WO2014115705A1 - 着色低偏光フィルム、着色低偏光シート、およびレンズ、並びにこれらの製造法 - Google Patents
着色低偏光フィルム、着色低偏光シート、およびレンズ、並びにこれらの製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014115705A1 WO2014115705A1 PCT/JP2014/051066 JP2014051066W WO2014115705A1 WO 2014115705 A1 WO2014115705 A1 WO 2014115705A1 JP 2014051066 W JP2014051066 W JP 2014051066W WO 2014115705 A1 WO2014115705 A1 WO 2014115705A1
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- Prior art keywords
- organic dye
- polarization
- dichroic
- dye composition
- polarizing
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
- G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
- G02B5/305—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
- G02B5/223—Absorbing filters containing organic substances, e.g. dyes, inks or pigments
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C7/00—Optical parts
- G02C7/10—Filters, e.g. for facilitating adaptation of the eyes to the dark; Sunglasses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00634—Production of filters
- B29D11/00644—Production of filters polarizing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C7/00—Optical parts
- G02C7/12—Polarisers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2029/00—Use of polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2029/04—PVOH, i.e. polyvinyl alcohol
Definitions
- the present invention shows the total light transmittance adjusted as sunglasses and the degree of polarization adjusted low, a wider range of color tone can be selected, and changes in color tone and transmittance in the process of processing into sunglasses, etc.
- the present invention relates to a colored low-polarizing film, a colored low-polarizing sheet and lens, and methods for producing them.
- a polarizing film obtained by adsorbing or impregnating iodine or a dichroic organic dye on a uniaxially stretched polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as a PVA polarizing film) is typically used.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- This polarizing film is usually a polarizing plate that is easy to handle, suitable for secondary processing, inexpensive and lightweight, using a transparent resin such as triacetylcellulose as a protective layer on one side (or both sides).
- a polarizing sheet (hereinafter referred to as a polarizing sheet) having a transparent resin sheet as an appropriate protective layer on both sides of a polarizing film obtained by stretching a polyvinyl alcohol film and dyed with a dichroic dye is a characteristic of the resin. It is a product according to For example, in the case of an aromatic polycarbonate, it is particularly excellent in impact resistance and also has high heat resistance, so that it is used in sunglasses or goggles polarized lenses obtained by bending or injection molding. In the case of a transparent polyamide for lenses, it is used for applications that require design properties from excellent dyeability and the like.
- an aromatic polycarbonate from bisphenol A is preferably used.
- aromatic polycarbonate has a large photoelastic constant, colored interference fringes are likely to occur due to retardation when it is bent into a spherical or aspherical surface shape such as sunglasses or goggles.
- Have problems such as damaging eye strain and causing eye strain.
- a polarizing lens obtained by bending a polarizing sheet into a spherical or aspherical surface shape causes problems such as distortion of the image due to uneven thickness of the aromatic polycarbonate polarizing sheet, impairing the appearance, and causing eye strain. ing.
- the aromatic polycarbonate polarizing sheet that has made the colored interference fringe invisible by pre-stretching the aromatic polycarbonate sheet used for the protective layer to produce a large retardation.
- Patent Document 1 a stretched polycarbonate polarizing sheet
- a spherical or aspherical surface shape is used for the purpose of further improving impact resistance than a polarizing lens formed by bending a stretched polycarbonate polarizing sheet as described above, or forming a correcting lens having a focal power.
- a polarizing lens hereinafter, referred to as an aromatic polycarbonate polarizing lens
- an aromatic polycarbonate polarizing lens formed by inserting a stretched polycarbonate polarizing sheet bent into a mold into a mold and injecting an aromatic polycarbonate (hereinafter referred to as an aromatic polycarbonate polarizing lens).
- Aromatic polycarbonate polarizing lenses have the advantage that the uneven thickness of the inserted stretched polycarbonate sheet cannot be seen because the aromatic polycarbonate is injected and filled into the mold, and impact resistance even for lenses that do not have focal power It is used in products that are particularly excellent in appearance and eye strain.
- a lens obtained by filling a mold with a thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin such as an aromatic polycarbonate polarizing lens molding is performed by appropriately setting the surface shape of each mold on both sides and the interval between both sides. Since the shape and thickness of each side of the molded lens can be freely set, the surface of the mold is based on the optical design so that the focal power, prism power, and image distortion of the molded lens will be the desired values. The shape and the distance between both sides are set.
