WO2015059743A1 - 緩衝構造体 並びにこれを適用したシューズ - Google Patents
緩衝構造体 並びにこれを適用したシューズ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015059743A1 WO2015059743A1 PCT/JP2013/078442 JP2013078442W WO2015059743A1 WO 2015059743 A1 WO2015059743 A1 WO 2015059743A1 JP 2013078442 W JP2013078442 W JP 2013078442W WO 2015059743 A1 WO2015059743 A1 WO 2015059743A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ring
- ring material
- column
- deformation
- buffer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
- A43B13/18—Resilient soles
- A43B13/181—Resiliency achieved by the structure of the sole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
- A43B13/18—Resilient soles
- A43B13/187—Resiliency achieved by the features of the material, e.g. foam, non liquid materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a shock absorbing structure that is incorporated into a sole such as a sports shoe or a running shoe so that it can be easily seen from the outside, and shocks applied to a wearer's leg at the time of landing.
- the present invention relates to a novel buffer structure and a shoe to which the shock absorber is applied so that the impact can be buffered in stages, and the repulsive force can be smoothly transferred to the kicking operation of the wearer.
- the buffering member shock absorbing property
- the buffering member is improved as the buffering member that substantially performs the buffering action is softened.
- the buffering member is completely compressed when receiving pressure.
- the shock-absorbing property against the impact in the vertical direction can be ensured for the time being, but the shock-absorbing property against many shocks and deformations from oblique directions that occur in actual use is impaired.
- the columnar cushioning member is made of a softer material, the deformation of the cushioning material (soft material) fixed between the midsole and the outer sole is restricted (constrained) by the upper and lower joint surfaces. Therefore, the high shock absorption performance specific to soft materials is largely regulated (particularly at the start of deformation).
- JP 08-38211 Patent No. 3425630
- JP 2009-56007 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-170104 (Patent No. 1981297) JP 2007-144211 U.S. Pat. No. 7,787,899 JP2003-79402 (Patent No. 4020664) JP2003-9904 Japanese Patent No. 4704429 JP 2009-142705 (Patent No. 4923081) JP 03-170102 A US Pat. No. 5,343,639
- the present invention has been made in view of such a background, and at least most of the outer periphery of the soft material is exposed to the outside, while providing high shock absorption performance (buffer performance) and resilience specific to the soft material.
- the inside is a columnar member and a ring-shaped soft material is provided on the outer periphery, and it does not depend on the surrounding support members.
- the shock absorbing structure of the present invention comprises a column member, an elastic ring member fitted to the column member, and upper and lower pressure receiving parts connected by the column member, and the column member is at least in the pressure receiving direction.
- the ring material is set to have an effective height lower than that of the column material, and is formed in a non-bonded state with the upper and lower pressure receiving portions. After the ring is subjected to compressive deformation, the ring material is then subjected to compressive deformation in the pressure receiving direction, thereby exhibiting multistage shock absorbing performance.
- the effective height of the ring material is preferably 0.2 to 0.95 with respect to the column material.
- At least one of the pillar material and the ring material is formed so that the effective working height is not constant over the entire circumference.
- the pillar material is formed of a foam and the ring material is formed of a solid body.
- the hardness of the column material is Asker C hardness 30 to 100 or JIS A hardness 40 to 120, and the hardness of the ring material is JIS A hardness 30 or less.
- a concave ring bulge space is formed at least in one of the contact surfaces of the ring material and the column material.
- a bulge restricting portion for restricting the bulge deformation of the ring material is provided at least partially on the outside of the ring material.
- At least one of the ring material and the column material is preferably composed of a plurality of different materials or parts having different repulsive forces.
- the pillar material is formed by combining a plurality of members, and the members are configured to be movable and deformed in the pressure receiving direction.
- the ring material is detachably attached to the column material.
- the shoe of the present invention is constructed by incorporating a shock absorbing structure that cushions an impact applied to the wearer's leg when landing on the sole, and the shock absorbing structure is applied to the shock absorbing structure.
- the buffer structure is preferably provided on the sole of the sole.
- the column material when pressure is received, the column material first compresses and deforms in the pressure receiving direction, and then the ring material compresses in the pressure receiving direction together with the column material, with the effect of regulating the bulging deformation of the column material by the ring material.
- the ring material can be deformed in the entire circumferential direction (since deformation is not regulated), the buffer material of the ring material can be exhibited to the maximum, and an excellent buffer property can be realized.
- the effective working height of the ring material is set to a ratio of 0.2 to 0.95 of the column material (height)
- good multistage buffer deformation can be realized. That is, when the ratio is less than 0.2, the height dimension of the ring material is too small to achieve good multistage buffer deformation, and further, the strength support action of the column material by the ring material is small. For this reason, the load flexibility of the pillar material is increased. For example, when a shock absorbing structure is provided on the shoe, the stability during running and walking decreases. If the ratio exceeds 0.95, the height of the ring material is too large (too high), the distance between the pressure receiving part and the ring material becomes too close (clearance is too small), and effective. Multistage buffer deformation is impaired.
- the pressure receiving portion when a shock absorbing structure is provided on a shoe, a tilting action that tilts the wearer's leg in a specific direction at the time of landing or a load applied to the foot is appropriately set. It is possible to generate a load guiding action that guides in the direction.
- the pillar material is made of foam and the ring material is made of solid material
- soft shock absorbing performance can be obtained at the initial stage of shock absorption, and the resilience is gradually increased from here. Both can be achieved. That is, since the foam is deformed with volume shrinkage (high compressibility), the bulging deformation in the radial direction at the time of compressive deformation is smaller than that of the solid body. At the time of pressure receiving, in which only the column material is substantially compressed, the deformation is caused to contract only the volume, and soft cushioning is exhibited.
- the sole of a shoe is usually formed of a foam
- the structure in which the pillar is formed of a foam is also suitable for a structure in which the pillar is integrated with the sole. This is also advantageous.
- the foam itself is light, this structure also contributes to weight reduction of shoes.
- the ring bulge space becomes the deformation space or allowable space of the ring material. It can function and promote the bulging deformation of the ring material. For this reason, the buffer performance as a buffer structure can be improved.
- the bulge restricting portion can appropriately set the material, shape, dimensions, number, and the like depending on how the ring material is deformed when receiving pressure.
- the ring material and the pillar material is composed of a plurality of different materials or parts having different repulsive forces, it is possible to realize a variety of variations having multistage buffer performance.
- the pillar material is formed by combining a plurality of members, and this member is configured to be movable and deformed in the pressure receiving direction, it is possible to realize a variation development having a variety of multistage buffer performances.
- the ring material can be detachably attached to the pillar material, for example, when a shock absorbing structure is provided on the shoe, the user may select and replace the ring material according to his / her preference after purchasing the shoe. It is possible to provide the user with a new way of enjoying such as finding an original arrangement and a multistage buffer characteristic suitable for his running form. That is, by making the ring material detachable, it is possible to customize by exchanging ring materials of different hardness, shape, color, etc. according to the wearer's (user) preference and purpose.
- the buffer structure as described above when applied to a shoe, it is possible to provide a shoe that has improved resiliency while preventing impact while increasing shock absorption.
- the cushioning structure is provided on the sole of the sole, the shoe is provided with the cushioning structure. It is possible to appeal more strongly.
- FIG. Fig. (B) shows the case where the ring material is made of foam and the ring material is made of solid material
- Fig. (C) shows the case where the column material is made of solid material and the ring material.
- FIG. 4D shows a case where both the pillar material and the ring material are formed of foam.
- the upper end of the ring material is formed in a pointed shape, and this is a buffer structure having an action standby portion, and a sectional view (a) skeletally showing a primary buffer stroke and a secondary buffer stroke at the time of pressure reception, And a partial perspective view (b) showing a ring material in which a plurality of partial protrusions are formed on the upper edge of the ring material as another action standby part, and a partial dent in the upper edge of the ring material as another action standby part.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view skeletally showing the primary buffering process to the tertiary buffering process when the plan view size of the column material is changed in the vertical direction
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the buffer structure which fitted the ring material from which a property differs with respect to the upper and lower sides in series.
- Sectional drawing (b) which shows the buffer structure which fitted the ring material which forms gradient form seeing from the perspective view
- sectional drawing (c) which show the buffer structure body which formed the notch in the up-and-down both ends edge of a ring material
- a sectional view (d) showing the buffer structure in which the notch formation positions are slightly shifted from each other in the circumferential direction, and a column material and a ring material in which the ring material is provided eccentrically from the columnar column material are shown.
- It is a top view (f) which shows a mode that the ring material formed in this eccentric state was rotated about 90 degree
- the bulge restricting portion for restricting the bulging deformation of the ring material is formed on the outside of the ring material, and FIG. (A) shows a bulge restricting portion like a standing wall on a part of the outer side of the ring material.
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view skeletally showing the primary buffering process and the secondary buffering process of the buffer structure in the case where it is provided
- FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view showing the primary buffering process and the secondary buffering process in a skeleton manner when a bulging restricting part of a ring shape is provided
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the buffer structure which was fitted in the contact
- FIG. (A) is a shock absorbing structure having different properties at the top and bottom of the pillar material, and shows a skeletal view of an initial state where no load is applied (no load state) and a state after the secondary buffering process.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view showing a buffer structure having different properties on the left and right sides of the pillar material, and is a cross-sectional view skeletally showing the initial state and the state after the secondary buffer process.
- C is a cross-sectional view of the buffer structure having different properties on the upper and lower sides of the ring material
- FIG. (D) is a diagram of the buffer structure having different properties only on the lower side and the inner circumference side of the ring material.
- FIG. 8 (e) shows only a ring material in which the properties are partially different by forming a number of small holes only in the lower part while forming one ring material with the same property member.
- FIG. (F) is a cross-sectional view of a buffer structure in which only pillar materials are formed in three stages with materials having different properties.
- Fig. (G) is a cross-sectional view of the buffer structure in which only the ring material is formed in three stages with materials having different properties.
- Figs. (H) to (j) are the properties of both the column material and the ring material. It is sectional drawing of the buffer structure formed with a different material.
- the figure (a) is a sectional view of a buffer structure in which the thickness of the ring material increases in the radial direction toward the lower side while forming the columnar material in a columnar shape, and a perspective view of only the ring material.
- FIG. 4C is an explanatory diagram showing a partially broken buffer structure in which the cross-sectional size (diameter dimension) of the ring material is changed stepwise in the height direction.
- FIG. 4D is an explanatory view showing a part of the shock absorbing structure in which the ring material is formed in a spiral shape in addition to such a stepwise change in diameter and size. It is sectional drawing of the buffer structure which made the upper pressure receiving part and the lower pressure receiving part continue.
- FIG. (A) is the perspective view, sectional drawing, and top view at the time of fitting one ring material on the outer side of several pillar materials
- FIG. 4B is a plan view and a cross-sectional view in the case where a ring material is fitted to each of a plurality of column members
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a plan view when a ring material is fitted into each group.
- Sectional drawing which is another form which shows the buffer structure provided with two or more pillar materials, and shows the primary buffer stroke and the secondary buffer stroke when a plurality of pillar materials itself bulges and deforms at the time of pressure receiving. It is a perspective view mainly showing the column material in the initial state.
- FIG.5 (b) is explanatory drawing which shows a mode when removing a ring material from a pillar material (shoes).
- the perspective view (initial state) which shows the other buffer structure which has the pillar material which combined several members, the exploded perspective view of the upper part and lower part except a ring material, and the primary buffer of this buffer structure
- It is sectional drawing which shows a process and a secondary buffer process skeletally. It is an example of arrangement when a plurality of cushioning structures are provided on the sole of the foot of a shoe (sole), and FIG.
- (A) is an explanatory diagram arranged at three locations of the thumb ball, the little finger ball, and the buttocks Figure (b) is an explanatory diagram in which a buffer structure having a low buffering property is provided on the inner side (IN side) of the foot and a buffer structure having a high buffering property is provided on the outer side (OUT side).
- FIG. (A) is suitable for a midfoot strike. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of arrangement
- the embodiment for carrying out the present invention includes one described in the following examples, and further includes various methods that can be improved within the technical idea.
- the cushioning structure 1 of the present invention is provided on footwear such as a shoe S.
- the cushioning structure 1 is a leg of a person (wearer) who wears the shoe S.
