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WO2014119159A1 - Dispositif de capture d'images - Google Patents

Dispositif de capture d'images Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014119159A1
WO2014119159A1 PCT/JP2013/083814 JP2013083814W WO2014119159A1 WO 2014119159 A1 WO2014119159 A1 WO 2014119159A1 JP 2013083814 W JP2013083814 W JP 2013083814W WO 2014119159 A1 WO2014119159 A1 WO 2014119159A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pixel group
pixel
unit
processing unit
exposure time
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2013/083814
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
雄一 野中
西澤　明仁
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maxell Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Maxell Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Maxell Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Maxell Ltd
Publication of WO2014119159A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014119159A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B7/00—Control of exposure by setting shutters, diaphragms or filters, separately or conjointly
    • G03B7/08—Control effected solely on the basis of the response, to the intensity of the light received by the camera, of a built-in light-sensitive device
    • G03B7/091—Digital circuits
    • G03B7/093—Digital circuits for control of exposure time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
    • H04N23/84—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for processing colour signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
    • H04N23/11—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths for generating image signals from visible and infrared light wavelengths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
    • H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
    • H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
    • H04N25/131—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements including elements passing infrared wavelengths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
    • H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
    • H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
    • H04N25/134—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on three different wavelength filter elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/50—Control of the SSIS exposure
    • H04N25/53—Control of the integration time
    • H04N25/533—Control of the integration time by using differing integration times for different sensor regions
    • H04N25/534—Control of the integration time by using differing integration times for different sensor regions depending on the spectral component
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B11/00—Filters or other obturators specially adapted for photographic purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B7/00—Control of exposure by setting shutters, diaphragms or filters, separately or conjointly
    • G03B7/08—Control effected solely on the basis of the response, to the intensity of the light received by the camera, of a built-in light-sensitive device
    • G03B7/091—Digital circuits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an imaging apparatus.
  • Patent Document 1 JP 2008-92247 A (Patent Document 1) as background art in this technical field.
  • Patent Document 1 “[Problem] To improve the white balance of a color image output from a solid-state image sensor. [Solution] A plurality of photoelectric conversion elements 20 arranged in a matrix and having three different transmissions.
  • any one of the color filters 22R, 22G, and 22B having the center wavelength and the near-infrared light filter 22IR having the transmission center frequency in the near-infrared light region is disposed on each light-receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion element 20, and the photoelectric conversion element.
  • the above problem can be solved by a solid-state imaging device in which any one of the color filters 22R, 22G, and 22B and the near-infrared light filter 22IR are arranged in each column of the 20 matrixes. " Yes.
  • the main applications of imaging devices are surveillance cameras and in-vehicle cameras. In both cases, there is a strong demand for clear shooting of a target subject even when it gets dark. For this problem, improvement by utilizing not only the light in the visible light region but also the near infrared region is described. However, when either the light amount in the visible light region or the light amount in the non-visible light region is insufficient, there is a problem that noise is biased.
  • the present invention solves the above problems and provides an imaging apparatus capable of suppressing S / N degradation even when the near infrared region is utilized.
  • a first pixel group including a first filter having a predetermined transmission center wavelength, and a second pixel group including a second filter having a transmission center wavelength different from the first filter;
  • an exposure control processing unit that controls an exposure time independently for each of the first pixel group and the second pixel group of the imaging unit.
  • FIG. 1 is an overall configuration schematic diagram of a first embodiment of an imaging apparatus according to the present invention. It is a figure which shows the image pick-up element of a 1st Example. It is a figure which shows the structure for the exposure time individual adjustment in a 1st Example. It is a figure which shows the image pick-up element of a 2nd Example. It is a figure which shows the structure for the exposure time individual adjustment in a 2nd Example. It is a whole block schematic diagram of the 3rd example of an imaging device concerning the present invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the sensitivity characteristic of each pixel of R, G, B. It is a figure which shows an example of the wavelength distribution of a light source.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of a first embodiment of an imaging apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the imaging apparatus according to the present embodiment is configured by appropriately using an imaging unit 101, an image processing unit 102, a determination unit 103, and an exposure control processing unit 104.
  • the imaging unit 101 includes an “R” filter having sensitivity to a red wavelength and a “G” filter having sensitivity to a green wavelength (G1 and G2 in the drawing).
  • each signal will be defined as G), and “B” filters with sensitivity to blue are arranged in a checkered pattern, and each color signal is assigned by these color filters.
  • the obtained single-plate color imaging device has the sensitivity characteristics of the R, G, and B pixels as shown in FIG.
  • the wavelength distribution of the light source irradiated to the subject varies depending on the type of the light source.For example, when a white subject is photographed under the light source having the distribution shown in FIG.
