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WO2015044682A1 - Optimisation d'un réseau pour la transmission d'un petit paquet - Google Patents

Optimisation d'un réseau pour la transmission d'un petit paquet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015044682A1
WO2015044682A1 PCT/GB2014/052930 GB2014052930W WO2015044682A1 WO 2015044682 A1 WO2015044682 A1 WO 2015044682A1 GB 2014052930 W GB2014052930 W GB 2014052930W WO 2015044682 A1 WO2015044682 A1 WO 2015044682A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mobile terminal
history information
enb
network
rrc
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2014/052930
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English (en)
Inventor
Assen Mahaboob Khan GOLAUP
Christopher David Pudney
Alexej Kulakov
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Vodafone IP Licensing Ltd
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Vodafone IP Licensing Ltd
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Publication of WO2015044682A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015044682A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0083—Determination of parameters used for hand-off, e.g. generation or modification of neighbour cell lists
    • H04W36/00837—Determination of triggering parameters for hand-off
    • H04W36/008375—Determination of triggering parameters for hand-off based on historical data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
    • H04W76/27—Transitions between radio resource control [RRC] states
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
    • H04W76/25—Maintenance of established connections

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a method of configuring interaction between a mobile terminal and one or more eNodeBs (eNBs) of a cellular communications network and a corresponding eNB.
  • eNBs eNodeBs
  • the generation of small data packets at intermittent time intervals may result in UE being kept by the network in DRX connected mode rather than being sent to RRC (Radio Resource Control) idle mode.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • Such an approach will prevent the UE having to intermittently set up a connection to the network to send a small data packet if network releases the connection after each small packet transfer.
  • 36.822 highlights the trade-off in network signalling between keeping the UE in RRC connected mode and moving the UE to RRC idle after packet transmission.
  • a UE in RRC Connected mode has to perform handover (whether there is user plane data to transfer or not) and the rate of handover typically increases if the UE mobility is high and the network is made up of small cells. Each handover would result in an additional 34 bytes in uplink signalling on the radio interface and 100 bytes in downlink signalling on the radio interface according to TR 36.822.
  • each RRC Connection setup/release creates around 60-70 bytes signalling on the uplink and 120-193 bytes on the downlink. Setting the RRC state (or more generally, configuring the UE's method of interaction with the eNB) appropriately is therefore a challenge.
  • a first known approach to dealing with this issue uses a traffic inactivity timer.
  • An eNB may implement a traffic inactivity timer which monitors whether UE has no traffic to send during a certain time, for example 10s and then release the RRC Connection.
  • This approach may function well provided that the UE is not generating traffic (typically small packets) periodically, for instance every 30s, in which case, it would be better to keep the UE in RRC Connected mode.
  • Traffic inactivity timer is typically set as the same value for all UEs in the cell.
  • a second known approach employs a power preference indication from the
  • UE This is discussed in 3GPP working groups and uses a 'power preference indication' bit from the UE which indicates to the network whether the UE would benefit from being sent to RRC Idle or should be kept in RRC Connected mode. This approach impacts the UE and it is not certain that all UEs will support the feature. Moreover, UEs are able to set the bit in any way they wish, for instance, to get preferential access to network resources and hence, this solution is not a good approach for the operator.
  • a third known approach releases the RRC Connection before handover.
  • the eNB keeps the UE in RRC Connected mode until it receives a trigger for handover. If the UE is not actively transmitting data or has been quiet for a long time, network sends the UE to idle to reduce the handover signalling load. This solution does not however help with reducing the UE battery consumption since UE might be kept in connected mode unnecessarily.
  • history information stored at a base station can comprise network traffic quantity information, such as the volume, size or frequency of uplink or downlink traffic with the UE.
  • This information may be determined and stored on the basis of the interaction between the UE and eNB and/or relate to the UE's interaction with one or a plurality of previous eNBs and received from elsewhere. It may be used to affect the way that the eNB and UE interact, in particular the way that the Radio Resource Control (RRC) state of the UE is set or adjusted.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • 'UE history information' (as specified in TS 36.300, TS 36.413 and TS 36.423).
  • an eNB logs information on the last visited cell of the UE including its cell identity, the time UE stayed in the cell and the cell type. This information is added to information gathered for previously visited cells by the UE and forwarded to the target eNB at handover over the 3GPP LTE X2 interface or 3GPP LTE S1 interface.
