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WO2015086669A2 - Élément d'étage, élément latéral, module de refroidissement et procédé de production d'un module de refroidissement - Google Patents

Élément d'étage, élément latéral, module de refroidissement et procédé de production d'un module de refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015086669A2
WO2015086669A2 PCT/EP2014/077192 EP2014077192W WO2015086669A2 WO 2015086669 A2 WO2015086669 A2 WO 2015086669A2 EP 2014077192 W EP2014077192 W EP 2014077192W WO 2015086669 A2 WO2015086669 A2 WO 2015086669A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cooling
cooling module
floor
channels
side parts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2014/077192
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2015086669A3 (fr
Inventor
Björn EBERLEH
Stephen Raiser
Felix Von Borck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akasol AG
Original Assignee
Akasol AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akasol AG filed Critical Akasol AG
Publication of WO2015086669A2 publication Critical patent/WO2015086669A2/fr
Publication of WO2015086669A3 publication Critical patent/WO2015086669A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0481—Compression means other than compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/651—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
    • H01M10/652—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations characterised by gradients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a floor element, a side part and a cooling module for a rechargeable battery, and a method for producing a cooling module in the PCT application Akasol GmbH with the official publication number WO2012 / 028298 is a cooling module for a multi-cell battery module, in particular with accumulators, in particular lithium-ion cells, which is used to form a traction battery module or a traction battery module for vehicles with an electric drive train. Due to the modular design of a battery module, it can also be used for other purposes, e.g. in stationary applications or small traction applications, such as in a wheelchair.
  • a battery module system composed of a plurality of similar battery modules may be designed to cover a power range with an energy content of between 1 kWh and 400 kWh or more. If, for example, a battery module system is designed for a continuous power of 20 kW, peak power of, for example, 100 kW can nevertheless be demanded from the battery for acceleration purposes at short notice, as a result of which excellent acceleration values can be achieved. In the charging mode, for example, a charging power of 40 kW can be used.
  • the values given above are purely exemplary, but on the other hand represent values that can be achieved with commercially available lithium-ion batteries.
  • the battery module should have a compact design and be thermally optimized, and in particular be designed so that the operating temperature of the battery module or the battery module system can be kept within narrow limits, the local overheating of individual cells, increased temperatures of one or more cells or operation Avoid too low cell temperatures.
  • a cooling module for a multi-cell battery module, the cooling module being in the form of a body having an internal space for receiving battery cells, the body being between an inlet area and an outlet area has one or more cooling passages extending parallel to each other and is at least partially formed from one or more lengths of a hollow profile.
  • Cooling plates are inserted between the lateral hollow profiles of the cooling module to form compartments for receiving the battery cells and to conduct heat out of the cells.
  • cooling plates can also be used with cooling wings, which protrude laterally from the hollow profiles used in the interior of the cooling module and also form compartments for receiving the battery cells.
  • the operating temperature of the individual battery cells should normally not exceed a working range of, for example, 18 ° C to 25 ° C, since otherwise the life of the individual battery cells of a battery module can be drastically reduced in part.
  • the fact that cooling ducts forming the side of the cooling module in previous cooling modules are typically provided with cooling circuits in order to realize the cooling of the battery cells can lead to problems with the cooling because the dissipation of the heat from the interior of the cells to the coolant can not always be guaranteed sufficiently.
  • the object of the present application is to provide an alternative method for producing a modular cooling module or an alternative construction of a modular cooling module, which also allows excellent heat exchange between the battery cells and the coolant, preferably while improving the already existing stability of the cooling module. Furthermore, it should also be ensured in the alternative design an extremely efficient production, which can be carried out with little cost of materials and low economic costs.
  • a first floor element is provided according to claim 1, ie a floor element for a composite of several floor elements cooling module, in particular a cooling module of a multi-cell rechargeable battery, such as a lithium ion battery, each floor element a first and a second side part which are formed at their lower and upper ends to be connected to side parts of further floor elements, wherein each side part of the floor element has at least one flow channel, wherein the floor element comprises a cooling ducts having connecting means, preferably a connecting plate, whose cooling channels between extend the flow channels of the side parts, and wherein the side parts have on their side facing the connecting device a plurality of lateral openings, the allow fluid communication between the flow channels of the side parts and the cooling channels of the connecting device.
  • the lower and upper ends of a side part preferably have connecting elements which are designed to be connected to the connecting elements of side parts of further floor elements.
  • the connecting elements comprise a tongue and groove connection.
  • the individual side panels by means of a latching connection, preferably releasably connected to each other.
  • they are attached to each other by means of hot gas or ultrasonic welding, soldering, welding or gluing.
  • the connecting device is attached approximately in the middle of each side part.
  • a free space above and below the connecting device and between the side parts is formed, which is dimensioned so that the respectively used preferably cuboid battery cells, also called flat cells or Pouchzellen, have space in any free space, i. the available space in each free space is at least substantially completely filled by the corresponding flat cell and any other necessary design elements.