  • the imaging unit 101 can individually adjust the exposure time for each of R, G, and B pixels, and the determination unit 103 is input from the imaging unit 101.
  • the ratio of the signal level of each R, G, B signal shall be obtained, and the exposure control processing unit 104 performs imaging so that the ratio of the signal level of each R, G, B signal obtained from the determination unit 103 is constant.
  • the exposure time for each of the R, G, and B pixels of the unit 101 is adjusted individually.
  • the ratio of the signal level of each R, G, B signal is obtained, for example, within a predetermined image area as a signal representing white of the subject for each R, G, B signal from the imaging unit 101
  • AveG / AveB ⁇ G exposure time AveG / AveB ⁇ G exposure time
  • the signal level of the B pixel can be reduced, and the exposure time of the R pixel can be lengthened to increase the signal level of the R pixel. Further, since the exposure time is controlled, the amount of noise superimposed by the imaging unit 101 does not change.
  • the exposure time can be shortened so that the charge is not saturated, and whiteout of an image can be suppressed.
  • the average value in the predetermined image area is obtained as a signal representing the white of the subject.
  • a method of extracting only a predetermined signal level in the predetermined image area may be used. if a method of recognizing an object such as a sign that seems to be white of a subject and extracting a pixel of the object, it is possible to extract the white of the subject with high accuracy.
  • the imaging unit 101 includes a reset processing unit 301 and a readout processing unit 302, and R determined by the exposure control processing unit 104 based on a ratio of signal levels of R, G, and B pixels from the determination unit 103.
  • the reset processing unit 301 generates a charge reset signal and the read processing unit 302 generates a charge readout signal, and these signals are used to generate R, G, B
  • Each pixel is controlled individually.
  • the exposure time can be individually adjusted by transmitting and controlling the charge reset signal and the charge readout signal corresponding to each of the R, G, and B pixels.
  • the same charge reset signal and the same charge readout signal are applied to all the R pixels arranged on the imaging unit 101. Send it.
  • a charge reset signal and a charge readout signal that are shifted by a predetermined time may be sent to all the R pixels arranged on the imaging unit 101.
  • the G pixel and B pixel are the same as the R pixel. If this method is adopted, the charge reset signal and charge read signal generation can be simplified, and the circuit scale can be reduced. In addition, the wiring can be simplified, and the problem that the wiring layer blocks the passage of light and reduces the aperture ratio of the pixel can be suppressed.
  • each pixel may be sensitive to invisible light, For example, it may be an R + IR pixel, a G + IR pixel, or a B + IR pixel.
  • the determination unit 103 may obtain a signal level ratio after separating R, G, and B by matrix calculation.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of a second embodiment of the imaging apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the imaging apparatus according to the present embodiment is configured by appropriately using the imaging unit 1301, the image processing unit 102, the determination unit 103, and the exposure control processing unit 104.
  • the configuration of the unit 1301 and the processing in the determination unit 103 and the exposure control processing unit 104 are different from those in the first embodiment.
  • the imaging unit 1301 has an “R” filter having sensitivity to a red wavelength, a “G” filter having sensitivity to a green wavelength, and blue having sensitivity to an upper portion of the photoelectric conversion element.
  • the “B” filter and the “IR” filter having sensitivity in the infrared or near-infrared non-visible light region are arranged in a checkered pattern to obtain a single-plate color image pickup device that obtains four types of color signals.
  • G, B, and IR are assumed to have the sensitivity characteristics shown in FIG. 10, for example.
  • the wavelength distribution of the light source irradiated to the subject varies depending on the type of the light source.
  • the output characteristics of the R, G, B, and IR pixels when a white subject is photographed under the light source having the distribution shown in FIG. 11, the output characteristics of the R, G, B, and IR pixels. Is a product of FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, resulting in FIG.
  • the imaging unit 1301 can individually adjust the exposure time for pixels having sensitivity in the visible light region and pixels having sensitivity in the invisible light region.
  • the unit 103 obtains a signal level ratio between at least one of R, G, and B signals having sensitivity in the visible light region input from the imaging unit 1301 and an IR signal having sensitivity in the invisible light region.
  • the exposure control processing unit 104 individually adjusts the exposure time for each of R, G, B pixels and IR pixels of the imaging unit 1301 so that the ratio of the signal levels obtained from the determination unit 103 is constant. To do.
  • the signal level ratio is obtained by obtaining average values AveG and AveIR in a predetermined image area as a signal representing white of the subject using, for example, each G signal and IR signal from the imaging unit 1301.
  • AveG AveIR so that the signal level ratio is constant.
  • IR pixel exposure time AveG / AveIR x G exposure time
  • the wavelength distribution of the light source has the characteristics as shown in FIG. 11, so that the IR pixel is maintained while maintaining the exposure time of R, G, B having sensitivity in the visible light region.
  • the signal level of the IR pixel can be increased by extending the exposure time.
  • the exposure time is controlled, the amount of noise superimposed by the imaging unit 101 does not change.
  • R, G, B pixels with high signal levels are in a charge saturation state, if the exposure time for R, G, B is shortened, the charge saturation can be prevented, and whiteout of the image is suppressed. It becomes possible to do.
  • the average value in the predetermined image area is obtained.
  • a method of extracting only a predetermined signal level in the predetermined image area may be used.
  • a method of recognizing a predetermined object such as a sign of a subject and extracting a pixel of the object
  • the reflection coefficients of visible light and invisible light are known for each object, the object is visible with high accuracy. The distribution of light and invisible light can be extracted.
