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WO2015074802A1 - Acier inoxydable duplex pauvre utilisé en tant que matériau de construction - Google Patents

Acier inoxydable duplex pauvre utilisé en tant que matériau de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015074802A1
WO2015074802A1 PCT/EP2014/071487 EP2014071487W WO2015074802A1 WO 2015074802 A1 WO2015074802 A1 WO 2015074802A1 EP 2014071487 W EP2014071487 W EP 2014071487W WO 2015074802 A1 WO2015074802 A1 WO 2015074802A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vessel
duplex stainless
use according
stainless steel
detector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2014/071487
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Houben
Nicolaas De Munck
Johan SIMDORN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
Original Assignee
ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc filed Critical ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc
Publication of WO2015074802A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015074802A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of a lean duplex stainless steel composition in a vessel or component thereof for handling a material comprising an organic substance.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for handling the material.
  • Carbon steel is frequently used as the construction material for storage tanks, mainly because of its low cost, availability and ease of application. Due to its sensitivity to degradation, oxidation and corrosion it is often required to use a paint or coating as a preventive measure. For instance tanks containing alcohols, plasticizers, acids, aromatics, hydrocarbons, oxygenated fluids, rubber slurries, or waste-water streams generally require a zinc primer to prevent rust contaminating the product contained in the tank. It also known that carbon steel causes product degradation of phthalic anhydride and benzene.
  • Carbon steel or carbon steel with coatings, linings or other protection can also be subject to degradation, and the degradation products can result in contamination of materials coming into contact with the steel, leading to product purity concerns and operational problems in the manufacture of petrochemical products.
  • Organic products containing organic acids with high acid number, water and acids or water streams with a low pH are corrosive and lead to the requirement of internal coating of the tank.
  • Heated and insulated tanks require also external coatings under the insulation to prevent external degradation and leaks. Internal coatings require detailed coating suitability as well as chemical resistance evaluation for all products that need to be stored in the tank.
  • Coatings can also limit the range of products that can be stored in a tank. Coatings are difficult to apply, because application generally requires thorough cleaning, for example by blast cleaning of the carbon steel surface followed by a time consuming curing process of the coating system after every coating layer has been applied. A coating can easily be damaged by mechanical wear from an internal floating roof. If not repaired, corrosive fluid contained in the tank will attack the carbon steel behind the coating. For every coating repair the tank needs to be taken out of service, followed by procedures that typically include cleaning, grit blasting, applying and curing of the new coating system. This repair work is expensive - - because the cleaning and grit blasting generates chemical waste products. Also, coating work in a tank generates solvent vapors, so rigorous safety procedures must be followed.
  • Nickel alloy and austenitic stainless steels or their low carbon grades are the regular materials of construction in such a corrosive service. They are corrosion resistant and do not require an internal coating or lining. However, some of these austenitic stainless steels are highly sensitive to chloride stress corrosion cracking, thus requiring protection against chloride ingress. Chlorides are present in the ambient air in the vicinity of the sea, or in the vicinity of cooling towers, or they can leach from insulation material. Chlorides can also be present in the finished products, intermediate products, raw materials or waste products that are contained in these storage tanks. The lower mechanical strength of austenitic stainless steel requires a higher wall thickness and as a result more weight of steel. A further disadvantage of the nickel alloys and austenitic stainless steels is their relative high cost due to their high nickel and molybdenum content.
  • US 4828630 discloses a duplex stainless steel used for automotive underbody components such as thin-walled automotive castings. This document does not disclose use in preventing corrosion in an organic environment.
  • WO2002/27056 discloses duplex steels suitable for light maintenance free constructions within the transportation, building and construction fields.
  • US2003/0084971 discloses duplex stainless steels to be applied in corrosive environments and into articles of manufacture such as strip, bar, plate, sheet, castings, pipe or tube.
  • US2010/0000636 discloses duplex stainless steel intended for manufacture of structural components for material production installations or energy production installations.