  • the free space that is created between two connecting devices of two adjacent floor elements can also be chosen so that at least one battery cell, preferably two battery cells substantially fill it.
  • the connecting device is arranged out of the center, provided that the distance between two adjacent connecting devices of different floor elements is selected so that at least one battery cell can be arranged in the created free space.
  • a free space can be created only above or below the connecting device, such floor elements then serve as a rule the upper or lower end of a cooling module.
  • the floor element is usually square or rectangular in plan view, but this is not a limitation of the concrete shape of the floor element. It is equally possible to think of trapezoidal or polygonal designs or even of circular or elliptical shapes when the two opposite side parts are made curved. Although this is not necessarily considered optimal, but quite possible.
  • the lateral openings of a side part have different cross-sectional sizes, which are preferably at least substantially adapted to a cross-sectional size of the cooling channels of the connecting device.
  • the flow of a coolant in the cooling channels of the connection device or the connection plate can be changed such that a similar flow occurs in the individual cooling channels.
  • the individual battery cells can be cooled controlled over their entire surface.
  • the cross-sectional sizes of the lateral openings increase from one side of the side part to the other side of the side part.
  • the cross-sectional sizes increase continuously.
  • a construction in plastic such as a thermoplastic or polyamide, with first and second extruded or injection-molded side parts in the form of plastic profiles and an extruded o- the injection-molded, thin-walled connection device with a plurality of compared to the cross-section of the flow channels smaller cross-sections having cooling channels, wherein the side parts and the connecting means are fixed by eg hot gas or ultrasonic welding to each other.
  • plastic such as a thermoplastic or polyamide
  • first and second extruded or injection-molded side parts in the form of plastic profiles and an extruded o- the injection-molded, thin-walled connection device with a plurality of compared to the cross-section of the flow channels smaller cross-sections having cooling channels, wherein the side parts and the connecting means are fixed by eg hot gas or ultrasonic welding to each other.
  • the connecting means can for example also be formed by a sheet metal construction with spacer elements between an upper cover plate and a lower floor panel to realize the cooling channels, wherein the spacer elements are also realized by sheet folds, which can be made in one or both of the sheet metal parts.
  • the various components can be made by means of a deep-drawing process.
  • a diecast variant would also be possible in which the flow channels of the side parts and the cooling channels of the connection device can be realized by means of movable slides of the die casting mold.
  • a combination of the various production methods is also conceivable in order to produce a floor element or a cooling module consisting of at least one floor element.
  • the floor elements according to the present invention are preferably used in combination with two insulating shells, which are glued to the two sides of the connecting device. These insulating shells may also be used to seal open cooling channels of the connectors so that these cooling channels may be intentionally made open on one or both sides of the connectors, which may be advantageous in a die cast construction (but not only in such a construction).
  • the insulating shells which consist for example of PET
  • the insulating shell is realized, for example, as a deep-drawn part, since in this way a relatively thin insulating shell with little material and high uniformity (in thickness) can be produced and good heat dissipation is ensured.
  • each battery cell is adhered to each plastic shell. This also promotes heat dissipation from the cell into the coolant. It is particularly favorable if an insulating plastic in the form of a
  • Thermoforming tray for receiving a battery cell with recesses for the cell tabs or cell terminals is used.
  • the insulating shell can also be made so thin that the heat dissipation from the cells in the coolant is hardly disturbed.
  • the cooling module according to the invention can then be assembled simply by stacking a plurality of inventive and similar floor elements on top of each other.
  • an inner space is formed between the adjacent connection means of adjacent floor elements and the spaces are designed to receive battery cells, in particular flat, rectangular or square battery cells.
  • each floor element can preferably be preassembled with two insulating shells and two cells (one each above and below the connection device), which is particularly easy to realize due to the glued construction, since an easily applicable "floor module" is created.
  • the floor elements can be stacked without preassembled flat cells to a cooling module and two flat cells are used with the associated insulating subsequently in the appropriate rooms.
  • retaining springs are provided which hold the side parts of at least two stacked floor elements together, wherein the retaining springs have hook-shaped ends which engage in form-adapted niches of the side parts of the floor elements.
  • the cooling module according to the invention is preferably complemented in such a way that the flow channels of each side part on the input side of the cooling module are in fluid communication with a coolant-carrying distributor and the flow channels of each side part on the output side of the cooling module are in fluid communication with a collector carrying coolant.
  • each floor element or a cooling module consisting of several floor elements with at least one turbulator in each flow channel on the input side and / or on the Output side is provided.
  • Such a solution which can be used not only in the present inventive construction, but also in other constructions, such as in the construction according to the above-mentioned WO2102 / 028298 in the cavities or flow passages described therein, leads to the The need for an increased flow rate for the coolant, but also increases the heat dissipation, which in turn is not only good for the heat balance, but also makes the cooling more efficient.
  • the turbulator can be designed so that there is a constant repetition between reduced and enlarged cross-section.
  • the present invention also includes a side part for use in a floor element of a cooling module, but not exclusively in a floor element of the type described above, wherein the side part is realized as a hollow profile, comprising the following features: a) on one longitudinal side of a U-shaped groove .
