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WO2014125156A1 - Système avec réacteurs à passage optique différencié pour la culture en masse de microorganismes photosynthétiques - Google Patents

Système avec réacteurs à passage optique différencié pour la culture en masse de microorganismes photosynthétiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014125156A1
WO2014125156A1 PCT/ES2014/070112 ES2014070112W WO2014125156A1 WO 2014125156 A1 WO2014125156 A1 WO 2014125156A1 ES 2014070112 W ES2014070112 W ES 2014070112W WO 2014125156 A1 WO2014125156 A1 WO 2014125156A1
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reactors
photosynthetic microorganisms
culture
units
support
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Spanish (es)
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Sergio Sendra Perez
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/48—Holding appliances; Racks; Supports
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/58—Reaction vessels connected in series or in parallel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/06—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of illumination

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system with differentiated optical step reactors that has been designed for the mass culture of photosynthetic microorganisms, and is particularly, but not exclusively, intended for the cultivation of microalgae and, specifically for the cultivation of nanoalgae and picoalgae, of cellular diameters between 20.0 and 2.0 ⁇ m the first and less than 2.0 ⁇ m the second, with the purpose of obtaining high amounts of biomass, with the main source of carbon being greenhouse gases (CO 2 , CO, CH 4 , low density hydrocarbons, sulfur and nitrogen components) of entropic origin.
  • greenhouse gases CO 2 , CO, CH 4 , low density hydrocarbons, sulfur and nitrogen components
  • Microorganisms for culture are preferred from the taxonomic families Chlorophyceae, Prasinophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, Dinophyceae, Bacilliariophyceae, Haptophycea, Chryptophyceae, although the use of other phytoplanktonic or zooplanktonic organisms is not excluded.
  • the unicellular and multicellular species of the Prokaryotic kingdom, Cyanophyta division can also be cultivated in this type of bioreactors.
  • Microalgae are ubiquitous cellular organisms that can grow autotrophically and heterotrophically. They require CO 2 , N 2 , P, K, Mg and other nutrients for their growth, fixing solar energy and CO 2 to produce biomass, from which it is possible to isolate different metabolites to be used in food, pharmacy and other industrial applications, such as obtaining second generation biofuels.
  • reactors for the cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms, in which a biologically active environment is maintained to optimize the growth rate of the crop.
  • These productive units commonly called reactors, bioreactors or photo-bioreactors, require agitation of the crop, exposure to light, natural or artificial, and periods of shade for photosynthesis to be carried out and include means of feeding, evacuation and circulation of the liquid in the enclosures that configure them, in addition to means that facilitate aeration and injection of polluting gases and, where appropriate, control automatisms that regulate the crop.
  • Reactors for the cultivation of microorganisms they are usually built with materials that let light through so that in their inside photosynthesis can occur. These receptacles are built with glass, polycarbonates or other transparent or translucent materials, adopting any noticeably regular, flattened, cylindrical shape, Prismatic, among other forms. In them, the cells receive more energy bright, the photon capture capacity is increased and the radiant energy during photosynthesis. At low intensity levels luminous the speed of photosynthesis increases with the intensity of light although incident energy levels above a certain value induce small changes in photon capture capacity, given saturation of the photosystem that ensues in each organism, deteriorating the culture. With increasing photon flux, the efficiency of light use.
  • Thin microorganisms are considered to be approximately all cells attracted and exposed to light receive the same amount of light, but when it comes to cultures with a high cell density, or with a layer of considerable amplitude, other phenomena occur whose succession forces that the cells receive a certain amount of light according to their position. So, in crops in reactors with some depth, a gradient of lighting due to the attenuation of energy when passing through the suspension mobile. In addition, there is a dilution of light by the shadow that they project some cells over others, so that the position of the cells in each instantly determines the intensity of light to which they are exposed and therefore Photosynthesis is inhibited or limited.
  • the transverse distance a photon must travel to crossing a reactor is called the 'optical path'. Its magnitude is determined according to the type of reactor, for example in a plate reactor is determined by the separation between them and in a tubular reactor by the tube diameter Increasing the optical path involves reducing the volume illuminated in relation to the volume not illuminated in the reactor, because in all culture systems the cells closest to the surface illuminated prevent the penetration of light into the culture medium and produce a shading effect on the cells farthest from the surface.