  • Duplex steels and properties thereof are also described in publications and presentations from the Avesta Research Centre including "LDX 2101 Duplex Stainless Steel” brochure from Outokumpu Stainless, and "Properties of the new duplex grade LDX 2404" presented by Carolina Canderyd. There is also a presentation by R. Fourmentin on "Influence of nitrogen on properties of duplex 2304 hot-rolled coils". However, none of these documents discloses use in preventing corrosion in an organic environment. - -
  • One aspect of the present invention provides the use of a lean duplex stainless steel composition in a vessel or component thereof for handling a material comprising an organic substance, which material has a pH in the range of 1.5 to 6, wherein the steel composition comprises by weight percent:
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a method for handling a material comprising an organic substance, which material has a pH in the range of 1.5 to 6, said method comprising containing said material in a vessel formed from, or comprising a component formed from, the lean duplex stainless steel composition the use of which constitutes the first aspect of the present invention.
  • a duplex stainless steel is a steel composition with a mixed microstructure of austenite and ferrite. Typically, the duplex stainless steel is by volume 20 to 80% ferrite, preferably 30 to 70%, and the remainder austenite.
  • a lean duplex steel is a steel composition with a relative low nickel and molybdenum content.
  • the lean duplex stainless steel composition employed in the use and method of the present invention has a composition by percentage weight of the total weight of the composition, as follows:
  • Optional components of the composition include up to 0.05% P, up to 0.04% S, up to 1.5% Si and up to 1% Cu.
  • the balance of the composition is Fe. It will be understood that incidental impurities arising from the procedures for making the steel, though undesirable, may also be present in certain circumstances.
  • the required components of the above-specified duplex stainless steels serve to provide certain properties to the final steel composition that make its employment according to the use and method of the invention of particular value.
  • Guidance on the interplay between the various components and their proportions that result in particular properties may be found, for example, in Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless Steel (ibid.), and in US 4828630 and in EP 1327008.
  • the steel composition employed in the use and method of the present invention comprises one of those compositions set out below having the components as specified in the defined amounts by weight percent, with the balance being Fe: i) ⁇ 0.04 C; 21-22 Cr; 1.35-1.7 Ni; 0.1-0.8 Mo; 0.2-0.25 N; 4-6 Mn; 0.1-0.8 Cu;
  • compositions i) to v) correspond respectively to those duplex stainless steels designated in the art as UNS S32101.
  • lean duplex stainless steels in vessels or components thereof, such as storage tanks or their components, alleviates corrosion problems caused by acids and oxygen.
  • the use also makes the vessels or components less susceptible to chloride stress corrosion cracking and provides vessels/components generally having higher mechanical strength than the austenitic stainless steels. Due to the low nickel content of the specified lean duplex - - stainless steels they are generally also much cheaper than the nickel alloy and austenitic stainless steels.
  • the use and method of the invention require the employment of the designated steels for construction of vessels or vessel-components used for handling materials comprising organic materials of designated pH.
  • the material handled may comprise any organic substance but it is particularly preferred that the material comprises a reactant (including solvents, suspension media, catalysts and other components typically present in reaction mixtures), intermediate, product or by-product of the Oxo (olefin hydroformylation) process; or of processes for the production of aromatic compounds and/or solvents (particularly industrial solvents such as hydrocarbon fluids and oxygenated hydrocarbon fluids).
  • reactants, intermediates, products or by-products include, but are not limited to, alcohols, molten phthalic anhydride, molten benzoic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, esters of such alcohols and anhydrides or acids (for example plasticizer esters), aromatics, hydrocarbon fluids, oxygenated fluids and mixtures of any two or more thereof.
  • the material may also include water in addition to the organic substance (such as one or more of those mentioned hereinbefore).
  • the material maybe a mixture, such as is typically formed in industrial manufacturing processes, of the organic substances and water.
  • Examples of the material in cases where the vessel or component thereof is used for handling reactants (including solvents, suspension media, catalysts and other components typically present in reaction mixtures), intermediates, products or by-products of olefin polymerization processes include butyl or halobutyl rubber slurries and EPDM rubber slurries, and the hexane solvent that is often present in such slurries.
  • a particular embodiment of the use and method of the invention includes the case where the handling includes storage of organic substances such as those mentioned herein as an aqueous slurry optionally containing chlorides.
  • the material typically will have a pH in the range of 1.5 to 6, hence be acidic. More preferably the pH is in the range of 3 to 5.
  • the organic substance comprised by the material may be or may include an organic acid.
  • the material may also further comprise chlorides, for example in the range of 5 to 1000 ppm by weight based on the total weight of the material.
