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WO2014130044A1 - Visualisation de données tridimensionnelles - Google Patents

Visualisation de données tridimensionnelles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014130044A1
WO2014130044A1 PCT/US2013/027525 US2013027525W WO2014130044A1 WO 2014130044 A1 WO2014130044 A1 WO 2014130044A1 US 2013027525 W US2013027525 W US 2013027525W WO 2014130044 A1 WO2014130044 A1 WO 2014130044A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axes
data
representations
coordinate space
arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/US2013/027525
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English (en)
Inventor
Nelson L Chang
Scott Clearwater
Warren Jackson
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Hewlett Packard Development Co LP
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Hewlett Packard Development Co LP
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hewlett Packard Development Co LP filed Critical Hewlett Packard Development Co LP
Priority to PCT/US2013/027525 priority Critical patent/WO2014130044A1/fr
Priority to TW103105884A priority patent/TW201503050A/zh
Publication of WO2014130044A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014130044A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/275—Image signal generators from 3D object models, e.g. computer-generated stereoscopic image signals

Definitions

  • THREE DIMENSIONAL DATA VISUALIZATION Background OQtl Data ' vi ualiz tions may be used to illustrate reistsons ps between datasets, These visualizations ma organise and present the data in a variety of ways to alow a viewer to better understand the data. Visualizations typically have practical limits regarding the amount of date that can be shown as well as ⁇ constr i ts ' o the arrangement of d ta, A visualization that shows oo much data, for example, ma ecome v sttal!y cfy tiered and difficult for a vie er to process. Similarly; a .visualization that indudes too many different types of data may prevent relationships between the different types torn being observed by the iewe .
  • Figure 1 is a lock diagram illustrating one example of a. th e - dimensional f3D) data visualization processing environment
  • I0003J Figur 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of method for generati g a 30 dais visuailzaiiorr
  • Figure 3 Is a schematic diagram illustrating one .example of a 3D data visualisation with axes radiating from a surface.:
  • Figure 4 is s "' sdieniatie diagram illustrating one example of a 3D data visualization with axes radiating fern a Sine.
  • Figure ⁇ is a schematic diagram illustrating- -ana example of a 3D data; vlsyalkaion with axes radiating from a point,
  • Figure ⁇ Is a block diagram Illustrating- a processing system
  • tf*a term 3 ⁇ 4isps r * refers to the difference in image location of an object seen by the left an the flight eyes
  • axis and '"primary axis refer to a one ⁇ teensional contour ⁇ eg, 5 . straight carved, or piecewise finear line)
  • a thiea-din nsions coordinate s ace that is based on a function of fne values of the am or more primary variable
  • the fimctoi may be the identity function in some exampl s,
  • the term "global reference'' refers to a -planar or a nan-planar surface, a straight or curved line, or a point In a mree-dimsnsional coordinate space.
  • Ttie term 'Yepreseniatiorr refers to a one, t o, or three-dimensional is a e in a triree ⁇ dimenai ⁇ «al coordinate space that Is based on a function of the yajyes of the one or more secondary variables in ultidimensional data.
  • the function may be the identity fu notion In soma examples,
  • connection ref rs to 3 ⁇ 4 ne, two, or three-dimemiqinal
  • f unction may be the Iderttty f unction in some examples,
  • the primary and secondary variables may overlap In somea amp!ee ⁇
  • the environment forms the axes and representations using visua e ements that inc!yde disparity and generates stereoscopic image pairs that produce a 3D data visualization when di played by 3D display sys em, fOOf 6J
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram Illustrating one exam le of a three- dimensional
  • Environment 10 includes a 3D data vlsualfear 0 that processes multi-dimensional data 30, a prima y variable selection 42 s a seconda ry variable sel ction 44, a reference selectio 4 ⁇ :f and viewpoint inputs- 48 to generat a set SO of ste eosco ic Image pairs 50(1 S0(% whe e N is an integer that is gre ter tftan or equa to o e, dlsplayabie to produce Fabrice ⁇ ime sio at data visualization of selected porticos of royitl-dlmensiorial data 30, Environment 10 -ma be implemented using one or mom processing systems (e.g. t5 a processing system 100 shown in Figu e 6 and described In additional detail below).
