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WO2015077471A1 - Création de fonctions physiquement non copiables par l'intermédiaire d'une fabrication additive - Google Patents

Création de fonctions physiquement non copiables par l'intermédiaire d'une fabrication additive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015077471A1
WO2015077471A1 PCT/US2014/066656 US2014066656W WO2015077471A1 WO 2015077471 A1 WO2015077471 A1 WO 2015077471A1 US 2014066656 W US2014066656 W US 2014066656W WO 2015077471 A1 WO2015077471 A1 WO 2015077471A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
detectable
materials
layers
openings
different
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2014/066656
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas A. Campbell
Christopher B. Williams
Olga Sergeevna IVANOVA
Amelia McDow ELLIOTT
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2015077471A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015077471A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/369—Magnetised or magnetisable materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09C—CIPHERING OR DECIPHERING APPARATUS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC OR OTHER PURPOSES INVOLVING THE NEED FOR SECRECY
    • G09C1/00—Apparatus or methods whereby a given sequence of signs, e.g. an intelligible text, is transformed into an unintelligible sequence of signs by transposing the signs or groups of signs or by replacing them by others according to a predetermined system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0861—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0866—Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords involving user or device identifiers, e.g. serial number, physical or biometrical information, DNA, hand-signature or measurable physical characteristics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3271—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using challenge-response
    • H04L9/3278—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using challenge-response using physically unclonable functions [PUF]

Definitions

  • Counterfeiting is enabled by the availability of enhanced technology that allows a counterfeiter to mass-produce and distribute authentic looking products and packaging.
  • the availability of sophisticaied digital equipment like photo-quality scanners and three-dimensional (3D) printers helps the counterfeiter produce nearly identical copies of a legitimate company's packaging, documentation, logos, or labels for their counterfeit products, thereby effectively camouflaging what may very well be a substandard product.
  • the anti-counierfeiting device also needs to be compatible with the underlying device. Moreover, the anti -counterfeiting device cannot detract from the appearance or value of the product to be protected.
  • a product identification, verification and authentication method is needed that may permanently be included on goods, and that allows for inexpensive and simple identification and verificationtio of thai good.
  • the product identification * verification and authentication method must be one that is not readily detectable by counterfeiters, and further must be one that is not readily copied by counterfeiters.
  • the present invention provides an anti-counterfeit device with three-dimensional characteristics.
  • the device may .include a substrate having one or more layers and each layer may be a combination of detectable and matrix materials,
  • each of the layers may have differing combinations of detectable and matrix .materials.
  • Each layer may also have one or more different detectable materials and one or more predetermined patterns of detectable materials.
  • the different patterns of detectable materials may further be distributed in the x, y and z planes to form three-dimensional patterns,
  • the device includes layers that are one molecule or more in thickness.
  • the detectable material or materials may be quantum dots, radioactive materials, nano- or microparticles such as polyethylene microsphere, magnetic uanoparticles, silica or latex particles.
  • Further embodiments provide one or more detectable materials that are responsive to forces or stimuli such as electromagnetic spectra, photon, radiation, heat, magnetism, electricity, chemical, mechanical, acoustics, or vibration.
  • Another embodiment provides an anti-counterfeit device with three-dimensional characteristics that includes a substrate having one or more openings therein. Each opening defines a space, opening, aperture or well having predetermined three-dimensional pattern or characteristic. In addition, one or more detectable materials are included in each opening.
  • the present invention provides a device having a substrate that is comprised of one or more layers. Each layer may have at least one opening having predetermined dimensions. Other embodiments include at least two openings having different dimensions. [00015] Other embodiments of the present invention provide a device wherein at least fifty percent of the openings have different dimensions, wherein at least seventy-five percent of the openings have different dimensions, or all of the openings have different dimensions. Each opening may have therein differing combinations of detectable and .matrix materials. Each opening may also include a plurality of detectable materials. Each opening may also include one or more different detectable materials therein. The materials may also be distributed in combination with matrix materials in the x, y and z planes in each opening..
  • inventions include methods of making an anti -counterfeit device with three-dimensional characteristics in accordance with one or more of the embodiments described above.