- the surface shape of the molded lens and the surface shape of the mold that was in contact with the molding are often the same, but if the lens surface shape requires a very high degree of accuracy, the heat curing filled in the mold In order to compensate for lens thickness reduction and surface shape change due to volume shrinkage that occurs when the adhesive resin or thermoplastic resin solidifies, the surface shape of the mold on both sides and the interval between both sides may be finely adjusted as appropriate. is there.
- the surface of the exit polarized lens thus formed is appropriately formed with a hard coat, an antireflection film, etc., and then fixed to the frame by balling, drilling, screwing, etc. to become sunglasses or goggles.
- a polarizing lens obtained by bending an aromatic polycarbonate polarizing sheet into a spherical or aspherical surface shape, or in an aromatic polycarbonate polarizing lens the horizontal direction is used for the purpose of reducing glare when looking at the glass surface or the water surface.
- a polarizing lens in order to increase the degree of polarization, the amount of dichroic dye to be dyed on the polyvinyl alcohol film is adjusted so that the horizontal polarization component of the light incident on the polarizing lens is almost absorbed.
- the amount of dichroic dye attached to the polyvinyl alcohol film is further increased, more of the polarization component in the vertical direction of the light incident on the polarizing lens is absorbed. From the viewpoint of a higher-performance polarizing lens, there is a demand for a material that reduces absorption of the polarization component in the vertical direction of light incident on the polarizing lens by using a dye exhibiting a higher dichroic ratio.
- the dichroic dye to be dyed on the polyvinyl alcohol film is not a single color, and usually several dichroic dyes are used in combination. At this time, a polarizing lens having a desired color tone and transmittance can be obtained by changing the amount of the dichroic dye attached to the polyvinyl alcohol film for each color.
- the color tone and transmittance of the aromatic polycarbonate polarizing sheet can be adjusted by using a dye dissolved in the aromatic polycarbonate sheet of the adhesive layer or the protective layer, or in combination with the above-described method.
- the present invention shows the total light transmittance adjusted as sunglasses and the degree of polarization adjusted low, and can be used for sunglasses that can select a wide range of color tones and have small changes in color tone and transmittance in the processing step. It is an object of the present invention to provide a colored low-polarizing film, a colored low-polarizing sheet and a lens, and a method for producing them.
- a product having a high total light transmittance and a high degree of polarization (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as a high transmission and high polarization product) is regarded as a higher quality product.
- a high transmission and high polarization product it is essential to use a combination of dyes having a high dichroic ratio and to keep the deterioration in the processing step small.
- particularly those with high transmission and high polarization do not use the heat bending process which is severely deteriorated, and are limited to two-dimensional bent products and three-dimensional bent products with extremely small bending.
- PVA polarizing film having a high degree of polarization of 99% or more is usually produced.
- Some PVA polarizing films for sunglasses have a degree of polarization of 99% or more and a total light transmittance of 30% or more, but the total light transmittance is about 10 to 25%.
- various colored products have been obtained by changing the dyeing amount of the dichroic dye for each color to obtain a polarizing lens having a desired color tone and transmittance.
- the range of colors obtained by the type of dichroic dye used is narrow, and it is molded into a spherical or aspherical surface shape, such as injection molding of transparent resin onto the concave surface of the bent product. There was a problem that the color change in the process was relatively large.
- a polarizing lens having a high dye concentration has a problem that the color tone and transmittance in the molding process are greatly changed as compared with a polarizing lens having a low dye concentration. Furthermore, if the change in color tone and transmittance before and after molding is large, the amount of change in color tone and transmittance is not constant, and the variation becomes large, resulting in differences in color tone and transmittance between molded products. There was a problem.
- the above relates to a high degree of polarization of 99% or more.
- sunglasses it is not called polarized sunglasses because of its low degree of polarization
- sunglasses with a predetermined low degree of polarization and a predetermined low total light transmittance As a result of examining the sunglasses, it was confirmed that a PVA polarizing film having a predetermined low polarization degree and a high transmittance PVA polarizing film and a colored film having a low transmittance within a predetermined range were used in an overlapping manner, thereby achieving a low transmittance within a predetermined range. It was.
- This method has a problem that a colored film having a predetermined color and transmittance must be used in combination.
- the low transmittance sunglasses having the color tone of the colored film by selecting the color and transmittance of the colored film. Has the advantage that it can be manufactured.
- the present invention provides a low-adjusted total light transmittance and degree of polarization, a wide range of color tones can be selected, and a solution to the problem of obtaining a colored low-polarizing film for sunglasses using a processing process such as thermal bending.