  • mom processing systems e.g. t5 a processing system 100 shown in Figu
  • Multidimensio al data 30 is structured and / or unstructured dataset that includes at least two variables.
  • Primary variable selection 42 is n input ' that .identifies a set oi one: or more primary variables in multidimensional, data 30 for forming axes,.
  • n ary variable selection 42 may identify absolute or re ative time as a primary variably and axes may be formed bas d on absolute -or ' relative time.
  • Primar variable se ectio 42 may also identify one or more functions to be applied to the values of tne set of primary variables t form the axes.
  • Secondary variable selection 44 is an input that identifies a. se of one or more secondary varia les ' in multidimensional data 30 for forming representations along ax s.. Secondary variable selection 44 may also Identify one or more -functions to he applied to the set of secondary variables to form the representations, Secondary variable selection 44 may further identify one or more connection variables in muMmensional data 30 that ma be used In generating connections between corresponding representations of ' secondary variables a described in additional dotal ⁇ elow. Secondar variable selection 44 may also identify one or room lyoe ons to be applied to trie connection variables to form the representations,.
  • Reference selection 48 is an input that identifies a global reference m a fireedimenslonal coordinate space for mapping axes.
  • Reference selection 48 may Identify the global reference as a plana or a non-planar surface, a straight or curved line, or a point In the three-dimensional coordinate space.
  • Reference selection 6 may also identify o e or more arrangement variables in multidimensional data 30 that may be us d m generating m ®rrar3 ⁇ 4ement of the axes as de c ibed in addit al detail below *
  • Reference selection ' 46 may further ide tify one or mora functions to be a l ed to the set of arrangement variables to orm an arrangement
  • 3D data vtsuallzer 20 includes an axis arr gement unit 22, a secondary variable representation unit 24 :f and a viewpoint generator 26, The functions csf axis arrangement unif. 22. secondary variable re resen atjon unit 24, sM viewpoint generator 26 will be described wih reference to Figure 2, w sch Is a flowchart illustrating an example of method for generating a 3D ' data vssualizaiion.
  • t axis -arrangement uh3 ⁇ 4 22 forms an arrang eriient. of axes in a three ⁇ -imensioosl coordinate space such thai the axes radiat frorn a global reference, identified &y reference selection 46, in the three-dimensional coordinate space as Indicated in a block S2.
  • Axis is a global reference, identified &y reference selection 46, in the three-dimensional coordinate space as Indicated in a block S2.
  • arrangement unit 2 2 forms the axes based on trie set of primary variables and a y functions of t e primary variables identified by primary variable selection 42, For example, a3 ⁇ 4s arrangement unit 22 may form xes based on absolute or relative- time. Axis arrangement unit 22 forms the ' arrangement b mapping the positio and ' orientation of the ax s in the three-dimensional coordinate space.. Axis -arrangement unit 22 does m such that each axis radiates from the global reference and either Intersects or ootid foe extended to Intersect t ie glob l reference!-. Accordingly, axis arrangement unit 22 may specify the position and orientation of each axis based on the actual or theoretical intersection with the global reference arid direction: of the axis with respect to th actual or
  • Axis arrangement unit 22 may form the arrangement based on one or more arrangement variables and any functions of the arrangement variables specified by reference selection 6, Axis arrangement unit 22 selects the position and orientation of each axis in the threa ⁇ dlroen3 ⁇ 4ionat coordinate space usin the arran3 ⁇ 4femerit variables and an functions
  • the e arrangement ' variables may be longitude- and latitude or dies
  • nd axis ar a gement nil 22 may place axes in the arrangement such that the axes correspond to longitude a d latitude o cities
  • axis arrangement unit 22 m y distribute the axes in the three-dimensional coordinate s ace based oi the results of art analytic ⁇ function (e.g> dim nsion reduction) or a .clustering function that Identifies relationships hat se the axes.