  • Such a construction can be relatively easily realized as an extruded element and fastened by relatively simple spring clips with lower or upper side parts.
  • the present invention also encompasses methods for producing a cooling module of a rechargeable cell battery module.
  • the method comprises the following steps a) producing a plurality of similar floor elements, wherein each floor element consists of a first and a second, each having at least one flow channel side part as well as from a cooling channels having connecting device, the cooling channels located between the flow channels of the two Extending side panels, b) forming a stack of the floor elements, c) introducing the cells into spaces defined by the connection means, d) mounting a flow distributor on the input side of the stack to the side panels thereon and mounting a header on the exit side of the stack at the local side parts, e) closing the flow channels of the side parts on the flow distributor or the collector facing away from the ends of the flow channels of the side parts and f) connection of the floor elements by means of attachment of retaining clips and / or retaining springs and / or an adhesive and / or by means of welding or ultrasonic welding, in order to hold the floor elements
  • a second variant of the method according to the invention in each case one cell is preferably attached to each side of each connecting device, and the tier elements are subsequently assembled into a stack.
  • This second variant of the method according to the invention is particularly easy to handle and, in particular, good to use if the method further Step of attaching insulating shells on the two sides of the connecting means and on the flat sides of the battery cells comprises.
  • the insulating shells are preferably applied to a stack before assembling the floor elements to this and the corresponding battery cells are only then applied to the exposed side of the insulating shells.
  • the insulating shells can each be applied to one side of a cell and then the free side of each insulating shell to a connecting device of a single floor element.
  • an insulation of the battery cells in the form of an adhesive tape is possible. It is particularly expedient if a plastic foam is arranged between the cells of adjacent cell pairs and on the uppermost and lowermost cells of the battery module. Such a design presses - when the individual floor modules are placed in a housing - the individual elements of the stack together. As a result, the entire battery module is on the one hand uniformly mechanically stressed even with thermal strains and on the other hand protected against vibration.
  • a layered fire protection material may be provided to prevent the spread of cell fire between the connection means and the cells. It is particularly advantageous if the cooling module composed of the floor elements is arranged in a housing made of plastic and delimiting the cooling module on at least three sides, which is equipped with at least one bursting area. So if an increased pressure in the battery module should arise for whatever reason, the housing will give way deliberately in the bursting area and reduce the pressure without exploding immediately.
  • the cooling module composed of the floor elements can be arranged in a housing made of plastic, the cooling module on at least two opposing sides limiting housing, which sides are parallel to the planes of the floor elements, and the corresponding sides of the housing are executed with a concave curvature ,
  • the foam-biased cells counteract this curvature, preferably in such a way that the curvature of the corresponding sides of the housing is canceled.
  • This not only exerts a desired pressing force on the individual cells, which ensures a uniform heat transfer and a mechanical fixation, but the battery module is given a fairly uniform shape in the form of a cuboid, which allows the accommodation of several similar modules in a narrow container ,
  • the side parts in the form of hollow profiles can be reproducibly produced in a production plant in a cost-effective manner, with very little material waste, since simple hollow profiles can now be used which have a cooling passage and which are prefabricated to a desired length in an independent previous working step or in the mass production of cooling mod- be made in the desired length, whereby a series production of Kuhlmodulen in larger quantities is possible.
  • the production of the hollow sections as extruded parts is not limited to the use of e.g. Aluminum or an Al alloy as a starting material, but also made of plastic and it can be produced with relatively thin wall thicknesses of the hollow sections of about 0.5 to 5 mm, a rigid structure, since the walls of the hollow sections not only the leadership of coolant, but also serve to stiffen the cooling module. Furthermore, the thin-walled construction leads to a lightweight cooling module.
  • the connecting means can be made as extruded parts, since the plurality of cooling channels favors the heat dissipation even in a material with low thermal conductivity.
  • the use of plastic also promotes the reduction of weight.
  • light metals such as e.g. Aluminum or magnesium or their alloys, used as starting material for the hollow sections.
  • Hollow profiles can be made in longer lengths of several meters and the finished profile can e.g. be divided by a saw ("flying saw") to a desired length as soon as a strand section is sufficiently solidified.
  • the distributor and the collector can be designed in the present invention as described in the above-mentioned WO document and can also be prepared as extruded parts.
  • FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the cooling module
  • FIG. 1 B is a perspective view of a floor element of the cooling module
  • FIG. 1 C is a front view of the floor element of FIG. 1A
  • FIG. 1D is an enlarged section corresponding to section line C-C of FIG. 1C
  • FIG. Fig. 1 E is an enlarged perspective view of one end of the hollow profile of the side part of the floor element of FIG. 1 C
  • 1 F a possible embodiment of a turbulator
  • FIG. 1 G an attachment possibility of two side parts together
  • FIGS. 1B to 1D of a further form of a floor element
  • FIGS. 1 B to 1 D of a further form of a floor element representations corresponding to FIGS. 1 B to 1 D of a further form of a floor element
  • 4A to 4C representations corresponding to FIGS. 1 B to 1 D of a further form of a floor element representations corresponding to FIGS. 1 B to 1 D of a further form of a floor element
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B show further cooling modules, with FIGS. 5A a
  • Cooling module with installed cooling plates and Fig. 5B show a similar cooling module with integrated cooling blades
  • FIGS. 5A & 5B exploded views of the floor elements used in FIGS. 5A & 5B with two battery cells to be inserted
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an insulating shell, a perspective view of a floor element with two inserted battery cells and two insulating used, a perspective view of a cooling module with inserted battery cells, a perspective view of a floor element with inserted fire protection element, a perspective view of a floor element with a foam pad,
  • 12A to 12C is a perspective view of a housing with a
  • FIG. 13A and 13B is a perspective view of a side of the housing of FIG. 12A seen from the inside or an enlarged Secured sectional drawing of this page in the circled area,
  • FIG. 14A & 14B shows a representation of a battery module with an installed board of a battery management system and FIG. 14B shows a schematic representation of the attachment of a board of a battery management system to battery cells of a cooling module, Figs. 15A & 15B are schematic representations of a temperature resp Growth sensor between adjacent battery cells of a battery module.
  • FIG. 1A shows a perspective view of a battery module 1 with a cooling module 10 according to the invention that is used in normal operation for cooling the battery cells 1 1 of the battery module 1, but which can also be used at low outside temperatures to heat the battery cells 1 1 ,
  • the cooling module 10 has a substantially cuboidal shape and has a distributor 12 in its input region and a collector 14 in its output region.
  • the distributor 12 and the collector 14 each have a conclusion or spout 16, 18, through which the coolant can be added or removed.
  • the cooling module 10 is composed of a plurality of floor elements 20, wherein in the example of Fig. 1 A six floor elements 20 are placed on each other or stacked to form the cooling module 10.
  • the cooling module 10 is a cooling module of a multi-cell rechargeable battery, such as a rechargeable battery. a lithium-ion battery, wherein the cells in Fig. 1 are not apparent.
  • each level element 20 comprises a first and a second side part 22, 24 having at least one flow channel 21 or 21 'and connecting means 28 having cooling channels 26, the cooling channels thereof 26 extend between the flow channels 21, 21 'of the side parts 22, 24.
  • the side members 22 and 24, which are the same in cross-section and can be cut from an extrusion, are shown in cross-section in Fig. 1E.
  • the above-mentioned manifolds 12 and collectors 14 are mounted end-to-end on the respective side members 22 and 24, respectively, by screws 27 which engage through suitable positions of the manifold and collector in the passages 29, 29 'of the side members 22 and 24 (see Fig. 9), with seals 25 between the manifold 12 and the side member 22 and between the collector 14 and the side member 24 are provided and the manifold 12 and the collector 14 have openings communicating with the flow channels 21 and 21 '.
  • the flow channels 21, 21 'and the screw passages 29, 29' of Fig. 1 E are formed by respective elongated hollow passages of the extrusion of Fig. 1 E.
  • a continuous plate 31 is sealingly fastened by means of further screws (not shown), which also engage in the screw passages 29, 29'.
  • the plate 31 stiffens such a composite adds cooling module 10 and seals the backs of the flow channels 21, 21 'of the side parts 22, 24 from.
  • a respective side part 22, 24 has its own sander 12 and its own distributor 14 at a respective end of the side part 22, 24 (not shown). That that the cooling liquid flows only through a flow channel 21, 21 'of each side part 22, 24 between a separate collector 14 and a separate manifold 12. Further, there is also the possibility that a side member 22 is connected at one end to the manifold 12 and the collector 14 is attached to the second side member 24 at the opposite end of the manifold 12 of the second side member 24 (also not shown).
  • the design of the distributor 12 and of the collector 14 can be carried out exactly as described in detail in WO2012 / 028298 and shown here in FIG. 9.
  • the relevant content of WO2012 / 028298 is hereby made part of the present application.
  • the flow channels 20, 20 'of the side parts 22 and 24 are in this example on the backs 30, 30' of the side parts 22 and 24 by (not shown) screwed sealed strips or glued or welded strips or individual plugs in the flow channels 21, 21 'on the backs 30, 30' are used or otherwise closed fluid-tight.
  • the connecting device 28 is attached approximately in the middle of each side part 22 and 24 and forms, as shown in FIG. 1 B, each have a free space 32, 32 'above and below the connecting device 28 and between the side parts 22 and 24.
  • Um the cooling channels 26 of the connecting device 28 in terms of flow with the flow channels 21, 21 'of the side parts 22 and 24 to connect, either the wall portions of the side parts 22 and 24, which define the flow channels, provided with a continuous slot into which the corresponding side of the connecting device 28 is inserted, or the flow channels 21, 21 'are made as closed on all sides cavities and the Side wall milled out to form a slot which receives the corresponding side of the connecting device 28.
  • the latter is the preferred solution since it can then be more certain that a fluid-tight connection will be made at the conforming ends of the slots.