- the degree of polarization was mainly adjusted with a dichroic organic dye having a high dichroic ratio, and the transmittance and color tone were adjusted with a dye having an extremely low dichroic ratio or substantially no dichroic ratio.
- the present invention was completed.
- the present invention (1) In a polarizing film manufactured by dyeing and drying a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film with water swell and uniaxial stretching with a dichroic organic dye, the dichroic organic dye has a dichroic ratio. Is a combination of 13 or more dichroic organic dyes, an amount of dichroic organic dye composition that maintains the degree of polarization at a polarization degree of 30% or more and less than 90%, and an extremely low dichroic ratio of 4 or less.
- a colored low-polarizing film comprising a combination of dyes having no color ratio or substantially a dichroic ratio, and having a degree of polarization of 45% to 90% dyed with an amount of an organic dye composition for dyeing to a desired color It is.
- the amount of the dichroic organic dye composition is less than the amount that gives the lower limit of the desired degree of polarization; (3)
- the dyeing amount of the coloring organic dye composition is such that the transmittance is 50 to 8%, and the transmittance is 5% or more smaller than the transmittance of the dichroic organic dye composition alone. This is a colored low-polarizing film.
- the present invention also provides: (4) In a method for producing a polarizing film comprising a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film being swollen with water and uniaxially stretched, dyed with a dichroic organic dye, and dried, the dichroic organic dye has a dichroic ratio. Is a combination of 13 or more dichroic organic dyes, an amount of dichroic organic dye composition that maintains the degree of polarization at a polarization degree of 30% or more and less than 90%, and an extremely low dichroic ratio of 4 or less. It comprises a combination of dyes having no color ratio or substantially dichroic ratio, and has a polarization degree of 45% to 90% using an organic dye composition for dyeing in an amount for dyeing to a desired color. This is a method for producing a colored low-polarizing film.
- the dichroic organic dye composition is used in an amount smaller than an amount that gives the lower limit of the desired degree of polarization.
- the coloring organic dye composition is used in an amount such that the transmittance is 50 to 8% and the transmittance is 5% or less smaller than the transmittance of the dichroic organic dye composition alone, or (8) Use of the low-polarizing film of the desired color to determine the target values of the degree of polarization, the transmittance and the hue, and to give the target values of the dichroic organic dye composition and the coloring organic dye composition
- the amount is calculated ignoring the change due to the interaction due to simultaneous staining, and a polarizing film is produced in an aqueous solution of the amount used based on the obtained calculated value, the measured value of the manufactured polarizing film, and the purpose
- the method of producing a colored low-polarizing film by comparing the values and re-adjusting the amount of the dichroic organic dye composition and the coloring organic dye composition in the aqueous solution and dyeing as appropriate It is.
- the present invention also provides: (9) A polarizing sheet in which a polyvinyl alcohol resin film is swollen with water, uniaxially stretched, dyed with a dichroic organic dye, and dried, and a transparent plastic sheet is bonded to both surfaces of the polarizing film through an adhesive layer.
- the polarizing film has a desired degree of polarization of 45% to 90%
- the dichroic organic dye used in the production of the polarizing film has a dichroic ratio of 13 or more.
- a dichroic organic dye composition having a degree of polarization of 30% or more and less than 90% and maintaining the degree of polarization, and an extremely low dichroic ratio having a dichroic ratio of 4 or less or substantially two.
- a colored low-polarizing sheet comprising a combination of dyes having no color ratio, and an amount of an organic dye composition for coloring that is dyed to a desired color.
- the above dyeing is performed using the dichroic organic dye composition and the coloring organic dye composition in the same aqueous solution.
- (11) Use the dichroic organic dye composition in an amount smaller than an amount that gives a lower limit of the desired degree of polarization;
- the dyeing amount of the coloring organic dye composition is such that the transmittance is 50 to 8%, and the transmittance is 5% or less smaller than the transmittance of the dichroic organic dye composition alone.
- the resin of the transparent plastic sheet is one or more selected from the group consisting of aromatic polycarbonate, polyacrylate, acetylcellulose, and a composition of an aromatic polycarbonate and an alicyclic polyester, (14)
- the transparent plastic sheet is an aromatic polycarbonate sheet having a birefringence of 3000 nm or more and a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm.