  • the vessel can be any hollow receptacle or other container suitable for handling the materials; and the component thereof may be, for example, any structural part of a vessel (such as a - - sidewall section or roof section) or any operational element used in association with a vessel, such as a flange, valve assembly, inlet or outlet pipe, mixing device, level sensing device or calibration device.
  • the term 'handling' is intended to mean, but is not limited to, any of storing, containing or processing the material.
  • the vessel or component thereof preferably is a tank or tank component. Examples include tanks or tank components used in esterification processes, for example processes for making plasticizer esters, such as a recycle alcohol storage tank, a discarded alcohol tank or an organic-containing waste-water tank. These materials in such tanks comprise organic substances saturated with water and typically also contain phthalic acid and/or benzoic acid and/or formic acid and/or acetic acid at various concentrations, often in combination with dissolved chlorides.
  • the vessels employed in handling (for example storing) liquid materials in performance of the invention may be fitted with or contain ancillary devices.
  • One such ancillary device is a detector for detecting the level of the liquid material in the vessel.
  • a detector for detecting the level of the liquid material in the vessel.
  • Typically such detector serves to trigger an alarm, or even trigger cut-off of supply of the material to the vessel, in the event the level of material in the vessel exceeds a pre-determined limit.
  • US7417919, EP2199763 and US8009085 disclose radar type level detection instruments, detection test methods and apparatus.
  • the present invention includes within its scope those uses and methods where the vessel or vessel-component formed from the specified duplex stainless steel comprises the detector and calibration devices taught in these patent publications.
  • the teachings of such publications are accordingly incorporated herein by reference to provide guidance as to the vessels and components thereof (for example level-detection devices and associated calibration devices) that may be formed from the specified duplex stainless steels to gain the operating advantages offered by the invention.
  • Level-detection devices and associated calibration devices other than those taught in the above-mentioned publications may also be formed from the specified duplex stainless steels in performance of the invention.
  • the vessel-component may comprise a level-detection device that is used in association with means for calibrating the device without having to dismantle the instrument. This is advantageous because otherwise, during dismantling and reinstallation the liquid material in the vessel will be exposed to the operating personnel and to the atmosphere.
  • the devices described below limit these safety and environmental problems.
  • the vessel component comprises at least one part of a device for detecting the level of the material in the vessel, which device comprises means for generating a signal beam, directing the beam towards a surface of the material in the vessel, and detecting the beam reflected from such surface; or at least one part of an apparatus for calibrating such detecting device.
  • the part of the calibration apparatus comprises an elongate member, such as a rod or tube, within or in communication with the vessel and disposed to define a calibration position between the detecting device and the material in the vessel, which calibration position is at a known distance from the detecting device.
  • the level detector is mounted on the vessel (for example a tank), more preferably being installed above a full-bore ball valve.
  • a full-bore ball valve can be mounted on a tank nozzle, and any of such detector body, ball valve or nozzle may be formed from the specified duplex stainless steel.
  • the ball valve is in the open position such that the signal beam emitted from the detector passes through the ball valve orifice into the tank and on to the surface of the liquid material contained in the tank. The beam is reflected from the surface and passes back through the ball valve orifice to impinge on the detector.
  • the detector device is able to determine the level of the liquid in the tank, and initiate corresponding activities (such as shut-off or alarm) or no activities, depending on which triggers are activated by the particular level detected.
  • the ball valve does not restrict the signal beam and offers an accurate level reading.
  • maintenance of the detector device may be carried out without exposing maintenance personnel or the atmosphere to the liquid material (or vapours) contained in the vessel: the ball valve is simply rotated so as to close the orifice and isolate the detector from the contents of the tank. The detector may then be maintained in situ or removed and maintained at a remote location.
  • the detection device will have to be calibrated from time to time to ensure accuracy of the liquid level measurement.
  • the detector may be calibrated using a calibration apparatus comprising a member (rod) of fixed length that at one end is at a fixed position adjacent the detector; and at the other end is provided with a plate or other fixed reflective surface.
  • the length of the rod therefore defines a known distance between the detector and the plate.
  • the rod is simply rotated about its longitudinal axis so as to move the plate into the path of the signal beam emitted by the detector. The beam is reflected back to the detector, which can thus be readily calibrated since the distance between the detector and the reflector plate is known.