  • a s arrang ent nt 22 uses disparity as an Integral variable to allow a viewer of a .3D data visualization that Includes the arrang m nt.! ⁇ perceive differences in depth etwe n th ax s, Axis arrangement unit 22 may also use time varying disparity to allow viewers to move through the 3D data visualization em h sising different depths. Axis a rangem t unit 22 ma perform a 3D dat analysis in forming the
  • the 3D data analysis evaluates t e ty e, size, and f or date anges of the primary variables for the axes well as ete nal factors such as display size and resoty3 ⁇ 4oh and viewer distance from the display screen.
  • axis arrangemen unit 22 may select and optimize the visual elements ' used to form ' the arrangement Including- the position a d / or orientation of the global reference in the three -dimensional coordinate space and / or the number,: length, position,, of entatloft, color, thickness, transparency,, and or data ang of each axis, B doing so, axis arrangement unit: 22 select the combination of visual elements for the arrangement!® minimize
  • Secondary variable representation -unit 24 selects the local references on each .of the axes where a representation of a secondary variable is to be included. Secondary ' variable representation unit 24 forms the representations based on the set of secondary variables and any functions of th secondary variables identified fey secondary variable selection 44..
  • secondary variable representatio unit 24 maps the position and orientation of th representations n the three-dimensional coordinate space ⁇ 028J Secondary variable representation unit 24 form® each re resentation: as a one, two, or empe ⁇ dimensional sha e based m the secondary variables and any functions of the secondary aria les using visual elements such as sl3 ⁇ 4. color, transparency, position, orientation da ta ra ge,, and / or motion.
  • Sec d ry variable representation ynlt 2 may selec the- lsiisl elements based on the m gnitude of the values, of on or more of the secondary variables.
  • secondary variable representation unit 24 may form a representation as an ellipsoid here tie size of the ellipsoid -depends OR the magntode of the values of one or more of the secondary variables.
  • secondary variable representation unit 24 may form a representation to include an offshoot that a ates at a selected angle from a focal reference where the si e of the offshoot or another shape at the end of the offshoot- depends on the magnitude of ..the values of one or more of tie secondary variables.
  • t- Secondary variable representation unit 24 may also change re essio s .over tme to represent an additional secondary variable. Motion-based, and or tim varying
  • representations ' may foe particularly useful because of the-senslttvify ' . ⁇ ? the human visual system to motion .
  • secondar variable representation unit 24 uses disparity a an integral variable to allow a viewer of a 3D da a visyafl!ation that, i cludes tlie representatlone to perceive differences In de th between the representatohs ' .
  • Secondary variable representation unit 24 m perform a 3D dat analysis In forming the arrangement to determine m optimal amount of disparity to includ fo the representations, The 30 data analysis evaluates the type, size, and / or data ranges of the secondary variables for th axes. Based on the analysis., secondary variabl representation unit 24 may select and optimize the visual elements used to form the representations Including the shape, size., position, orientation, motion, and or dale ange of each representation.
  • secondary ariable representation unit 24 select the coiti tetai of visual elements for the representations -to mi imize overcrowding n the vistialization nd maximize the exploitation of human binocular vision and stereopsis.
  • Secondary variable representation unit 24 forms connections- In the tnree-dirnensionai coo di ate space bet en representations n different xes.
  • Secondary variable representation unit ' 24 forms each connection as a one, two, or th e -dime sion l s ape based ' lOiVthe connectors variables and any functions of t e connection variables using visual elements such as size, color, transparency, position, orientation, motion, and / or ata range.
  • variable representation unit 24 maps the position and orientation of the
  • secondary variable representation unit 24 uses disparity as an integral variable to alow a viewer of a 3D data visualisation that includes the connections to perceive differences in depth between the connections and or representations.
  • Secondary v riable representation unit 24 ma perform a 3D data analysis In forming the arrangement to determine an optimal amount of disparity to Include for the ' c n ctio ⁇
  • the 3D data analysis evaluates the ty e, ske, and / or data ranges of the secondary variables- for e axes..
  • seco dary variable- representation unit 24 ma
  • seco dary variable representation unit 24 selects the .combination of visual elements for the connections to lo mlEe
  • the primary and secondary variables described above provide -first and second levels of data representations using the global and local references, respectively.