- the adhesive layer uses a two-component thermosetting polyurethane resin composed of a curing agent containing a polyurethane prepolymer and hydroxy (poly) acrylate, (16) Use of the low-polarizing film of the desired color to determine the target values of the degree of polarization, the transmittance and the hue, and to give the target values of the dichroic organic dye composition and the coloring organic dye composition The amount is calculated by ignoring the change due to the interaction due to simultaneous staining, and a polarizing film is produced in an aqueous solution of the amount used based on the obtained calculated value. And a coloring polarizing film obtained by appropriately adjusting the amount of the dichroic organic dye composition and the organic dye composition for coloring in the aqueous solution and dyeing as appropriate This is a colored low-polarizing sheet.
- the present invention also provides: (17) A polarizing sheet in which a polyvinyl alcohol resin film is swollen with water and uniaxially stretched, dyed with a dichroic organic dye, and dried, and a transparent plastic sheet is bonded to both surfaces of the polarizing film through an adhesive layer
- a polarizing lens obtained by bending a spherical surface or an aspherical surface, or an polarizing polarizing lens formed by bending the polarizing sheet into a spherical surface or an aspherical surface and injection-molding a transparent resin on the concave surface
- the transparent resin is an aromatic polycarbonate
- a colored low-polarizing film of a desired color wherein the polarizing sheet is bent so that one surface of the polarizing sheet is aromatic polycarbonate and the one surface is concave, and the degree of polarization of the polarizing film is 45% to 90%.
- the dichroic organic dye used in the production of the polarizing film comprises a combination of dichroic organic dyes having a dichroic ratio of 13 or more.
- a dichroic organic dye composition having an amount of polarization of 30% to less than 90% and maintaining the degree of polarization, and a dye having an extremely low dichroic ratio having a dichroic ratio of 4 or less or substantially having no dichroic ratio.
- a colored low-polarizing lens comprising a combination and an amount of an organic dye composition for coloring dyed to a desired color.
- the above dyeing is performed using the dichroic organic dye composition and the coloring organic dye composition in the same aqueous solution, (19)
- the dichroic organic dye composition is used in an amount smaller than an amount that gives a lower limit of the desired degree of polarization. (20)
- the dyeing amount of the coloring organic dye composition is such that the transmittance is 50 to 8% and the transmittance is 5% or less smaller than the transmittance of the dichroic organic dye composition alone.
- the resin of the transparent plastic sheet is one or more selected from the group consisting of aromatic polycarbonate, polyacrylate, acetylcellulose, and a composition of an aromatic polycarbonate and an alicyclic polyester, (22)
- the transparent plastic sheet is an aromatic polycarbonate sheet having a birefringence of 3000 nm or more and a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm.
- the adhesive layer uses a two-component thermosetting polyurethane resin composed of a curing agent containing a polyurethane prepolymer and hydroxy (poly) acrylate, (24)
- Use of the low-polarizing film having the desired color to determine the target values of the degree of polarization, the transmittance, and the hue and to give the target values of the dichroic organic dye composition and the organic dye composition for coloring.
- the amount is calculated by ignoring the change due to the interaction due to simultaneous staining, and a polarizing film is produced in an aqueous solution of the amount used based on the obtained calculated value.
- a coloring polarizing film obtained by appropriately adjusting the amount of the dichroic organic dye composition and the organic dye composition for coloring in the aqueous solution and dyeing as appropriate This is a colored low polarization lens.
- the polarizing film is based on a dichroic dye by swelling a resin film as a base material in water and then impregnating the dyed liquid containing the dichroic organic dye of the present invention with stretching in one direction. By dispersing in a state of being oriented in the material resin, a film having a polarizing property and a desired color tone is obtained.
- Polyvinyl alcohols are used as the resin used as the base material of the polarizing film used at this time.
- polyvinyl alcohols polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as PVA), a PVA acetate ester structure remaining in a trace amount, and a PVA derivative or Analogs such as polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl acetal, saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer are preferred, and PVA is particularly preferred.
- the molecular weight of the PVA film is preferably from 50,000 to 350,000, more preferably from 100,000 to 300,000, particularly preferably from 150,000 in view of stretchability and film strength.
- the above is preferable.
- the magnification for stretching the PVA film is 2 to 8 times, preferably 3.5 to 6.5 times, particularly 4.0 to 6.0 times in terms of the dichroic ratio after stretching and the film strength.
- the thickness of the PVA film after stretching is 10 ⁇ m or more, and is preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and about 50 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint that it can be handled without being integrated with a protective film or the like.
