit 57 estimates that the range of the incoming wave is the range of the beam B002 and the eigenvalue is 3.
- the matching condition table is an example of a correlation matrix between a plurality of beams.
- the azimuth detecting unit 57a can estimate the outline of the azimuth in which the target exists. In order to know a more accurate azimuth, this is combined with a maximum likelihood estimation method.
- the lower classes (a), (b), and (c) detect 1 wave, 1 wave, and 3 incoming waves, respectively. From the matching condition table of FIG. 12, it can be seen that in this case, condition No. 14 is met, and one wave arrives at beam B003 and two waves arrive at beam B005.
- the target determination unit 58 selects the lower class (b) including B002 and B004, which are beams adjacent to B003, as the reflected wave arrival direction estimation signal, and executes the maximum likelihood estimation method.
- the threshold value described above is removed, and the process is performed on the signal including the reflected signal equal to or lower than the threshold value. In this way, the orientation of the target can be estimated with higher accuracy.
- the azimuth detecting unit 57 of the present embodiment estimates a multi-beam including an incoming wave among the five multi-beams based on the selection condition table. For this reason, the target determination unit 58 of this embodiment can determine the reflected wave arrival direction by using fewer than five independent multibeams and determine the target without using all five independent multibeams. In other words, the target determination unit 58 can determine the target without performing calculations for multi-beams that do not contribute to target detection.
- the signal processing unit 8 of the present embodiment can reduce the calculation load for detecting the target.
- the independent multi-beam radar device 101 of the present embodiment is an on-vehicle radar
- the calculation load for detecting the target can be reduced by providing the signal processing unit 8 described above. And the reaction speed of intrusion detection control and obstacle detection control can be improved.
- the present invention is not limited to this. If the number of selected multi-beams is smaller than the number of independent multi-beams, the calculation load for detecting the target can be reduced. For example, when the number of selected multi-beams is three and the number of independent multi-beams is four or more, the calculation load for detecting the target can be reduced.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the phased array antenna type radar apparatus 102 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the output of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO: Voltage Controlled Oscillator) 12a is distributed by a distributor 13a, phase transmitters 30a-1, 30a-2, amplifiers (amplifiers) 15- 1 and 15-2.
- the phase shifters 30a-1 and 30a-2 and the amplifiers 15-1 and 15-2 all have the same five as the transmission antenna element 31-1.31-2.
- the beams formed by the receiving antennas 41-1 to 41-5 also overlap each other. There are also five antenna elements constituting the receiving antenna.
- Each of the receiving antennas 41-1 to 41-5 receives and receives a reflected wave (that is, a received wave) that is transmitted from the transmitting antennas 31-1 to 31-5 and is reflected by an object. Received waves are output to the amplifiers 18-1 to 18-5.
- the amplifiers 18-1 to 18-5 amplify the reception waves input from the reception antennas 41-1 to 41-4 and output the amplified waves to the mixers 19-1 to 19-5.
- the mixers 19-1 to 19-5 are supplied with the output of the distributor 13a via the amplifiers 16-1 to 16-5 and mixed with the signals received by the receiving antennas 41-1 to 41-5, respectively.
- a beat signal corresponding to each frequency difference is generated.
- the generated beat signal is output to each of the filters 20-1 to 20-5.
- a switch 6a is connected to each of the filters 20-1 to 20-5.
- the A / D converter 7a is connected to the switch 6a via the amplifier 22a.
- a signal processing unit 8a is connected to the A / D converter 7a. Since the operations of the filters 20-1 to 20-5, the switch 6a, the amplifier 22a, the A / D converter 7a, and the digital signal processing unit 8a are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
- the second embodiment includes phase shifters 30a-1 to 30a-5, and is characterized in that the phase shifters 30a-1 to 30a-5 are operated.
- a beam having limited directivity is formed by adjusting the phase difference of the high frequency output to each of the transmission antenna elements 31-1 and 31-2. This beam forming is performed by so-called beam forming.
