WO2015083110A1 - Firearm sound suppressor or silencer - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed shot sound silencer or suppressor is designed such that it can be installed on a firearm and such that propellant gases can pass through the silencer or suppressor and a bullet can pass through the exit aperture thereof, wherein the proposed shot sound silencer or suppressor is partially or completely made from a porous material with a pore size of from 5 μm to 1.5 mm. The porous material can be based on metal powders or on hollow or solid metal particles or on a combination of the aforementioned porous materials. In order to control the direction and intensity of the discharge of propellant gases, the walls of the shot sound silencer or suppressor can be configured with a differential porosity.

Description

 Firearm silencer or silencer

Field of Invention

 The invention relates to devices that reduce the sound of a shot of small arms, and in particular, to silencers or silencers of shot sounds.

State of the art

 The main sources of sound when firing a firearm are, first of all, the sound of the action of the mechanism of the weapon itself (hammer blow on the hammer, hammer on the capsule, clang of moving parts of the automatics when reloading the weapon, blows the bolt against the barrel and back plate); even before the bullet leaves the barrel, the sound comes from the air displaced from the barrel by a bullet moving along the barrel, and powder gases breaking into the gap between the bullet and the barrel and surpassing it at supersonic speed. Powder gases bursting between the drum chamber and the barrel create additional noise in revolvers.

The sound of the shot is explained by the high pressure and temperature of the powder gases at the muzzle, much higher than the pressure and temperature of the air: the pressure of the powder gases at the muzzle of the small arms barrel is about 200 kg / cm (for the not-so-powerful 38-caliber revolver), the temperature is about 1000 ° C. The rapid expansion of powder gases after departure from the barrel, the formation of a shock wave and are accompanied by such a sharp and loud sound. The volume level (intensity) of the sound is determined in logarithmic units - decibels (dB). The volume level of the sound generated by the powder gases reaches 100-125 dB, and the gases that fly out of the barrel after the bullet and overtake it - 115-135 dB.

The main object of the invention is a muzzle wave created by powder gases following a bullet.

At a supersonic speed of a bullet — more than 320 m / s at sea level — a shock (“ballistic”) wave forms in front of its nose in the air, which is also a high level sound source. The initial velocity of a bullet in pistol cartridges usually does not exceed the sonic one.

The most common device for lowering the sound level is an expansion type silencer. In the chambers of this device, the powder gases gradually expand and lose their speed and temperature. The action of most of them is based on a decrease in the pressure of the flow of powder gases by increasing their volume and lowering the temperature before entering the atmosphere.

A known device for silent shooting, which is screwed onto the end of the barrel of AKM or AK-74 assault rifles. The device contains a thick rubber washer located at some distance in front of the barrel. Gases bursting between the bullet and the barrel wall are retained by the membranes, and through the corresponding channels are sent to the first expansion chamber, from where they are discharged into the environment. The bullet penetrates the washer, and it is followed by the bulk of the powder gases, which, passing through the next several expansion chambers, escape into the atmosphere with significantly lower pressure and temperature.

Known silencer for firearms (RU2104457), containing an inner casing in the form of a stepped cylinder, on which the casing in the form of a hollow cylinder. A divider is placed inside the casing, on the protruding part of the casing of which a brake capacitor is fixed in the form of a cup with a side window. Part of the powder gases, leaving the bore, enters the chamber, where they expand and pass through the perforated partition into another chamber. Another part of the powder gases passes through the divider and the brake-compensator.

The disadvantages of the known devices are the relative fragility of their elements, the limited use of types of cartridges, as well as the reduction of the jamming effect when firing cartridges with supersonic bullet speed. Disclosure of the invention

The proposed silencer or silencer of shot sounds is made with the possibility of its installation on a firearm and the passage of powder gases through it, as well as bullets through its outlet, and the proposed silencer or silencer of shot sounds partially or completely made of porous material with pore sizes from 5 μm to 1.5 mm, preferably from 50 μm to 1 mm. The silencer material intended for passing powder gases through it contains either only open (through) pores, i.e. communicating with the plate surfaces and participating in the filtration of powder gases in the presence of a pressure gradient on the porous body, or both open (through) pores and dead-end pores. The porous material may be based on metal powders (spherical, droplet-like, spongy, dendritic, dish-shaped, fragmentation, fiber and / or lobed), or metallic hollow or solid particles (for example, up to 3.00 mm in the outer layer and up to 5 mm in size internally), or combinations of the aforementioned porous materials (for example, various metal powders or metal powders and metal hollow particles).

The porous part of the proposed silencer, intended for gas permeation, can be made of two or more layers of porous material with different porosity of the said layers. According to one embodiment of the invention, the porous silencer portion intended for gas permeation is made of two layers of porous material, wherein the inner layer is made of material with porosity from 20 to 55%, preferably 40-55%, and the outer layer is made of material with porosity from 10 to 45%, preferably 17-40%, with a ratio of the height of the lower and upper layers from 1: 1 to 1: 2.

