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WO2014120031A1 - Élément de transmission à rapport variable et système comprenant l'élément de transmission à rapport variable - Google Patents

Élément de transmission à rapport variable et système comprenant l'élément de transmission à rapport variable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014120031A1
WO2014120031A1 PCT/PT2014/000008 PT2014000008W WO2014120031A1 WO 2014120031 A1 WO2014120031 A1 WO 2014120031A1 PT 2014000008 W PT2014000008 W PT 2014000008W WO 2014120031 A1 WO2014120031 A1 WO 2014120031A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transmission element
variable ratio
ratio transmission
circular
sprocket
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/PT2014/000008
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English (en)
Inventor
Elder António Ferreira MONTEIRO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RADICAL COORDINATE UNIPESSOAL Lda
Original Assignee
RADICAL COORDINATE UNIPESSOAL Lda
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RADICAL COORDINATE UNIPESSOAL Lda filed Critical RADICAL COORDINATE UNIPESSOAL Lda
Publication of WO2014120031A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014120031A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/42—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion with gears having teeth formed or arranged for obtaining multiple gear ratios, e.g. nearly infinitely variable
    • F16H3/426—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion with gears having teeth formed or arranged for obtaining multiple gear ratios, e.g. nearly infinitely variable the teeth being arranged on a generally flat, e.g. disc-type surface