- beam forming By changing the way of giving a variable phase difference, it is possible to form beams having directivity in different directions. In this example, beams having directivity in five different directions are formed. This is to realize the multi-beam in the first embodiment by pseudo beam forming. Since the implementation method of the present invention in the signal processing unit 8a in the case of using beams having directivity in five different directions is the same as that of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
- the phase difference for each pattern is changed by the phase shifters 30a-1 to 30a-5 in order to estimate the reflection arrival direction.
- the phase shifters 30a-1 to 30a-5 perform beam forming by making the phases of the radio waves output from the transmitting antenna elements 31-1 and 31-2 different, and directivity is improved.
- a limited beam is formed.
- beam forming is not limited to the transmitting antenna element side. Digital beam forming can be performed on the received signal of the receiving antenna element. In this case, the same effect as that obtained by beam forming the high frequency of the transmitting antenna element can be obtained. If beam forming is performed on either the transmitting antenna element side or the receiving antenna element side, the effect of limiting the directivity of the antenna can be obtained. However, if beam forming is performed on both the transmitting antenna element side and the receiving antenna element side, the directivity can be further improved.
- the FMCW system has been described as an example of the radar system.
- the configuration similar to the present embodiment can be applied to other radar systems without being limited to the radar system.
- the MUSIC method has been described as an example of the high resolution algorithm.
- the same configuration as the present embodiment can be applied to other methods such as a linear prediction method and beam forming. It is possible to calculate the azimuth (angle) using the virtual array data and the virtual array steering vector. Further, for example, the maximum likelihood estimation method can be applied as a high resolution algorithm.
- the independent multi-beam radar device 101 has the following (device configuration 1) to (device configuration 4).
- the independent multi-beam radar device 101 according to the present embodiment uses a method selected based on the received data (beam element data y (m)) of the beam elements 2-1 to 2-M. The target is detected (determined).
- the independent multi-beam radar apparatus 101 performs a lower class beam among the independent multi-beams formed by the antenna unit when performing the processing according to (apparatus configuration 1). Select multiple beams as.
- the independent multi-beam radar apparatus 101 is based on a correlation matrix between a plurality of beams selected as lower class beams when performing the processing according to apparatus configuration 1). To estimate the number of targets.
- the independent multi-beam radar apparatus 101 performs eigenvalues of a correlation matrix between a plurality of beams selected as lower class beams when performing the processing according to apparatus configuration 1). Based on, estimate the number of targets.
- the independent multi-beam radar apparatus 101 has (apparatus configuration 1) to (apparatus configuration 3), so that the detection performance and the detection time suitable for the target detection application according to the distance to the target. It is possible to select a detection method having
- having (device configuration 1) to (device configuration 4) has an effect of reducing the calculation load for detecting the target.
- the configuration using the dielectric lens 1 has been described.
- various other lenses may be used instead of the dielectric lens 1.
- a configuration including a lens (dielectric lens 1) is shown, but as another example, a configuration without a lens may be used, and in this case, without using a lens, Independent multi-beam transmission / reception is performed by a plurality of beam elements 2-1 to 2-M.
- the number (M) of the plurality of beam elements 2-1 to 2-M constituting the antenna for transmitting and receiving includes a plurality of beam elements 2-1 to 2-M when performing detection related to a multi-target. Detection can be performed for only a number (M ⁇ 1) of targets that is one less than the number.
- the application using the five-element beam is described as an example.
- the FOV viewing angle
- the beam width can be arbitrarily set according to the radar application and specifications.
- the independent multi-beam method using a lens antenna is suitable as a combination because it can be set flexibly according to the shape of the lens and the position of the primary feed (beam element).
- the configuration in which the independent multi-beam radar device 101 shown in FIG. 1 is provided in an automobile or the like for in-vehicle use is shown.
- it may be provided in any other movable body. Is possible.
- a program for realizing the functions of the control unit 11 and the signal processing unit 8 in FIG. 1 is recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded on the recording medium is read into a computer system and executed. Depending on the situation, processing may be performed.