Also, the individual walls of the silencer (also a separate part or segment, or several parts or segments of the silencer) intended for gas permeation may have different porosities. The silencer or attenuator of the sounds of a shot can be made in the form of a truncated cone, or a cylinder, or a spheroid, or parallelepiped, or a combination of these figures. Also, the silencer can be made in the form of plates or plates adapted to cover holes leading out of the gunpowder gases or in the form of a housing made of porous material provided with internal chambers, and its walls and / or partitions of internal chambers can be made with differentiated porosity or non-porous material. According to another embodiment of the invention, the silencer or silencer of shot sounds is made in the form of an inner casing of a porous material located in an outer casing of a porous material. The silencer or attenuator of the sound of a shot can be provided with channels in the housing, with or without combination with differentiated porosity of the material of the housing or the inner and outer casings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

 FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal and cross section of the muzzle of the barrel and the compensator gun IZH-HR-31;

FIG. 2 - single chamber version of the muffler,

 FIG. 3 is another embodiment of a silencer with a device restricting the breakthrough of powder gases through the bullet hole of the silencer, FIG. 4 - an embodiment of a silencer with a rear part of a silencer partially made of porous material,

 FIG. 5 is an embodiment of a silencer made in the form of an internal chamber of a porous material located in an outer casing also made of a porous material having a lower porosity,

FIG. 6 is a variant of a two-chamber design of a silencer with an acentric arrangement of the barrel of a weapon having gas vents,

 FIG. 7 is a variant of a silencer comprising a spiral membrane of porous material located in an outer casing of porous material,

FIG. 8 - embodiment of a silencer with two layers (external and internal) of through-porous material, FIG. 9A and 9B are an embodiment of a silencer with differentiated porosity, where FIG. 9A is a perspective view of a silencer with differentiated porosity, where in sector a the through porosity is increased compared to the rest of the silencer body, FIG. 9B is a cross section of the silencer shown in FIG. 9A,

 FIG. 10 is an embodiment of a silencer-flame arrester mounted on a mortar barrel.

The silencer or attenuator of the sounds of a shot can be made in the form of a plate or plates adapted to cover the holes that remove powder gases from the weapon. In FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal and cross section of the muzzle of the barrel and the compensator of the gun IZH-HR-31, where 1 is a plate of porous metal, 2 is the body of the recoil compensator, 3 is the gun barrel.

Also, a silencer or silencer of shot sounds can be made in the form of a hollow truncated cone, or a cylinder, or a spheroid, or parallelepiped, or a combination of these figures. In FIG. 2 shows a cross section of a single-chamber version of a truncated cone-shaped muffler, where 4 is the working part of the muffler made of through-porous metal, 5 is a fixing nut, 6 is a muffler wall adjacent to the barrel of a weapon, equipped with a retainer, 3 is a barrel of a weapon.

Also, a silencer or a silencer of shot sounds can be made in the form of a housing of the aforementioned porous material provided with internal chambers. In FIG. 3 shows a variant of a silencer with a device restricting the breakthrough of powder gases through the bullet hole of the silencer and having a preliminary gas expansion chamber, where 4 is the working part of the silencer made of through-porous metal, 5 is a fixing nut, 6 is a silencer wall adjacent to the barrel of the gun, equipped with a clamp , 3 - the barrel of the weapon.

Walls (for example, front reflector) and / or partitions of said inner chambers can be made with differentiated porosity or non-porous material. In FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the muffler with the rear part of the silencer partially made of porous material, where 4 is the working part of the silencer made of through-porous metal, 5 and 5 is a fixing nut, 6 is the wall of the silencer adjacent to the barrel of the weapon, partially made of through-porous material, 7 - retainer, 3 - weapon barrel.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the silencer or silencer of shot sounds is made in the form of an inner case located in an outer case also made of the said porous material. Moreover, the outer and inner casing may have different porosity. In FIG. 5 shows a silencer made in the form of an inner chamber of a through-porous material located in an outer casing also made of through-porous material, where 4 is a working part of a silencer made of through-porous metal, 5 is a fixing nut, 6 is a silencer wall adjacent to the barrel of a weapon made of through-porous material, 3 - barrel weapons.

In FIG. 6 shows a variant of the two-chamber execution of a silencer with an accentric arrangement of the barrel of the weapon equipped with gas vents, where 4 is the working part of the silencer from through-porous metal, 5 is a fixing nut, 6 is a silencer wall adjacent to the barrel of the gun made of non-porous material, 3 is the barrel of the weapon .

In FIG. 7 shows a variant of a silencer comprising a spiral membrane made of a porous material and located in an outer casing also made of a porous material. The purpose of the spiral membrane is to quench the speed of the main part of the flow of powder gases exiting the gun barrel.

In FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a silencer with two layers of porous material, where the inner layer is made of porous material (sintered spherical particles) with a porosity of 20 to 45%, preferably 40-45%, and the outer layer is made of porous material (sintered spherical particles) with a porosity of from 10 to 40%, preferably 17-40%. The preferred height (thickness) of the lower and upper layers is from 1: 1 to 1: 2.

To compensate for the “recoil”, the silencer or reducer may be provided with channels in the housing, with or without combination with differentiated porosity of the housing or the inner and outer casings.