  • the proposed invention provides an eNB with appropriate information on the UE traffic pattern behaviour and UE mobility behaviour so that the eNB can make an improved, informed decision of whether to keep a UE in RRC Connected mode (with the implications of increased handover signalling rate, increased battery
  • a method of configuring interaction between a mobile terminal and one or more eNBs of a cellular communications network comprising: storing history information at an eNB from the one or more eNBs of the cellular communications network that is serving the mobile terminal, the history information comprising information indicative of an uplink and/or downlink network traffic quantity for the mobile terminal; and configuring an interaction parameter for communication between the mobile terminal and the one or more eNBs of the cellular communications network based on the stored history information.
  • a cellular communications network comprising one or more eNBs and at least one terminal connected to a serving cell on a serving eNB, having been previously connected to one or more cells of the same or other eNBs, there may be provided a method of determining whether the serving eNB should release the terminal from an RRC connected state to an RRC idle state.
  • the method comprises: on the serving eNB, retrieving information indicative of the volume and/or size and/or frequency of uplink and/or downlink network traffic generated by the terminal whilst connected to one or more previously visited/connected cells, and using said retrieved information to estimate/predict whether the terminal will be sending and/or receiving network traffic within a predetermined period of time and, if not, to release the terminal from an RRC connected state to an RRC idle state.
  • the serving cell logs information indicative of the volume and/or size and/or frequency of uplink and/or downlink network traffic generated by the terminal whilst connected to the serving cell and adds the information to the history information of the terminal on traffic volume generation behaviour which is transferred at handover to a second eNB, if the connection is not released.
  • the history information indicative of the volume and/or size and/or frequency of uplink and/or downlink network traffic generated by the terminal whilst connected to the one or more other eNBs is transmitted to an MME
  • the terminal before/during/after the terminal is transferred from an RRC connected state to an RRC idle state, but desirably before the link between the eNB and the MME is released.
  • a method of preserving terminal history information indicative of the network traffic history of the terminal comprising:
  • a method of retrieving/receiving terminal history information indicative of the network traffic history of the terminal comprising:
  • the serving eNB uses the terminal history information to decide whether or not to transfer the terminal from an RRC connected state to an RRC idle state after the transfer of network traffic between the serving eNB and the terminal.
  • the terminal history information may comprise one or more absolute times at which the terminal was previously transferred/released to an RRC idle state in the last visited cell and/or absolute time at which the the terminal was previously transferred to an RRC connected state.
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates the principles of UE history information handling for controlling UE RRC state transitions
  • Figure 2 depicts a schematic plot of packet size against time.
  • Enhancement of UE history information to contain uplink and downlink traffic volume can be on a per cell basis or on the level of size of packets and time of transmission of those packets in the last visited cell.
  • the traffic volume information can be coded in an optimised way by signalling the range of the traffic volume information rather than absolute values.
  • eNB stores the absolute time at which the RRC connection is released in the UE history information. 3) eNB forwards the UE history information to the MME during the RRC connection release procedure, for instance in S1 AP: UE context release request
  • MME stores the UE history information
  • the MME downloads the stored UE history information to the eNB, for instance in S1 Initial context setup request message.
  • eNB If eNB considers the UE history information as valid, for example, based on time of last RRC Connection release, it adds information on the current cell on which UE connected again to the log. This includes the time at which UE connected to the cell and optionally the time at which the UE releases the connection (if eNB decides to do so). This is in addition to other information on uplink/downlink traffic volume, cell id, traffic type etc.
  • this may be considered a method of configuring and/or storing data relating to interaction between a mobile terminal and one or more eNBs of a cellular communications network.
  • the method comprises storing history information at an eNB from the one or more eNBs of the cellular communications network that is serving the mobile terminal, the history information comprising information indicative of an uplink and/or downlink network traffic quantity for the mobile terminal.
  • the method further comprises configuring an interaction parameter for communication between the mobile terminal and the one or more eNBs of the cellular communications network based on the stored history information.
  • the step of configuring an interaction parameter takes place at the eNB serving the mobile terminal.
  • a UE, eNB, MME or another network entity configured to operate in accordance with any method described herein.