- the “computer system” mentioned here includes an OS (Operating System) and hardware such as peripheral devices.
- the “computer system” includes a WWW system having a homepage providing environment (or display environment).
- the “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a storage device such as a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a portable medium such as a ROM (Read Only Memory), a CD-ROM, or a hard disk incorporated in a computer system. To tell.
- the program may be transmitted from a computer system storing the program in a storage device or the like to another computer system via a transmission medium or by a transmission wave in the transmission medium.
- the “transmission medium” for transmitting a program refers to a medium having a function of transmitting information, such as a network (communication network) such as the Internet or a communication line (communication line) such as a telephone line.
- the program may be for realizing a part of the functions described above.
- a difference file difference file (difference program) may be sufficient.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の実施形態を説明するに先立って、用語に付いて説明をする。
本願では、独立した複数のビームを形成するアンテナの方式を「独立マルチビームアンテナ方式」と呼ぶ。なお、ビームとは、各アンテナ素子の前面に広がる、当該アンテナが入射電波に対して感度を持つ領域、若しくは放射される電波が広がって行く領域、の事を意味する。
「独立マルチビームアンテナ」は、方向が相互に異なる独立した複数のビームを形成するアンテナである。独立マルチビームアンテナの典型例は、複数の焦点を有するレンズまたは反射鏡と、複数の焦点の位置にそれぞれ置かれた複数のアンテナ素子(複数のビーム素子または複数のフィード素子)とを備える。
独立マルチビームアンテナの他の例は、複数の部分アレーアンテナを備える。部分アレーアンテナごとにビームの放射方向を変えることにより、異なる方向に複数のビームを同時に放射したり、「同時」に準ずる「充分に短い時間」内において、順次、異なる方向に1個または複数のビームを放射したりすることができる。各部分アレーアンテナはアレー状に配置された数個のアンテナ素子を有しており、これら数個のアンテナ素子を利用してある特定方向へのビームを放射する。各アンテナ素子は、いずれか1つの部分アレーアンテナの構成要素であってもよいし、2つまたはそれ以上の部分アレーアンテナの構成要素であってもよい。各「部分アレーアンテナ」は、上述の「ビーム素子」または「フィード素子」に対応する。
独立マルチビームアンテナの場合、複数のビーム素子の各々における受信信号は、ビームの方向に応じて異なる信号である。より具体的には、あるビームの受信信号は、他のビームの受信信号から独立しており、これらの受信信号の間に実質的な相関はない。なお、上述した部分アレーアンテナに関しては、各部分アレーアンテナを構成するアンテナ素子間では相関はあり得る。
[第1の実施形態]
以下、図面を参照し、本発明の第1の実施形態について説明する。