- the shock applied to the body is buffered, and the repulsive force can be smoothly converted into the kicking motion of the foot.
- shoes (sport shoes) S are mainly shown as products provided with the buffer structure 1, but other footwear includes, for example, sandals.
- the buffer structure 1 of the present invention can be applied to other than footwear, and for example, it can also be applied to a supporter or protector worn by an athlete to protect a joint or the like.
- the shoe S provided with the buffer structure 1 will be described.
- the shoe S is formed by joining an upper S2 that covers an instep or the like to a sole S1 serving as a ground contact portion.
- the said buffer structure 1 is provided in single or multiple on the foot sole etc. of this sole S1, for example.
- FIG. 1 also illustrates a mode in which the buffer structure 1 is attached to almost the entire outer periphery of the sole surface of the sole S1 (shoes S).
- a receiving space for accommodating the buffer structure 1 is formed in advance in the sole S1 (not shown), and after the buffer structure 1 is stored therein It is also possible to close this receiving space with a transmissive member (transparent member) so that the buffer structure 1 can be seen from the outside.
- the shock absorbing structure 1 of the present invention is mainly intended to buffer the shock when a shocking compressive load is applied (at the time of receiving pressure), but at a suitable stage where the buffering proceeds (the buffer material is bottomed).
- the repulsive force is smoothly transferred to the kicking motion of the wearer's foot (so-called repulsiveness) before the impact phenomenon occurs.
- a pillar member 2 and a ring member 3 fitted to the pillar member 2 are used as main constituent members.
- FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (d) are a skeletal view from the first-stage buffering (primary buffering process) to the second-stage buffering (secondary buffering process). It is. That is, the primary buffer stroke shows a deformation stage (compression deformation) in which only the column member 2 is reduced in height by the pressure-receiving load, and the secondary buffer stroke is performed after the compression deformation of only the column member 2 proceeds. Both the column member 2 and the ring member 3 show a deformation stage (compression deformation) in which the height dimension is reduced.
- the buffer deformation process in FIG. 1 is a deformation process that occurs until the runner (wearer) lands his foot on the ground and kicks out, and the relationship between the amount of deformation and force generated in the buffer structure 1 is illustrated in FIG. It becomes a hysteresis loop.
- the hysteresis loop includes the deformation process of the buffer structure 1 of the following 1) to 4).
- the first deformation process (“deformation process A” in the figure) in which the soles land, the pressure receiving part 4 receives an impact compression load, and only the column member 2 deforms mainly. 2) a second deformation process (“deformation process B” in the figure) in which the pressure receiving portion 4 simultaneously deforms the column material 2 and the ring material 3; 3) The third deformation process (“deformation process C” in the figure) in which deformation of the buffer structure 1 is regulated by the bulging regulation of the ring material 3 and prevents the bottom of the foot that has landed. 4) The fourth deformation process (“deformation process D” in the figure) in which the load decreases as the foot moves away from the ground and the shape of the buffer structure 1 is to be restored.
- the buffer structure 1 After passing through, it returns to the shape of the buffer structure 1 before deformation.
- the area E1 surrounded by the deformation strokes A, B, C, and D is the energy absorbed by the buffer structure 1
- the area E2 surrounded by the deformation stroke D and the displacement axis is the buffer structure 1. Is energy that could not be absorbed, that is, repulsive energy.
- the buffer structure 1 having a large area E1 has high buffering properties, it is difficult to exhibit resilience and easily bottoms out.
- the buffer structure 1 with the large area E2 is convenient for a bottom-out countermeasure, since the resilience is high, a buffering effect cannot be expected. That is, the buffer structure 1 in which the areas E1 and E2 are expressed in a well-balanced manner is preferable as a shoe part.
- the ring material 3 undergoes a relatively large bulging deformation in the radial direction, the apparent rigidity of the ring material 3 itself is increased, and deformation resistance is generated.
- the deformation resistance of the column material 2 also increases, and the deformation process for displacement depends on the material properties, shape, and dimensions of the column material 2 and the ring material 3. The slope of C changes in a complex manner.
- the buffer structure 1 of the present invention As described above, in the buffering process, the balance between the buffering property (E1) and the timing of suppressing the amount of compressive deformation and increasing the repulsive force are adjusted (see FIG. 17) (adjustment of the shape and inclination of the loops of the deformation processes B and C in FIG. 17), it is possible to achieve both excellent buffering and resilience while preventing bottoming.
- the primary buffering process and the secondary buffering process can be further provided with a multistage buffering property by changing the configuration conditions.
- the column member 2 only needs to be able to be deformed and restored at least along the pressure-receiving direction in which a load acts, and is not particularly limited as a material.
- a material for example, rubber, gel, and foams thereof can be exemplified, and among these, particularly light weight From the viewpoints of properties and buffering properties, a foam is more preferable.
- the foam include thermoplastic resins such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), thermosetting resins such as polyurethane, and rubber materials such as butadiene rubber and chloroprene rubber.
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
- thermosetting resins such as polyurethane
- rubber materials such as butadiene rubber and chloroprene rubber.
- the column member 2 In the case where the column member 2 is formed of a foam, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1B and 1D, the column member 2 has its internal foaming space crushed almost as it is due to a compressive load during pressure reception. Because of this behavior, deformation in the expansion direction substantially perpendicular to the pressure receiving direction (this is referred to as bulging deformation) is extremely small or hardly occurs. That is, when the column material 2 is a foam, the column material 2 is subjected to compression deformation as it is so as to substantially reduce the volume by pressure reception. On the other hand, when the column member 2 is formed of a solid body such as rubber or gel, the column member 2 is compressed and deformed during pressure reception, as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (c), for example. Along with this, bulging deformation is also likely to occur in a direction (lateral direction) substantially orthogonal to the pressure receiving direction, and the deformation behavior causes bulging deformation so as to keep the volume constant.
- bulging deformation is also likely to occur
- each of the drawings shown in FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (d) is a skeletal view from the first-stage buffering (primary buffering process) to the second-stage buffering (secondary buffering process). It is. That is, the primary buffer stroke shows a deformation stage (compression deformation) in which only the column member 2 is reduced in height by the pressure-receiving load, and the secondary buffer stroke is performed after the compression deformation of only the column member 2 proceeds. Both the column member 2 and the ring member 3 show a deformation stage (compression deformation) in which the height dimension is reduced.
- the side part of the column member 2 formed of foam is subjected to the bulging deformation of the ring member 3 (here, assumed to be a solid body), and the inner side
- the column material 2 is assumed to have a columnar shape (a shape obtained by obliquely cutting a column or a column), but the shape of the column material 2 is not necessarily limited to a columnar shape. Absent.
- the ring material 3 is formed to be smaller than the height dimension (length dimension) of the column member 2 in an initial state (no load state) in which no load is applied. It is inserted in. As described above, the ring member 3 also compresses itself as the pressure is received and acts as a buffer. However, the ring member 3 also has a function of regulating the deformation of the column member 2 located inside the ring member 3, particularly the bulging deformation. It is what you bear. As the material of the ring material 3, various rubber materials, gel materials, or foams thereof can be applied, but the regulation force for limiting the deformation of the column material 2 changes as well as its own buffering action depending on its hardness and the like. To do.
- the ring material 3 that has been externally fitted to the column material 2 is not removed once, that is, if the ring material 3 is not replaced (assuming that it cannot be replaced), the ring material 3 is used as the column material. 2 can be adhered and fixed.
- the inner diameter of the ring member 3 is set to the outer diameter of the pillar member 2 within the range in which the multistage cushioning effect of the present invention can be exhibited.
- the multistage shock absorbing property can be adjusted by a combination of the inner diameter of the ring member 3 and the outer diameter of the column member 2.
- the inner diameter of the ring material 3 is made smaller than the outer diameter of the column material 2 (to say “squeeze fit”), and the ring material 3 is utilized using its own tightening force when the ring material 3 is fitted to the column material 2. May be firmly held by the column member 2.
- This state is a state in which a stress bias is applied to both the ring member 3 and the column member 2, and this state can be adjusted as appropriate depending on, for example, the inner diameter of the ring member 3, thereby obtaining various buffer characteristics. be able to.
- the inner diameter of the ring material 3 is made larger than the outer diameter of the column material 2, a multistage shock absorbing performance corresponding to the gap state is obtained between the inner peripheral surface of the ring material 3 and the outer peripheral surface of the column material 2. It is done.
- the inner diameter of the ring member 3 and the outer diameter of the column member 2 may be the same.
- the ring material 3 freely changeable, for example, depending on changes in foot condition over time due to long-time running or walking such as a long-distance marathon, buffering, resilience, pronation characteristics, etc. Performance can be adjusted on the fly.
- the user selects a ring material 3 that suits his / her preference and enjoys a unique arrangement (a sense of enjoying fashion), a fun to find out the user's unique multistage buffer characteristics, etc. Can also be provided to the user.
- the pressure receiving part 4 is a part that transmits a load (load) at the time of pressure receiving to the pillar material 2 and the ring material 3, and can be provided as a member completely different from the sole S 1 such as a midsole or an outer sole in the shoe S.
- a part of the sole S1 can be used as the pressure receiving portion 4.
- the pressure receiving portion 4 is formed as a part of the sole S1
- the material is naturally the same as the sole S1
- the pressure receiving portion 4 is formed as a member that is completely different from the sole S1. Even if it exists, it is possible to apply the same material as the sole S1.
- a resin material harder than the sole S1 can be applied.
- a clearance C is formed between the ring material 3 and the pressure receiving portion 4 in an initial state where no load is applied, and a compressive load is applied.
- a compressive load is applied (at the time of pressure reception)
- the material 3 causes compression deformation.
- the ring material 3 is not compressed and deformed as soon as an impulsive compressive load is applied.
- the clearance C exists, and accordingly, the ring material 3 waits until compression deformation starts. It will be in the state.
- the deformation standby area of the ring material 3 is used as the action standby part 5, and the clearance C becomes the action standby part 5 in this embodiment.
- the presence of such an action standby portion 5 (here, clearance C) exhibits a multistage buffer action that sequentially deforms from the pillar material 2 to the ring material 3.
- the operation standby unit 5 is not necessarily limited to the clearance C provided between the ring material 3 and the pressure receiving unit 4, and the operation standby unit 5 other than the clearance C will be described later.
- the essence of the action standby unit 5 is that a two-stage buffering action (multistage buffering action) is caused by causing a time difference in the deformation start timing in the height direction between the column member 2 and the ring member 3, and the ring member 3 Since there is an oblique buffering action due to the fact that the pressure receiving part 4 is not bonded and fixed, the embodiment is not limited to the aspect in which the clearance C is provided unless these two actions are impaired. That is, even if the clearance C does not exist, it is possible to form the operation standby portion 5, in other words, to provide a time difference in the compression deformation of the column member 2 and the ring member 3, which will be described below.
- the contact tip of the ring material 3 with the pressure receiving part 4 (here, the upper pressure receiving part 4U) is formed in an acute angle on the entire circumference.
- part is mentioned (Because it is contacting, it does not exist as clearance C).
- the inner column member 2 is not only compressed and deformed, but the outer ring member 3 is also almost at the same height (length dimension). It is deformed (compressed deformation) so as to make it smaller.
- the deformation (compression deformation) of the ring material 3 in this primary buffering process is that the meat (material) of the ring material 3 that should originally undergo bulging deformation has moved to fill the unsatisfied space NS.
- the secondary buffer stroke is illustrated, that is, the unsatisfied space NS is almost filled with the ring material 3 (material). Thereafter, the ring material 3 is drawn so as to bulge and deform.
- the ring material 3 is formed of a foam
- a stepwise buffering action occurs although not as remarkable as when the ring material 3 is formed of a solid body. That is, when the unsatisfied space NS exists, it functions as a primary buffering process until it is filled or until the ring material 3 bulges and deforms.
- the action standby unit 5 is not necessarily limited to the clearance C. If the unsatisfied space NS is formed in the initial state, the unsatisfied space NS can be the action standby unit 5. It is.
- the effective action height at which the ring material 3 undergoes substantial deformation is This is a height dimension excluding “(the initial state) maximum height” from “the length dimension of the action standby portion 5 (until the unfilled space NS is filled or the ring material 3 bulges and deforms)”.