  • a path for the cooling liquid is thus created, which proceeds as follows:
  • the cooling liquid is taken from a supply (also not shown) by means of a pump (not shown) and fed via a line (not shown) into the inlet nozzle 16 of the distributor 12.
  • the internal cavity of the manifold 12 communicates with the six stacked side members 22 so that a uniform flow into each flow channel 21 of the six side members 22 takes place.
  • the cooling liquid is also uniform in the individual cooling channels 26 of the connecting means 28 and flows through them.
  • the cooling liquid flows into the flow channels 21 'of the side parts 24 and from there into the inner cavity of the collector 14. From there, the cooling liquid leaves the collector 14 via the outlet nozzle 18 and flows through an unillustrated Return line and at least one heat exchanger, not shown, back into the storage tank.
  • the cooling module 10 is designed in such a way that the flow channels of each side part on the input side of the cooling module are provided with a coolant-carrying distributor 12 and the flow channels of each side part on the outlet.
  • the cooling side of the cooling module 10 with a coolant leading collector 14 is in fluid communication.
  • the floor elements 20 in plan view are preferably square or rectangular, but they could instead have a different shape such as a triangular shape in plan view.
  • the construction according to FIGS. 1A to 1 E can consist of first and second extruded or injection-molded side parts 22, 24 in the form of plastic profiles, as well as an extruded or injection-molded, thin-walled connecting device 28, with several compared to the cross section of the flow channels 21, 21 'smaller cross-sectional cooling channels 26, wherein the side parts 22, 24 and the connecting means 28 are secured by hot gas or ultrasonic welding together.
  • the plastic that is used here for the side parts and the connecting device is, for example, polyamide.
  • FIGS. 2A to 2C show an alternative solution which, viewed in the form, is very similar to the solution according to FIGS. 1A to 1E.
  • the difference lies in the fact that here the first and second extruded sections 22 and 24 made of metal, eg Al, Cu or Mg or an alloy with Al, Cu or Mg, with a thin-walled, brazed or welded or welded connection device 28th also made of metal, preferably of the same metal, with a plurality of cooling passages 28 having smaller cross sections compared to the cross section of the flow channels 21, 21 ', the side parts and the connecting device being fixed to one another by soldering, welding or gluing. It would also be conceivable to use an injection-molded connection device 28, for example according to FIG.
  • the connecting device 28 could also consist of a plurality of preferably adjacent and parallel to each other arranged smaller extruded profiles having microchannels.
  • lateral extruded profiles 22, 24 made of metal such. Aluminum, which are connected to a thin-walled, brazed cooling plate 28 with microchannels 26 to each other.
  • the connection of the three parts 22, 24 and 28 by soldering, welding or gluing.
  • the floor element 20 can, as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, be realized as a die-cast part, usually made of aluminum, of an aluminum alloy such as LM 40 or of magnesium or of a magnesium alloy such as AlMg.
  • the die casting embodiment according to FIGS. 3A to 3C can be summarized as follows: There is a heat sink 22, 24, 28 in die-cast design, the main flow passages 21 and 21 'being realized via slides.
  • the open transverse channels 26 are made by means of sliders.
  • the slider is understood to be movable inserts of a die casting mold which are inserted into the mold during the production of the diecast part and are pulled out of the diecast mold to release the part.
  • the open transverse channels 26 are closed on the upper side and the lower side in FIGS. 3A to 3C by means of plate-shaped elements in order to form closed cooling channels.
  • a possible embodiment of the plate-shaped elements is described in detail in the form of insulating shells 40 in FIG. 7.
  • Figs. 4A to 4C show a construction similar to Figs. 3A to 3C in which open portions 23 are provided in the connector 28 (Fig. 4C).
  • the open areas 23 of the connection means 28 form open cooling channels of the connection means 28.
  • an insulating shell 40 (see Fig. 7) is respectively adhesively bonded to the connecting means 28 from above and below by means of a suitable adhesive (see Figs. 4B and 4C for a coupling means provided with insulating shells 40), also a different connection of the insulating shells 40 conceivable with the connecting device.
  • the insulating shell 40 is preferably a shell made of PET and the connector 28 is used e.g. manufactured as an aluminum die-cast part.
  • FIG. 4C also shows an optional tube 68 (see also FIG. 10), in particular made of fiberglass, which can be used to achieve a higher pressure loadability of the cooling element (mechanical pressure).
  • an optional tube 68 in particular made of fiberglass, which can be used to achieve a higher pressure loadability of the cooling element (mechanical pressure).
  • the hollow profile has a groove 42 on one longitudinal side and a spring 44 on the other longitudinal side, with the spring 44 of the one side part 22 forming a stack 45 of the hollow profiles or 24 of the one floor element 20 is inserted into the groove 42 of the adjacent side part 22 and 24, respectively.
  • the hollow profile forming the side parts 22 and 24 has two lateral lugs 46 and 48, which each form a niche 50, 52 into which the hook-shaped ends 54, 56 of the generally C-shaped spring clips 58 engage to hold the stack 45 together.