図1は、本発明の実施形態に係る独立マルチビーム方式レーダ装置101の構成を示すブロック図である。本実施形態では、本発明を、誘電体レンズアンテナを用いた独立マルチビーム方式の車載用ミリ波レーダに適用した場合を示す。
図2は、FMCW方式の信号処理部の第1の構成例(信号処理部8と記す)を示すブロック図である。図2に示すように、本実施形態の第1の構成例に係る信号処理部8は、メモリ51と、周波数分解処理部52と、ピーク検知部53と、ピーク組合せ部54と、距離/速度検出部55と、ペア確定部56と、方位検出部57と、ターゲット確定部58と、を備えている。
再び図1を参照して、本実施形態に係る独立マルチビーム方式レーダ装置101において行われる動作の例を示す。制御部11は、FMCW方式を採用しており、アンプ23を介して、VCO12に信号を出力する。
このように、周波数分解処理部52は、各ビーム素子2-1~2-MのCH毎に、ビート信号をフーリエ変換などして、ビート周波数のレンジに変換する。
このように、ピーク検知部53は、ビーム素子2-1~2-Mにおける複素数データのそれぞれを周波数スペクトル化することにより、それぞれのスペクトルの各ピーク値を、ビート周波数、すなわち距離に依存したターゲットの存在として検出することができる。
第2のペアテーブルは、ターゲット群毎の距離および相対速度と周波数ポイントを示すテーブルである。一例として、第2のペアテーブルには、ターゲット群番号に対応して、距離、相対速度および周波数ポイント(上昇領域および/または下降領域)が記憶される。なお、第1のペアテーブルおよび第2のペアテーブルは、例えば、ペア確定部56の内部記憶部に記憶される。
これに際して、本実施形態では、方位検出部57は、アンテナを構成する複数のビーム素子2-1~2-Mに係る複素数データ(ビーム素子データ)をフーリエ変換することにより、仮想アレーアンテナを構成する複数の仮想アレー素子に係る複素数データ(仮想アレーデータ)としてから、高分解能アルゴリズムのMUSIC法や線形予測法等を用いてスペクトル推定処理を行う。このとき、方位検出部57は、アンテナ部が送信可能なマルチビームのうちから選択した複数のビームに基づいて、ターゲットの方位推定処理を行う。この方位検出部57がビームの選択する仕組みについては、後述する。なお、本実施形態において、方位検出部57は、ビーム素子2-1~2-Mに係る複素振幅データに基づく、高分解能アルゴリズムの最尤推定法によってターゲットの方位を検出してもよい。
次に、本実施形態における信号処理部8において用いられる、独立マルチビーム方式レーダ装置101とターゲットとの距離、相対速度、角度(方位)を検出する原理について概略を説明する。ここでは、FMCW方式を例とする。
図3(A)は、FMCW信号とビート信号の関係を示す図である。具体的には、送信信号対時間と受信信号対時間の関係、およびビート信号対時間の関係を示す。図3(A)では、横軸が時間を示し、縦軸が周波数を示す。
具体的には、上りの受信信号1011においては、周波数fuで、ピーク値を有している。また、下りの受信信号1012においては、周波数fdで、ピーク値を有している。
そして、ピーク検知部53は、図3(B)に示すビート周波数毎の信号レベルからピーク値を検出し、ターゲットの存在を検出するとともに、ピーク値のビート周波数(上昇部分および下降部分の双方)fu、fdをターゲット周波数として出力する。
C:光速度
Δf:三角波の周波数変調幅
f0:三角波の中心周波数
T :変調時間(上昇部分/下降部分)
fu:上昇部分におけるターゲット周波数
fd:下降部分におけるターゲット周波数
である。
図5は、FMCW方式の信号処理部の第2の構成例(信号処理部8aと記す)を示すブロック図である。図5に示すように、本実施形態の第2の構成例に係る信号処理部8aは、メモリ51と、周波数分解処理部52aと、ピーク検知部53aと、方位検出部57aと、ピーク組合せ部54aと、距離/速度検出部55aと、ターゲット確定部58aと、を備えている。
また、周波数分解処理部52aは、上昇領域および下降領域のそれぞれについて該当する複素数データを、方位検出部57aへ出力する。この複素数データが、上昇領域および下降領域のそれぞれのターゲット群(上昇領域および下降領域においてピークを有するビート周波数)となる。
これに際して、本実施形態では、方位検出部57aは、アンテナを構成する複数のビーム素子2-1~2-Mに係る複素数データ(ビーム素子データ)をフーリエ変換することにより、仮想アレーアンテナを構成する複数の仮想アレー素子に係る複素数データ(仮想アレーデータ)としてから、高分解能アルゴリズムのMUSIC法や線形予測法等を用いてスペクトル推定処理を行う。