- the clearance C is formed as the operation standby portion 5 between the ring material 3 and the pressure receiving portion 4 (upper pressure receiving portion 4U).
- the working height (effective working height of the ring material 3) matches the height dimension of the ring material 3 in the initial state, and the “height dimension of the column material 2” is subtracted from the “length dimension of the clearance C”. It becomes a dimension.
- the recesses 52 themselves are formed in the unsatisfied space NS.
- the part (the upper end edge of the ring material 3) in which the dent 52 is not formed is brought into contact with the upper pressure receiving part 4U.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 (d) is a form in which concentric corrugated irregularities 53 along the circumferential direction are formed on the upper end edge of the ring member 3 in multiple layers.
- the unsatisfied space NS can be formed. That is, in this case, the top portion (the highest portion) of the corrugated unevenness 53 comes into contact with the upper pressure receiving portion 4U, and other non-contact portions (spaces formed between individual waves) are not yet formed. It becomes the sufficiency space NS (action standby section 5).
- the waveform unevenness 53 may be formed so as to be higher as it goes to the outer peripheral side of the ring member 3 as shown in FIG.
- the upper end edge of the ring material 3 on which the corrugated unevenness 53 is formed has a difference in height, and has an inclined shape (so-called “mortar shape”) in which the inside is low and the outside is high. Is formed.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 (f) is a form in which the corrugated irregularities 53 on the upper edge of the ring material 3 are formed so as to swell (up and down) along the circumferential direction (not concentric). .
- the uneven shape in this case does not necessarily have a waveform.
- the upper edge of the ring material 3 is cut into a plurality of semicircular shapes when viewed from the radial direction (here Can be made substantially the same state as the waveform irregularities 53 shown in FIG. 2 (f).
- the unsatisfied space NS as the action standby part 5 is described as being formed exclusively in the ring material 3, but such an action standby part 5 is not only the ring material 3 but also the pressure receiving part 4 or It is also possible to provide the column material 2 or the like. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3A, for example, a plurality of protrusions 55 that are in partial contact with the ring material 3 can be provided on substantially the entire periphery of the lower end edge of the upper pressure receiving portion 4U.
- the partial contact region with the upper pressure receiving part 4U is not necessarily provided as shown in FIG.
- the ring member 3 need not be formed over the entire circumference of the ring member 3.
- a ring member 3 can be formed by obliquely cutting a short cylindrical member. That is, in this case, only the uppermost end portion of the ring member 3 is in contact with the upper pressure receiving portion 4U in the initial state, and the non-contact portion becomes the unsatisfied space NS (action standby portion 5).
- the thickness in the radial direction of the ring member 3 in this case may not be constant over the entire circumference as shown in FIG. 3C, for example.
- the column member 2 is eccentric with respect to the ring member 3. It is provided in a state where both axes do not match.
- the multi-stage buffering in the buffer structure 1 of the present invention is one of the major features of the deformation behavior in which the column material 2 first compresses and deforms and then the ring material 3 compresses and deforms during pressure reception. That is, there is a time difference (time lag) from the compression deformation of the column material 2, and the ring material 3 is compressed and deformed.
- time lag time difference
- the ratio as a specific numerical value that is, the ratio of the “effective height dimension of the ring member 3” to the “height dimension of the column member 2” is preferably 0.2 to 0.95, and more preferably 0. 5 to 0.85 is more preferable.
- the height of the column 2 is also written in parentheses as “(effective action height)” because the member in which the unsatisfied space NS as the action standby part 5 is formed as described above is not necessarily This is because the material is not limited to the ring material 3.
- the height ratio is less than 0.2 (lower limit)
- good multistage buffer deformation cannot be realized, and further, the strength support action of the column member 2 by the ring member 3 is reduced, so the load flexibility of the column member 2 is reduced.
- the column material 2 is likely to buckle when receiving pressure), and stability during running and walking decreases.
- the height ratio exceeds 0.95 (upper limit)
- the distance between the pressure receiving portion 4 and the ring material 3 is too short (for example, the clearance C that is the operation standby portion 5 is too small), and effective multistage buffering is performed. Deformation is impaired.
- the raw material (combination) of the column material 2 and the pressure receiving part 4 is appropriately selected according to the purpose, and these may be formed of the same material or different materials. I do not care.
- the column member 2 and the pressure receiving portion 4 when the column member 2 and the pressure receiving portion 4 are formed as separate members, they can be bonded after formation.
- productivity can be improved, and the possibility of peeling when these are formed and bonded as separate members can be eliminated. Yes (to ensure adhesive strength).
- multicolor injection molding etc. can be applied, and also it is suitable also when these are integrated with sole S1.
- the combination of the material of the pillar material 2 and the ring material 3 is in the order of the pillar material 2 / ring material 3, as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (d), for example.
- / Solid, solid / foam, and foam / foam can be combined, and each combination has different multi-stage deformation characteristics (deformation behavior), and can be selected appropriately according to the desired buffer performance.
- deformation behavior buffering property
- the column material 2 bulges in the radial direction (bulging deformation) with compression deformation at the time of pressure reception, and the ring material 3 acts to suppress it.
- the buffer structure 1 of the present combination exhibits a relatively high elastic multi-stage buffering property.
- FIG. 1 (b) In the case of foam / solid: FIG. 1 (b)
- the column material 2 is easily crushed in the pressure-receiving direction and is easily contracted in volume at the time of pressure reception, so that the bulging deformation of the column material 2 becomes smaller than that in FIG. Therefore, the repulsive switching due to the deformation of the ring material 3 becomes more significant than in FIG.
- it is a combination suitable for a design that exhibits a soft cushioning property at the initial stage of pressure reception, gradually increases the resilience, and achieves both a cushioning property and a resilience.
- the sole S1 is often formed of a foam, this combination is suitable even when the column member 2 is desired to be integrated with the sole S1, and contributes to the weight reduction of the shoe S.
- FIG. 1 (c) In the case of solid / foam: FIG. 1 (c) In this combination, the column material 2 bulges and deforms when receiving pressure, but since the ring material 3 is a foam, the suppression effect of the ring material 3 on the column material 2 is reduced, and the ring material 3 itself is compressed. The deformation repulsive force is also reduced. For this reason, this combination is a combination suitable when it is desired to design a multistage buffer effect small.
- FIG. 1 (d) In the case of foam / foam: FIG. 1 (d)
- the buffer structure 1 is a combination suitable for the case where it is desired to design the multistage buffer performance as 1 smaller than that in FIG.
- the resilience exerted by the buffer structure 1 after absorbing the impact (after compression) may not be expected so much, but the weight and impact such as the approximate center of the sole of the sole S1. It is a combination suitable for the case where it is provided in a part where the amount of the film is not so much.
- the shock absorbing structure 1 is provided on the entire sole, the user will have sufficient satisfaction and fullness.
- the user when purchasing a shoe S, the user often touches such a cushioning structure 1, especially the ring material 3 with hands or fingers (see FIG. 1), and only the functionally necessary parts are cushioned. Even if it is only necessary to provide 1, a product in which the buffer structure 1 is provided on the entire sole is more likely to stimulate the user's willingness to purchase.
- the column material 2 preferably has an Asker C hardness of 30 to 100 or a JIS A hardness of 40 to 120, and the ring material 3 preferably has a hardness of JIS A hardness of 30 or less. Thus, it is desirable to appropriately adjust the multistage buffer performance of the buffer structure 1.
- the hardness of the ring material 3 influences the multistage buffering behavior due to the cooperation of the ease of compressive deformation of the ring material 3 itself and the restricting action of the bulging deformation of the column material 2 at the time of pressure reception. If the column material 2 is the same, the cushioning performance is higher as the hardness of the ring material 3 is smaller (softer), but the resilience tends to decrease, and conversely, as the hardness of the ring material 3 is larger (harder), Although the multi-stage buffering property becomes low, the resilience tends to increase. However, if the hardness of the ring material 3 is less than the lower limit value, the resilience of the shoe S as a whole may be significantly reduced, and running or walking stability may not be obtained. On the other hand, when the hardness of the ring material 3 is more than the upper limit (hard assumption), the resilience can be secured, but the buffering property may be lowered, so the hardness range is set.
- the deformation behavior of the buffer structure 1 according to the present invention is an aspect in which, after the column material 2 first undergoes compression deformation, the ring material 3 undergoes compression deformation with a time lag.
- the deformation behavior of 1 is not necessarily limited to two stages, and multistage buffering of three or more stages is possible, and various other buffering performances can be obtained.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 4A is a form capable of exhibiting a three-stage buffering performance
- the structure is a structure in which the ring material 3 having different heights is double-fitted with respect to the column material 2.
- the properties of the double ring material 3 may be the same or different.
- symbol 3I in a figure shows an inner side ring material
- symbol 3O in a figure shows an outer side ring material.
- the primary buffering stroke is compression deformation of only the column member 2, and if the column member 2 is formed of a foam, it is assumed that it hardly bulges and deforms, and this figure is illustrated based on this assumption.
- the secondary buffer stroke is a composite stroke in which the deformation (compression and bulging) of the inner ring material 3I is added to the compressive deformation of the column material 2. If the inner ring material 3I is a solid body, the secondary buffer stroke is expanded along with the compression deformation.
- the deformation (compression and bulging) of the outer ring material 3O is further added to the compression deformation of the column material 2 and the deformation (compression and bulging) of the inner ring material 3I, and this stage becomes the tertiary buffering process.
- this stage becomes the tertiary buffering process.
- deformation (compression and bulging) of the outer ring material 3O is added, so that it is more difficult to be crushed than the secondary buffering stroke (lowering of buffering properties), and further than the secondary buffering step. Increases resilience.
- the multi-stage cushioning performance is obtained by fitting the ring member 3 to the column member 2 in a multiple manner.
- the height dimension of the inner side ring material 3I was formed higher than the outer side ring material 3O in this figure, it is not necessarily limited to this, The inner side ring material 3I may be formed higher, Of course, in that case, the buffering performance is obtained by performing a deformation behavior different from the above.
- FIG. 4B shows a shape in which the cross-sectional size of the pillar material 2 is not constant, that is, a form in which the cross-sectional size changes in the pressure receiving direction.
- the upper side of the pillar material 2 has a truncated cone shape.
- the lower side is shown in a cylindrical shape.
- the primary buffering process is a stage in which only the truncated cone part at the upper part of the column member 2 is deformed (compression deformation), and if the column member 2 is formed of a foam, it is assumed that it hardly bulges and deforms. This figure is based on this assumption.
- the secondary buffer stroke is a stage in which the column material 2 (cylindrical portion) after the primary buffer stroke is compressed and deformed until it becomes almost the same height as the ring material 3, and this secondary buffer stroke is also the primary buffer stroke. It becomes harder to be crushed and the resilience is greater. This is because, in the secondary buffer stroke, the cross-sectional area of the column material 2 to be compressed is larger, or the column material 2 itself gradually approaches the crushing limit (compression limit). Also, based on such a concept, in the case shown in FIG. 4B, the difficulty of crushing gradually increases even in the primary buffer stroke.
- the tertiary buffer stroke is a composite stroke in which the deformation (compression or bulging) of the ring material 3 is added to the compression deformation of the column material 2 (cylindrical portion). If the ring material 3 is solid, It is assumed that bulging deformation also occurs (or is likely to occur) with compression deformation, and this drawing is illustrated based on this assumption. Of course, the difficulty of crushing is much higher than the primary buffering process and the secondary buffering process, and repulsion occurs rapidly in this tertiary buffering process.
- Example shown in FIG.4 (c) is the form which fitted and attached so that the ring material 3 from which a property differs may be connected in series in an up-down direction.
- reference numeral 3U in the figure is a ring material fitted on the upper side
- reference numeral 3D in the figure is a ring material fitted on the lower side.
- the clearance C is divided and provided in several places, various aspects are possible as how to take the clearance C.
- illustration of the multistage buffer deformation in the buffer structure 1 of the present embodiment is omitted, the primary buffer process is performed by compressing deformation in the clearance C interval dimension (sum), and only the column member 2 is compressed.
- the secondary buffer stroke is a composite stroke in which the deformation (compression or bulging) of the ring material 3 is added to the compression deformation of the column material 2.