  • Methods of manufacture may include, but are not limited to, additive manufacturing, casting, injection molding, sub-tractive manufacturing, sheet forming, pressing, crystal growth, deposition, lithography, sintering, lathing, easting or 3D printing as well as other methods thai add dimensional layers.
  • Embodiments of the present invention can comprise a system for fabricating unique identifiers for anti -counterfeiting devices.
  • Figure 1A is a front image of an embodiment of the present invention subjected to visible light.
  • Figure I B is a perspective image of the embodiment shown, in Figure LA.
  • Figure 1.C is another perspective image of the embodiment shown in Figure .1 A .
  • Figure 2 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the embodiment shown in Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a top view of an embodiment of the presen invention.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 6A-6.B are side views of embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a top view of an embodiment of die present invention, which is -partially constructed.
  • Figure 9 is a side view of the embodiment shown in Figure 8.
  • Figure 1.0 is a top view of the embodiment shown in Figure 8 illustrating the construction of the device after removal of material.
  • Figure 1 1 is a side view of the embodiment shown in Figure 10.
  • Figure 12 is a top view of the embodiment shown in Figure 8 illustrating the construction of the device with the addition of a detectable -material
  • Figure 13 is a side view of the embodiment shown in figure 12.
  • Figure 14 iliustrates the curing of the embodiment shown in Figure 8.
  • Figure 15 is a top view of the embodiment shown in Figure 8 illustrating a completed. layer.
  • Figure 16 is a side view of the embodiment shown in Figure 15.
  • Figure 17 is an image of the embodiment shown in Figure 1A that ha been subjected to UV -light which illuminates the embedded detectable materials to reveal the unique signature of the device,
  • Figures I SA- I SP are fluorescence microscopy images for a channel depth of 700 um taken at magnification for increasing concentrations of detectable and with encircling indicating embedded detectable materials.
  • Figures 1 A- 19S are fluorescence microscopy images of 700 um channel filled with 0.005% QD nanosuspension under various exposure times, as indicated at a scale of 500 um.
  • Figures 20A-20C are fluorescence microscopy images of 700 um channel .filled with 0.005% QD nanosuspension under the indicated magnifications with encircling indicating embedded detectable materials.
  • Figure 2.1 is a top view of another embodiment of the present in vention.
  • Figure 22 is a side view of the embodiment shown in Figure 21.
  • Figure 23 is an exploded top view of die embodiment shown in Figure 2.1.
  • Figure 24 illustrates a printing system of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 25 illustrates a binder system that may be used with an embodiment of the resent invention.
  • Figure 26 iliustrates aiiother binder system that may be used with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 27 illustrates die steps that ma be taken to create some embodiments of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a unique anti-counterfeiting device that incorporates features that render the device nearly incapable of being cloned.
  • the device uses a disordered physical system for indicia that creates a unique signature associated with the device that is revealed by an external stimuli upon which it reacts.
  • the disorder may extend throughout the device or it may be included in features, segments or select areas of the device.
  • the present invention provides as anti-counterfeiting device that i a device having a unique signature, profile or other characteristic.
  • some embodiments of the present invention use nanoscale stmeturai disorder that cannot be cloned or reproduced exactly, not even by its original manufacturer.
  • each device is unique from any other device, hi addition, the nanoscale nature of the devices make some embodiments particularly suitable as labels to be affixed to articles or products to be protected, as well, as for incorporation into the article itself.
  • one embodiment, of the present invention provides an anti-counterfeit device 100, with three-dimensional characteristics comprising a. substrate 102 having a plurality of openings 110-127. As tor the embodiment shown, each opening has predetermined dimensions in the x and y planes. In a preferred embodiment, the substrate 1.0.2 is 40 mm by 25 mm and each opening may be uniformly distributed and have dimensions that, are 3 mm by 4 mm.
  • the openings may be arranged in rows 107-1.09. The depth of each opening may increase from row to row.
  • substrate 102 has a depth of 1.5 mm and the rows have a depth ranging from 0.05 mm for row 107, 0.35 mm for row 1.08 and 0.70 mm for row 109.
  • openings 210-213 differ in the x and y planes and are non-repeating.
  • openings 220-223 differ in the x and y planes and form non-repeating pairs.
  • at least two openings have different dimensions.
  • at least fifty percent of the openings have different dimensions.