具体例として、上昇領域の方位テーブルは、ターゲット群毎に角度1、角度2、・・・、および周波数ポイントfが関連付けられている。例えば、ターゲット群1は、角度1のt1_ang1、角度2のt1_ang2、周波数ポイントのf1が関連付けられている。また、ターゲット群2は、角度1のt2_ang1、角度2のt2_ang2、周波数ポイントのf2が関連付けられている。また、以降のターゲット群についても同様である。
また、下降領域の方位テーブルは、ターゲット群毎に角度1、角度2、・・・、および周波数ポイントfが関連付けられている。例えば、ターゲット群1は、角度1のt1_ang1、角度2のt1_ang2、周波数ポイントのf1が関連付けられている。また、ターゲット群2は、角度1のt2_ang1、角度2のt2_ang2、周波数ポイントのf2が関連付けられている。また、以降のターゲット群についても同様である。
また、距離/速度検出部55aは、順次入力される上昇領域および下降領域のそれぞれの組み合わせのビート周波数の差分によりターゲットとの相対速度vを、上述した式(2)により演算する。
ここで、距離/速度検出部55aは、距離と相対速度の値を、それぞれ、ビート周波数の上昇領域および下降領域の組み合わせにて計算する。
図6は、マルチビームの指向性の一例を示すグラフである。図6に示されるグラフにおいて、横軸は放射角を表し、縦軸は利得(ゲイン)を表す。この図6の一例においては、ビームが5本であるマルチビームの放射角と利得(ゲイン)との関係、すなわちビームの指向性を示している。この図6の一例においては、5本のマルチビームとしてのビームB001~B005についての指向性を示す。
図2に示される方位検出部57において行われる動作の詳細について説明する。なお、図5に示される方位検出部57aにおいて行われる動作についても同様である。
本提案の原理として、独立マルチビーム方式の場合に、1次フィードでの受信パターンとアンテナ開口面の分布(波源の分布関数:例えば、位相の分布関数)との間には、フーリエ変換の関係があること、に着目している。
複数のビーム素子2-1~2-M(CH)で送受信するデータは、フーリエ変換1101により、仮想的な複数のアレー素子で送受信するデータに変換することができる。
図7は、1次フィードの一例として、ビーム素子2-1~2-Mの数(素子数)が5である場合(M=5である場合)を示す。
5個のビーム素子2-1~2-5により、誘電体レンズ1を挟んで、ビーム111-1~111-5が送受信される。
また、この例では、複数の仮想アレー素子112-1~112-9が配置されている。
具体例として、高分解能アルゴリズムを用いて、方位角(角度)とスペクトル強度との関係のグラフ211を取得し、これに基づいて、マルチターゲットを高分解能で測角することができる。
また、方位の検出においては、図8に示すような最尤推定法の適用も可能である。
図8は、方位検出部57において行われる処理の流れの第1の変形例を示す概略図である。方位検出部57は、ターゲットからの反射波による受信信号に基づいてステアリングベクトルを生成し、反射波の到来方向の尤度を算出することにより、最も尤度が大きく(高く)なる到来方向をターゲットの方向として算出する。
次に、方位検出部57は、相関行列(共分散行列)を作成する(ステップS2)。
次に、方位検出部57は、固有値の分解を行うことで、固有値λ1、λ2、λ3、・・・および固有ベクトルe1、e2、e3、・・・を算出する(ステップS3)。
次に、方位検出部57は、次数を推定する(ステップS4)。
次に、方位検出部57は、尤度が最も大きく(最尤度と)なる角度を算出する(ステップS5)。
そして、方位検出部57は、ターゲット数および角度を検知する(ステップ6)。
図9は、方位検出部57において行われる処理の流れの第2の変形例を示す概略図である。この例では、高分解能アルゴリズムのMUSIC法を用いた場合を示す。
この処理手順は、ピーク検知されたターゲットが存在するビート周波数ポイント毎に繰り返して行う。
次に、方位検出部57は、複素数データをフーリエ変換式により変換して、仮想アレーデータを算出する(ステップS22)。
次に、方位検出部57は、相関行列(共分散行列)を作成する(ステップS23)。
次に、方位検出部57は、固有値の分解を行うことで、固有値λ1、λ2、λ3、・・・および固有ベクトルe1、e2、e3、・・・を算出する(ステップS24)。
次に、方位検出部57は、次数を推定する(ステップS25)。
次に、方位検出部57は、MUSICスペクトルを計算する(ステップS26)。
そして、方位検出部57は、ターゲット数および角度を検知する(ステップ27)。