  • Several trials agree that by reducing the trajectory of the light you get a significant increase in optimal cell density and the specific speed of growth.
  • WO 2005059087 describes a photo-bioreactor of multiple layers that simplifies the culture of a photosynthetic microorganism and economizes obtaining useful metabolites by applying the same light source at the same time for both stages.
  • the photo-bioreactor includes a first zone of culture containing the microorganisms in a culture medium suitable for favor its vegetative development and a second cultivation area formed on the lateral surface of the first cultivation zone that narrowly delimits one side of the first zone and contains a culture medium and microorganisms for metabolite production.
  • the two growing areas are separated each other by a transparent partition to allow the passage of light, which hinders its manageability.
  • An object of the invention is to stimulate development vegetative and increase the production of biomass in the system through the arrangement of reactors with different optical pitch in the same cluster in which are organized by pairs of equal optical path in a support vertical with respect to which they can oscillate, so that their oscillation before earthquakes, winds or other phenomena avoid breakage or breakage in the themselves and prevent leaks of their contents, each pair of reactors suspended at different level in the support according to its different optical pitch and so that the pairs of reactors with the lowest optical pitch occur in the vicinity of the base of the support and successively arranged at higher levels in the support the ones with the highest optical pitch, being also unipersonally manipulable the reactors for incorporation or removal of its support, allowing, in its case, the combination of reactors and reservoirs of different configuration.
  • Another object of the invention is to improve the injection and diffusion of the air and gases in the reactors, trying to reduce the working pressure from 1 kg / cm 2 to 0.2 kg / cm 2 in the injection of gases into the system, as well as the reduction of the injection flow, from 3 or 4 liters / minute at present to 1 liter / minute, so that the culture conditions are optimized.
  • the invention provides a system, which includes at least a first plurality of productive units, or reactors, which contain a culture medium and a microorganism capable of grow vegetatively in the culture medium, at least one additional plurality of productive units with greater optical pitch, superiorly arranged and separated from said first plurality of productive units for continue the vegetative development of the organism grown in the units productive of said first plurality of productive units, both, first plurality of productive units and at least one additional plurality of productive units, exposed to sunlight or a source at the same time of artificial light or a combination of both.
  • the system consists of a series of productive units independent of each other, materialized in reactors of plates to be handled by a single individual, with an average surface area of exposure to light commonly acceptable to optimize photosynthesis and with optical steps of different magnitude, depending on their presumable use in the system and as intended to achieve high productivity in development vegetative, or the concentration or storage of the crop is intended prior to collection.
  • Facing seismic movements, winds or others natural phenomena and in order to avoid damage or breakage not desired and consequent crop losses, in the proposed system provides that the productive units are willing, at different levels and in pairs, on support crossbars or on hangers arranged on struts or other vertical supports, or between struts anchored to the ground, suspended at spaced intervals, although so that they can oscillate.
  • the pairs of productive units are arranged in the struts in increasing order of passage optical, so that the pairs of productive units with greater optical pitch they result in the highest zone of the same, or in the highest zone between same if placed between struts, and in decreasing order of optical path successively towards its base where the amount or intensity of light is less received
  • the height of the struts is expected in the range of ten to twelve meters, anticipating the incorporation in them of at least four units productive and, preferably, eight productive units, so that the crop can be transported by gravity and, where appropriate, by pumping, between the upper and lower productive units.
  • the modular support units constituted by the productive units and the support struts allow to be incorporated into the land, be it an outdoor space, enclosure, or building, in any arrangement and orientation, although preferably oriented to the source of light chosen, natural, artificial or combination of both, and in accordance with the intended crop production and with the purpose that a sensible increase of the crop with respect to conventional systems can be achieved.
  • the modular support units may be arranged aligned along any geometric line, open or closed, and, even in pyramidal, octagonal, etc. arrangements.