  • a calibration apparatus of the type mentioned above may be used remote from the tank, meaning that the detector will have to be removed from the tank for calibration.
  • Such calibration apparatus is easy to carry and can be applied at any location to calibrate a multiple number of detectors. This eliminates the need to install the calibration apparatus inside the tank adjacent each level detector. Therefore, with such calibration apparatus there is no advantage in forming the calibration apparatus from the duplex stainless steel specified for the invention.
  • the described calibration apparatus may be arranged such that the member (eg rod) passes through the vessel wall (for example adjacent where the nozzle and ball valve, on which the detector is mounted, are located).
  • the member eg rod
  • the rod and end plate are contained within the tank, and rotation of the rod moves the plate to intersect the beam normally passing from the detector, through the ball valve orifice to the surface of the liquid in the tank.
  • the beam reflects from the plate, back through the orifice and onto the detector; and because the distance between the plate and the detector is known, the detector may be calibrated.
  • the end of the rod remote from the plate does not have to be arranged adjacent the detector, however: the only requirement is that when the plate is moved into the beam emitted from the detector, the distance between detector and plate is known.
  • the rod might enter the vessel at position remote from the detector; or the plate might be located on or comprise the end of a member that in use is rotated through or slid into the tank until the plate or end intercepts and reflects the beam. Because the rod and plate or other reflective arrangement is within the tank, it is advantageous that it be considered as a vessel-component according to the invention, and hence formed from the specified duplex stainless steel.
  • the vessel component comprises at least one part of apparatus for calibrating the level detector device
  • said part comprises an elongate member within or in communication with the vessel and disposed to define a calibration position between the detecting device and the material in the vessel, which calibration position is at a known distance from the detecting device.
  • the vessel or tank is provided with a ball valve arrangement at its top, and the detector device is mounted above the ball valve.
  • the detector is mounted on one end of a hollow tube, the other end of which is mounted on the ball valve (which may be disposed in a nozzle in the tank).
  • the ball valve In normal use of the detector, the ball valve is open such that the beam emitted by the - - detector passes through the tube, through the ball valve orifice, and through the upper part of the vessel until the bean hits the surface of the liquid material in the vessel and is reflected back through the ball valve orifice, through the tube and to the detector.
  • the ball valve is closed such that the bean travels from the detector, down the tube and is reflected by the closed ball valve back up the tube to the detector. Because the length of the tube is known, the detector can be readily calibrated. Thereafter the ball valve is re-opened and normal liquid-level detection continues until the next calibration is carried out.
  • the diameter of the flange of the level-detector, of the tube and of the ball valve can be any commercially available diameter according to the ASME or DIN codes, preferably 2 to 20 inches (DN50 to DN500), more preferably 3 to 10 inches (DN80 to DN250), and most preferably 4 to 8 inches (DN100 to DN200).
  • the tube can be of any length that permits appropriate use of the detector and its calibration, and is preferably 500 - 1000 mm long.
  • the length is, for example, from 1- 40, preferably 2 - 20, more preferably 4 - 10, and most preferably 5 - 8 times the diameter of the tube.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

Utilisation de compositions d'acier inoxydable duplex pauvre dans un contenant ou un élément de contenant pour la manipulation d'un matériau comprenant une substance organique, lequel matériau ayant un pH situé dans la plage comprise entre 1,5 et 6.