To control the direction and intensity of the exit of the powder gases, the walls of the muffler or sound attenuator can be made with differentiated porosity. Control over the direction and intensity of the exit of powder gases from different parts of the muffler may be necessary to reduce the withdrawal of the gun barrel from the line of fire as a result of “recoil”. Differentiated porosity of the silencer can contribute to the return of weapons to the line of fire or reduce the effort to return weapons to the line of fire.

In FIG. 9A and 9B show a variant of a silencer with differentiated porosity. The proposed silencer in sector a has a through porosity greater than the rest of the silencer body. This leads to a greater outflow of gases in the upper part of the muffler (sector a) and the appearance of a moment of force directed in the opposite direction of the outflow of gases, thus fully or partially compensating for the withdrawal of the gun barrel from the aiming line - fire.

The proposed gun sound reducer may also serve as a flame arrester.

As shown in FIG. 10, in order to reduce the sound of a shot, a through-pore muffler 8 can be installed on the barrel of the mortar 3, combined or not combined with a double-loading fuse. At the same time, this silencer is a flame arrester. According to the Boyle-Mariotte law, the product of the pressure and volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature. A decrease in the pressure flow of the powder gases, and hence a decrease in the sound level of the shot, can be achieved by increasing their volume and lowering the temperature before entering the atmosphere. When fired, powder gases fall after the bullet into the silencer body. When expanding, the pressure of the powder gases decreases. The uneven surface of the muffler, when a muzzle wave of powder gases falls, causes gas reflection, gas flow rotation, counterflows and turbulent turbulence. Particles of gas, colliding, quickly lose their energy. The creation of counterflows and swirls allows you to lock the gases in the silencer body - the expansion chamber. This effect is enhanced by the porous silencer body or part of the silencer designed for gas permeation and made of heat-absorbing material. Passing through the through and dead ends of the silencer body, gas particles collide, reflect, and form turbulent flows in the pores. At the same time, gases transfer thermal energy to the silencer body, losing their energy, cooling and reducing their own pressure. In the manufacture of a silencer body from hollow spheres, the elastic deformation of hollow spheres is added to all the previous effects, increasing the reflection of the stream, its swirl and leading to even greater reduction in sound. In a multi-chamber silencer, the efficiency of sound reduction is increased.

Claims

Claim 1. Silencer or silencer of shot sounds, made with the possibility of its installation on a firearm and passing through it powder gases, as well as bullets through its outlet, characterized in that said silencer or silencer of shot sounds is partially or fully made of porous material with dimensions pores from 5 μm to 1.5 mm, preferably from 50 μm to 1 mm. 2. The muffler or sound reducer of a shot according to claim 1, characterized in that it is partially or completely made of through-porous material or material containing both through and dead-end pores. 3. The muffler or silencer of the sound of a shot according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous material is made on the basis of metal spherical, droplet-shaped, spongy, dendritic, dish-shaped, fragmentation, fiber and / or petal powders, or metal hollow particles, or solid particles, or combinations of said porous materials. 4. A muffler or sound attenuator according to any one of the above items, characterized in that its walls are made with differentiated porosity. 5. A silencer or silencer of the sound of a shot according to any one of the above paragraphs, characterized in that its separate part or segment, or several parts or segments, have a porosity different from the porosity of the remaining parts or segments of the silencer. 6. A silencer or silencer of the sound of a shot according to any one of the above paragraphs, characterized in that the porous part of the silencer intended for gas permeation is made of two or more layers of porous material with different porosity of the said layers. 7. A silencer or silencer of the sound of a shot according to claim 6, characterized in that the porous part of the silencer intended for gas permeation is made of two layers of porous material, wherein the inner layer is made of material with a porosity of from 20 to 55%, preferably 40-55 %, and the outer layer is made of material with porosity from 10 to 45%, preferably 17-40%, with a ratio of the height of the lower and upper layers from 1: 1 to 1: 2. 8. A muffler or silencer of the sound of a shot according to any one of the above paragraphs, characterized in that it is made in the form of a truncated cone, or cylinder, or spheroid, or parallelepiped, or a combination of these figures. 9. A silencer or silencer of the sound of a shot according to any one of the above paragraphs, characterized in that it is made in the form of a plate or plates adapted to cover the openings that remove powder gases from the weapon. 10. A muffler or sound attenuator according to any one of the above paragraphs, characterized in that it is made in the form of a housing of said porous material provided with internal chambers. 11. The muffler or sound attenuator according to claim 10, characterized in that its walls and / or partitions of the inner chambers are made with differentiated porosity or non-porous material. 12. A silencer or silencer of the sound of a shot according to any one of the above paragraphs, characterized in that it is made in the form of an inner casing of said porous material located in an outer casing of said porous material. 13. A silencer or silencer of the sound of a shot according to any one of the above paragraphs, characterized in that it is provided with channels in the housing in combination with or without combination with differentiated porosity of the housing or the inner and outer casings. 14. Flame arrester, performed according to any one of the above paragraphs.