  • the modular units are connected to each other, although intercommunication is only established between the production units of the same level, through corresponding facilities, lines or pipes that facilitate the supply and distribution of aeration, water recirculation and polluting gases CO, CO 2 , NO 2 , SH 2 , or nitrosamines of the atmospheric environment.
  • Communication between the productive units located at different levels in the modular support units is carried out by means of shunts that allow the crop to be transported to centralized units in the system, for example specific reactors to be used as reservoirs.
  • the reservoirs they are preferred as concentric tube reactors closed at their ends by means of covers with concentric grooves provided in correspondence with the positioning of the tubes and equivalent diameter, although greater.
  • covers with concentric grooves provided in correspondence with the positioning of the tubes and equivalent diameter, although greater.
  • push rings that, independent of each other, can be attached to the covers to act on the seals, deforming and forcing them against the respective tube walls.
  • the thrust rings are configured with a thrust flange of proximal section and adaptable to the groove of lace, with an oblique surface that favors sliding and, in the way usual, provided with a peripheral belt for fixing to the respective top.
  • Another aspect of the invention is the injection of pollutant gases into the general aeration line, which is resolved in the proposed system so that it not only allows to reduce or vary the working pressures in the general line from 0.2 kg / cm 2 , but also tolerates flows of less than 3 or 4 liters per minute that are common in regular injectors, reaching one liter per minute.
  • the optimization in the mixture of gases and air needs to reduce and vary its pressure or its flow at the entrance to the general aeration conduit so that it can be carried out in the reactors preferably from 0.2 bar to torque and between the two pairs and up to 4 bars in the semi-cylindrical and cylindrical reactors, and with flow rates between 0.5 liters and 20 liters per minute, compared to conventional systems based on pressures of one bar or higher and since, in addition , centrifugal pumps and non-return valves are usually used to inject the gases into the general aeration line, the use of the gas injector that the invention advocates, essentially composed of two cylinders, in which the main cylinder is fed by the fluid in the general driving while the other cylinder helps in the displacements of its piston.
  • micro-diffusers that, in the form of plates, bands or mats, are usually used as a source of air injection in the reactors, provide micro-diffusers specifically designed for more agitation efficient of the culture medium inducing a reduced cutting effort not aggressive against cells, preferably tubular poles to be longitudinally arranged on the bottom of the reactors and provided with micro-holes, cuts, sectioning or slots of tiny size and Sufficiently suitable for energy transfer.
  • the poles can be, include or be formed with a micro-porous mesh.
  • Figure 1 is an elevation view that, so schematic, shows a reactor of the system
  • Figure 2 is a profile view of a reactor in the system, in correspondence with figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is an elevational view that, so schematically, illustrates a modular reactor support unit in the system
  • Figure 4 is a profile view of the unit modular reactor support, in correspondence with figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view that, of schematically, it shows an orderly arrangement on the ground of a plurality of alignments of light-oriented modular support units solar;
  • Figure 6 is a diagram showing the conduction general air and gas and its distribution to different adjacent reactors in same level
  • Figure 7 is a diagram showing the conduction of circulation of the crop and the entrances and exits of the crop in different adjacent reactors on the same level;
  • Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the gas injector.
  • Figure 9 schematically shows the adjustment of airtightness in the lower portion of a reservoir.
  • the system with differentiated optical step reactors for mass culture of photosynthetic microorganisms comprises a series of materialized productive units, according to the example proposed and illustrated in figures 1 and 2, with plate reactors (1, 2 and 3) whose average surface of exposure to light has been chosen from a range between 0.5 and 1 square meters and that offer optical steps of different magnitude according to better illustrates and completes figure 5: for example, reactors (1) are chosen with an optical pitch between 10 and 25 mm constituting the productive units with whose use is intended to achieve high productivity in development crop vegetative; the reactors (2) have been selected with one step optical between 30 to 40 mm to constitute the productive units to be used in crop concentration; and the reactors (3), chosen with an optical step between 50 and 100 mm in order to constitute the units production that must store the crop developed prior to its pick up
  • the reactors (1, 2 and 3) are built with a methacrylate body (4), although it can also be built with any other rigid or flexible material chosen from polycarbonates, polyethylenes, fiberglass or other material that ensures the brightness optimization through it.