- the ring material 3 that is soft in nature and easy to bulge For example, the upper ring material 3U
- the ring material 3 that is soft in nature and easy to bulge For example, the upper ring material 3U
- the ring material 3 that is more likely to bulge for example, the upper ring material 3U
- the height (effective working height) of the ring material 3 is basically constant over the entire circumference, but the height dimension of the ring material 3 is not necessarily constant over the entire circumference. Need not be, and can be partially different.
- the upper and lower edges of the ring material 3 having a short cylindrical shape are inclined, and the ring material 3 is formed to have a tapered shape in a side view.
- the lower one (the shorter one as the length dimension) of the ring material 3 is shown on the right side, and the higher one (the longer one as the length dimension) is shown on the left side.
- the primary buffering process in the present embodiment is performed only on the column member 2 until the upper and lower pressure receiving portions 4U and 4D come into contact with the ring member 3 (the one with the higher working height).
- the secondary buffer stroke is a composite stroke in which the deformation (compression and bulging) of the ring material 3 is added to the compression deformation of the column material 2, and if the ring material 3 is a solid body, it accompanies the compression deformation.
- the ring material 3 is originally tapered in a side view, and the higher height dimension is less likely to deform (more difficult to compress and bulge) than the lower one.
- the pressure receiving portions 4 are not parallel to each other, and fall down in the lower height dimension as shown in the figure.
- a cushioning structure 1 (a cushioning structure 1 that tilts while exhibiting a buffering action when receiving pressure) is provided in the shoe S, for example, during the period from the landing action of the foot to the kicking action. It is possible to control the direction in which the wearer's foot falls while absorbing the shock applied to (shoe S).
- a person's foot usually has a function called “pronation” that relieves the impact when the ankle falls inward when it receives an impact when landing.
- this collapse becomes too large due to constitution or fatigue, it will be “overpronation” and cause a knee or lower back failure.
- the buffer structure 1 can not only simply absorb and relieve the applied impact but also have an action of guiding in a specific direction.
- the lower end edge of the ring material 3 is formed in a substantially horizontal state, and only the upper end edge is inclined, so that the ring material has a gradient shape in a side view. 3 is formed.
- the primary buffer stroke is a stage in which only the column member 2 undergoes compressive deformation until the upper pressure receiving portion 4U comes into contact with the tip of the ring member 3. If the column member 2 is formed of a foam, it hardly bulges and deforms.
- the secondary buffer stroke is a composite stroke in which the deformation (compression or bulging) of the ring material 3 is added to the compression deformation of the column material 2.
- the ring material 3 is formed of a solid body, the bulging deformation is performed. It is something that wakes up (easy to wake up). For this reason, in the secondary buffering stroke, the upper pressure receiving portion 4U falls into the lower height of the ring member 3 in the same manner as described above, and prevents, for example, the wearer's foot from being overpronated. It is something that can be done.
- the ring material 3 In forming the ring material 3 in a side view gradient shape, the ring material 3 can be formed by inclining only the lower end edge of the ring material 3, and the same effect can be obtained.
- the height dimension of the ring material 3 is not limited to the form which inclines the upper end edge and lower end edge of the ring material 3,
- a ring It is possible to partially reduce the height dimension of the ring material 3 by partially cutting out the upper edge and the lower edge of the material 3 (this is referred to as a notch 31).
- the upper and lower cutouts 31 are provided so as to be positioned substantially on a straight line.
- the upper pressure-receiving portion 4U is of a height dimension in the secondary buffer stroke. Deforms to fall into a lower part.
- the upper and lower cutouts 31 formed in the ring material 3 can be formed with a slight shift in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. 5D, for example.
- the pressure receiving portion 4 It is considered that a torsional action is also applied to the upper and lower pressure receiving portions 4 simultaneously with the tilting operation of. That is, the buffer structure 1 in this case can be guided in a specific direction by tilting and twisting the foot when absorbing the shock.
- the ring material 3 does not have to be constant in the entire circumference with respect to the radial thickness.
- the column material 2 is provided in an eccentric state with respect to the ring material 3, It is possible to vary the thickness of the material 3 in the radial direction. In this case, as shown in FIG. 5 (e), if the height of the ring member 3 is constant over the entire circumference, the pressure receiving part 4 has a smaller thickness (thinner) of the ring member 3 when receiving pressure. Fall down (easily fall down) and have the same induction action as above. If the ring member 3 is not bonded and fixed to the column member 2, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the user freely rotates the ring member 3 so that the tilt direction (load guiding direction) is appropriately set. It can be set and the user can be provided with the pleasure of finding unique buffering properties. Incidentally, such a concept is widely applicable when the ring member 3 is not fixed to the column member 2 and the tilting direction and the load guiding direction can be changed depending on the fitting position of the ring member 3.
- a concave ring bulging space AS can be formed in the pillar member 2 at a contact portion with the ring member 3.
- This ring bulge space AS functions as a deformation space when the ring material 3 undergoes bulge deformation at the time of pressure reception, as shown in the secondary buffer stroke depicted in FIG. Therefore, the ring material 3 is easily bulged and deformed, and the buffering property (shock absorbing property) as the buffer structure 1 can be improved.
- FIG. 6 (a) the inner peripheral surface (ring bulging space AS side) of the ring member 3 bulging in the secondary buffering stroke is illustrated so as to enter the inner part of the ring bulging space AS.
- the ring bulge space AS is not necessarily provided in the column material 2 but can be provided in the ring material 3 as shown in FIG. 6B, for example.
- the ring bulging space AS functions as a deformation space of the ring member 3 at the time of pressure reception, and improves the buffering property, particularly the shock absorbing property, as the buffer structure 1.
- the ring bulging space AS formed in the ring material 3 gradually shrinks with the progress of pressure reception.
- the form which provides the ring swelling space AS in the pillar material 2 or the ring material 3 is a form which forms a cavity in a mutual contact part and reduces both contact areas, the pillar material 2 by the ring material 3 Regulatory power is somewhat reduced. Further, the column material 2 is easily deformed at the time of receiving pressure.
- FIG. 7A shows a form in which the bulge restricting portion ER is formed on one of the outer sides of the buffer structure 1 like a standing wall.
- the ring material 3 naturally bulges greatly in the direction without a wall, especially in the secondary buffer stroke. That is, the bulge deformation is largely bulged and deformed at the portion where the bulge restriction portion ER does not exist, because the bulge deformation is restricted by the bulge restriction portion ER.
- FIG. 7B shows a form in which the bulge restricting portion ER is formed in a ring shape (ring shape) at the upper portion of the buffer structure 1, which is installed on the sole of the shoe S. Is assumed. For this reason, the upper pressure receiving portion 4U is formed integrally with the sole S1, and the hatched portion in the figure is the bulge restricting portion ER, which is also formed integrally with the sole S1 or embedded. It is. In this case, as shown in FIG. 7 (b), especially in the secondary buffer stroke, the ring material 3 is closely attached to the bulge restricting portion ER on the upper side. It swells greatly on the lower side that does not exist.
- FIG. 7C shows a form in which the bulge restricting portion ER is directly fitted on the outside of the ring member 3, and for example, a case where a hard metal ring is applied as the bulge restricting portion ER is assumed. .
- the deformation state of the ring member 3, that is, the buffering performance of the buffer structure 1 is different depending on the position where the bulge restricting portion ER is provided.
- the bulge regulating portion ER can appropriately set the material, shape, installation location, number of installations, etc. depending on how the ring material 3 is to be deformed and regulated at the time of pressure reception (by the intended control). It is.
- the buffer performance of the buffer structure 1 can be controlled by controlling the deformation of the column member 2 and the ring member 3 during pressure reception.
- the pillar material 2 (or the ring material 3) is basically formed of one kind of material, but the present invention is not necessarily limited to this.
- the present invention is not necessarily limited to this.
- FIG. 8A it is possible to form one column member 2 with materials having different properties at the upper part and the lower part thereof and to vary the hardness (repulsive force) and the like.
- the deformation of the column material 2 at the time of pressure reception particularly the bulging deformation when the column material 2 is formed as a solid body, is different between the upper part and the lower part although it is the same column material 2, and specifically, The lower the hardness, the easier it is to bulge and deform, and the degree of bulge becomes larger.
- the deformation of the column member 2 at the time of pressure reception is different on the left and right of the column member 2 even though it is the same column member 2, and therefore the upper pressure receiving portion 4U tilts toward the semi-cylinder side having a low hardness (soft). Accordingly, the degree of swelling on the semi-cylindrical side having a low hardness is increased accordingly.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 8C is a form in which the properties such as hardness are different between the upper part and the lower part of one ring member 3. Also in this case, the regulating force of the column material 2 by the ring material 3 is different vertically, and the deformation of the ring material 3 itself at the time of pressure reception, especially the bulging deformation when the ring material 3 is formed of a solid body is different vertically. It is. Further, the embodiment shown in FIG.
- 8D is a form in which only one inner side (inner peripheral side) of the lower part of the ring material 3 is heterogeneous, and also in this case, the regulating force of the column material 2 by the ring material 3 Are different from each other in the vertical direction, and the deformation (bulging deformation) of the ring material 3 itself at the time of pressure reception is also different in the vertical direction. Even if one ring material 3 is formed of the same material, it is possible to make the properties partially different. For example, as shown in FIG. If a large number of holes 32 are opened, even the same ring material 3 can partially have different properties.
- the properties such as hardness are made different in the same column material 2 or ring material 3, it is possible to make them different in three or more stages.
- the upper and lower portions of one pillar 2 are formed of the same property material (for example, low hardness), and the middle portion is formed of a material having a different property (for example, high hardness).
- the properties of the ring material 3 are not changed.
- the upper and lower portions of one ring material 3 are formed of a material having the same property (for example, high hardness)
- the middle portion is formed of a material having a different property (for example, low hardness).
- FIG. 8G the properties of the column member 2 are not changed.
- the column material 2 and the ring material 3 may have different properties such as hardness.
- the smudges attached to the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 8 (h) to 8 (j) indicate the same property material (hardness, etc.).
- the column member 2 and the ring member 3 are basically formed in a straight shape in the height direction, that is, having the same cross-sectional shape and cross-sectional size in the vertical direction.
- the present invention is not necessarily limited to this.
- a configuration in which a ring material 3 that is narrowed upward is attached to a columnar column material 2 is possible.
- the thickness of the ring material 3 in the radial direction increases toward the lower side, the lower part is less likely to be deformed during pressure reception (particularly bulging deformation), and the lower the ring material 3 is, the lower the buffering property is.
- FIG. 9A a configuration in which a ring material 3 that is narrowed upward is attached to a columnar column material 2 is possible.
- the thickness of the ring material 3 in the radial direction increases toward the lower side, the lower part is less likely to be deformed during pressure reception (particularly bulging deformation), and the lower the ring material 3 is, the lower the buffering property is.
- 9B is a form in which the column member 2 has a conical truncated conical shape, and a ring member 3 having a substantially constant radial thickness is fitted around it.
- the ring material 3 since the thickness of the ring material 3 is substantially constant, the ring material 3 itself is easily deformable (in other words, not easily changed). Therefore, the lower part is more easily deformed (especially more easily bulged and deformed) when receiving pressure.
- the cross-sectional size (diameter dimension) of the ring member 3 may be changed stepwise, thereby realizing more various multistage shock absorbing performances.
- the Example shown in FIG.9 (d) is the buffer structure 1 formed helically, changing the cross-sectional size (diameter dimension) of the ring material 3 in steps in a height direction. In this case, a twisting action is added as the ring material 3 expands and contracts in the vertical direction. For example, when a user who has excessive or internal abduction wrinkles during traveling wants to correct the wrinkles, etc. Useful.
- the upper and lower pressure receiving portions 4 are formed in a separated or independent state, but the present invention is not necessarily limited to this.
- the pressure receiving portions 4 it is possible to connect the pressure receiving portions 4 to function as plate springs.
- the elasticity of the upper and lower pressure receiving parts 4 that function as leaf springs is added. It shows multistage buffer characteristics.
- the pressure receiving part 4 is formed of a member different from the sole S1, for example, a completely different hard resin material.
- a polyether block amide copolymer for example, Pebax (registered trademark)
- Pebax registered trademark
- FIG. 11A is a form in which one ring material 3 is fitted to the outside of the plurality of column members 2, and as a fitting mode of the ring material 3, for example, as shown in FIG. 11B.