  • Any number of- additonal levels of- data representations may also fee added to a 3D data visualization by defining successive leve of references based on a previous lev ⁇ ! of reference * f r example, a third level reference may e d fined sed on a local reference ( e.. s a second level reference) and representations may e formed ased on-tertiary variables and mapped relative to the third level reference In the three-ctteensiopai coordinate space.
  • a representation nit (not shown) that ' forms representations for the additional levels of data
  • representations may selectivel include or e lude all or portions of the additional levels of data representations in a 3D data visualization based on a 30 data analysis as described above.
  • Viewpoint generator 26 generates one or more Image pairs SO to include the ar angement of axes, representations a ong the axes, and • co nexions between the representations as indicated
  • Viewpoint generator 28 generates each image pair SO to. include left and right Images- thai are dis iayaMe by a 3D display system to produce- a 3-D viewpoint of th# 3D data visyallzafoa
  • Viewpoint generator 26 may generate each Image pair 3 ⁇ 4 ased op the type, mm, ani configuration of the 3D display system.
  • Different Images pairs 50 may be generated to produce different 3D viewpoints with the s m 3D display system simultaneously.
  • This change in view point may help provide motion parallax as an additional depth -eye -to enhance the 3D effect if dene in sue! a way to avoid viewer side effects.
  • viewpoint generator 26 may .generate additional views for each image pair 50 to provide n O mare images for each v ew.
  • [80333 3D data visusMzer 20 receives viewpoint Inputs 48 and generates images p3 ⁇ 4irs 50 based on viewpoint inputs 4-8.
  • Viewpoint inputs 48 identify one or more updates to a 3D data visualization that allo a viewer to select, control, and manipulate data or the orientation of the 3D data visualization-. The selection of date may cause one or mor levels of data representations to be added or removed from a SO data viayal aton, for example, -Viewpoint inputs 48 may be received from a y sylla le user interface debtee and may tak the form of 3D gestures or other in ut modalities.
  • 30 data visualizer 20 updates the arrangement of a es, repre entations along the axes,, and or connections mong the representations ased on vie oint Inputs 48 and generates u dated Images pairs 60 that reflect yie poW inputs 48.
  • .3D data visuaiteer 20 may a id one, tw * or three- dimensional visual guWe lo a 3D data visualization to assist a viewer wth selecting or h ghlighting d ta the visualization.
  • pari ally transparent lines, surfaces, or shapes ma be used to highlight data ranges in va ious visualizations .
  • 3D data visuatizar 20 may m ke the axes, re r sentat ons:, and or connections time ⁇ varying oy -generate a memorized ge pairs 50 for successive display o form a time varying 3D data
  • oscillations, flow Indicators and vapor trail effects may be used to- highlight changes of selected data over time.
  • Figure 3 Is a schematic diagram illustrating one -example of a 3D data isualisation 60 wit : axes 64(1 jHB4 ⁇ 6). radiating from a global reference that Is a surface 82 In the x-y plane In a t ifee-dlmenslonai coordinate space 61.
  • Visualization 60 is based on a: *com*Hefef model where axes 84f 1 *64(6) based on one or more primary variables radiate, from surface 82: In parallel in the z « direction.
  • Axes 64(1 ⁇ &4(2) and -64 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 84 ⁇ 8) originate at surface 82 and.,, thus, intersect surface 62,
  • Axis 64(3) Is offset: from surface 62 fte., d es not intersect surface 62 ⁇ hut would intersect surface 62 if extended toward surface 6:2 as Indicated by a dashed line 67.
  • 3D representations 86 are formed at various local references (l,e v; points ⁇ along each axis 64(1 )-$4( ⁇ ) where a size of each 3D representation 66 -corresponds to a magnitude of one or more values of one or more secondary variables.
  • a connection 68(1 ⁇ is formed between representations 88 on axes 84 ⁇ 1) ⁇ 64(2 ⁇ . t and a connection 88(2) is formed between representations $8 on axes $4($ ⁇ 64(4)
  • Connections ma also be formed between points o axes 84 that do . not include a representation 8i (not shown) or etween a representation 88 on o e axis 64 and a point that does not nclude a representation another "axi 64 (not shown).