周波数分解処理部52は、各マルチビームの複素数データを抽出(算出)する(ステップS100)。具体的には、周波数分解処理部52は、メモリ51に蓄積されたビート信号のサンプリングされたデータから、三角波の上昇部分(上り)と下降部分(下り)とのそれぞれについて周波数分解、例えばフーリエ変換などにより離散時間に周波数変換することにより、ビート周波数毎に分解されたビート信号に基づいた複素数データを抽出(算出)する。
個々のビームB001~B005は、図6に示す指向性を有する。ビームB001~B003が割り当てられる下位クラス(a)は、B001~B003を足し合わせた感度の方位分布を有する。同様に、下位クラス(b)はB002~B004をたし合わせた感度の方位分布を有し、下位クラス(c)はB003~B005を足し合わせた感度の方位分布を有する。これら3つの下位クラスは、互いに相補的な感度分布を有する。言い替えれば、ある下位クラスが感度を持たない方位において、他の下位クラスが感度を有している。
図12から図14は、本実施形態の到来波数が3波~1波である場合の適合条件の一例を示す表である。図12は、本実施形態の到来波数が3波である場合の適合条件の一例を示す表であり、図13は、本実施形態の到来波数が2波である場合の適合条件の一例を示す表であり、図14は、本実施形態の到来波数が1波である場合の適合条件の一例を示す表である。これら図12から図14に示す適合条件のテーブル(適合条件テーブル)は、不図示の記憶部に予め記憶されている。図12を例にとり適合条件を説明する。具体的には、この記憶部には、図12に示す適合条件テーブルの条件No.1として、下位クラス(a)の到来波数が3波であり、下位クラス(b)の到来波数が3波であり、下位クラス(c)の到来波数が0波である適合条件が記憶されている。方位検出部57は、この記憶部に記憶されている適合条件テーブルのなかから、下位クラス(a)~(c)の到来波数が一致する適合条件を検索し、検索によって得られた(検索がヒットした)適合条件を選択する。すなわち、上述した一例においては、方位検出部57は、図12に示す適合条件としての条件No.1を選択する。
なお、各下位クラスにおける到来波数の検出においては、下位クラスを構成する各ビームで検出される反射信号強度に対して、一定の閾値を設け、ある閾値よりも弱い信号に付いては、それは存在しないとするか、或いは、異なる種類のターゲットからの信号であると見なして、判断から除外する。或いは、信号強度が一定の範囲内にある信号のみを取り出して、その信号に付いて図12~図14のテーブルを当てはめ、適合条件を選択する。
次に、本発明の第2の実施形態について説明する。
5つの異なる方位に指向性を持つビームを用いる場合の信号処理部8aにおける、本願発明の実施方法は、第1の実施形態と同様であるため、説明は省略する。
ここで、本実施形態では、レーダ方式としてFMCW方式を例に説明したが、レーダ方式にとらわれることなく、本実施形態と同様な構成を他のレーダ方式に適用することも可能である。
また、本実施形態では、高分解能アルゴリズムとしてMUSIC法を例に説明したが、本実施形態と同様な構成を線形予測法やビーム形成等の他の手法に適用することも可能であり、例えば、仮想アレーデータおよび仮想アレーステアリングベクトルを使用して方位角(角度)を算出することが可能である。また、例えば、高分解能アルゴリズムとして最尤推定法を適用することが可能である。
(装置構成1)として、本実施形態に係る独立マルチビーム方式レーダ装置101は、ビーム素子2-1~2-Mの受信データ(ビーム素子データy(m))に基づいて選択された方式により、ターゲットの検出(確定)を行う。
また、本実施形態では、レンズ(誘電体レンズ1)を備える構成を示したが、他の例として、レンズが備えられない構成が用いられてもよく、この場合、レンズを使用せずに、複数のビーム素子2-1~2-Mにより独立マルチビーム方式の送受信を行う。
Claims (12)
- 3つ以上の感度の方位分布パターンの何れか一つを選択して送信又は受信可能なアンテナを有するレーダ装置を用いた、反射波到来方向の推定方法であって、
前記3つ以上の感度の方位分布パターンの内の一つである第1のパターンにて、電波の送信又は受信の何れか一方或いは両方を行って第1の反射信号を得、
前記第1の反射信号に基いて当該反射波中のターゲットの数を推定して第1のターゲット数を得、
前記3つ以上の感度の方位分布パターンの内の一つである第2のパターンにて、電波の送信又は受信の何れか一方或いは両方を行って第2の反射信号を得、
前記第2の反射信号に基いて当該反射波中のターゲットの数を推定して第2のターゲット数を得、
