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WO2015062956A1 - Procédé pour faire fonctionner un four à arc et four à arc - Google Patents

Procédé pour faire fonctionner un four à arc et four à arc Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015062956A1
WO2015062956A1 PCT/EP2014/072713 EP2014072713W WO2015062956A1 WO 2015062956 A1 WO2015062956 A1 WO 2015062956A1 EP 2014072713 W EP2014072713 W EP 2014072713W WO 2015062956 A1 WO2015062956 A1 WO 2015062956A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
additive
arc
arc furnace
carbon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2014/072713
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Manfred Baldauf
Martin Hergt
Thomas Matschullat
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of WO2015062956A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015062956A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/06—Electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5205—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in a plasma heated furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/20—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings ; Increasing the durability of linings; Breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1678—Increasing the durability of linings; Means for protecting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
    • F27D11/08—Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for Operator Op ⁇ ben an electric arc furnace. Moreover, the present invention relates to an electric arc furnace for melting a melted material.
  • an electric arc leads electrical energy in the form of arcs via graphite electrodes to solid scrap and in a later phase of a melt.
  • the solid scrap is heated directly by the arc and / or indirectly by the radiation of the arc on ⁇ and melted down.
  • the radiation of the arc on ⁇ is melted down.
  • the spacing of the electrodes to the scrap and to the melt can be varied in order to ignite the arc with a small distance and during operation by increasing the distance electrical operating parameters, such as the electrical voltage and / or current to stunning ⁇ influence.
  • the graphite electrodes are subject to a high temperature gradient. At the upper end, the electrode temperature is in the vicinity of ambient. Hall temperature, while the lower end just above the melt is about 3000 K hot. These high temperatures combined with the arc lead to a reinforced Burning of the electrodes in the surrounding air.
  • the burn-up of the graphite electrodes is attributed to approx. 50% of the side oxidation. Incidentally, the burnup is proportional to the square of the current. This means that when operating conventional arc furnaces, attempts are made to avoid the highest possible currents with small arcs at the same time in order to keep the graphite burn-up low.
  • Electrode breakage would not only lead to increased electrode consumption but also to production stoppages and carburizing of the steel when the graphite electrode or fragments thereof fall into the melt.
  • the energy input into the melt or into the scrap is influenced today exclusively by the electrical parameters and the mechanical distance from the electrode to the metal.
  • Arc and radiation power can be increased or decreased.
  • An increase in the conductivity in the arc or in the plasma leads to larger electrode distances and thus to a reduction in the current fluctuations and the so-called flicker.
  • the radiant power is increased and precipitates voluminous, so that the large-volume energy dissipation leads to a rapid Schrottaufnecksammlungrea. In this way, the energy requirement can be reduced in this phase.
  • a metal or a metal salt can be introduced into the plasma.
  • a reduction in the conductivity of the plasma leads to a smaller electrode spacing and lower radiation powers and thus also to lower radiation losses at the furnace walls.
  • the gases like can be introduced into the plasma, such as argon, nitrogen, methane, Koh ⁇ dioxide or.
  • gases can be introduced into the arc hollow electrodes made of graphite, which have in their upper region corresponding nipples for the connection of gas supply lines. Via the nipples, the gas can be introduced into the interior of the hollow electrode and from there into the arc which is located at the lower end of the hollow electrode.
  • WO 2013/064413 AI further describes that the arc, an additive can be supplied, which acts a reaction ⁇ , which leads to a cooling of the electrode due to their energy consumption.
  • the object of the present invention is to operate an electric arc furnace of the type mentioned more efficiently. This object is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1 and by an electric arc furnace having the features of patent claim 11. Advantageous further ⁇ formations of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • Arc furnace which comprises at least one electrode which is made of graphite and which has a passage opening, an arc between the at least one electrode and a melt is generated and a first additive is introduced into the through hole of the electrode, where ⁇ by the Introducing the first additive in the passage opening a chemical reaction is effected and wherein in the chemical reaction carbon is formed, which deposits on the at least one electrode.