  • The. armngementt of axes 64(1 ) ⁇ 64( ⁇ ) In visualization 80 may re ot a ma ing of axes ⁇ 4(1) ⁇ 8 (6) bated on n ⁇ of more arrangement variables and any associated functions of the arrangement variables.
  • axes 64(1 ⁇ -S4f8) may be plotted In the x-y l ne ased on trie arrangement variables.
  • the grouping of axes 64(1 -64(3) and axes S44 -64 ) into clusters in trie x-y plane may be based on a clustering or other data analysis function.
  • Figure 4 is a sc ematic diagr m illustrating one example of a 3D data vi ualiz tio 70: with axes 74f l ⁇ -74(3) radiatin from a global reference that Is a line 72 that extends in the x direction in a three-dimensional coordinate space 71.
  • Visualization 70 is based on a ube* model where axes 74(1 >74(3) based on one or mo e primary variables radiate from fine 72 in various y and ' 2.
  • Axes 74 ⁇ 1>74(3) originate at line 72 and, ttius,. intersect line 72, In other ex mples, other axes ma he offset from line 7 (te, t may not Intersect- line 72) hut would intersect line 72 if extended toward f ine ?2 (not shown).
  • 3D mp sseniations 76 are formed at various local references (l ., points) along eacti axis 74(1)-?4 ⁇ 3) to include offshoots 7 that radiate from the local eferences at defined angles in a corresponding plane (or in -three dimensions in other examples not shown) that Is ⁇ orthogonal to the or es onding axis 74(1 ) » 74(3),
  • the defined- angles may correspond to different ones of the secondary variables.
  • the end of each offshoot 77 included a further re resentation 78 where a size of the
  • each offshoot 77 ⁇ may each correspond to a magnitude of one or more valyes of one or mo e secondary variables,: [004 1
  • the arrangement of axes 74(1 74(3) in visualisation 70 may reflect a map ing of axes ?4f1)-?4 ⁇ 3) based on one or more arrangement variables and any associated functions of the arrangement variables, For ex m e, es 74(1
  • SO e mS'Sntalo s 88 are formed at various local referonces points) alo gt each axis 84(1 H?4( ) whe e: a size of each 3D represeniatiors 86 corresponds to a magnitude of on or more values of one or more secondary variables- in the exam le of Figure ⁇ , In other examples, offshoots may be used a! each local mfemnc ⁇ to illustrate additional secondary variables,
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a processing system 100 .configured to implement 3D dat visualization r c ing environment 10 shown !n Fig e 1).
  • Processing system 100 ncludes a set of one or more processors 10S and any sulabie number of input / output devices 10i, display devices 108, and or communication de ices 110, Processors 102, memory system 104 5 input / output devices 108, display devices 108,. and
  • communication devices 110 communicate- using a set of interconnections 112 that Inc udes any suitab e type, number., and or configuration of controllers, usts, interfaces, and or other wired or wireless connections.
  • 04SJ Processing system 100 represents- any duti ble processing device, or orta of a distributed processing devic , configured to Implement t e functions of 3D data visuafizer 20 as. described above.
  • a processing. device may be a laptop com uter, , a tablet com ter * a desktop computer * a server, or another su ta le type of c m uter system.
  • a rocessing device ay also be mo-oile telephone with roces ing capabilities (i.e., a smart phone)., a digital still and / or video/came a, a persdiiat digital assistant (FDA), m audio yl eo .de ice, o anot er suitable type of electronic device wit processing capabilities.
  • FDA persdiiat digital assistant
  • P ocessiftg capabifies refer to the ility of a device to execute instructions stored in memor 104 3 ⁇ 4b at least one processor 102.
  • Each processor 02 is conf gu ed to. access and ax cute instructions stored in memor sy tem 04.
  • Each processor 102 may execute- the- instructions in conjunction with or in response to information received from input / output devices 106, display devices 108, arid / or communication devices 110.