  • the imaging unit 1301 includes a reset processing unit 301 and a readout processing unit 302, and visible light individually determined by the exposure control processing unit 104 based on the signal level ratio from the determination unit 103.
  • the reset processing unit 301 reads out the charge reset signal, and reads out the processing unit 302.
  • a charge readout signal is generated at, and each pixel is individually controlled using these signals.
  • R, G, and B are individually controlled, whereas in this embodiment, R, G, and B have the same exposure time, thereby simplifying the generation of the charge reset signal and the charge readout signal.
  • the circuit scale can be reduced.
  • the wiring can be simplified, and the problem that the wiring layer blocks the passage of light and reduces the aperture ratio of the pixel can be suppressed.
  • the sensitivity characteristics of the visible light pixel and the invisible light pixel are assumed to be at the same level as shown in FIG. 10, but in the case of using a general image sensor such as a CMOS sensor or a CCD sensor, the visible characteristic is visible.
  • the sensitivity of the invisible light pixel may be low with respect to the light pixel. Even when such an image sensor is used, adjustment can be made so that the level of each sensitivity characteristic is made uniform by changing the exposure time of visible light pixels and non-visible light pixels as in this embodiment. Can do.
  • pixels having a transmission center wavelength for each of R, G, and B in the visible light region are defined as R, G, and B
  • each pixel may be sensitive to invisible light, For example, it may be an R + IR pixel, a G + IR pixel, or a B + IR pixel.
  • a pixel having a transmission center wavelength in the infrared or near-infrared invisible light region is defined as IR
  • it may be sensitive to visible light, for example, an R + G + B + IR pixel. It may be.
  • the determination unit 103 may obtain a signal level ratio after separating R, G, B, and IR by matrix calculation. *
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of a third embodiment of the imaging apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the imaging apparatus according to the present embodiment includes an imaging unit 1301, an image processing unit 102, a non-visible light projection unit 601, a visible light projection unit 602, a table unit 603, and an exposure control processing unit 104. Configured as appropriate.
  • the imaging unit 1301 has an “R” filter having sensitivity to a red wavelength, a “G” filter having sensitivity to a green wavelength, and a blue wavelength to the top of the photoelectric conversion element.
  • a single-chip color image sensor that obtains four types of color signals by arranging a “B” filter with sensitivity and an “IR” filter with sensitivity in the infrared or near-infrared non-visible light region. Assume that the sensitivity characteristics of each of R, G, B, and IR are as shown in FIG. The exposure time can be individually adjusted for each of the R, G, and B pixels and the IR pixel.
  • the imaging apparatus includes a non-visible light projector 601 and a visible light projector 602 that irradiate non-visible light toward a subject, and irradiation of the invisible light projector 601 is turned on. , OFF or intensity of irradiation, ON / OFF of irradiation of the visible light projecting unit 602, or intensity of irradiation, and further, each condition of the light source A irradiated at the place where the imaging apparatus of the present embodiment is installed Since the wavelength distribution of the light that finally irradiates the subject changes every time, the R, G, B pixel and IR pixel exposure times that are optimal for each condition are stored separately in advance.
  • the table portion 603 is provided.
  • the exposure control processing unit 104 determines whether the irradiation ON / OFF information of the invisible light projector 601 or the intensity of irradiation and the ON / OFF information of the irradiation of the visible light projector 602 or the intensity of irradiation. Based on the information, the exposure time of each of the R, G, B pixels and IR pixels is determined with reference to the information in the table unit 603, and the exposure time is adjusted individually.
  • the exposure time of the IR pixel may be longer than the exposure time of the R, G, and B pixels, and each pixel may have an appropriate signal amount.
  • the information on the exposure time is stored in the table unit 603 in advance, and irradiation ON / OFF information of the invisible light projector 601 or information on the intensity of irradiation and ON of the visible light projector 602 are turned on. Therefore, the exposure time is determined based on OFF information or irradiation intensity information.
  • the structure which has any one may be sufficient.
  • the invisible light projecting unit does not necessarily have sensitivity only to invisible light, and may have sensitivity in the visible light region.
  • the visible light projecting unit is not necessarily sensitive to only visible light, and may be sensitive to invisible light.
  • this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned Example, Various modifications are included.
  • the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described.
  • a part of the configuration of a certain embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment and applied as appropriate, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to or combined with the configuration of another embodiment as appropriate. Is also possible. Further, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment.
  • each of the above-described configurations may be configured such that some or all of them are configured by hardware, or are implemented by executing a program by a processor.
  • the control lines and information lines indicate what is considered necessary for the explanation, and not all the control lines and information lines on the product are necessarily shown. Actually, it may be considered that almost all the components are connected to each other. As described above, according to the configuration of each embodiment, it is possible to provide an imaging device that suppresses S / N degradation and realizes a color image with good visibility.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Color Television Image Signal Generators (AREA)
  • Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
  • Exposure Control For Cameras (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de capture d'images présentant un moyen pour contrôler le temps d'exposition individuellement pour chaque pixel comprenant un filtre chromatique présentant au moins deux longueurs d'onde de centre de transmission différentes.
PCT/JP2013/083814 2013-02-04 2013-12-18 Dispositif de capture d'images Ceased WO2014119159A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2013-019069 2013-02-04
JP2013019069A JP6348254B2 (ja) 2013-02-04 2013-02-04 撮像装置