PCT/EP2014/071487 2013-11-25 2014-10-08 Acier inoxydable duplex pauvre utilisé en tant que matériau de construction Ceased WO2015074802A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13194319.3 2013-11-25
EP13194319 2013-11-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015074802A1 true WO2015074802A1 (fr) 2015-05-28

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PCT/EP2014/071487 Ceased WO2015074802A1 (fr) 2013-11-25 2014-10-08 Acier inoxydable duplex pauvre utilisé en tant que matériau de construction

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2015074802A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017182531A1 (fr) * 2016-04-20 2017-10-26 Ugitech Armature de rupteur de pont thermique pour la construction de bâtiments, et rupteur de pont thermique la comportant
JP2017214636A (ja) * 2016-06-02 2017-12-07 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 貯蔵槽用二相ステンレス鋼

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0156778A2 (fr) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-02 Santrade Ltd. Acier inoxydable de type ferritique-austénitique
WO1996039543A2 (fr) * 1995-06-05 1996-12-12 Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. Acier inoxydable duplex et son procede de fabrication
JP2001342585A (ja) * 2000-06-05 2001-12-14 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd ステンレス鋼製酒容器及びその製造方法
EP1306600A1 (fr) * 2000-08-01 2003-05-02 Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. Tuyau d'alimentation de petrole en acier inoxydable
EP1306258A1 (fr) * 2000-08-01 2003-05-02 Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. Reservoir d'essence en acier inoxydable
WO2005058787A1 (fr) * 2003-12-18 2005-06-30 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Perfectionnements relatifs a une hydroformylation
EP2050832A1 (fr) * 2006-08-08 2009-04-22 Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corporation Acier inoxydable à deux phases
US20100000636A1 (en) * 2006-06-16 2010-01-07 Industeel Creusot Duplex stainless steel
US20110306789A1 (en) * 2008-12-01 2011-12-15 Rhodia Operations Process for the manufacture of adipic acid
JP2012126992A (ja) * 2010-11-25 2012-07-05 Jfe Steel Corp 燃料タンク用オーステナイト・フェライト系二相ステンレス鋼
CN102634740A (zh) * 2012-04-27 2012-08-15 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种高塑性的经济型双相不锈钢及其制造方法
JP2012193432A (ja) * 2011-03-17 2012-10-11 Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corp 線状加熱性に優れたケミカルタンカー用二相ステンレス鋼
WO2012143610A1 (fr) * 2011-04-18 2012-10-26 Outokumpu Oyj Procédé de fabrication et d'utilisation d'acier inoxydable ferritique-austénitique
CN103361564A (zh) * 2013-07-16 2013-10-23 江苏银环精密钢管股份有限公司 一种超级双相不锈钢无缝钢管及其制备方法

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0156778A2 (fr) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-02 Santrade Ltd. Acier inoxydable de type ferritique-austénitique
WO1996039543A2 (fr) * 1995-06-05 1996-12-12 Pohang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. Acier inoxydable duplex et son procede de fabrication
JP2001342585A (ja) * 2000-06-05 2001-12-14 Nisshin Steel Co Ltd ステンレス鋼製酒容器及びその製造方法
EP1306600A1 (fr) * 2000-08-01 2003-05-02 Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. Tuyau d'alimentation de petrole en acier inoxydable
EP1306258A1 (fr) * 2000-08-01 2003-05-02 Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. Reservoir d'essence en acier inoxydable
WO2005058787A1 (fr) * 2003-12-18 2005-06-30 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Perfectionnements relatifs a une hydroformylation
US20100000636A1 (en) * 2006-06-16 2010-01-07 Industeel Creusot Duplex stainless steel
EP2050832A1 (fr) * 2006-08-08 2009-04-22 Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corporation Acier inoxydable à deux phases
US20110306789A1 (en) * 2008-12-01 2011-12-15 Rhodia Operations Process for the manufacture of adipic acid
JP2012126992A (ja) * 2010-11-25 2012-07-05 Jfe Steel Corp 燃料タンク用オーステナイト・フェライト系二相ステンレス鋼
JP2012193432A (ja) * 2011-03-17 2012-10-11 Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corp 線状加熱性に優れたケミカルタンカー用二相ステンレス鋼
WO2012143610A1 (fr) * 2011-04-18 2012-10-26 Outokumpu Oyj Procédé de fabrication et d'utilisation d'acier inoxydable ferritique-austénitique
CN102634740A (zh) * 2012-04-27 2012-08-15 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种高塑性的经济型双相不锈钢及其制造方法
CN103361564A (zh) * 2013-07-16 2013-10-23 江苏银环精密钢管股份有限公司 一种超级双相不锈钢无缝钢管及其制备方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 201306, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 2012-Q14069, XP002726095 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017182531A1 (fr) * 2016-04-20 2017-10-26 Ugitech Armature de rupteur de pont thermique pour la construction de bâtiments, et rupteur de pont thermique la comportant
EP3445885B1 (fr) * 2016-04-20 2022-10-19 Ugitech Armature de rupteur de pont thermique pour la construction de bâtiments, et rupteur de pont thermique la comportant
JP2017214636A (ja) * 2016-06-02 2017-12-07 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 貯蔵槽用二相ステンレス鋼

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