  • Each processor 102 is also configured to access and store date in memory system 104,
  • e ory system 104 includes any suitable type, number, and configuration of volatile or nonv latile ' machine-rea able storage media
  • machine-readable., storage- edia In memory system 104 include hard disk drives, random access memory (RAP), read only memor (ROM), flash memor drives and cards, and other suitable types of magnetic and or optical disks.
  • RAP random access memory
  • ROM read only memor
  • flash memor drives and cards and other suitable types of magnetic and or optical disks.
  • the machine-readable storage medi are considered to be part of an article or ' article of ma «y3 ⁇ 4e re,- An article or article of manufacture refers to one- or more manufactured components.
  • Memory system 104 stores 30 dat vlsualizer 20, multi-dimensional data 30, primary.varable selection 42, secondary; variable selection 44, reference selection 46, viewpoint inputs: 43, and image pairs 50,.
  • 3D data viauat!zer 20 includes ins r ictioios that, when executed by processors 1 2, causes p ocessors 102 to perform the functions described a ove with referertca to. Figure i ⁇ S to generate 3D data visualizations,
  • Input / output devices 106 ⁇ include n suitable type, number, and configuration of nput Qutputd ' evlce configured to ⁇ instructions and / or data from a user to processing system i GO and output instructions and or data from processing system 100 to the user.
  • Examples of input output devices 106 include a oyichsc een, buttons, dials, knobs, .switches, a kay3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ i3 ⁇ 4 s a mouse, a touehpad,. and a 3D gesture control system.
  • Display devices 108 include any suitable type, um er., and configuration of display devils conjured to output image, textual, and / or graphical Information to a oser of processing s stem 100, Examples of display devices 108 include a d splay ome , a monitor, a d a ofofao r. Display devices T S may form a 3D display system in some embodim nt to display Im ge p irs SO to produce tn@ 3D data visualizato s
  • Communications devices 110 ine de an suitable type, number, and or configuration of communications devices configured to ' allow processing system 100 to communicate .across one or more- wired or wireless networks, orts, or connections,
  • Communications devices 1 to may b used by processing system 100 to provide image pairs 50 to one or more a 3D display systems f not shown) in some examples.
  • im ge pairs SO may be provided to a largo scale, high resolution, scalable 3D display system that includes two or mor projectors and a display surface.
  • the display screen may be S -slze (e,g, 5 11 feet wide b 6 feet tall) and include fou:f commodlfy «off-» »e»- shelf projectors driven by a workstation, A content system that, forms
  • processing system 100 derives end fenders the different stereoscopic visualisations in side-by-side format for the display.
  • This, platform can scale Ins output to different resolutions and sees.
  • Th - interaction control software including possible gestu ing and view oint manipulation, runs on the same content system.
  • the size; .resolution, a d aspect ratio of the 3D dis lay system Is scalable and dependent on the application. For instance, ft may be desirable to view the 3D data visuai3 ⁇ 4atio «s or? a dou te- sde 2xHD (3340x1080) 30 ds la ' screen to provide sufficient res lute* to see c ntent sid >y ⁇ sld o

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de génération d'une visualisation de données tridimensionnelles à partir de données multidimensionnelles, qui comprend la formation d'un agencement d'axes dans un espace de coordonnées tridimensionnelles, de manière que les axes rayonnent à partir d'une référence globale dans l'espace de coordonnées tridimensionnelles où les axes sont basés sur une variable primaire dans les données multidimensionnelles. Le procédé consiste également à former une représentation dans l'espace de coordonnées tridimensionnelle pour des références locales sur chacun des axes où chacune des représentations est basée sur une variable secondaire dans les données multidimensionnelles et à générer une paire d'images pour inclure l'agencement et les représentations, de manière que la paire d'images puisse être affichée pour produire la visualisation de données tridimensionnelles.
PCT/US2013/027525 2013-02-23 2013-02-23 Visualisation de données tridimensionnelles Ceased WO2014130044A1 (fr)

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TW103105884A TW201503050A (zh) 2013-02-23 2014-02-21 三維資料視覺化技術

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