前記3つ以上の感度の方位分布パターンの内の一つである第3のパターンにて、電波の送信又は受信の何れか一方或いは両方を行って第3の反射信号を得、
前記第3の反射信号に基いて当該反射波中のターゲットの数を推定して第3のターゲット数を得、
前記第1のターゲット数、並びに前記第2のターゲット数、並びに前記第3のターゲット数、並びに前記第1のパターンの感度の方位分布及び第2のパターンの感度の方位分布及び第3のパターンの感度の方位分布を用いて、
ターゲットの推定個数及びターゲットの存在方位を推定する、
反射波到来方向の推定方法。 - 前記推定されたターゲットの分布方位に対して前記アンテナが感度を有する前記感度の方位分布パターンを、
前記3つ以上の感度の方位分布パターンから一つ選択し、
当該選択されたパターンが前記第1から第3のパターンの何れかである場合は、そのパターンにおいて得られた
前記反射信号を、反射波到来方位推定用信号として選択し、
当該選択されたパターンが前記第1から第3のパターンの何れでもない場合は、当該選択されたパターンにて電波の送信又は受信或いはその両方を行って反射波到来方位推定用信号を得て、
前記ターゲットの推定個数、及び反射波到来方位推定用信号を用いて、前記選択されたパターンにおいて前記アンテナが感度を持つ方位に対して反射波の到来方向を推定する計算を行う、請求項1の反射波到来方向の推定方法。 - 前記アンテナは、前記第1のパターンにおいて感度を有さない方位の一部において、前記第2のパターンにおいては感度を有し、
前記アンテナは、前記第2のパターンにおいて感度を有さない方位の一部において、前記第3のパターンにおいては感度を有し、
前記アンテナは、前記第3のパターンにおいて感度を有さない方位の一部において、前記第1のパターンにおいては感度を有する、請求項1又は2の反射波到来方向の推定方法。 - 前記アンテナは3つ以上のアンテナ素子を有し、
前記第1から第3のパターンの内の何れか一つ以上において、前記3つ以上のアンテナ素子の内の2つ以上であり、且つ前記アンテナ素子の総数よりも少ない数のアンテナ素子が駆動される、
請求項1から3何れかの反射波到来方向の推定方法。 - 前記アンテナは3つ以上のアンテナ素子を有し、
前記第1から第3のパターンの内の少なくとも2つのパターンにおいて、前記3つ以上のアンテナ素子の内の2つ以上であり、且つ前記アンテナ素子の総数よりも少ない数のアンテナ素子が駆動され、
前記2つのパターンにおいて、駆動される前記アンテナ素子の組み合わせが異なる、請求項1から3の何れかの反射波到来方向の推定方法。 - 前記アンテナは3つ以上のアンテナ素子を有し、
前記第1から第3のパターンの内の少なくとも2つのパターンにおいて、前記3つ以上のアンテナ素子の内の2つ以上であり、且つ前記アンテナ素子の総数よりも少ない数のアンテナ素子が駆動され、
前記2つのパターンにおいて、駆動されるアンテナ素子は何れも送信若しくは受信する電波に位相差を付与する位相器を有し、
前記位相器が付与する位相差は可変であり、
前記2つのパターンにおいて、前記位相器が付与する位相差の値は異なる、請求項1から3の何れかの反射波到来方向の推定方法。 - 前記アンテナは3つ以上のアンテナ素子を有し、
前記3つ以上のアンテナ素子の内の少なくとも2つは、感度を有する方位が互いに重ならない、請求項1から3の何れかの反射波到来方向の推定方法。 - 前記アンテナは誘電体レンズを含む、請求項4から7の何れかの反射波到来方向の推定方法。
- 前記アンテナは3つ以上のアンテナ素子を有するフェーズドアレイアンテナであり、
前記3つ以上のアンテナ素子の内の少なくとも2つは送信する電波に位相差を付与する位相器を有し、
前記第1から第3のパターンの内の少なくとも2つのパターンにおいて、前記位相器によって電波に位相差を付与する事によりビームフォーミングが行われ、
前記少なくとも2つのパターンにおいて各々パターンはアンテナから互いに異なる方向に伸びるビーム形状である、
請求項1から3の何れかの反射波到来方向の推定方法。 - 前記第1から第3の何れかの反射信号の内、前記少なくとも2つのパターンでの送信及び受信によって得られた少なくとも2つの反射信号の各々に対して、各反射信号を得た際の前記パターンにおいて前記ビームが伸びる方向の成分を抽出するデジタルビームフォーミングが行われる、請求項9の反射波到来方向の推定方法。
- 前記第1から第3のパターンの全てにおいて、前記3つ以上のアンテナ素子の内の2つ以上が駆動され、