Definitions

  • VARIABLE RATIO TRANSMISSION ELEMENT AND SYSTEM COMPRISING THE VARIABLE RATIO TRANSMISSION ELEMENT
  • the present invention relates to a variable ratio transmission element and to a system comprising such transmission element.
  • the present invention applies to devices or machines which operation requires a variable ratio transmission, particularly bicycles.
  • Variable ratio transmission systems are well known in the prior art. Such systems, commonly referred to as gearboxes, are associated with machines and mechanical equipments, and allow communicating movement from a primary shaft (or drive shaft) to a secondary shaft (or output shaft).
  • gearboxes are associated with machines and mechanical equipments, and allow communicating movement from a primary shaft (or drive shaft) to a secondary shaft (or output shaft).
  • a primary shaft or drive shaft
  • secondary shaft or output shaft
  • load applied on the secondary shaft may vary significantly and abruptly during the normal operation.
  • load variations require a variable ratio transmission in order to ensure an adequate power curve in the secondary shaft in accordance with the load which is applied to it.
  • the transmission system called "derailleur” consists of multiple sprockets of different sizes, a chain and a mechanism to shift the chain from a sprocket to another.
  • This sprocket system should not be considered as a gearing system since sprockets are driven by a chain and not by other sprockets linked to one another.
  • This system requires a chain guide operated by a cable, the so-called “Bowden” cable, which is attached to a speed changer typically mounted on the handlebar.
  • This speed changer is driven by a lever operated by the cyclist. By acting upon the lever, the cyclist applies variations in the tension applied to the Bowden cable, which in turn displaces a chain guide from one position to another in order to "derail" the chain between different sprockets.
  • This system is simple, light and inexpensive. However, it needs that the cyclist keeps pedaling to allow the transmission to vary, and additionally is fragile and is susceptible to poor performance in muddy or sandy areas where its operation is sometimes impracticable.
  • the hub systems provide, in general, long service intervals and withstand adverse weather and traffic conditions.
  • the drawbacks of this system relate to their high weight and cost, as well as high complexity.
  • NuVinci 8 In a third type of variable ratio transmission, the system called NuVinci 8 features a continuously variable transmission system. This system is manufactured and made commercially available by American Fallbrook Technologies Inc. and its operation is based on an arrangement of spheres .
  • the NuVincf system uses tilting spheres positioned between the primary and secondary discs of the transmission, The oscillation of the spheres changes their contact diameters and varies the speed ratio, which provides smooth transitions for any speed.
  • the speed ratio is modified by tilting the sphere axes in a continuous manner to provide different contact radii. This design allows the transmission to vary smoothly throughout all is range of variation, whether the bike is moving or immobilized.
  • U.S. Patent 7434489 Bl entitled “Bicycle Drive System” and filed by Scranton Peter discloses a bicycle drive system including a gear front face, a gear rear face, a front guide unit, a rear guide unit, and a drive shaft coupled to a rear suspension frame by means of a rear hub and a crank shaft. System works independently of the frame. The speed changes are controlled by a speed controller. Each change of the speed controller changes both guide units (front and back) at the same time. Speed controller is preferably coupled to said guide units via a cable system. The solution presented in this patent is based on a transmission hub.
  • U.S. application N° 6155127 A entitled “Chainless Drive Mechanism” and filed by Pogson Daniel D. discloses a chainless drive mechanism, for transferring power from the pedals to the rear wheel of a bicycle.
  • the mechanism is provided with a pedal drive mechanism, a rear drive mechanism to rotate the rear wheel of a bicycle and a drive shaft extending between said drive mechanisms.
  • Each of the drive mechanisms is provided with an inner annular housing, an outer annular housing, an annular sprocket, and a conical gear.
  • Said outer annular housing is coupled to said inner housing.
  • Annular sprockets are rotatably positioned between the inner housing and the outer housing, and they are provided with, on one side, a plurality of rings with concentric gears facing rear inner housing.
  • Said conical gears are rotatably arranged between said rear sprockets and said rear inner housings. Said conical gears engage the rings with the gears of the sprockets. Said conical gears engage on toothed ends of the drive shaft. Therefore, this mechanism is based on a geared arrangement.
  • U.S. application N° 5251504 A entitled “Automatic Transmission” discloses an automatic transmission for driving a wheel having an axle mounted on a support frame, and especially a bicycle frame.
  • the transmission comprises a power supply means such as a double pedal crank mechanism, attached to the frame and able to receive power in conjunction with a drive shaft.
  • a power supply means such as a double pedal crank mechanism
  • Several drive members are mounted to rotate freely around the drive shaft and they are provided with engaging means, such as teeth, on its surface, one of the drive members being a driving actuator connected to the drive shaft to transmit rotation in one direction together with the drive shaft, the drive members being located at successively larger distances along the shaft from the axle and the driving actuator being the one which lies farthest from the axis.
  • a drive plate is coupled to the wheel and is provided on its surface with a plurality of engaging means arranged concentrically, such as holes, which fit into teeth on the drive members to transmit power from the drive shaft to the drive plate.
  • Means are provided along the drive shaft to transfer torsional stress among the plurality of drive members and to apply an axial loading to the same. Also herein a system consisting essentially of multiple gears to provide power transmission is disclosed.
  • variable ratio transmission system which is simpler, lighter and less expensive than geared and sphere systems of prior art, while maintaining the advantageous features of the latter.
  • the present invention relates to a variable ratio transmission element comprising a disc-like circular body (1) having a central opening (3) and two faces (4, 5), one of said faces (4, 5) being divided into at least three similar circular sectors (6), each circular sector (6) being delimited by a arc (7) of a circle and two radii (8) defining a central angle (a), wherein: ⁇ each circular sector (6) is provided with elongated recesses (9) arranged parallel to each other, the recesses (9) being cut out in said face (4) of the circular body (1) and defining engaging segments (10); each engaging segment (10) extending from said arc (7) of a circle up to the respective closest radius (8) and forming an angle ( ⁇ ) with the latter, which angle ( ⁇ ) is half of said central angle (a).