  • the electric arc furnace can be designed in particular as an electric arc furnace.
  • the electric arc furnace comprises at least one electrode made of graphite or carbon.
  • An electrical voltage can be provided at the electrode with the aid of a furnace transformer, as a result of which an arc is formed between the electrode and the melt.
  • steel scrap can be used as the melting material.
  • the at least one electrode is designed as hollow ⁇ electrode.
  • a first additive can be introduced in the interior of the electrode, ie in the through-hole.
  • a first additive can be introduced in the interior of the electrode, ie in the through-hole.
  • a first additive can be introduced.
  • a solid, an aerosol and / or a fluid can be introduced.
  • a gas is introduced into the opening of the electrode as the first additive.
  • the first additive is selected so as to effect a chemical reaction in which carbon is formed.
  • the carbon formed in the reaction is deposited on the at least one electrode. This can counteract the erosion of the electrode during operation of the arc furnace
  • the first additive can be chosen in this way be that an endothermic chemical reaction is effected. Energy is needed in this chemical reaction. This energy can be taken from the heated electrode. This has the consequence that the electrode emits heat energy and is thus cooled. Thus, the area of the electrode which is heated in the operation of the arc furnace can be cooled.
  • a hydrocarbon is introduced as the first additive in the passage opening.
  • methane, ethane and / or propane can be introduced into the passage opening.
  • a gas can be stored in a SpeI ⁇ cher announced and introduced via a corresponding connection device in the passage opening of the elec- rode.
  • the gas can be metered by an ent ⁇ speaking control device, such as a controllable valve.
  • the introduction of the first inflow is set substance is controlled so that the chemical reaction to the ⁇ ⁇ to one electrode is effected least least partially within the through hole.
  • the Einbrin ⁇ gene can be controlled so that the chemical reaction takes place in a side facing the melting area of the electrode.
  • an amount of the first additive introduced into the passage opening is controlled as a function of time.
  • the deposition of the carbon at the electrode can be controlled as a result of the chemical reaction.
  • the electrode can have a plurality of openings through which the first additive can be introduced into the passage opening.
  • the area at which the carbon deposits on the electrode can be influenced.
  • a second additive which is designed to oxidize carbon, is introduced into the passage opening.
  • an oxidizing gas such as Sau ⁇ erstoff, carbon dioxide and / or water vapor can be introduced into the through holes opening in addition to the first additive.
  • Fused material is prevented, be prevented.
  • Preference is given to an amount of the first additive and / or an amount of the second additive to be introduced into the passage opening ⁇ , ge ⁇ controlled as a function of time.
  • the proportions of the first and / or the second additive can be controlled in which region of the electrode, the carbon is deposited. Also can be influenced ⁇ enced the area in which the electrode is carried on an oxidation of the carbon formed. Furthermore, the amount of depositing carbon can be influenced. It is also advantageous if, in addition, a second additive for reducing and / or increasing a field strength of the arc is introduced into the passage opening.
  • a second additive can be introduced into the passage ⁇ opening, which reduces the ionization energy in the arc.
  • a metal or a metal salt can be introduced as a second additive.
  • a second additive may be introduced which increases the ionization energy in the arc.
  • a gas such as argon, nitrogen, methane, Kohlendi ⁇ oxide or the like, are introduced into the plasma.
  • an outer surface of the at least one electrode is cooled with water.
  • water can be sprayed onto the electrode from the outside.
  • the electrode can be cooled with water only in the lower region, which faces the melt.
  • ⁇ with the electrode may be cooled from the outside in addition to the chemical cooling in the interior of the electrode.
  • the invention provides an arc ⁇ furnace for melting a molten material having at least one electrode is formed of graphite and the one having through ⁇ hole, an electric power source for generating an arc between the at least one electrode and the melt, a memory means, in of a first additive is arranged, the first of which is to ⁇ record material in the through hole of the electrode can be introduced, wherein through the introduction of the first additive, a chemical reaction is effected in the passage opening and being formed during the chemical reaction of carbon, is located at the deposits at least one electrode.
  • FIG. 2 shows the electric arc furnace according to FIG. 1 in a second
  • the electric arc furnace 10 is formed as an electric arc furnace.
  • the electric arc furnace 10 comprises an upper housing part 12 and a lower housing part 14, which can be moved relative to each other.