  • at least seventy-five percent of the openings have different dimensions or no openings have the same dimensions,
  • device 700 may be comprised of multiple layers 702-704. As shown, this particular embodiment includes a plurality of layers of the configurations shown in Figures 2 and 3. In other embodiments the multiple layers may be comprised of the variants described above and have n-layer as desired.
  • the concentration of detectable material in each opening is not uniform. It may gradually increase in concentration along a row or it may be different in one or more openings. In other embodiments, at least fifty percent of the openings have different concentrations of detectable materials, in yet other embodiments, at least seventy-five percent of the openings have different concentrations of detectable materials or no openings have the same concentrations of detectable materials.
  • Each opening may also be Oiled with one or more detectable materials that respond to an external stimulus.
  • A. preferred material to use in the openings is a matrix material combined with quantum dots.
  • a preferred quantum dot material is cadmium selenide.
  • a preferred matrix material may be binder that is clear in appearance.
  • Detectable materials are not limited to quantum dots and may include any materials that respond to a stimulus in a known or repeatable manner.
  • suitable materials include, but are not limited to, nanospheres, nanomaterials, microspheres, radioactive materials, polyethylene microspheres, magnetic particles, silica particles, or latex particles.
  • suitable detectable materials include materials that are responsive to electromagnetic spectra, photons, radiation, heat, magnetism, electricity, chemical stimulus, mechanical stimulus, acoustics, or vibration.
  • Other embodiments use differing combinations of detectable materials in the openings.
  • the ami-counterfeiting device configured to have had a wide range of design variables imbues the device with a disordered physical arrangement in which a detectable material is embedded. The device is then subjected to an external stimulus, which causes the detectable materials to react creating a recordable, unique signature for the device as a result of the disordered nature of the design. After the unique signature is mapped, it may be stored and later used to validate the authenticity of the device and the article to which it is associated.
  • the anti-counterfeiting device signals or images may be sent to a cloud-based server. The cryptographic key may be accessed within this cloud-based server and compared to the raw signal from the anti-counterfeiting device. If there is a match within a previously determined margin of error, the device may be considered authentic.
  • device 800 may be constructed by first forming substrate 802 which may be composed of a first material 804 and one or more removable or sacrificial materials 806. Upon removal of material 806, as shown in Figures 10-1 1 , openings 818-820 are formed which may be configured as described above. As shown in Figures 12-13, the one or more openings 818-820 are filled with the detectable quantum dot material 825-827 i accordance with the above disclosure.
  • the material may be cured with UV light source 860. As shown in Figures 15-16, the above steps may be repeated to form one or more layer 870 as also described above.
  • Figures 1 A-I C the device when subject to regular Sight, the quantum dots are not visible. However, when the device is subject to UV light as the stimulus, the quantum dots are visible.
  • Figure 18A- S F depicts fluorescence microscopy images for the channel depth of 700 um taken at magnification - 5x, exposure - 100 ins, gain - 2, and intensity - 5. (a) 0 wt. , (b) 0.005 wt%, (c) 0.05 wt.%, (d) 0.1 wt.%. (e) 0.5 wt.%. and (f) 2 wt.%. Circles 900-903 indicate quantum dots.
  • Figures 19A-19J show fluorescence microscopy images of 700 um channel filled with 0.005% quantum dot nanosuspension under various exposure times, as indicated, with a scale equal to 500 um.
  • Figures 20A-20C show fluorescence microscopy images of 700 um channel, filled with. 0.005% quantum dots nanosuspension under various magnifications, as indicated and with the quantum dots encircled.
  • Device .1000 includes one or more layers 1003-1006.
  • Layer 1003 acts as a protective cap and layer 1006 serves as a base which may have adhesive section 1 07 for affixing device .1000 to an object
  • layers 1004 and 1005 include detectable materials 1010-1020 and matrix materials 1030 and 1031.
  • the matrix material may be clear in composition.
  • each of the layers has a di ffering three-dimensional combination of detectable and matrix materials. This is the result of each portion or section of detectable material having different dimensions in the x, y and z planes.
  • detectable material 1012 in layer 1005, as shown in Figure 22, provides a different three-dimensional pattern in the x, y and z planes than the three-dimensional pattern formed by detectable material portion 1020.
  • non-repeating three-dimensional patterns may be created.