  • the method may be implemented by means of a computer program, which will cause the steps to be carried out when operated by a processor (or other logic).
  • the computer program may be stored on a computer readable medium.
  • 3GPP has specified UE history information to contain information about last visited cells, the time UE stayed in those cells, cell type and the cause of handovers.
  • the main motivation for this feature is to allow the eNB receiving the information to optimise the handover procedure, especially to avoid ping-pong handovers.
  • UE history information can also be enhanced to help an eNB decide whether to keep a UE in RRC connected or whether to release the connection following the transfer of a small packet.
  • UE history information might indicate that the UE has done several cell transitions (with different cell ids) in a short time, which can indicate that UE is moving at high speed.
  • An eNB may decide to release the RRC connection based on this information, but it should only do so if it is confident that the UE is not consistently generating a lot of data or it is not generating small packets of data at short time intervals, such as shorter than the cell dwell time, which would require UE to constantly set up an RRC connection.
  • the eNB might implement a traffic inactivity timer, which should ideally not expire as long as UE has an on-going data transfer and keeping the UE in RRC connected (even though it is moving at high speed) in this situation would then be justified.
  • What the eNB is not aware of is how often a UE will be sending a small packet of data when the interval is longer than the traffic inactivity timer but perhaps still short enough to cause a number of RRC state transitions whilst UE is in a cell.
  • the UE history information should be enhanced to capture the amount of traffic generated by the UE in last visited cells on the uplink and downlink.
  • the uplink and/or downlink network traffic quantity may comprise a volume and/or size and/or frequency of uplink and/or downlink network traffic in respect of the mobile terminal.
  • the uplink and/or downlink network traffic quantity may be stored on a per cell basis or in terms of packet size and time of transmission or reception. This data can also be quantised and/or sampled at an appropriate level.
  • the information indicative of an uplink and/or downlink network traffic quantity for the mobile terminal may be represented by a range (rather being recorded as the measured value).
  • the history information further comprises one or more of: a time at which the uplink and/or downlink network traffic quantity was generated; an aggregated network traffic volume at the cell level; and a time duration for which the mobile terminal was connected to a cell of an eNB from the one or more eNBs of the cellular communications network.
  • the uplink and/or downlink network traffic quantity comprises a volume and/or size of uplink and/or downlink network traffic in respect of the mobile terminal and this is stored together with a timestamp of when the network traffic quantity was generated or an aggregated network traffic volume at the cell level stored with the time duration of the mobile terminal in a cell,
  • a specific implementation will be detailed below as an example only.
  • FIG. 1 there is illustrated the principles of how the uplink and downlink traffic volume information could be used to help an eNB decide when to send UE to RRCJdIe and how the UE history information of the UE can be preserved when UE is sent to RRCJdIe mode for a temporary amount of time before it enters RRC connected mode again to send more data.
  • UE enters RRC Connected mode to send data.
  • This can be normal user data or a small packet (background traffic) generated by an application or the operating system.
  • eNB keeps UE in DRX connected mode after expiry of a traffic inactivity timer.
  • eNB logs the amount of data transferred on the uplink and downlink, in addition to other already specified information, such as cell Id and Time UE stayed in cell etc.
  • the traffic volume may either be logged on a per cell basis or in terms of packet size and time at which packet is transferred (see below). If UE selects a cell that is controlled by another eNB, the UE history information is forwarded over X2 interface (as per already specified 3GPP procedures)
  • an eNB After collecting information for a few cells, an eNB can analyse the traffic volume pattern generated in previous cells to come to the conclusion that the UE will not be sending or receiving data soon. eNB then decides to release the UE to RRCjdle mode.
  • eNB For eNB to include the UE history information in the S1 signalling sent to MME at release of the RRC connection
  • a UE will re-enter RRC Connected mode after some time if there is more data to send/receive. This would typically be the case if the UE is generating background traffic.
  • the UE history information is pushed down to the eNB in appropriate S1 signalling by the MME.
  • the eNB may use the received information to decide when to subsequently release the connection to idle (After the current packet transmission).