  • the electric arc furnace 10 serves to melt a melted material 16, in particular steel scrap.
  • the melt 16 is located in the lower housing part 14th
  • the electric arc furnace 10 comprises at least one electrode 18.
  • the electric arc furnace 10 comprises three electrodes 18.
  • the electrodes 18 are connected to a furnace transformer, not shown here, with which an electrical voltage can be supplied to the electrodes 18.
  • the electrical voltage and / or the electric current are selected so that an arc 20 is formed between the electrodes 18 and the melt 16.
  • the distance of the electrodes 18 to the melt 16 can be adjusted to ignite the arc 20 at a small distance and during operation by increasing the distance to influence electrical Be ⁇ operating parameters.
  • the electric arc furnace 10 is shown in a first phase of operation.
  • the melt 16 is present as a solid 22.
  • the solid 22 or the scrap is supplied by the arcs 20 energy. This causes the solid 22 is melted and the melt 16 is thus present as a melt 24.
  • FIG. 2 shows the electric arc furnace 10 according to FIG. 1 in a second operating phase.
  • the melt 16 is already completely before as melt 24.
  • ⁇ means of the arcs 20
  • 3 shows a schematic representation of an electrode 18 of an arc furnace 10 in a sectional side view. During operation of the arc furnace 10, a temperature gradient forms along the electrode 18. This is due to the fact that the electrode 18 in a lower region 26 facing the molten metal 16 passes through the
  • Arc 20 and the melt 24 is heated to a temperature of up to 3000 K.
  • the electric arc 20 is also formed.
  • An upper portion 28 of the electrode 18, the overall genüberliegt the lower region 26 has approximately the temperature of the environment where the ambient temperature ⁇ playing in a hall on.
  • the temperature gradient is presented by the arrow 30 veran ⁇ shows.
  • mechanical stresses can arise within the electrode 18 which can result in damage to the electrode 18.
  • the high temperatures in the lower region 26 of the electrode 18 can cause a burnup of the electrode 18.
  • the electrode 18 is designed as a hollow electrode.
  • the electrode 18 has substantially the shape of a
  • the electrode 18 has a passage opening 32, which extends from the upper region 28 to the lower region 26 of the electrode 18 along a longitudinal extension. ckungcardi of the electrode 18 extends.
  • a first additive can be introduced in the passage ⁇ opening 32. This is illustrated here by the arrow 36.
  • an appropriate check may be disposed final element of the electrode 18 which is connected to a spoke pure ⁇ direction or a reservoir, in which the first additive is disposed.
  • a hydrocarbon can be introduced into the passage opening 32 of the electrode 18.
  • methane, ethane or propane can be introduced into the passage opening 32.
  • a chemical reaction is effected in which carbon is formed. This causes a carbon deposit inside the hollow electrode.
  • the erosion of the electrode 18 in a lower hot region 34, which faces the melt 16 be counteracted by in-situ production of carbon.
  • This reaction is exemplified for methane as the first additive in equation (1).
  • the reaction can be carried out in an analogous manner with higher hydrocarbons, which are even subject to a greater extent of soot formation.
  • AH R describes the amount of energy needed for the reaction. Since the reaction according to equation (1) is endothermic, ie under heat consumption, it can simultaneously serve to cool the hot region 34 of the electrode 18. The reaction according to equation (1) sets at temperatures above 200 ° C and the equilibrium position is shifted with stei ⁇ gender temperature more on the side of the products and H2 C. At the same time, the kinetics increase faster as a result of the temperature increase, so that more carbon is formed both thermodynamically and kinetically supported at the hot region 34 of the electrode 18 than in the remaining regions of the electrode 18.
  • the carbon formed is deposited at the point where the graphite electrode is consumed by electrode erosion. If the formation of carbon took place in an upper region 36 of the electrode 18, the deposits would narrow the flow cross-section and clog the gas feed, since no erosion takes place in this region by the arc 20.
  • the second additive may be an oxidizing effect founding gas such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and / or ⁇ What serdampf. Such gases can convert undesired carbon to prevent clogging of the flow area in low temperature regions. Examples of such reactions may be, for example:
  • a third additive can be introduced into the passage opening 32 of the electrode 18, by means of which the properties of the arc 20 can be influenced.
  • the field strength of the arc 20 can be influenced by the third additive.
  • a combination of the arc influencing and the chemical cooling of the electrodes 18 can be provided with a common apparatus design.
  • the electrical voltage and / or the current strength of the arc can be monitored.
  • Nehin used for influencing the arc plasma who can ⁇ a chemical repair can additionally be provided, and be compensated 18 of the erosion of the electrode by the decomposition of a hydrocarbon in the interior and / or at the output of the electrode 18th