  • the spring clips, their preferred spatial arrangement and their holding function are also apparent from Fig. 1A.
  • extrusions which are shown in Fig. 1 E and 1 G and side parts 22 and 24 form, have the following overall features: a) on one longitudinal side of a U-shaped groove 42,
  • the spring clips or retaining springs 58 are therefore provided in order to hold the side parts 22, 24 of at least two stacked floor elements 20 together, wherein the retaining springs 58 hook-shaped ends 54, 56 which in form-fitting niches 50, 52 of the side parts 22, 24 of the floor elements 20 engage.
  • turbulators 60 are seen in the flow channel 21, 21 'of FIG. 1 E. These are additional parts which are used in the channels of the cooling profiles to reduce the cross-section. The goal is to get from a laminar flow to a turbulent flow and thus to increase the cooling performance. At least one turbulator may be provided in each flow channel on the input side and / or on the output side. The increase in pressure due to the turbulator (s) must be taken into account during the design.
  • Fig. 1F shows a possible embodiment of a turbulator 60, with alternately arranged spheroidal regions of larger diameter and cylindrical portions of smaller diameter.
  • the turbulators are designed so that they have a constant repetition between reduced and enlarged cross section.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B show illustrations of further cooling modules 10.
  • FIG. 5A shows a cooling module 10 with installed cooling plates 62 and
  • FIG. 5B shows a similar cooling module 10 with integrated cooling wings 64, the construction of which is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B
  • Each floor 20 comprises at least a first and a second, each at least one flow channel 21, 21 'exhibiting side part 22, 24, which are formed by a U-bent extruded profile, so that a three-sided floor element 20 is formed with a continuous flow channel 21, as well from at least one substantially planar element 28 which extends between the side parts 22, 24.
  • An inner space 32, 32 ' is formed between the adjacent at least one planar element 28 of adjacent levels 20 and the spaces are designed to accommodate the battery cells 11, in particular flat, rectangular or square battery cells.
  • FIGS. 5A & 5B show exploded views of the floors used in Figs. 5A & 5B with two battery cells to be inserted. While the construction shown in Figures 5A and 5B is known per se, it may be modified with the ones described herein to form an improved cooling module 10, e.g.
  • the cooling modules 10 of FIGS. 5A & 5B may be constructed in tiers, using side panels provided with corresponding tabs 46, 48 of FIG. 1E to allow the individual tiers 20 to be held together with retaining clips 58.
  • FIG. 5A or 5B An example of the above-mentioned insulating shells 40 is shown in FIG.
  • the insulating shells can on the one hand with the cooling module 10 according to one of Figures 1A to 1 G, 2A to 2C, 3A to 3C 4A to 4C, in which cooling channels 26 having connecting plates 28 are used, on the other hand with cooling modules 10 as shown in FIG. 5A or 5B be used.
  • the insulating shells 40 serve various purposes.
  • a cooling module 10 shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C and 4A to 4C respectively, they are attached to the connector 28, e.g. Example by means of an adhesive, and thus serve as a wall of the cooling channels 26 of the connecting device 28th
  • the insulating shells 40 When the insulating shells 40 are used with floor elements as shown in Figs. 3A to 3C and 4A to 4C, respectively, the insulating shells 40 are placed on the upper side and the Bottom of the integral with the side members 22, 24 connecting device 28, whereby the openings for the slide are sealed.
  • cooling modules 10 In these cooling modules 10 and in the other previously described cooling modules 10 of FIGS. 1A to 1 G, 2A to 2C, 5A and 5B, they form at least one additional electrical insulation between the battery cells 1 1 and the cooling module 10.
  • the insulating shells 40 are preferably made in a thermoforming process from PET film and are used against both the cell and against the cooling, i. e.g. the connecting device 28, or the cooling vanes or cooling plates glued. They should have the smallest possible wall thickness to minimize their influence on the cooling performance. They have a closed bottom with a peripheral edge, at the front side recesses for the cell tabs by e.g. a punching process are introduced.
  • the use of insulating shells 40 which is described above in connection with the embodiments according to FIGS.
  • 3A to 3C and 4A to 4C is not limited to this embodiment, but would be suitable in any embodiment in which a receiving space 32, 32 ' is formed above and below a connecting device 28 and in all other conceivable constructions nen, which have receiving spaces for the battery cells.
  • FIG. 8 shows a drawing similar to FIG. 12 of FIG.
  • the present invention also includes a method for producing a
  • Cooling module 10 of a rechargeable cell battery module comprising the steps of: a) producing a plurality of similar floor elements 20, wherein each floor element of a first and a second, at least one flow channel 21, 21 'having side part 22, 24 and a cooling channels 26th having connecting means 28, the cooling channels 26 extend between the flow channels 21, 21 'of the side parts 22, 24,
  • each connecting device 28 has a cell mounted on each side of each connecting device 28 and the floor elements 20 then assembled into a stack, or
  • the floor elements 20 are assembled into a stack 45 and the cells are subsequently introduced into spaces 32, 32 'formed by two adjacently arranged floor elements 20, in principle it is also possible to introduce one or more battery cells into each room two battery cells per room 32, 32 'introduced.