- various multistage buffering properties and load inductivity can be expressed by changing the fitting pattern of the ring material 3. It can be done. Further, if the column materials 2 and the ring materials 3 have different hardnesses, thicknesses (shapes) and the like, various buffering properties can be expressed. Note that the plurality of column members 2 shown in FIG. 11 may be formed of the same material or different materials. Incidentally, as shown in FIG. 11 (b), when one ring member 3 is fitted to each pillar member 2, as shown in the side sectional view of FIG. Since the body 1 (ring material 3) can interfere with each other, it is possible to obtain various buffering properties by this interference. Of course, the ring members 3 interfere with each other during pressure reception even in the case shown in FIG. 11C.
- each pillar material 2 is formed of a hard resin material.
- a polyether block amide copolymer for example, Pebax (registered trademark)
- Pebax registered trademark
- the column member 2 is basically formed of a single member (although it was not formed by combining a plurality of parts), but the present invention is not necessarily limited to this. Instead, it is possible to form the column member 2 with a plurality of members (composite structure) and to move and deform it when receiving pressure.
- the column member 2 is divided into two parts in the vertical direction, and these are fitted in a nested configuration.
- the upper part of the two divided pillar members 2 is the upper pillar member 2U
- the lower part is the lower pillar member 2D.
- the upper pillar member 2U is the outside, and the lower pillar member 2D.
- the fitting is located on the inside.
- the upper column member 2U is configured so as to be always movable integrally by, for example, being integrally formed with the upper pressure receiving portion 4U from the beginning, and the lower column member 2D. Is also configured to move integrally with the lower pressure receiving portion 4D.
- the ring material 3 is not in contact with the lower pressure receiving portion 4D in the initial state, that is, a clearance C is formed between the ring material 3 and the lower pressure receiving portion 4D.
- air is sealed in the fitting space between the upper column member 2U and the lower column member 2D, and when both approach, the air in the internal space is compressed and air damper (air spring) action is exerted. Shall occur. Further, it is assumed that the lower column member 2D does not come off (drop off) from the upper column member 2U in the initial state.
- the upper columnar material 2U and the lower columnar material 2D are relatively close to each other by the clearance C due to the pressure-receiving load (the buffer structure 1 is compressed). Yes, only the damper action between the upper pillar 2U and the lower pillar 2D functions as a buffering action. Moreover, since this primary buffering process is a stage until the ring material 3 touches the lower pressure receiving part 4D, the ring material 3 is not affected by the pressure receiving load. In the secondary buffering stroke, the compression deformation of the ring material 3 is added to the damper action of the upper columnar material 2U and the lower columnar material 2D, and as this is added, the buffer structure 1 is crushed more than the primary buffering stroke.
- the ring material 3 is assumed to be a solid body (which bulges and deforms as it is compressed). Incidentally, in the present embodiment, it has been described that air is enclosed in the fitting space between the upper column member 2U and the lower column member 2D, but it is also possible to enclose liquid or the like instead of air.
- the sole S1 is formed so as to be separated in the vertical direction so that the ring material 3 can be accommodated therebetween, and the upper pressure-receiving portion 4U and the upper column material are disposed on the upper sole S1.
- 2U is formed integrally, and the lower pressure receiving portion 4D and the lower column member 2D are integrally provided on the lower sole S1.
- the downward pressure column 21 (which constitutes a part of the column member 2, particularly this is the upper column 21 ⁇ / b> U) is formed in the upper pressure receiving portion 4 ⁇ / b> U.
- the casing 22 (this is particularly referred to as the upper casing 22U) is continuously formed so as to protrude from the lower end portion to the outer peripheral side, and the upper pressure receiving portion 4U, the upper column 21U, and the upper casing 22U are connected to each other.
- the upper part is 10U.
- an upward column 21 (which also forms part of the column 2 and particularly the lower column 21D) is formed so as to protrude from the upper end to the outer peripheral side.
- the housing 22 (this is particularly the lower housing 22D) is continuously formed, and the lower pressure receiving portion 4D, the lower column 21D, and the lower housing 22D are collectively referred to as a lower part 10D.
- the column bodies 21 and the casings 22 of the upper and lower parts 10U and 10D are alternately formed by the upper and lower parts 10U and 10D. That is, the column 21 is in a state where the upper part 10U and the lower part 10D are completely compressed (the closest state), and the lower column 21D is accommodated (engaged with each other) between the upper columns 21U, and the upper and lower columns
- the bodies 21U and 21D have a three-dimensional cylindrical appearance.
- the upper and lower housings 22U and 22D are in an initial state where no load is applied.
- the lower housing 22D is positioned between the upper housings 22U, and the upper and lower housings 22U and 22D have a single disk shape projecting in the outer circumferential direction. Configured to present.
- the upper and lower pressure receiving portions 4U and 4D are provided with column bodies 21U and 21D and housings 22U and 22D. It is visually observed so as to form a continuous hook shape, and it is difficult to understand that these form the three-dimensional column member 2 and the casing 22.
- casing 22 is formed in the inside center part of the ring material 3 in the shape of a boring shape over the perimeter with such a structure.
- the ring member 3 is not in contact with the lower pressure receiving portion 4D in the initial state and has a clearance C.
- the upper column 21U (upper part 10U) and the lower column 21D (lower part 10D) are separated by the clearance C by the pressure-receiving load. Are relatively close to each other (the buffer structure 1 is compressed).
- the upper housing 22U of the upper part 10U presses the ring material 3 downward
- the lower housing 22D of the lower part 10D presses the ring material 3 upward.
- forces acting alternately in the vertical direction force that shears vertically: shearing force
- the upper and lower housings 22U and 22D are slightly bulged and deformed by the forces of pressing in opposite directions, and this figure is based on this assumption. Are shown.
- the upper and lower pressure receiving portions 4 press the ring material 3 in addition to the above-described pressing by the upper and lower housings 22U and 22D, and compression deformation due to this is applied to the ring material 3.
- the buffer structure 1 is inevitably less crushed than the primary buffering process (decreasing the buffering property).