前記第1から第3のターゲット数を得る際には、前記第1から第3の反射信号について、各々相関行列、及び該相関行列の固有値が各々計算される、請求項4から10の何れかの反射波到来方向の推定方法。 - 3つ以上の感度の方位分布パターンの何れか一つを選択して送信又は受信可能なアンテナを有するレーダ装置を用いた、反射波到来方向の推定を、不揮発性の記憶媒体に記録されコンピュータに実行させる制御プログラムであって、
前記3つ以上の感度の方位分布パターンの内の一つである第1のパターンにて、電波の送信又は受信の何れか一方或いは両方を行って第1の反射信号を得、
前記第1の反射信号に基いて当該反射波中のターゲットの数を推定して第1のターゲット数を得、
前記3つ以上の感度の方位分布パターンの内の一つである第2のパターンにて、電波の送信又は受信の何れか一方或いは両方を行って第2の反射信号を得、
前記第2の反射信号に基いて当該反射波中のターゲットの数を推定して第2のターゲット数を得、
前記3つ以上の感度の方位分布パターンの内の一つである第3のパターンにて、電波の送信又は受信の何れか一方或いは両方を行って第3の反射信号を得、
前記第3の反射信号に基いて当該反射波中のターゲットの数を推定して第3のターゲット数を得、
前記第1のターゲット数、並びに前記第2のターゲット数、並びに前記第3のターゲット数、並びに前記第1のパターンの感度の方位分布及び第2のパターンの感度の方位分布及び第3のパターンの感度の方位分布を用いて、
ターゲットの推定個数及びターゲットの存在方位を推定する、
コンピュータで読み出し可能な記憶媒体に記録されるプログラム。
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| US10768292B2 (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2020-09-08 | Sony Corporation | Surveillance apparatus having a radar sensor |
| MY182089A (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2021-01-18 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Beam forming using an antenna arrangement |
| US10700762B2 (en) | 2016-05-04 | 2020-06-30 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Beam forming using an antenna arrangement |
| US20210025969A1 (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2021-01-28 | Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd. | Radar device |
| JP6819819B2 (ja) * | 2018-05-10 | 2021-01-27 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 物体位置検出システム |
| US11047956B2 (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2021-06-29 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Reconfigurable MIMO radar |
| KR20200061550A (ko) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-06-03 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | 렌즈 안테나 기반 2단계 도래각 추정 방법 |
| CN113795774A (zh) * | 2020-02-27 | 2021-12-14 | 松下知识产权经营株式会社 | 估计装置、估计方法及程序 |
| US11740327B2 (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2023-08-29 | Qualcomm Incorporated | High resolution and computationally efficient radar techniques |
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