  • the method also comprises the further step:
  • a fire protection element 66 is arranged in the space formed between the cooling vanes 64 in the plane of the cooling vanes 64. It is a non-combustible, thermally insulating material that between the battery cells 1 1 a double cell assembly consisting of the eta- genelement 20 each with a battery cell 1 1 above and below the cooling vanes 64 (here, only the upper battery cell 1 1 is schematic indicated by dashed lines) is arranged.
  • a flame-retardant material or a material which inflates under the influence of heat to thermally better isolate the cells from each other can be arranged between the battery cells 1 1 of a double cell arrangement.
  • two insulating shells (such as 40 - not shown) between the battery cells 1 1 and thedephilgeln 64, and the fire protection element 66 are arranged.
  • the fire protection element 66 should prevent the fire propagation between adjacent battery cells 1 1 when a cell fires and can also serve an additional mechanical fixation of the battery cells 1 1.
  • a fire protection element 66 z As a silicate fiber board, a plate of a foaming foam inflates when exposed to temperature, a mineral fiber plate, a steel plate or an aluminum plate can be used. Such fire protection elements 66 can also between adjacent battery cells 1 1, and / or between the uppermost battery cell and a cover of the cooling module 10 (see Fig. 12B), and / or between the lowermost battery cell and a bottom of the cooling module 10 (not shown), and / or on the front side of the cooling module 10 between the electrical connection rows consisting of the electrical connections of the battery cells 1 1 and the spacer elements, as well as outside of these terminal rows on the battery cells 1 1 side facing the battery management system supporting board. Furthermore, FIG.
  • FIG. 10 shows a stabilizing element 68, which is arranged between the opposite side parts 22, 24 of a floor element 20.
  • a stabilizing element 68 prevents the side parts 22, 24 from spreading apart.
  • the (mechanical) compressive strength of a cooling module is also increased by the use of a stabilizing element 68.
  • such a foam sheet may be applied to the top and bottom cells of the battery module (not shown).
  • the Schaumstoffla- ge which can also be replaced by another type of damping element, which achieves a damping of the construction, is used for additional mechanical fixation of the cells 1 1, even with a possible loss of vacuum of the battery cells 1 1.
  • a silicone foam with a defined compression strength in a defined arrangement and size (area and thickness of the material) is applied to the cells 1 1, to bias them with a defined force.
  • the compression strength of the foam material so it must be chosen so that the battery cells are not damaged during assembly, but held together by the silicone foam so that no free space can arise, and to protect the battery cells from external influences such as shocks.
  • the specific foam is applied in a defined arrangement and size (area and thickness of the material) on the cells to bias them with a defined force.
  • the foam is between each double pack and on the top and bottom cell.
  • a material may be used which also has a fire protection function, so that it can be in the fire protection material 66 and the damping element 70, the same material.
  • a fire protection material 66 and / or a damping element 70 the space of a battery module is ideally not increased.
  • the foam 70 also increases the ability of the battery to absorb compressive forces.
  • a housing 80 a three-piece housing having a front side 84 (see, eg, FIG. 13A), an inwardly bulging cover 82 (see FIGS. 12B and 12C) above the stack 45 and an optionally inwardly bulging floor (not shown) below the stack 45.
  • a deflection of the housing plates is balanced when force application from the inside, so that in the installed state, the lid 82 and the bottom, ie the housing plates after receiving the outgoing of the damping elements forces are no longer concave but flat.
  • the aim is that no deflection to the outside arises. Ideal design creates a smooth, non-curved outer surface.
  • At least a portion of the housing here in the front face 84 of the housing 80, at least one defined weakened area 90 in the housing 80, i. a predetermined breaking point, are provided.
  • This area opens due to material breakage in the battery module 10 prevailing overpressure. This weakened area allows outgassing in a given area.
  • FIG. 13A shows a rear view of the front side 84 of the housing 80, with horizontal and vertical stiffening ribs 86 extending from a planar outer side towards the inside of the cooling module 10.
  • the stiffening ribs are provided in a crossed arrangement.
  • Fig. 13B shows a section along the section line III - III of Fig. 13A.
  • some stiffening ribs 86 are provided with notches 88 to form the predetermined breaking points.
  • 14A shows an illustration of a battery module 1 with an installed board 92 of a battery management system. In order to electrically connect the circuit board 92 with the battery cells 1 1, the board is brought directly into contact with the terminals of the battery cells 1 1 and screwed by screws 94 with these.
  • FIG. 14B shows a partial section through a screw 94 along the section plane IV-IV of FIG. 14A.
  • the screws 94 secure the circuit board 92 to the spacers 96 of the terminal rows 96 and the battery cell terminals which are connected by vertical
  • Clamping pins 98 are pressed together to form a clamping system.
  • Such Battery management system and its connection to the battery cells 11 are described in detail in WO 2010/121829.