  • variable ratio transmission element further comprises a groove (11) arranged along each radius (8) of said circular sectors (6), wherein said groove (11) splits said engaging segments (10) in contact points thereof with each respective radius (8).
  • engaging segments (10) have a trapezoidal prism shape.
  • elongated recesses (9) are elongated through-openings arranged in the circular body (1).
  • the disc-like circular body (1) is monolithically integrated in a support body having a shape other than a circular shape.
  • the present invention further relates to a variable ratio transmission system, characterized in that comprises:
  • said sprocket shifting mechanism (13) comprises at least a "Bowden" cable (14).
  • the transmission element may be connected via its central opening (3) to a primary shaft (15) and said sprocket (12) may be connected to a secondary shaft (16) or vice versa, wherein the primary shaft (15) is arranged with an angle of 90° to the secondary shaft (16).
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the main face of an embodiment of the variable transmission element of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the opposite face of the transmission element of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged detailed view of a circular sector of the transmission element of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view illustrating the trapezoidal prism shape of the engaging segments of an embodiment of the transmission element of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is an assembly view showing the preferred embodiment of the variable ratio transmission system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a detail of Fig. 5 in which the sprocket is located near the central area of the transmission element of the invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a similar view to Fig. 6 wherein the sprocket is located closer to the periphery of the transmission element of the invention after radial displacement on the latter.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a constructive detail of the preferred embodiment of Fig. 5.
  • the present invention relates to a variable ratio transmission element and to a transmission system comprising said transmission element, able to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art devices.
  • the present invention applies to powered devices and vehicles industry, as well as to pedal vehicles industry, such as bicycles among others.
  • the quantitative term "about X,” where X is a certain number used within the context of this description means any number belonging to a range of numbers, being that the lower limit of this range corresponds to X-5%.X, and the upper limit corresponds to X+5% .X, for example, the expression “about 60°” means “60° ⁇ 3°".
  • any X value presented in the course of this description shall be interpreted as an approximate value of the real value X, since such an approach to the real value would be reasonably expected by those skilled in the art due to experimental and/or measurement conditions that insert deviations from the true value.
  • the term “and/or” is intended to mean that both conditions occur or only one occurs.
  • the expression “elongated recesses and/or grooves” means “elongated recesses and grooves or elongated recesses or grooves” .
  • the term “primary shaft” (or drive shaft) relates to the shaft receiving rotation from the engine or, in the case of a bicycle, from the pedals.
  • the term “secondary shaft” (also called output shaft) relates to the shaft transmitting a multiple or submultiple of the rotation produced by the primary shaft to the vehicle driving wheel or wheels.
  • the present invention allows avoiding such complex and burdensome arrangements consisting of multiple gears, since the simple combination of the transmission element of the invention with only one sprocket provides a variable ratio transmission which may include any number of speeds, when applied to a gearbox.
  • variable ratio transmission element of the present invention when applied, for example, to a transmission system for a bicycle, provides the following advantages:
  • the transmission system of the invention is based on a shifting of a sprocket along the geometrical radius on the face of a disc, providing a variable transmission ratio due to the variation of the moment of a force that occurs in response to the variation of the distance (arm) to the center of said disc. It is possible thus to achieve a variable transmission ratio using the combination of only two different elements, one acting as an input and the other as an output.
  • system of the invention further comprises the advantage of any of said two elements could be connected both to the primary and the secondary shaft, without compromising the performance and providing greater versatility to the system.
  • the final transmission ratio of this mechanism may vary depending on the application or the mechanical system where it is mounted.
  • This mechanism may also be sealed, opened or semi-opened, allowing protection against dust, water and generally natural elements adverse to the operation of the mechanism.
  • the complex sets of reduction gears of the prior art gearboxes are replaced with the variable ratio transmission element of the present invention.
  • variable ratio transmission element comprises a disc- like circular body (1).
  • This circular body (1) is provided with a central opening (3) for receiving a primary (15) or secondary (16) shaft (embodiment not shown in the figures) or a simple support axle freely rotating (embodiment not shown in the figures).
  • the disc-like body (1) forms a simple and small body in comparison with the prior art gears.
  • the circular body (1) has two faces (4, 5), one of said faces (4, 5) being divided into at least three similar circular sectors (6) having a configuration similar to "pizza slices", wherein each circular sector (6) is delimited by a arc (7) of a circle and two radii (8) defining a central angle (a) (relative to its joining point at the center of the disclike body (1)).
  • the circular body (1) is provided with six similar circular sectors (6), meaning that said central angle (a) in this case is about 60° . In the case of three circular sectors (6), each sector has a central angle (a) of about 120°. If the circular body (1) is provided with eight circular sectors (6), the central angle (a) for each sector will be about 45°.
  • each of said circular sectors (6) is provided with elongated recesses (9) arranged parallel to each other and cut out on one of said faces (4, 5) of the circular body (1).
  • elongated recesses (9) there are engaging segments (10).
  • said elongated recesses (9) form through-openings, which is an embodiment of the invention.
  • each engaging segment (10) extends from said arc (7) of a circle up to the respective closer radius (8), forming an angle ( ⁇ ) with the latter which is half of said central angle (a).
  • ⁇ angle
  • the engaging segments (10) (or respective recesses (9)) form an angle of about 30° to the nearest radius (8) in each circular sector (6).
  • the elongated shape of recesses (9) and segments (10) allows the radial shifting of the same sprocket (12) along the circular body (1) of the transmission element, while maintaining engagement with the circular body (1).