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WO2014119159A1 true WO2014119159A1 (fr) 2014-08-07

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113194235A (zh) * 2021-04-29 2021-07-30 维沃移动通信有限公司 像素传感器系统、摄像模组及电子设备
CN115134492A (zh) * 2022-05-31 2022-09-30 北京极豪科技有限公司 图像采集方法、电子设备和计算机可读介质
US11750948B2 (en) 2020-11-30 2023-09-05 Stmicroelectronics (Grenoble 2) Sas Image sensors with different charge-to-voltage conversion factors and methods thereof

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JP7039906B2 (ja) * 2017-09-22 2022-03-23 カシオ計算機株式会社 撮像装置、撮像方法及びプログラム
JP2019083501A (ja) 2017-10-27 2019-05-30 ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 撮像装置
CN108705977B (zh) * 2018-05-09 2020-07-31 四川骏硕科技有限公司 一种互联网无人驾驶汽车
CN110723079B (zh) * 2019-10-31 2021-08-03 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 车载传感器的位姿调整方法、装置、设备和介质

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JP2008005213A (ja) * 2006-06-22 2008-01-10 Fujifilm Corp 固体撮像装置およびその駆動方法
JP2009066121A (ja) * 2007-09-12 2009-04-02 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 撮像装置
WO2009057288A1 (fr) * 2007-11-02 2009-05-07 Panasonic Corporation Dispositif de prise d'image
JP2010093472A (ja) * 2008-10-07 2010-04-22 Panasonic Corp 撮像装置および撮像装置用信号処理回路

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JP2008005213A (ja) * 2006-06-22 2008-01-10 Fujifilm Corp 固体撮像装置およびその駆動方法
JP2009066121A (ja) * 2007-09-12 2009-04-02 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 撮像装置
WO2009057288A1 (fr) * 2007-11-02 2009-05-07 Panasonic Corporation Dispositif de prise d'image
JP2010093472A (ja) * 2008-10-07 2010-04-22 Panasonic Corp 撮像装置および撮像装置用信号処理回路

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11750948B2 (en) 2020-11-30 2023-09-05 Stmicroelectronics (Grenoble 2) Sas Image sensors with different charge-to-voltage conversion factors and methods thereof
US12096146B2 (en) 2020-11-30 2024-09-17 Stmicroelectronics (Grenoble 2) Sas Image sensors with different charge-to-voltage conversion factors and methods thereof
CN113194235A (zh) * 2021-04-29 2021-07-30 维沃移动通信有限公司 像素传感器系统、摄像模组及电子设备
CN115134492A (zh) * 2022-05-31 2022-09-30 北京极豪科技有限公司 图像采集方法、电子设备和计算机可读介质
CN115134492B (zh) * 2022-05-31 2024-03-19 北京极光智芯科技有限公司 图像采集方法、电子设备和计算机可读介质

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