- the buffer structure 1 has many shaft centers set in the pressure receiving direction, but the present invention is not necessarily limited to this. That is, the major feature of the present invention is the behavior of compressing and deforming the column material 2 and then compressing and deforming the ring material 3 with a time difference, thereby obtaining multistage buffering properties. Therefore, as long as such deformation behavior is adopted, the present invention is encompassed by the present invention even if the axis of the buffer structure 1 is inclined with respect to the pressure receiving direction. Actually, the shoes S at the time of landing or the like often land in an inclined state or a curved state with the toe side slightly upward, and hardly come down straight while maintaining a horizontal state.
- the shock absorbing structure 1 of the present invention has the basic structure as described above.
- a plurality of shock absorbing structures 1 may be incorporated.
- Many such installation examples will be described below.
- a plurality of cushioning structures 1 are not the entire sole, but a thumb ball (base of the thumb), a little finger ball (base of the little finger), a heel part (here, 3 near the heel). It is a form incorporated in the part).
- the weight of the wearer is evenly applied to the three points (triangles) of the thumb ball, the little finger ball, and the heel portion, and the balance during walking is stable even by intensively providing the buffer structure 1 at the site.
- Triangular balance maintenance theory In FIG. 16 (a), the cushion structure 1 is provided in the heel portion more than the thumb ball or the little finger ball because many people land from the heel when landing, and the heel has a large impact. This is because it hangs.
- the installation example shown in FIG. 16B is an example in which the buffer structure 1 is entirely incorporated in the sole, but the buffer structure 1 having different buffering properties is arranged according to the installation site.
- a relatively hard cushioning structure 1 with a relatively low buffering performance and a relatively early rebound is exhibited
- a soft buffer structure 1 having a relatively high buffer performance and a relatively low rebound property
- the broken line is the proper pronation line that prevents over-inversion of the foot when landing.
- a repulsive balance as shown in FIG. It is preferable to arrange a plurality of cushioning structures 1 having different performances to increase the resilience (hardness) of the inner side (IN side) of the foot, and an appropriate pronation line can be realized even in a midfoot strike. Further, when applied to shoes such as tennis and basketball, for example, a plurality of buffer structures 1 having different performances are arranged so as to have a repulsive balance as shown in FIG. It is preferable to increase the resilience (hardness) of the outer side (OUT side), and a movement that quickly turns back in the lateral direction can be realized.
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Abstract
Description
本出願人も、上記のような優れた緩衝性能を有する緩衝素材として、ゲルや低硬度のゴム(軟質素材)を採用した構造の研究を重ね、各種の特許出願を行ってきた(例えば特許文献1~10参照)。
また、緩衝性を高めるため、実質的に緩衝作用を担う緩衝部材を柔らかくすればするほど緩衝性(衝撃吸収性)は向上するが、緩衝部材が柔らか過ぎると緩衝部材が受圧時に圧縮し切ってしまい、底突きを生じたり、底突きしない場合であっても反発性が小さいため、着地からつま先での蹴り出しのプロセスにおいて、足首の過度の旋回や重心の振れ(着地安定性)、更に蹴り出し時の反発力による推進力の低下といった、いわゆる反発性が低下してしまうので、緩衝性と走行や跳躍し易い性能との両立を図る課題もあった。
このようなことから、ユーザに対し軟質素材の存在を極力アピールできるよう、軟質素材を外部に露出させること、特に外周面の大半を最大限外部に露出させることと、高い緩衝性能を発揮しながら走行や跳躍し易い性能も維持できることとを両立する緩衝構造やシューズが追求されてきた。更に、装着者の経時的な足のコンディション(足の浮腫や疲労に伴う走行性や歩行性の変化)に応じて、その場で緩衝性能をカスタマイズできるニーズも高まっている。
しかし、単純に、外部に緩衝素材を露出させればよいというものではない。すなわち、上記特許文献11のように、ミッドソールとアウターソールとの間に、柱状の緩衝素材を上下に固定した場合には、緩衝素材は圧縮変形によって柱が屈曲や傾倒して「ぐらつき」を生じ易くなってしまうため、柱状の部材に硬質の樹脂素材を用いたり、周辺に別のサポート部材を必要とする。このようにすれば、一応、垂直方向の衝撃に対する緩衝性は確保できるが、実際の使用で生じる多くの斜め方向からの衝撃や変形に対する緩衝性を損なってしまう。
仮に、柱状の緩衝部材をより軟質な素材にしたとしても、ミッドソールとアウターソールの間に固定された緩衝素材(軟質素材)は、上下の接合面によって変形が規制(拘束)されてしまうことから、軟質素材特有の高い衝撃吸収性能自体が大きく規制されてしまうことは変わらない(特に変形開始時)。
また上記比率が0.95を越えると、今度はリング材の高さ寸法が大き過ぎて(高過ぎて)、受圧部とリング材との距離が近づき過ぎとなり(クリアランスが小さ過ぎて)、有効な多段緩衝変形が損なわれるものである。
また通常、シューズのソールは発泡体で形成されるため、柱材を発泡体で形成する構成は、柱材をソールと一体化した構造とする場合にも好適であり、シューズの生産性やコストの点でも有利である。もちろん発泡体自体が軽いため、当該構成はシューズの軽量化にも寄与する。
すなわち、一般にリング材と柱材ともに、硬度が低い場合(柔らかい場合)には、衝撃吸収性は増すが、反発性が低下し、場合によっては底突きを起こし、歩行時や走行時の安定性が維持できなくなる。逆に、硬度が高い場合(硬い場合)には、受圧時に変形し難くなり、衝撃吸収性を発現し難くなる。従って、適度な硬度の選択や設定が必要となり、これにより適切な多段緩衝性能を発揮し得るものである。
なお、膨出規制部は、受圧時にリング材をどのように変形させるか等によって、素材、形状、寸法、個数などを適宜設定することが可能である。
S1 ソール
S2 アッパー
1 緩衝構造体
2 柱材
3 リング材
4 受圧部
5 作用待機部
10U 上パーツ
10D 下パーツ
2 柱材
2U 上部柱材
2D 下部柱材
21 柱体
21U 上部柱体
21D 下部柱体
22 鍔体
22U 上部鍔体
22D 下部鍔体
3 リング材
3I 内側リング材
3O 外側リング材
3U 上側リング材
3D 下側リング材
31 切欠き
32 小孔
33 溝
4 受圧部
4U 上側受圧部
4D 下側受圧部
5 作用待機部
C クリアランス
NS 未充足空間
51 突起
52 凹み
53 波形凹凸
54 切欠き
55 突起
AS リング膨出空間
ER 膨出規制部
以下、緩衝構造体1が設けられるシューズSから説明する。
なお、緩衝構造体1をシューズSに設けるにあたっては、緩衝性能を強くアピールする目的や意匠性向上等の観点から緩衝構造体1自体が極力外部から目視できるように設置されることが望まれており、このため上記図1でもソールS1(シューズS)の足裏面のほぼ全外周縁に緩衝構造体1を取り付ける形態を例示している。しかしながら、緩衝構造体1をソールS1に設けるにあたっては、例えばソールS1の内部に緩衝構造体1を収容する受入空間を予め形成しておき(図示略)、ここに緩衝構造体1を収容した後、この受入空間を透過部材(透明部材)で閉塞し、緩衝構造体1を外部から目視できるようにすること等も可能である。
本発明の緩衝構造体1は、衝撃的圧縮荷重が加えられた際(受圧時)、この衝撃を緩衝するのが主目的であるものの、この緩衝が進行する適度な段階で(緩衝素材が底突き現象を起こす前に)、反発力を装着者の足の蹴り出し動作へとスムーズに移行させるようにしたものである(いわゆる反発性)。
このような緩衝構造体1としては、一例として図1(a)~(d)に示すように、柱材2と、この柱材2に嵌設されるリング材3とを主な構成部材として成り、更に柱材2の上下両端に受圧部4が設けられるものである。このため上下の受圧部4U・4Dは、柱材2によって連結された構造となっている。
なお、上記図1(a)~(d)に示す各図は、第一段階目の緩衝(一次緩衝行程)から第二段階目の緩衝(二次緩衝行程)までを骨格的に示した図である。すなわち、一次緩衝行程は、受圧荷重によって柱材2のみが高さ寸法を小さくする変形段階(圧縮変形)を示しており、二次緩衝行程は、柱材2のみの圧縮変形が進行した後、柱材2とリング材3が、ともに高さ寸法を小さくする変形段階(圧縮変形)を示している。
図1の緩衝変形行程は、ランナー(装着者)が地面に足を着地させ、蹴り出すまでに生じる変形行程であり、緩衝構造体1に生じる変形量と力との関係は図17に例示したヒステリシスループとなる。前記ヒステリシスループは、具体的には、下記1)~4)の緩衝構造体1の変形行程からなる。すなわち、
1)足裏が着地し、受圧部4が衝撃的圧縮荷重を受けて柱材2のみが主体的に変形する第1変形行程(図中「変形行程A」)、
2)受圧部4が柱材2とリング材3とを同時に変形させる第2変形行程(図中「変形行程B」)、
3)リング材3の膨出規制によって緩衝構造体1の変形が規制され、着地した足の底突きを防ぐ第3変形行程(図中「変形行程C」)、
4)足が地面から離れるにつれて荷重が小さくなり、緩衝構造体1の形状が復元しようとする第4変形行程(図中「変形行程D」)
を経て、変形前の緩衝構造体1の形状に戻る。
ここで図17において変形行程A、B、C、Dで囲まれる面積E1は、緩衝構造体1が吸収したエネルギーであり、変形行程Dと変位軸とで囲まれる面積E2は、緩衝構造体1が吸収し切れなかったエネルギー、すなわち反発エネルギーである。面積E1が大きな緩衝構造体1は、緩衝性は高いが、反発性を発揮し難く、底突きし易い。また、面積E2が大きな緩衝構造体1は、底突き対策に好都合ではあるが、反発性が高いため、緩衝効果は期待できない。つまり、面積E1とE2とがバランスよく発現する緩衝構造体1がシューズパーツとして好ましいのである。
そして、本発明の緩衝構造体1を上述した構成とすることで、緩衝プロセスにおいて、緩衝性(E1)とのバランスを図りつつ、圧縮変形量の抑制と反発力の増加のタイミングを調整(図17における変形行程B、Cのループの形状と傾きの調整)を図ることができるため、底突きを防止しながら優れた緩衝性と反発性との両立が実現される。なお、後述するように、一次緩衝行程及び二次緩衝行程は、構成条件を変えることによって、更に多段緩衝性を付与することができる。
まず柱材2について説明する。
柱材2は、少なくとも荷重が作用する受圧方向に沿って変形及び復元が可能であればよく、素材としても特に限定されないが、例えばゴム、ゲル、それらの発泡体が例示でき、このうち特に軽量性と緩衝性の観点から発泡体がより好ましい。なお、発泡体の具体的な種類としては、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVA)等の熱可塑性樹脂、ポリウレタン等の熱硬化性樹脂、ブタジエンゴムやクロロプレンゴムなどのゴム材が挙げられる。
これに対し、柱材2がゴムやゲル等の充実体で形成されている場合には、例えば上記図1(a)・(c)に示すように、受圧時、柱材2は、圧縮変形に伴い、受圧方向とほぼ直交する方向(横方向)にも膨出変形を起こし易く、変形の挙動としては体積を一定に保つように膨出変形を起こすものである。
ここで、図1(b)に示す二次緩衝行程においては、発泡体で形成された柱材2の側部がリング材3(ここでは充実体と想定)の膨出変形を受けて、内側に凹むように図示したが、これはあくまでも変形挙動を示す一例に過ぎず、実際にはリング材3や柱材2の硬度等によって、必ずしも図示した変形状況にならないことも想定される。
なお、本明細書においては、柱材2として円柱状(円柱や円柱を斜めに切断した形状のもの)を想定したものが多いが、柱材2の形状は必ずしも円柱状に限定されるものではない。
リング材3は、荷重が掛かっていない初期状態(無荷重状態)で柱材2の高さ寸法(長さ寸法)より小さく形成され、言わば短寸の筒状を成し、柱材2の外側に嵌設されるものである。このリング材3も上述したように受圧の進行に伴い、自ら圧縮変形を起こして緩衝作用を担うが、リング材3の内側に位置する柱材2の変形、特に膨出変形を規制する作用も担うものである。
またリング材3の素材としては、各種ゴム材やゲル材、あるいはこれらの発泡体が適用可能であるが、その硬度等によって自身の緩衝作用はもちろん、柱材2の変形を制限する規制力も変化するものである。