  • This radial movement of sprocket (12) in relation to the circular body (1) provides a variation in the transmission ratio, easily explained by the variation of the moment of the force applied, which variation results from the change of the "arm" length, that is the distance to the force application point, in a linear relationship with the radial path of the sprocket (12) along the engaging segments (10) and/or radius (8) of the circular body (1) of the transmission element.
  • variable ratio transmission element of the invention allows varying the transmission ratio of a system in motion, i. e., allows a radial shift on the transmission element of a sprocket (12) engaged in the same without losing engagement.
  • said recesses (9) are equidistant from each other, dividing said arc (7) of a circle into equal sections.
  • variable ratio transmission element further comprises a groove (11) arranged along each radius (8) of said circular sectors (6), said groove (11) splitting the engaging segments (10) in the contact points thereof with each respective radius (8).
  • the engaging segments (10) can have any shape suitable to engagement with a sprocket (12).
  • the shape of the segments (10) relates to the shape of the spaces between teeth of said sprocket (12) into which they are to be engaged.
  • the segments (10) have a trapezoidal prism shape (see Fig. 4).
  • Other suitable shapes are spherical cap, parallelepiped with rounded edges and others.
  • variable ratio transmission element may be lightened in order to further reduce the weight thereof.
  • the elongated recesses (9) which are cut out, for example, on the face (4) of circular body (1) can be fully opened, from face (4) to face (5) of body (1), constituting themselves, in this case, as elongated through- openings in circular body (1).
  • Fig. 2 shows the open recesses (9) on the rear face (5) of the transmission element.
  • the opposite face (5) is completely filled by its base material without any through-openings (embodiment not shown in the figures).
  • the disc-like circular body (1) can be monolithically integrated in a support body having a shape other than the circular shape.
  • the circular body (1) may be indistinctly integrated with another support body, and this assembly having a non-circular shape forms the transmission element.
  • the arc (7) of a circle may not be present or visible, although it is intrinsically defined given the design of the circular body (1).
  • variable transmission ratio system (2) comprising:
  • the sprocket (12) may be any sprocket known to those skilled in the art that accomplishes the above function. Additionally, the sprocket (12) can be made of a flexible material that provides only a definition of the teeth by means of the pressure caused on the contact points of the same with the engaging segments (10) and/or radius (8) of the circular body (1) of the transmission element.
  • Said shifting mechanism (13) for displacement of the sprocket ensures switching between different transmission ratios.
  • this shifting mechanism (13) is connected to sprocket (12) in order to move it radially along the recesses (9) and/or grooves (11) in the circular body (1), which varies the distance from the sprocket (12) to the center of the circular body (1), thus varying the moment of the driving force produced by the primary shaft (15).
  • the sprocket shifting mechanism (13) may comprise at least one "Bowden" cable (14).
  • the transmission element can be connected to a primary shaft (15) through its central opening (3), said sprocket (12) being connected to a secondary shaft (16) or vice-versa.
  • primary shaft (15) is arranged so as to form an angle of 90° to the secondary shaft (16).
  • a transmission system (2) for bicycles is provided with a splined shaft (16) or having some type of longitudinal knurl, and may also be a grooved tube where a sprocket (12) will slide.
  • This splined shaft (16) is aligned with and perpendicular to the shaft (15) of the pedals where a disc (1) of the present invention is attached, maintaining the engagement point between it and the sprocket (12).
  • the sprocket (12) is slidable in the longitudinal direction of said splined shaft (16), but it is connected to the latter for rotational motion.
  • the wheel (12) is connected to a bearing-like part (17) which acts as an actuator of this wheel (12), the part (17) being fixed by tension springs (18), which function is to bias the assembly formed by part (17) and sprocket (12) to the center of the disc (1).
  • a shifting mechanism (13) comprises two “Bowden” cables (14) attached to the non-rotating part of part (17).
  • the cables (14) pull the assembly formed by part (17) and wheel (12) against the bias force of the tension spring (18). This movement takes place in the radial direction of the transmission disc (1), moving away the wheel (12) from the central area of disc (1) towards the periphery of the latter, which causes the variation in the transmission ratio.
  • the splined shaft (16) which supports the wheel (12) is provided with, at its furthest end from the center of the disc (1), a drive pinion (19) that engages a composed sprocket (20).
  • the composed wheel (20) comprises, in a single body, a crown wheel (21) and gear teeth (22) for articulated chains (see Figs. 6 and 8).
  • This composed wheel (20) is supported on casters or roller bearings (23) which are attached to disc (1) and allow a "freewheel” rotation of wheel (20) relative to disc (1).
  • the composed wheel (20) is connected to a sprocket (not shown) located on the rear wheel (not shown) of the bicycle, or is directly connected to the rear wheel if it is desired to integrate the whole system (2) in the rear wheel of the bicycle instead of installing it in the framework.
  • the splined shaft (16) may have a ball and socket joint that drives another transmission secondary shaft.
  • variable ratio transmission system of the invention may include other mechanical and/or electronic components depending on the intended application and the particular design adopted by those skilled in the art, these variations falling within the scope of the appended claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Transmissions By Endless Flexible Members (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un élément de transmission à rapport variable, qui comprend un corps du type disque (1), le disque ayant deux faces, une face étant divisée en au moins trois secteurs circulaires similaires (6), chaque secteur circulaire (6) étant délimité par un arc (7) d'un cercle et par deux rayons (8) définissant un angle central (a). Chaque secteur circulaire (6) comprend des renfoncements allongés (9) parallèles entre eux et taillés dans une première face du corps (1), les renfoncements allongés (9) définissant des segments de prise (10); chaque segment (10) s'étendant de l'arc (7) d'un cercle jusqu'au rayon le plus proche respectif (8) et formant un angle (β) avec ce dernier, qui est la moitié de l'ange (α). L'invention porte en outre sur un système de transmission comprenant l'élément de transmission. L'invention s'applique à des dispositifs à moteur et à l'industrie des véhicules, ainsi qu'à l'industrie des véhicules à pédale.
PCT/PT2014/000008 2013-02-04 2014-02-04 Élément de transmission à rapport variable et système comprenant l'élément de transmission à rapport variable Ceased WO2014120031A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PT106762 2013-02-04
PT106762A PT106762A (pt) 2013-02-04 2013-02-04 Elemento de transmissão de relação variável e sistema compreendendo o mesmo