  • a plurality of spring contacts 100 are provided between the board 92 and the spacer elements. These are essentially in the form of hairpin springs 100 with a nose 102 on one leg 104, the nose 102 which engage corresponding grooves 106 of the spacers and provide secure contact between the spacers and the board.
  • the spring contacts are preferably in contact with conductive regions of the circuit board 92 with their second limb 108.
  • These additional spring contacts 100 additionally form, in addition to the measuring paths formed by the screws 94 and the conductive spacer elements, redundant measuring paths of the battery management system. The aim of the redundant measuring paths is to preserve the function of the measuring paths even if one screw connection (first measuring path) fails as the main measuring path.
  • the spring contacts 100 can be applied in a placement machine.
  • the grooves 106 of the spacer elements 96 ensure that the battery management system can rest on the clamping system in a planar manner.
  • FIGS. 15A and 15B show schematic representations of the attachment of a temperature and / or growth sensor 110, 112 between adjacent battery cells 11 of a battery module 1.
  • temperature sensors 110 are used on so-called flex conductors 14 between the battery cells 11.
  • the flexible conductor (s) 1 14 is or will be Neten bodies of the board 92 of Battenemanagennentsystenns for the temperature and / or growth measurement connected.
  • the temperature sensors 110 can be formed by so-called NTC resistors (negative temperature coefficient thermistors).
  • the temperature sensors 1 10 can be provided on each battery cell 1 1. But are separated by means of an insulating foam thermal. For growth measurement contact surfaces are provided with spacers made of compression foam. When cell growth occurs, the foam is compressed and thus the two contact surfaces are joined, which is communicated to the battery management system.
  • growth sensors 1 12 can be used as an alternative pressure sensors.
  • the growth sensors 12 are also connected to corresponding flex conductors 14 at suitable points on the board 92 of the battery management system.
  • the temperature sensors as well as the pressure sensors can also be fitted together on a flexible conductor.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
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  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément d'étage pour un module de refroidissement composé de plusieurs éléments d'étage, en particulier, d'un module de refroidissement d'une batterie rechargeable comprenant plusieurs cellules, telle que, par exemple, une batterie lithium-ion, chaque élément d'étage comprenant un premier et un second élément latéral présentant respectivement au moins un conduit d'écoulement, et un dispositif de raccordement présentant des conduits de refroidissement, les conduits de refroidissement s'étendant entre les conduits d'écoulement des éléments latéraux. L'invention concerne en outre un élément latéral, un module de refroidissement et un procédé de production d'un module de refroidissement.
PCT/EP2014/077192 2013-12-10 2014-12-10 Élément d'étage, élément latéral, module de refroidissement et procédé de production d'un module de refroidissement Ceased WO2015086669A2 (fr)

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DE102013113797.0A DE102013113797A1 (de) 2013-12-10 2013-12-10 Etagenelement, Seitenteil und Kühlmodul sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kühlmoduls
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EP3291358A1 (fr) 2016-08-31 2018-03-07 Akasol GmbH Ensemble modulaire de batterie et plaque de refroidissement a utiliser dans un ensemble modulaire de batterie
CN111312944A (zh) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-19 本特勒尔汽车技术有限公司 模块化构建的电池载体
CN113169409A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2021-07-23 3M创新有限公司 电动交通工具电池冷板组件
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CN114388945A (zh) * 2020-10-20 2022-04-22 大众汽车股份公司 用于高压蓄电池的电池组、尤其电池包或电池模块
CN114709509A (zh) * 2022-03-17 2022-07-05 高拓石油天然气技术（上海）有限责任公司 一种适用于电池包、电池组的微通道冷却装置
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DE102019109812B3 (de) * 2019-04-12 2020-06-10 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Kühlelement, Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Kühlen von Batteriezellen, insbesondere für Pouch-Zellen, sowie Batteriepack
DE102020114187A1 (de) 2020-05-27 2021-12-02 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Batteriemodul für Batterie und Kraftfahrzeug mit Batterie sowie Betriebsverfahren
EP4089812A4 (fr) * 2020-06-10 2023-08-16 Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co., Ltd. Système de dissipation de chaleur, module de batterie et système d'alimentation et de distribution d'énergie
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EP3291358A1 (fr) 2016-08-31 2018-03-07 Akasol GmbH Ensemble modulaire de batterie et plaque de refroidissement a utiliser dans un ensemble modulaire de batterie
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CN111312944A (zh) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-19 本特勒尔汽车技术有限公司 模块化构建的电池载体
CN113169409A (zh) * 2018-12-14 2021-07-23 3M创新有限公司 电动交通工具电池冷板组件
US20210376416A1 (en) * 2020-05-28 2021-12-02 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Method for producing a battery carrier and battery carrier
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US12441858B2 (en) 2020-07-31 2025-10-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Article with thermal insulation properties
CN114388945A (zh) * 2020-10-20 2022-04-22 大众汽车股份公司 用于高压蓄电池的电池组、尤其电池包或电池模块
CN114709509A (zh) * 2022-03-17 2022-07-05 高拓石油天然气技术（上海）有限责任公司 一种适用于电池包、电池组的微通道冷却装置

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