  • Detectable materials 1010, 1012, 1015, 1017 and 1020 in layer 1005 form different three-dimensional patterns of detectable material as a result of the materia! being located in different x, y and z planes.
  • three-dimensional patterns 1010, 1012, 1015. 1017 and 1020 in layer 1005 form different patterns than the patterns formed by detectable material sections 101 1 , 1013, 1014, 1016, 1018 and 1019 in layer 1004.
  • each layer may include different detectable materials having different identifying signatures.
  • section 1012 may be comprised of a quantum dot while section 1020 maty be comprised of a magnetic particle.
  • each layer may be one molecule or more in thickness.
  • the detectable material that may be used is a quantum dot, nanosphere, nano aierial, microsphere, radioactive material, polyethylene microsphere, magnetic particle, silica particle, or latex particle.
  • Che detectable material may be a material that is responsive to forces or stimuli such as electromagnetic spectra, photon, radiation, heat, magnetism, electricity, chemical, mechanical, acoustics, or vibration.
  • the anti-eounterfeiting device may be constructed for use as a label. In other embodiments of the present invention, the anti -counterfeiting device may be constructed to form part of the article to be protected.
  • additive manufacturing AM
  • AM generally pertains to technologies that tabricate artifacts through the successive creation of the parts' cross-sectional layers.
  • Many AM technologies have principal solutions ranging from, using a UV laser to cure resin, to precisely extruding a heated polymer filament for the machines' common primary function: to form layers by die selective placement (or forming) of solid material.
  • AM allows anti-counterfeiting device to be created with geometrically complex configurations, and with designed topologies and structures, that cannot be fabricated by any other means.
  • 3DP indirect three-dimensional printing
  • printing system 1 100 includes a binder supply 1 102, build device 1 104 located in chamber 1 105. print head ⁇ 106, roller 1 108, powder feed piston H 10 and build piston 1 1 12.
  • binder enters the powder bed and is applied to build object 1 104 by print head 1 106, A roller 1 108 is used to a id a new layer of powder at the desired thickness onto the previously printed layer. Excess powder from this recoating process is caught into an overflow container for reuse.
  • This layer-by- layer fabrication process affords the creation of geometrically complex parts that cannot be made by any other means.
  • This technology ca be adapted to fabricate devices using powder particles comprised of a polymer 1 130 and deteciable materials which may be combined to form solid clumps or aggregates 1 140. The solids stitch together to form a cross-sectional layer device.
  • nanopartieies can be introduced in the powder system by using nanosiispension 1 150 thai interacts with itself either through mixing or through a spray-drying process, to form an aggregate 1 152 as shown in Figure 26.
  • an adhesive layer may be added to allow for the fixation of the device to an object to be protected.
  • the device may be built into the structure of the device itself.
  • the additive manufacturing system includes at least one CAD system and controller configured to receive instructions for printing the device from the CAD system.
  • the controller may be further configured t relay commands relating to the received instructions.
  • the controller may be one or more computer- based controllers for operating the printing system. Accordingly, the controller may monitor and direct the operation of the component of the system with the use of sensors (e.g., thermocouples) and process control loops.
  • a controller may receive printing instructions and send commands to one or more components of the system such as a print head 11.06.
  • the system also includes one or more print heads, 1 1 6, in signal communication with at least one controller, the one or more print heads being configured to receive at least a portion of the one or more detectable materials and matrix materials.
  • Print head 1 106 typically operates in the x and y planes by the use of gantries.
  • Build piston 1 1 12 which may also be in communication with a controller, typically moves the device in the z-pla.ee,
  • an overall process for making and using the embodiments of the present invention include at step 1 198 using the CAD system to provide a digital representation of the device to the controller, from which the extrusion pattern for the print head ⁇ 06 is determined.
  • step 1 198 using the CAD system to provide a digital representation of the device to the controller, from which the extrusion pattern for the print head ⁇ 06 is determined.
  • step 1200 print bead .1 106, the roller and other components of the system such as build piston 1 1 12 are managed by the controller.
  • the controller may be any suitable computer system for receiving data from the CAD system and directing deposition and pattern creation of step 1200 through the embedding of a detectable material as described above, in step 1201 , the detectable materials are excited or subjected to a stimulus to which the detectable material is responsive.