  • eNB has to be aware of when was the last time that the UE was sent to RRCjdle, and hence whether the UE history information is valid. This can be achieved by an eNB including the absolute time at which the RRC Connection is released in a particular cell in the UE history information, before forwarding it to the MME. In this way, an eNB subsequently receiving the information can decide whether it is relevant or whether to restart collecting UE history information (and disregard information from MME). Similarly, it is desirable for eNB to subsequently include the last time at which UE entered connected mode from RRC _idle as part of the visited cell information where UE entered connected mode. In general terms, the following additional preferable or optional additional features of the generalised method discussed above may therefore be considered.
  • the method may further comprise generating history information for the mobile terminal, based on communication between the mobile terminal and the eNB that is serving the mobile terminal.
  • the UE history information may be based on the information resulting from the UE's interaction with that eNB and/or cell serving it.
  • the generated history information is stored in the step of storing.
  • the method may further comprise: communicating to the eNB that is serving the mobile terminal (such as, receiving at that eNB), previous history information for the mobile terminal from a network entity (for example, at handover).
  • the UE history may be based on information from another cell/eNB or even multiple cells and/or eNBs. It need not even comprise any information relating to the UE's interaction with the currently serving eNB.
  • the step of storing history information optionally comprises combining the previous history information with history information in relation to communication between the mobile terminal and the eNB that is serving the mobile terminal.
  • the generated or stored history information for the mobile terminal may be
  • the network entity from which the eNB receives history information and/or to which the eNB communicates the history information may be another eNB from the one or more eNBs or a radio access network or core network entity of the cellular communications network.
  • a particular option for this network entity is a Mobility Management Entity (MME).
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • the step of communicating that is, passing the history information between the serving eNB and MME
  • the step of communicating preferably forms part of a context setup or release
  • a particular advantage of the expanded stored UE history relates to the enhanced determination or prediction that may be made on the basis of such information, especially with regard to a network traffic pattern and/or level with respect to that UE.
  • the step of configuring an interaction parameter beneficially comprises predicting whether the mobile terminal will be sending and/or receiving network traffic within a predetermined period of time based on the stored history information.
  • Such a prediction or estimation may have numerous
  • the interaction parameter is a RRC state (such as, idle or connected). This may be implemented in a number of ways.
  • the step of configuring an interaction parameter may comprise releasing the mobile terminal from an RRC connected state to an RRC idle state if the step of predicting indicates that mobile terminal will not be sending and/or receiving network traffic within a predetermined period of time.
  • the step of communicating the generated or stored history information (to the network entity) may take place before/during/after the step of releasing the mobile terminal from an RRC connected state.
  • the step of communicating the generated or stored history information is performed before the connection to the MME is released.
  • the history information for the mobile terminal further comprises at least one (absolute) time at which the RRC state of the mobile terminal was previously changed.
  • the time at which the RRC state of the mobile terminal was previously changed may comprise one or both of: the time when the mobile terminal was (last) released to an RRC idle state (for example in the last visited cell); and the time when then terminal was (last) transferred to an RRC connected state. Additional Information for UE history information
  • UE history information is enhanced to contain the following Information:
  • the eNB monitors the size of packets, together with the time at which they were received and include those in the UE history information. This means that for a given visited cell, the traffic volume information will be a log of packet sizes and the corresponding times at which these were received.
  • the packet arrival time can be considered as the time when buffer size for UE traffic becomes non empty and the packet size is the amount of data transferred between this time and the time at which the buffer for the UE becomes empty again.
  • the UE history information for traffic volume will consist of a number of entries indicating the packet arrival time and size of packet.
  • the table below shows example packet arrival times and sizes.
  • the main issue with this approach is that the UE history information size can quickly become significant and this information will have to be transported between eNBs at handover and also sent to MME at RRC Connection Release.
  • the second, simpler approach would be for a source eNB to log the volume of data sent on the uplink and downlink for the UE whilst it is in the cell, that is on a per cell basis and include that information at handover.
  • Traffic analysis of light background traffic generated by smart phones indicates that a small packet size on the uplink typically ranges between 0 and 400 bytes, with sizes up to 1500 bytes being rare. On the downlink, small packet sizes can range from 0 to 1500 bytes.
  • the format of how this information can be reported in the UE history information can be even further simplified by an indication of whether the amount of data transferred is one of the following:
  • the actual thresholds may be determined by experimentation and/or analysis, but as an example, X could be 400 bytes and Y could be 1500 bytes based on traffic analysis results on background traffic in 3GPP TR 36.822.