  • the body (4) has preferred prismatic vertical tubular configuration compared to others configurations, such as cylindrical, that could also be used.
  • the upper and lower body bases (4) are respectively closed by a upper cover (5) and by a lower cover (6) that prevent grooves internal perimetral for adaptation, with the interposition of joints of tightness of the extreme edges of the body (4).
  • the top cover (5) of Each production unit provides pressure reliefs or safety valves (7) and an inlet for the culture connectable to an inlet conduit (8) of crop, indicated in figure 7, in addition to hooks (9) to facilitate its individual hanging and allow its pendulum swing on the support to which it goes to be destined, for example when driven by the wind or before any Another eventuality.
  • the lower cover (6) has inlets (10) for the gases on two of its sides which communicate the ends of a micro-diffuser (11), equipped with openings, grooves or holes for the best distribution of the gases inside the body (4), in addition to providing an underpass (12) for the exit of the crop and indicated in figure 7.
  • Both covers (5) and (6) are relate to each other by studs (13) and nuts (14) for better approach between the two in order to achieve an adequate tightness of their content.
  • the pairs of productive units (1, 1), (2, 2) and (3, 3) are organized, at different levels and in increasing order of passage optical, hung on the same vertical support unit so that the productive units (3, 3) of greater optical pitch are observed in the most high of the support unit, decreasing the optical step of the units to as they are arranged closer to the base of it.
  • the unit of support shown in the example, is a strut (16) that is provided with crossbars or arms (17), transversely arranged at regular intervals at along it and which is anchored to the ground, for example, by means of anchors tighten for concrete (not shown) that hold it by its base and so it is kept upright with heights that can reach 12 meters.
  • the productive units to be arranged at different levels are hung by their hooks (9), one to one, in the corresponding crossbars (17), for example starting at the upper level with the incorporation of the units (3), following the level immediately with the units (2) and ending at the bottom with the incorporation of the units (1) in order to form a modular unit of support. Subsequently and where appropriate, we proceed to incorporate the different crop control systems and additional and necessary for complete the system
  • An alternative system installation solution (not shown) consists of having a variable number of units of support or struts (16) equidistant from each other and insert between them productive units, supported by supports that allow their oscillation free and independent, so that each level is occupied by a single productive unit of different optical pitch.
  • the arrangement ordered in the field of a plurality of unit alignments modular support oriented to sunlight allows to support, installed as said, winds exceeding 120 km / h, given that the units productive do not offer wind resistance but can oscillate following the force of the wind
  • Such modular groupings prevent the action of seismic movements up to 7 or 8 degrees on the Richter scale or the action of other geological, atmospheric, or other phenomena, cause mismatch or rupture of the units and their production.
  • the scheme depicted in Figure 6 illustrates the general conduction (18) of compressed air and gases in its distribution to a plurality of reactors of the same optical pitch (1), (2) or (3) located at the same level in an alignment of modular support units, showing the organs opening and closing, stopcocks, valves or solenoid valves (19) that the connect with auxiliary conduits (20) that ensure the passage of fluid inside each reactor through the inlets (10) in the corresponding lower covers (6) and whose excess will go outside through of the spillways (7).
  • the scheme depicted in figure 8 illustrates the gas injector provided in the system recommended by the invention, showing the pneumatic cylinder of absorption and impulsion of gases (26) connected by (27) to the auxiliary pneumatic cylinder (28) impeller of the main pneumatic cylinder (26) and the gas inlet (18) by non-return valves (29) that control the opening or closing depending on the pressure differential existing on both sides of the circuit.
  • the auxiliary pneumatic cylinder (28) is actuated by the five-way solenoid valve (30) with open centers commanded by a button or by a gas meter by probe and regulated by automaton,
  • a flowmeter (31) determines the volume of gas that is injected into the reactors, a pressure reducer (32) regulates the pressure in the injection and a wrench bypass (33) inserted between the pressure reducer (32) and the non-return valve (29) controls the gas outlet.