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014120031A1 true WO2014120031A1 (fr) 2014-08-07

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/PT2014/000008 Ceased WO2014120031A1 (fr) 2013-02-04 2014-02-04 Élément de transmission à rapport variable et système comprenant l'élément de transmission à rapport variable

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PT (1) PT106762A (fr)
WO (1) WO2014120031A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105179612A (zh) * 2015-07-13 2015-12-23 任孝忠 盘式双棘齿轮无级变速装置
DE102014016395B4 (de) 2014-11-05 2024-11-21 Karlheinz Nicolai Unter Last schaltbares Getriebe für Fahrzeuge

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR405622A (fr) * 1909-07-31 1910-01-08 Michel Dondin Changement de vitesse progressif
DE614297C (de) * 1933-11-25 1935-06-07 Emil Einenkel Mehrfach schaltbares Fahrradgetriebe
US2870644A (en) * 1957-06-10 1959-01-27 Carl E Winter Improved multiple speed gear transmission
US3075397A (en) * 1960-07-27 1963-01-29 Carl E Winter Multiple speed gear transmission and tooth construction
US5065638A (en) * 1990-05-18 1991-11-19 Ivor Barens Variable ratio transmission
US5228354A (en) * 1992-05-13 1993-07-20 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Multispeed, shaft-driven vehicle drive
US5251504A (en) * 1992-07-31 1993-10-12 Summerville Jr Andrew G Automatic transmission
US6155127A (en) * 1999-03-04 2000-12-05 Pogson; Daniel D. Chainless drive mechanism
US7434489B1 (en) * 2004-12-03 2008-10-14 Peter Scranton Bicycle drive system

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2335009A (en) * 1997-12-24 1999-09-08 Gary Henry Brown Variable speed gear arrangement for a bicycle

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR405622A (fr) * 1909-07-31 1910-01-08 Michel Dondin Changement de vitesse progressif
DE614297C (de) * 1933-11-25 1935-06-07 Emil Einenkel Mehrfach schaltbares Fahrradgetriebe
US2870644A (en) * 1957-06-10 1959-01-27 Carl E Winter Improved multiple speed gear transmission
US3075397A (en) * 1960-07-27 1963-01-29 Carl E Winter Multiple speed gear transmission and tooth construction
US5065638A (en) * 1990-05-18 1991-11-19 Ivor Barens Variable ratio transmission
US5228354A (en) * 1992-05-13 1993-07-20 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Multispeed, shaft-driven vehicle drive
US5251504A (en) * 1992-07-31 1993-10-12 Summerville Jr Andrew G Automatic transmission
US6155127A (en) * 1999-03-04 2000-12-05 Pogson; Daniel D. Chainless drive mechanism
US7434489B1 (en) * 2004-12-03 2008-10-14 Peter Scranton Bicycle drive system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014016395B4 (de) 2014-11-05 2024-11-21 Karlheinz Nicolai Unter Last schaltbares Getriebe für Fahrzeuge
CN105179612A (zh) * 2015-07-13 2015-12-23 任孝忠 盘式双棘齿轮无级变速装置

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