  • the proposed changes to the content of the UE history information specified in TS 36.413 and TS 36.423 to include UL and DL traffic volume are detailed below, with the assumption of 'X' referred to above of 400 bytes and ⁇ ' of 1500 bytes.
  • An absolute time format is already defined in TS 36.331 for the purpose of Minimisation of Drive Test feature and can be re-used for indicating the time at which eNB releases the RRC connection or last time UE entered connected mode.
  • the format used in TS 36.331 is YY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS and uses BCD encoding.
  • the first/ leftmost bit of the bit string contains the most significant bit of the most significant digit of the year and so on.
  • a simplified format like DD:HH:MM:SS could also be appropriate.
  • the proposed changes to the content of the UE history information specified in TS 36.413 and TS 36.423 to include a time stamp of when eNB releases UE to RRC Idle and time stamp of when UE entered connected mode are detailed in the Appendix A with the assumption of a time format similar to that used in TS 36.331 .
  • UE history information After collecting the traffic volume information for a few cells, UE history information might look, as an example, as follows:
  • the eNB may use the information to deduce that after sending user data in cell 1 , UE has been generating background traffic approximately every three minutes (based on information about time UE stayed in each cell) and hence that UE is not expected to be transferring data within the next three minutes.
  • the eNB may additionally deduce that this is a fast moving UE doing about one handover every minute and hence it would be beneficial to send this UE to RRC idle mode. This decision can help save on handover signalling and also UE battery power by sending UE to RRC idle with a low risk that UE will have more data to send immediately after release.
  • eNB When eNB decides to send UE to RRC Idle, it includes the time at which the RRC connection is released in the UE history information.
  • UE history information might be the following:
  • eNB sends S1 : UE Context Release message to MME.
  • This message is enhanced to carry the UE history information.
  • the MME stores the UE history information and associates it with a unique UE identity.
  • UE will enter connected mode after going through a few cells in RRC Idle and establish a new RRC Connection and data bearer to send the small packet traffic.
  • the MME identifies the UE (based on its identity) and include the stored UE history information in the S1 : UE CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST message. This message is enhanced to carry the UE history information as described in the Appendix.
  • the eNB When the eNB receives the UE history information, it can deduce from the time stamp of the last time UE was released to RRC Idle, whether the information is still valid for the ongoing session or has to be discarded. If, for example, the UE is connecting after three minutes, the eNB can still assume that the previous UE behaviour pattern applies.
  • the source eNB might use the traffic inactivity timer to confirm that UE has no more than 400 bytes to send and then release the connection to RRC Idle instead of sending the UE to Long DRX. If the UE decides to keep the stored UE history information, it adds the information of the time at which the UE connected to the current cell, in addition to other information it would include when the UE leaves the cell.
  • the release time of the connection is included.
  • the Last Visited E-UTRAN Cell Information contains information about a cell that is to be used for RRM purposes.
  • the Last Visited E-UTRAN Cell Information contains information about a cell that is to be used for RRM purposes.
  • This message is sent by the eNB to request the release of the UE-associated S1 -logical connection over the S1 interface.
  • This message is sent by the MME to request the setup of a UE context.
  • the maximum value is 256.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Une interaction entre un terminal mobile et un ou plusieurs eNB d'un réseau de communication cellulaire est configurée. Des informations d'historique sont mémorisées au niveau d'un eNB parmi lesdits un ou plusieurs eNB du réseau de communication cellulaire qui dessert le terminal mobile. Les informations d'historique comprennent des informations indiquant une quantité de trafic de réseau en liaison montante et/ou descendante pour le terminal mobile. Un paramètre d'interaction est configuré pour une communication entre le terminal mobile et lesdits un ou plusieurs eNB du réseau de communication cellulaire sur la base des informations d'historique mémorisées.
PCT/GB2014/052930 2013-09-27 2014-09-29 Optimisation d'un réseau pour la transmission d'un petit paquet Ceased WO2015044682A1 (fr)

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GBGB1317179.8A GB201317179D0 (en) 2013-09-27 2013-09-27 Network Optimisation for small packet transmission
GB1317179.8 2013-09-27

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WO2015044682A1 true WO2015044682A1 (fr) 2015-04-02

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