  • the grooves (37) include an oblique surface (40), which extends with positive inclination from the outside and extends in a short vertical section that becomes a horizontal section (41) of support for the joint (42) and descends vertically, approaching the surface vertical (43), to which the periphery of the immediate tube (34 or 35) adapts, to the bottom (38) of the grooves, setting next to the vertical surface (43) the fitting groove of the tube mouth (34 or 35).
  • the rings (44) and (45) incorporate an annular girdle (46) with holes (47) for the passage of the screws to be threaded into the holes (39) next to the grooves (37) and include a flange (48), noticeable in the ring rim (44) and around the ring (45), whose crown (49) squeezes and expands the respective O-ring (42) that presses.
  • the flange (48) has a surface (50) parallel to the axis of the thrust plane in the vicinity of the tube (34) or (35) to be fastened and a second surface (51) oblique to the thrust shaft in correspondence with the surface (40) in the groove (37) in which the tube (34) or (35) must be adapted.
  • the tightness settings described must be also considered with respect to the upper portion (not represented) of the culture column intended as a reservoir in the system.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
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Abstract

Le présent système comprend des réacteurs (1, 2, 3) de différentes volumétries contenant un milieu de culture, suspendus par paires (1,1), (2,2), (3,3) sur des unités de support (16). Les réacteurs d'une même paire (1,1), (2,2) ou (3,3) présentent un passage optique identique et sont prévus à un même niveau. Chaque paire de réacteurs est située à un niveau distinct sur l'unité de support (16), le passage optique augmentant en correspondance avec la montée de niveau. Les paires de réacteurs (1,1), (2,2), (3,3) à un même niveau sur les unités de support (16) sont en communication par l'intermédiaire d'un conduit (18), (21). Ce système comprend également un injecteur de gaz automatisé, un diffuseur et des réservoirs hermétiques.
PCT/ES2014/070112 2013-02-15 2014-02-13 Système avec réacteurs à passage optique différencié pour la culture en masse de microorganismes photosynthétiques Ceased WO2014125156A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201330201A ES2407460B1 (es) 2013-02-15 2013-02-15 Sistema con reactores de paso óptico diferenciado para el cultivo masivo de microorganismos fotosintéticos
ESP201330201 2013-02-15

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WO2014125156A1 true WO2014125156A1 (fr) 2014-08-21

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006137808A1 (fr) * 2005-06-24 2006-12-28 Nanyang Technological University Traitement d'un flux entrant contamine au moyen d'un bioreacteur de distillation a membrane
WO2007098150A2 (fr) * 2006-02-21 2007-08-30 The Arizona Board Of Regents, A Body Corporate Acting On Behalf Of Arizona State University Photobioréacteur et son utilisation
US20080311649A1 (en) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-18 Xl Renewables, Inc. Pressurized flexible tubing system for producing Algae
US20110027875A1 (en) * 2009-07-14 2011-02-03 Paul Cathcart Inexpensive, Vertical, Production Photobioteactor
WO2011159844A2 (fr) * 2010-06-15 2011-12-22 David Shih-Wei Chou Dispositif et procédé pour culture photosynthétique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006137808A1 (fr) * 2005-06-24 2006-12-28 Nanyang Technological University Traitement d'un flux entrant contamine au moyen d'un bioreacteur de distillation a membrane
WO2007098150A2 (fr) * 2006-02-21 2007-08-30 The Arizona Board Of Regents, A Body Corporate Acting On Behalf Of Arizona State University Photobioréacteur et son utilisation
US20080311649A1 (en) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-18 Xl Renewables, Inc. Pressurized flexible tubing system for producing Algae
US20110027875A1 (en) * 2009-07-14 2011-02-03 Paul Cathcart Inexpensive, Vertical, Production Photobioteactor
WO2011159844A2 (fr) * 2010-06-15 2011-12-22 David Shih-Wei Chou Dispositif et procédé pour culture photosynthétique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HU Q ET AL.: "Combined effects of light intensity, light-path and culture density on output rate of Spirulina platensis (Cyanobacteria", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, vol. 33, 1998, pages 165 - 171, XP055270468, DOI: doi:10.1080/09670269810001736663 *

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