  • step 1202 the response, which is the unique signature of the device, is mapped and then stored in step 1203.
  • the signature may be stored o one or more servers as known to those of skill in the
  • the detectable materials in the device are again excited or subjected to a stimulus to which the detectable material is responsive as set forth in step 1204.
  • a handheld device or some other portable device preferably performs this step.
  • the detected unique signature is compared with the stored signature associated with the device for validation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé pour la réalisation d'un dispositif anti-contrefaçon. Le dispositif présente des indices anti-contrefaçon comportant des caractéristiques tridimensionnelles. Le dispositif comprend un substrat présentant une pluralité de couches. Chacune des couches est une combinaison de matériaux détectables et de matériaux matriciels qui forment des motifs désordonnés non répétitifs, résultant d'une répartition aléatoire dans les plans x, y et z.
PCT/US2014/066656 2013-11-21 2014-11-20 Création de fonctions physiquement non copiables par l'intermédiaire d'une fabrication additive Ceased WO2015077471A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201361906927P 2013-11-21 2013-11-21
US61/906,927 2013-11-21

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WO2015077471A1 true WO2015077471A1 (fr) 2015-05-28

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US20160332477A1 (en) * 2015-05-12 2016-11-17 International Business Machines Corporation Three dimensional printing within polymeric currency
CN109754263A (zh) * 2017-11-01 2019-05-14 杭州沃朴物联科技有限公司 一种基于振动信息特征和随机金葱粉的防伪系统
US10354768B2 (en) 2017-01-10 2019-07-16 Hamilton Sunstrand Corporation Radiographic and computed tomography inspection anti-counterfeit security
US20200082235A1 (en) * 2018-09-07 2020-03-12 Transpacks Technologies Private Limited Anti-counterfeiting mark with 3-d features
US10685199B2 (en) 2016-03-08 2020-06-16 Dust Identity, Inc. Generating a unique code from orientation information
US11075769B2 (en) 2019-06-25 2021-07-27 Transpacks Technologies Private Limited Anti-counterfeiting tag, system and method of manufacturing and authentication therefor
WO2021205162A1 (fr) 2020-04-06 2021-10-14 Cambridge Enterprise Limited Procédé de fabrication additive de couches
US12214613B2 (en) 2019-11-05 2025-02-04 Dust Identity, Inc. Applying and using unique unclonable physical identifiers

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US20100220371A1 (en) * 2007-09-20 2010-09-02 China Banknote Printing And Minting Corporation Security Functional Thin Film and Security Product Containing the Functional Thin Film
US8171567B1 (en) * 2002-09-04 2012-05-01 Tracer Detection Technology Corp. Authentication method and system
US20120241515A1 (en) * 2011-03-21 2012-09-27 James Freeman Optically Readable Identification Security Tag or Stamp
US20130022238A1 (en) * 2011-06-23 2013-01-24 Covectra, Inc. Systems and methods for tracking and authenticating goods

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US8171567B1 (en) * 2002-09-04 2012-05-01 Tracer Detection Technology Corp. Authentication method and system
US20070190298A1 (en) * 2005-01-14 2007-08-16 Cabot Corporation Security features, their use and processes for making them
US20060273147A1 (en) * 2005-06-02 2006-12-07 Warren Jackson Anti-counterfeiting system and method
US20100220371A1 (en) * 2007-09-20 2010-09-02 China Banknote Printing And Minting Corporation Security Functional Thin Film and Security Product Containing the Functional Thin Film
WO2010057307A1 (fr) * 2008-11-18 2010-05-27 Opalux Incorporated Dispositif d'authentification à base de cristal photonique compressible
US20120241515A1 (en) * 2011-03-21 2012-09-27 James Freeman Optically Readable Identification Security Tag or Stamp
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160332477A1 (en) * 2015-05-12 2016-11-17 International Business Machines Corporation Three dimensional printing within polymeric currency
US11308299B2 (en) 2016-03-08 2022-04-19 Dust Identity, Inc. Generating a unique code from orientation information
US10685199B2 (en) 2016-03-08 2020-06-16 Dust Identity, Inc. Generating a unique code from orientation information
US12481850B2 (en) 2016-03-08 2025-11-25 Dust Identity, Inc. Generating a unique code from orientation information
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