一方、リング材3を柱材2に対し接着せず、嵌め替え自在とした場合には、本発明の多段緩衝作用を発揮し得る範囲において、リング材3の内径は柱材2の外径に対して特に限定せず、リング材3の内径と柱材2の外径との組み合わせによって、多段緩衝性を調整することができる。例えばリング材3の内径を柱材2の外径よりも小さくして(言わば「しまりばめ」)、柱材2にリング材3を嵌めたときの自身の締め付け力を利用してリング材3を柱材2に強固に保持させてもよい。この状態は、リング材3と柱材2との双方に応力バイアスが掛かった状態であり、この状態を例えばリング材3の内径寸法によって適宜調整することができ、これにより様々な緩衝特性を得ることができる。また、リング材3の内径を柱材2の外径よりも大きくした場合には、リング材3の内周面と柱材2の外周面との間に隙間状態に応じた多段緩衝性能が得られる。もちろん、リング材3の内径と柱材2の外径とを同じにしてもよい。
なお、リング材3を嵌め替え自在とすることにより、例えば、長距離マラソンなどの長時間の走行や歩行による経時的な足のコンディションの変化に応じて、緩衝性や反発性、プロネーション特性といった性能を、その場で調整することができる。また、購入後にユーザが自分の好みにあったリング材3を選んで独自のアレンジを楽しむことや(オシャレを楽しむ感覚)、ユーザ独自の多段緩衝特性を見つけ出す楽しみ等、新たな展開や面白さ等をユーザに提供することもできる。
受圧部4は、受圧時の荷重(負荷)を柱材2やリング材3に伝達する部位であり、シューズSにおけるミッドソールやアウターソールなどのソールS1とは全く異なる部材として設けることも可能であるし、ソールS1の一部を受圧部4とすることも可能である。ここで受圧部4がソールS1の一部として形成される場合には、当然、その素材はソールS1と同一となるが、部材として受圧部4がソールS1と全く異なる部材として形成される場合であっても、ソールS1と同じ素材を適用することは可能である。なお、受圧部4をソールS1と全く異なった素材で形成する場合には、例えばソールS1よりも硬質の樹脂材等を適用することが可能である。
なお、作用待機部5を構成するにあたっては、必ずしもリング材3と受圧部4との間に設けられるクリアランスCに限定されるものではなく、クリアランスC以外の作用待機部5については後述する。
このように作用待機部5としては、必ずしもクリアランスCに限定されるものではなく、初期状態で未充足空間NSが形成されている場合には、この未充足空間NSが作用待機部5となり得るものである。
もちろん上記図1(a)~(d)に示すように、リング材3と受圧部4(上側受圧部4U)との間に作用待機部5としてクリアランスCが形成されている場合には、有効作用高さ(リング材3の有効作用高さ)は、初期状態のリング材3の高さ寸法と一致し、「柱材2の高さ寸法」から「クリアランスCの長さ寸法」を引いた寸法となる。
更にまた、図2(f)に示す実施例は、リング材3の上端縁の波形凹凸53を周方向に沿ってうねるように(上下するように)形成した形態である(同心円状ではない)。もちろん、この場合の凹凸形状は必ずしも波形でなくてもよく、例えば図2(g)に示すように、リング材3の上端縁を、径方向から視て複数の半円形状に切除し(ここを切欠き54とする)、実質的に上記図2(f)に示す波形凹凸53と同じ状態とすることが可能である。
更に、この場合のリング材3における径方向の肉厚寸法は、例えば図3(c)に示すように、全周一定でなくてもよく、ここでは柱材2がリング材3に対して偏心状態に設けられ、双方の軸心が合致しないものを図示している。
本発明の緩衝構造体1における多段緩衝は、受圧時にまず柱材2が圧縮変形した後、続いてリング材3が圧縮変形する変形挙動が大きな特徴の一つである。すなわち、柱材2の圧縮変形から時間差(タイムラグ)があってリング材3が圧縮変形するのである。
これは端的に言えば、
「柱材2の高さ寸法」>「リング材3の有効作用高さ寸法」
ということになる。
そして、その具体的な数値としての比率、つまり「柱材2の高さ寸法」に対する「リング材3の有効作用高さ寸法」の比率は、0.2~0.95が好ましく、更には0.5~0.85がより好ましい。
ここで、柱材2の高さにも「(有効作用高さ)」と括弧書きで併記したのは、上述したように作用待機部5としての未充足空間NSが形成される部材は、必ずしもリング材3に限定されないためである。
まず上記高さ比率が0.2(下限)未満であると、良好な多段緩衝変形が実現できず、更にリング材3による柱材2の強度サポート作用が小さくなるので柱材2の荷重屈曲性が大きくなり(受圧時に柱材2が座屈を起こし易くなり)、走行時や歩行時の安定性が低下するものである。
また上記高さ比率が0.95(上限)を越えると、受圧部4とリング材3との距離が近過ぎて(例えば作用待機部5であるクリアランスCが小さ過ぎて)、有効な多段緩衝変形が損なわれるものである。
また異種素材か同種素材は問わず、柱材2と受圧部4とを別部材として形成した場合には、形成後に、これらを接着することが可能である。もちろん、最初から柱材2と受圧部4とを一体的に形成した場合には、生産性を向上させ得るし、これらを別部材として形成し接着した場合における剥離の可能性も解消することができる(言わば接着強度の確保)。
なお、柱材2と受圧部4とを一体的に形成するにあたっては、多色射出成形などが適用でき、更にはこれらをソールS1と一体化したい場合にも好適である。
以下、各組み合わせにおける緩衝構造体1の変形挙動(緩衝性)について説明する。
(1)充実体/充実体の場合:図1(a)
この組み合わせでは、受圧時、柱材2は圧縮変形に伴い、径方向にも膨出(膨出変形)するものであり、それをリング材3が抑制する挙動となる。このため、本組み合わせの緩衝構造体1は、比較的高い弾性の多段緩衝性を示すものとなる。
この組み合わせでは、受圧時、柱材2はそのまま受圧方向に潰れ易く、体積収縮し易いため、柱材2の膨出変形が上記図1(a)に比べて小さくなり、柱材2の圧縮変形からリング材3の変形による反発性の切り替わりが上記図1(a)に比べて顕著になる。このため、本組み合わせの場合には、受圧時初期にソフトな緩衝性を発揮し、徐々に反発性を高めて、緩衝性と反発性を両立させる設計に適する組み合わせである。
なお、ソールS1は発泡体で形成されることが多いため、柱材2をソールS1と一体化したい場合にも、本組み合わせは好適であり、シューズSの軽量化にも寄与する。
この組み合わせでは、受圧時、柱材2は膨出変形を起こすが、リング材3が発泡体であるため、リング材3が柱材2に及ぼす抑制効果は小さくなり、またリング材3自体の圧縮変形反発力も小さくなる。このため本組み合わせは、多段緩衝効果を小さく設計したい場合に適する組み合わせである。
この組み合わせは、柱材2とリング材3とがともに発泡体であるため、各部材自体の圧縮変形反発力が小さく、またリング材3による柱材2への抑制効果も小さいため、緩衝構造体1としての多段緩衝性能を上記図1(c)よりも更に小さく設計したい場合に適する組み合わせである。
なお、本組み合わせの場合には、緩衝構造体1が衝撃吸収後(圧縮後)に発揮する反発性は、それほど期待できないかも知れないが、ソールS1における足裏のほぼ中央部など、体重や衝撃があまり掛からない部位に設ける場合に適する組み合わせである。すなわち、実作用としての衝撃吸収性や多段緩衝性としては低くても、足裏全面に緩衝構造体1が設けられていれば、ユーザに与える満足感や充実感を充分に有するためである。因みに、ユーザはシューズSを購入する際、このような緩衝構造体1、特にリング材3を実際に手や指で触ることが多く(図1参照)、機能的に必要な部位だけ緩衝構造体1を設ければよい場合であっても、緩衝構造体1が足裏全面に設けられている商品の方が、ユーザの購買意欲をより刺激し易いものである。
柱材2の硬度は、アスカーC硬度30~100またはJIS A 硬度40~120であることが好ましく、またリング材3の硬度は、JIS A 硬度30以下であることが好ましく、この範囲内の組み合わせで緩衝構造体1の多段緩衝性能を適宜調整することが望ましい。
柱材2の硬度は、下限値未満(柔らかい想定)であるとリング材3の硬度に係わらず、反発性が悪くなり、歩行や走行時の安定性が低下する場合があるためであり、柱材2の硬度が上限値を越えると(硬い想定)、柱材2の圧縮変形が起こり難く、リング材3の硬度に係わらず、多段緩衝作用を発揮し難い場合があるためである。
またリング材3の硬度は、リング材3自身の圧縮変形の容易性と、受圧時の柱材2の膨出変形の制限作用の共働で、多段緩衝挙動に影響を与えるものであり、例えば柱材2が同じであれば、リング材3の硬度が小さく(柔らかく)なるほど緩衝性能は高くなるが、反発性が低下する傾向にあり、逆にリング材3の硬度が大きく(硬く)なるほど、多段緩衝性は低くなるが、反発性が高まる傾向となる。ただし、リング材3の硬度が下限値未満であると、シューズS全体として反発性が著しく低下して走行や歩行の安定性が得られない場合がある。一方、リング材3の硬度が上限値超(硬い想定)であると、反発性は確保できるが、緩衝性が低下する場合があるので上記硬度範囲としたものである。
まず図4(a)に示す実施例は、三段階の緩衝性能を発揮し得る形態であり、構成としては柱材2に対し、高さの異なるリング材3を二重に嵌設した構成を基本とするものである。ここで、二重のリング材3の性状は同種でも異種でも構わない。なお、図中符号3Iは、内側リング材を示し、図中符号3Oは外側リング材を示すものである。
この場合、一次緩衝行程は、柱材2のみの圧縮変形であり、柱材2が発泡体で形成されていれば、ほとんど膨出変形しないと想定され、本図はこの想定に基づいて図示したものである。
また二次緩衝行程は、柱材2の圧縮変形に、内側リング材3Iの変形(圧縮や膨出)が加わった複合行程であり、内側リング材3Iが充実体であれば圧縮変形に伴い膨出変形も起こす(もしくは起こし易い)と想定され、本図はこの想定に基づいて図示したものである。このように本行程では内側リング材3Iの変形が加わるため、当然、一次緩衝行程よりも潰れ難くなり(緩衝性としては低くなる)、一次緩衝工程よりも反発性が大きくなる。
このようにリング材3を柱材2に対し多重に嵌設することにより、多段階緩衝性能が得られるものである。
なお、本図では内側リング材3Iの高さ寸法を外側リング材3Oよりも高く形成したが、必ずしもこれに限定されるものではなく、内側リング材3Iの方が高く形成されても構わず、もちろんその場合には、上記とは異なった変形挙動を行い緩衝性能が得られるものである。
この場合、一次緩衝行程は、柱材2上部の円錐台部分のみが変形(圧縮変形)を起こす段階であり、柱材2が発泡体で形成されていれば、ほとんど膨出変形しないと想定され、本図はこの想定に基づいて図示している。
また二次緩衝行程は、一次緩衝行程後の柱材2(円柱部分)がリング材3とほぼ同じ高さになるまで圧縮変形する段階であり、ここでも本二次緩衝行程は、一次緩衝行程よりも多少潰れ難くなり、反発性が大きくなる。これは二次緩衝行程の方が、圧縮する柱材2の断面積が大きいことや、柱材2自体が徐々に潰れ限界(圧縮限界)に近づくこと等によるものである。また、このような考え方からすれば、図4(b)に示す場合には、一次緩衝行程においても、徐々に潰れ難さが増して行くものである。
そして、三次緩衝行程は、このような柱材2(円柱部分)の圧縮変形に、リング材3の変形(圧縮や膨出)が加わった複合行程であり、リング材3が充実体であれば圧縮変形に伴い膨出変形も起こす(もしくは起こし易い)と想定され、本図はこの想定に基づいて図示している。もちろん、潰れ難さとしては、一次緩衝行程や二次緩衝行程よりも格段に高まり、この三次緩衝行程で急激に反発性が生じてくる。
、図中符号3Dが下側に嵌められたリング材である。また本図では、クリアランスCを複数箇所に分けて設けているが、クリアランスCの取り方としては種々の態様が可能である。
なお、本実施例の緩衝構造体1における多段緩衝変形を具体的に図示することは省略するが、一次緩衝行程は、クリアランスCの間隔寸法分(総和分)、柱材2のみが圧縮変形を起こす段階であり、柱材2が発泡体で形成されていれば、ほとんど膨出変形しないものである。
また二次緩衝行程は、柱材2の圧縮変形に、リング材3の変形(圧縮や膨出)が加わる複合行程であり、このとき例えば性状的に柔らかく、膨出し易いリング材3の方(例えば上側リング材3U)が、先に圧縮または膨出変形する。また、緩衝構造体1への受圧が進むにつれて、膨出し易いリング材3の方(例えば上側リング材3U)が、より変形度合いも大きい。従って、このように性状の異なるリング材3を直列状に嵌設した場合にも多様な緩衝性、あるいは少なくとも柱材2に一つのリング材3を嵌設した場合とは異なる緩衝特性が得られるものである。
具体的には、例えば図5(a)に示すように、短寸筒状を成すリング材3の上端縁及び下端縁を傾斜させ、側面視状態でテーパ状を成すようにリング材3を形成することが可能である。ここで本図では、リング材3の高さ寸法の低い方(長さ寸法としては短い方)を右側、高い方(長さ寸法としては長い方)を左側として図示している。
また二次緩衝行程は、このような柱材2の圧縮変形に、リング材3の変形(圧縮や膨出)が加わった複合行程であり、リング材3が充実体であれば圧縮変形に伴い膨出変形も起こす(もしくは起こし易い)と想定され、本図はこの想定に基づいて図示している。
なお、本二次緩衝行程では、リング材3がもともと側面視テーパ形状であること、また高さ寸法の高い方が、低い方よりも変形し難い(圧縮や膨出し難い)こと等から、上下の受圧部4同士が平行でなくなり、図示のように高さ寸法の低い方に倒れ込むことになる。
このように本発明の緩衝構造体1は、加わった衝撃を単に吸収して緩和するだけでなく、特定の方向に誘導する作用をも併せ持つことができるものである。
本実施例においても、具体的な多段緩衝変形を図示するのは難しいが、一次緩衝行程は、上側受圧部4Uがリング材3の先端と接触するまで、柱材2のみが圧縮変形を起こす段階であり、柱材2が発泡体で形成されていれば、ほとんど膨出変形しないものである。
また二次緩衝行程は、柱材2の圧縮変形に、リング材3の変形(圧縮や膨出)が加わる複合行程であり、リング材3が充実体で形成されていれば、膨出変形を起こす(起こし易い)ものである。
このため二次緩衝行程では、上記と同様に、上側受圧部4Uが、リング材3の高さ寸法の低い方に倒れ込むものであり、例えば装着者の足がオーバープロネーションとなることを防止することができるものである。
なお、リング材3を側面視勾配状に形成するにあたっては、リング材3の下端縁のみを傾斜させても実現でき、同様の効果が得られるものである。
なお、リング材3が柱材2に接着固定等されていなければ、例えば図5(f)に示すように、ユーザが自由にリング材3を回転させることによって傾倒方向(荷重誘導方向)を適宜設定することができ、独自の緩衝性を見出す楽しみをユーザに提供することができる。因みに、このような考え方はリング材3が柱材2に固着されておらず、またリング材3の嵌設位置によって傾倒方向や荷重誘導方向が変更できる場合に広く適用できるものである。
なお、本図6(a)では、二次緩衝行程において膨出したリング材3の内周面(リング膨出空間AS側)がリング膨出空間AS内の奥部まで入り込むように図示しているが、必ずしもこのような変形挙動を採るとは限らず、リング材3や柱材2の硬度等によっては、リング材3の内周面がリング膨出空間ASの奥まで入り込まないことも考えられる。ただし、リング膨出空間ASによって少なくともリング材3の変形スペースは確保されるため、リング材3は受圧時に変形し易くなるものである。
なお、柱材2やリング材3にリング膨出空間ASを設ける形態は、互いの接触部に空洞を形成し、双方の接触面積を減少させる形態であるため、リング材3による柱材2の規制力は多少低下する。また、その分、受圧時における柱材2の変形は起こり易くなるものである。
ここで図7(a)は、膨出規制部ERを、緩衝構造体1の外側の一方に立壁のように形成した形態である。この場合、同図に示すように、特に二次緩衝行程において、当然、リング材3は壁のない方に大きく膨出する。すなわち、膨出規制部ERによって膨出変形が規制された分、膨出規制部ERが存在しない部位で、大きく膨出変形するものである。
このように膨出規制部ERは、受圧時にリング材3をどのように変形させ規制したいのかによって(目的の制御によって)、素材、形状、設置箇所、設ける数等を適宜設定することができるものである。逆に言えば、受圧時の柱材2やリング材3の変形の仕方を制御することにより、緩衝構造体1の緩衝性能をコントロールすることができるものである。
また図8(b)に示す実施例は、一つの柱材2において、その左右の半円柱部分で、硬度等の性状を異ならせた形態である。この場合、受圧時の柱材2の変形、特に圧縮変形は、同じ柱材2でありながら柱材2の左右で異なり、このため上側受圧部4Uは硬度の低い(柔らかい)半円柱側に傾倒し、その分、硬度の低い半円柱側の膨出度合いも大きくなるものである。