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour faire fonctionner un four à arc (10) comprenant au moins une électrode (18) qui est constituée de graphite et qui comporte un orifice de passage (32). Dans le procédé, un arc (20) est généré entre l'au moins une électrode (18) et un matériau en fusion (16) et un premier additif est introduit dans l'orifice de passage (32) de l'électrode (18). Une réaction chimique est déclenchée par l'introduction du premier additif dans l'orifice de passage (32). Lors de la réaction chimique, du carbone est formé qui se dépose sur l'au moins une électrode (18).
PCT/EP2014/072713 2013-10-31 2014-10-23 Procédé pour faire fonctionner un four à arc et four à arc Ceased WO2015062956A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013222159.2 2013-10-31
DE201310222159 DE102013222159A1 (de) 2013-10-31 2013-10-31 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Lichtbogenofens sowie Lichtbogenofen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015062956A1 true WO2015062956A1 (fr) 2015-05-07

Family

ID=51870990

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2014/072713 Ceased WO2015062956A1 (fr) 2013-10-31 2014-10-23 Procédé pour faire fonctionner un four à arc et four à arc

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102013222159A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015062956A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB135905A (en) * 1918-11-28 1919-11-28 James Bibby Improvements in or relating to Electric-arc Shaft Furnaces.
DE3940848A1 (de) * 1989-12-11 1991-06-13 Foseco Int Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verschliessen des spaltes zwischen elektrode und ofendeckel eines elektro-schmelzofens
EP0548042A1 (fr) * 1991-12-16 1993-06-23 VOEST-ALPINE Industrieanlagenbau GmbH Procédé pour la production de fontes métalliques, en particulier de fontes d'acier
WO2003037038A2 (fr) * 2001-10-26 2003-05-01 Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.P.A. Electrode destinee en particulier aux fours siderurgiques a arc electrique et procede de fonctionnement connexe
WO2013064413A1 (fr) 2011-11-03 2013-05-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un four à arc électrique

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA321200A (fr) * 1929-06-27 1932-04-05 T. Wiles Sydney Methode de propagation des reactions electrothermiques
DE19801295B4 (de) * 1998-01-16 2007-06-06 Siemens Ag Einrichtung zur Regelung eines Lichtbogenofens
DE102009053169A1 (de) * 2009-09-28 2011-04-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Kontrolle eines Schmelzvorganges in einem Lichtbogenofen sowie Signalverarbeitungseinrichtung, Programmcode und Speichermedium zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB135905A (en) * 1918-11-28 1919-11-28 James Bibby Improvements in or relating to Electric-arc Shaft Furnaces.
DE3940848A1 (de) * 1989-12-11 1991-06-13 Foseco Int Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verschliessen des spaltes zwischen elektrode und ofendeckel eines elektro-schmelzofens
EP0548042A1 (fr) * 1991-12-16 1993-06-23 VOEST-ALPINE Industrieanlagenbau GmbH Procédé pour la production de fontes métalliques, en particulier de fontes d'acier
WO2003037038A2 (fr) * 2001-10-26 2003-05-01 Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.P.A. Electrode destinee en particulier aux fours siderurgiques a arc electrique et procede de fonctionnement connexe
WO2013064413A1 (fr) 2011-11-03 2013-05-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un four à arc électrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102013222159A1 (de) 2015-04-30

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