また図8(d)に示す実施例は、一つのリング材3において、その下部の内側(内周側)のみ異種性状とした形態であり、この場合もリング材3による柱材2の規制力が上下で異なり、また受圧時のリング材3自体の変形(膨出変形)も上下で異なるものである。
なお、一つのリング材3を同一素材で形成した場合であっても部分的に性状を異ならせることは可能であり、例えば図8(e)に示すように、リング材3の下部のみに小孔32を多数開口すれば、同じリング材3であっても部分的に性状を異ならせることができる。
また、例えば図8(g)に示すように、一つのリング材3の上下部分を同じ性状の素材(例えば高い硬度)で形成し、真ん中部分を異なった性状の素材(例えば低い硬度)で形成することも可能である。因みに、本図8(g)では、柱材2の性状は変えていない。
もちろん、例えば図8(h)~(j)に示すように、柱材2及びリング材3ともに、硬度等の性状を異ならせても構わない。なお、本図8(h)~(j)の断面図に付したスマッジングは、同じ種類のものは同じ性状の素材(硬度等)を示すものである。
また図9(b)に示す実施例は、柱材2を下窄まりの円錐台形状とし、その周囲に径方向の肉厚寸法をほぼ一定としたリング材3を嵌設した形態である。この場合には、リング材3の肉厚寸法がほぼ一定であるため、リング材3自体に変形のし易さ(し難さ)、換言すれば緩衝性の差は生じないが、柱材2の径方向寸法が下部ほど小さくなるため、受圧時に下部ほど変形し易くなる(特に膨出変形し易くなる)ものである。
なお、図9(d)に示す実施例は、リング材3の断面サイズ(径寸法)を高さ方向において段階的に変化させながら、且つ螺旋状に形成した緩衝構造体1である。この場合、リング材3が上下方向に伸縮変形することに伴い、捻り作用が加わるため、例えば、走行時に、過内転や過外転の癖を有するユーザが、その癖を矯正したい場合等に有用である。
因みに、本実施例のように上下の受圧部4を板バネのように連結した場合には、受圧部4をソールS1とは別の部材、例えば全く異なる硬質の樹脂材で形成することが好ましく、これには一例としてポリエーテルブロックアミド共重合体(例えばペバックス(登録商標))などが適用可能である。
ここで、例えば図11(a)は、複数の柱材2の外側に一つのリング材3を嵌める形態であるが、リング材3の嵌設態様としては、例えば図11(b)に示すように、各柱材2に一つずつリング材3を嵌めることも可能であるし(柱材2と同じ数のリング材3が必要となる)、他にも例えば図11(c)に示すように、複数の柱材2を幾つかのグループに分け、そのグループ毎にリング材3を嵌設することも可能である(リング材3の数は柱材2の数未満となる)。
因みに、上記図11(b)のように、個々の柱材2にリング材3を一つずつ嵌設した場合等には、同図の側面断面図に示すように、受圧時に隣り合う緩衝構造体1(リング材3)が互いに干渉し得るため、この干渉によって更に多様な緩衝性を得ることが可能である。もちろん受圧時にリング材3が干渉し合うのは、上記図11(c)のような場合でも同様である。
なお、ここでも硬質の樹脂材の一例としてポリエーテルブロックアミド共重合体(例えばペバックス(登録商標))が挙げられる。
具体的には、例えば図13に示すように、柱材2を上下に二分割し、これらを互いに嵌め合う入れ子状の構成とするものである。ここで、二分割された柱材2のうちの上部を上部柱材2Uとし、下部を下部柱材2Dとするものであり、特に本実施例では、上部柱材2Uを外側、下部柱材2Dを内側に位置させた嵌め合いとする。また、上部柱材2Uは、例えば上側受圧部4Uと当初から一体的に形成する等して、常に一体で可動できるように構成するものであり(別部材で接合も可)、下部柱材2Dも同様に下側受圧部4Dと一体で可動するように構成する。また、リング材3は、初期状態で下側受圧部4Dと非接触、つまりリング材3と下側受圧部4Dとの間にクリアランスCが形成されるものである。
更に、ここでは上部柱材2Uと下部柱材2Dとの嵌め合い空間には、エアが封入されており、双方の接近時には、この内部空間のエアを押し縮めてエアダンパー(空気バネ)作用が生じるものとする。また、初期状態で下部柱材2Dが上部柱材2Uから外れてしまう(抜け落ちてしまう)ことはないものとする。
そして、二次緩衝行程では、上部柱材2U及び下部柱材2Dのダンパー作用に、リング材3の圧縮変形が加わるものであり、これが加わる分、一次緩衝行程よりも緩衝構造体1としては潰れ難くなる(緩衝性としては低下する)。なお、本実施例では、リング材3を充実体(圧縮に伴い膨出変形する)と想定して図示している。
因みに、本実施例においては、上部柱材2Uと下部柱材2Dとの嵌め合い空間にエアを封入するように説明したが、エアの代わりに液体等を封入することも可能である。
ここで、本図14では、ソールS1を上下方向に分離するように形成しておき、リング材3をこの間に収容できるようにしており、また上側のソールS1に上側受圧部4Uや上部柱材2Uを一体的に形成しておき、下側のソールS1に下側受圧部4Dや下部柱材2Dを一体的に設けておくものである。
そして、例えばユーザがリング材3を自分で交換する場合等に、シューズSの側部からアクセスし、ソールS1を上下に分離させ、つまりこの操作により上部柱材2Uと下部柱材2Dとを引き離し、リング材3を交換するものである。
この形態では、同図15に併せ示すように、まず上側受圧部4Uに、下向きの柱体21(柱材2の一部を成すものであり、特にこれを上部柱体21Uとする)が形成され、その下端部から外周側に張り出すように鍔体22(これを特に上部鍔体22Uとする)が連続して形成され、これら上側受圧部4U、上部柱体21U、上部鍔体22Uを総称して上パーツ10Uとする。
一方、下側受圧部4Dにおいても、上向きの柱体21(これも柱材2の一部を成し、特に下部柱体21Dとする)が形成され、その上端部から外周側に張り出すように鍔体22(これを特に下部鍔体22Dとする)が連続して形成され、これら下側受圧部4D、下部柱体21D、下部鍔体22Dを総称して下パーツ10Dとする。
このため、分離した上下パーツ10U・10Dを各々単独で見た場合には、同図15に併せ示すように、上下の受圧部4U・4Dに、柱体21U・21D及び鍔体22U・22Dが連続したフック状を成すように目視され、これらが立体的な柱材2や鍔体22を形成するものとは分かりづらい外観となっている。
また、このような構成上、リング材3の内側中央部には、鍔体22を受け入れるための溝33が全周にわたって中ぐり状に形成される。
なお、本実施例においてもリング材3は、初期状態で下側受圧部4Dと非接触であり、クリアランスCを有するものである。
このとき上パーツ10Uの上部鍔体22Uはリング材3を下方に押圧する一方、下パーツ10Dの下部鍔体22Dはリング材3を上方に押圧する。このためリング材3に形成された溝33には上下方向に互い違いに働く力(縦に千切るような力:せん断力)が作用し、これが本一次緩衝行程における緩衝作用として機能する。なお、リング材3が充実体で形成されていれば、上下の鍔体22U・22Dが、互いに逆方向に押し合う力によって多少の膨出変形が生じるものであり、本図はこの想定に基づいて図示している。
そして、二次緩衝行程では、上述した上下の鍔体22U・22Dによる押圧に加え、上下の受圧部4がリング材3を押圧することになり、これによる圧縮変形がリング材3に加わる。このため二次緩衝行程では、必然的に一次緩衝行程よりも緩衝構造体1としては潰れ難くなる(緩衝性としては低下する)ものである。
まず図16(a)に示す設置例は、複数の緩衝構造体1を足裏全体ではなく、拇指球(拇指の付け根)、小指球(小指の付け根)、踵部分(ここでは踵付近に3箇所)に組み込んだ形態である。これは装着者の体重が、拇指球、小指球、踵部分の三点(三角形)に均等に掛かると言われ、当該部位に緩衝構造体1を集中的に設けるだけでも歩行時のバランスが安定し得るためである(三角形のバランス保持理論)。
なお、本図16(a)において、踵部分に、拇指球や小指球よりも多くの緩衝構造体1を設けたのは、多くの人が着地時にまず踵から着地し、踵に大きな衝撃が掛かるためである。
更に、テニスやバスケットボール等のシューズに適用する場合には、例えば図18(b)に示すような反発性バランスとなるような配置で、性能の異なる複数の緩衝構造体1を配置し、足の外側(OUT側)の反発性(硬度)を高くすることが好ましく、横方向へ素早く切り返す動きが実現できる。
Claims (12)
- 柱材と、
この柱材に嵌設される弾性のリング材と、
前記柱材によって連結された上下の受圧部と
を具えて成る緩衝構造体において、
前記柱材は、少なくとも受圧方向に変形及び復元が可能であり、
また前記リング材は、有効作用高さが柱材よりも低く設定され、なお且つ上下の受圧部と非接着状態に形成され、
受圧時には、まず柱材が受圧方向に圧縮変形を生じた後、次いでリング材が受圧方向に圧縮変形を生じることにより多段緩衝性能を発揮するようにしたことを特徴とする緩衝構造体。
- 前記リング材の有効作用高さは、柱材に対して0.2~0.95の比率であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の緩衝構造体。
- 前記柱材とリング材のうち少なくとも一方は、有効作用高さが全周にわたって一定とならないように形成されることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の緩衝構造体。
- 前記柱材は発泡体で形成され、リング材は充実体で形成されることを特徴とする請求項1、2または3記載の緩衝構造体。
- 前記柱材の硬度はアスカーC硬度30~100またはJIS A 硬度40~120であり、リング材の硬度はJIS A 硬度30以下であることを特徴とする請求項1、2、3または4記載の緩衝構造体。
- 前記リング材と柱材との接触面には、少なくともどちらかに、陥凹状のリング膨出空間が形成されることを特徴とする請求項1、2、3、4または5記載の緩衝構造体。
- 前記リング材の外側には、少なくとも一部にリング材の膨出変形を制限する膨出規制部が設けられることを特徴とする請求項1、2、3、4、5または6記載の緩衝構造体。
- 前記リング材と柱材のうち少なくとも一方は、複数の異なる素材または異なる反発力を有する部位から構成されて成ることを特徴とする請求項1、2、3、4、5、6または7記載の緩衝構造体。
- 前記柱材は、複数の部材を組み合わせて成るものであり、当該部材が受圧方向に可動変形するように構成されることを特徴とする請求項1、2、3、4、5、6、7または8記載の緩衝構造体。
- 前記リング材は、柱材に対して着脱自在に取り付けられることを特徴とする請求項1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8または9記載の緩衝構造体。
- 着地時に装着者の脚に加わる衝撃を緩衝する緩衝構造体をソールに組み込んで成るシューズであって、
この緩衝構造体には請求項1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9または10記載の緩衝構造体が適用されることを特徴とするシューズ。
- 前記緩衝構造体は、ソールの足裏面に設けられることを特徴とする請求項11記載のシューズ。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015543581A JP5985070B2 (ja) | 2013-10-21 | 2013-10-21 | 緩衝構造体 並びにこれを適用したシューズ |
| EP13896022.4A EP3061362B1 (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2013-10-21 | Shock-absorbing structure and shoes implementing same |
| PCT/JP2013/078442 WO2015059743A1 (ja) | 2013-10-21 | 2013-10-21 | 緩衝構造体 並びにこれを適用したシューズ |
| US15/031,184 US20160270477A1 (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2013-10-21 | Shock absorbing structure and shoe to which the shock absorbing structure is applied |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/078442 WO2015059743A1 (ja) | 2013-10-21 | 2013-10-21 | 緩衝構造体 並びにこれを適用したシューズ |
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| WO2015059743A1 true WO2015059743A1 (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/078442 Ceased WO2015059743A1 (ja) | 2013-10-21 | 2013-10-21 | 緩衝構造体 並びにこれを適用したシューズ |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20160270477A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3061362B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5985070B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2015059743A1 (ja) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US11399594B2 (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2022-08-02 | Danielle M Kassatly | Footwear auxiliaries for synchronously toning leg muscles in order to straighten back posture |
| US9833038B2 (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2017-12-05 | Nike, Inc. | Multi-density midsole and plate system |
| US20220087849A1 (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2022-03-24 | The General Hospital Corporation | Systems and methods for preventing and managing sores, ulcers, and wounds |
| US20230284742A1 (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-09-14 | Reebok International Limited | Article of footwear with dispensed components |
| US12369685B1 (en) | 2024-06-12 | 2025-07-29 | 1158990 B.C. Ltd. | Shoe midsole with delayed energy return and lateral shear stability |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3061362B1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
| JP5985070B2 (ja) | 2016-09-06 |
| EP3061362A1 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
| JPWO2015059743A1 (ja) | 2017-03-09 |
| US20160270477A1 (en) | 2016-09-22 |
| EP3061362A4 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
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