- a typical manufacturing process when using PVA as a base film is as follows: (1) Washing PVA with water while swelling it in water, removing impurities as appropriate, (2) While stretching as appropriate, (3) Dyeing in a dyeing tank, (4) Crosslinking or chelating treatment in a treatment tank with boric acid or a metal compound, (5) Dry. It is manufactured in the process of. Steps (2) and (3) (in some cases (4)) may be performed in appropriate order or at the same time.
- a PVA film that easily breaks in a dry state at room temperature is uniformly softened and can be stretched. Moreover, it is the process of removing the water-soluble plasticizer etc. which are used for the manufacturing process of a PVA film, or adsorb
- the PVA film does not swell uniformly and sequentially, but always varies. Even in this state, it is important to devise such that a force as small as possible is uniformly applied so as not to be stretched locally or insufficiently stretched and to suppress generation of wrinkles. Also, in this step, it is most desirable to simply swell uniformly, and excessive stretching or the like causes unevenness, and is therefore minimized.
- stretching is usually performed so as to be 2 to 8 times.
- the draw ratio is selected from 3.5 to 6.5 times, particularly from 4.0 to 6.0 times, and the orientation is maintained even in this state. preferable.
- the stretching process is set to be shorter in terms of maintaining higher performance.
- the dyeing in the step (3) is performed by adsorbing or depositing a dye on the polymer chain of the oriented polyvinyl alcohol resin film. From this mechanism, either before, during or after uniaxial stretching is possible and there is no significant change, but the highly regulated surface of the interface is the most easily oriented, and it is preferable to select conditions that take advantage of this. .
- the temperature is usually selected from a high temperature of 40 to 80 ° C. in view of the demand for high productivity. In the present invention, the temperature is usually selected from 25 to 45 ° C., preferably 30 to 40 ° C., particularly 30 to 35 ° C.
- Step (4) is performed in order to improve heat resistance, water resistance and organic solvent resistance.
- the former treatment with boric acid improves heat resistance by cross-linking between PVA chains, but it can be performed before, during or after uniaxial stretching of the polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film, and there is no significant change.
- the latter metal compound mainly forms and stabilizes dye molecules and chelate compounds, and is usually performed after dyeing or simultaneously with dyeing.
- metal compound even if it is a transition metal belonging to any one of the fourth period, the fifth period, and the sixth period, there is a metal compound whose heat resistance and solvent resistance effects are confirmed in the metal compound.
- metal salts such as acetates, nitrates, and sulfates of fourth-period transition metals such as chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc are preferable.
- compounds of nickel, manganese, cobalt, zinc and copper are more preferable because they are inexpensive and have excellent effects.
- More specific examples include, for example, manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate, manganese (III) acetate dihydrate, manganese nitrate (II) hexahydrate, manganese (II) sulfate pentahydrate, Cobalt acetate (II) tetrahydrate, cobalt nitrate (II) hexahydrate, cobalt sulfate (II) heptahydrate, nickel acetate (II) tetrahydrate, nickel nitrate (II) hexahydrate, Nickel (II) sulfate hexahydrate, zinc (II) acetate, zinc (II) sulfate, chromium (III) nitrate nonahydrate, copper (II) acetate monohydrate, copper (II) nitrate trihydrate And copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate. Any one of these metal compounds may be used alone, or a pluralit
- the content of the metal compound and boric acid in the polarizing film is such that the metal compound contains 0.2 to 20 mg of metal per gram of the polarizing film from the viewpoint of imparting heat resistance and solvent resistance to the polarizing film. 1 to 5 mg is preferable.
- the content of boric acid is preferably 0.3 to 30 mg as boron, more preferably 0.5 to 10 mg.
- the composition of the treatment liquid used for the treatment is set so as to satisfy the above content, and generally, the concentration of the metal compound is 0.5 to 30 g / L, and the boric acid concentration is 2 to 20 g / L. preferable.
- the analysis of the content of metal and boron contained in the polarizing film can be performed by atomic absorption spectrometry.
- the temperature is usually the same as that used for dyeing, but is usually selected from 20 to 70 ° C, preferably 25 to 45 ° C, more preferably 30 to 40 ° C, particularly 30 to 35 ° C.
- the time is usually selected from 0.5 to 15 minutes.
- step (5) the dyed uniaxially stretched PVA film that has been stretched, dyed, and appropriately treated with boric acid or a metal compound is dried.
- the PVA film exhibits heat resistance corresponding to the amount of water contained, and when the temperature increases in a state containing a large amount of water, disturbance from the uniaxially stretched state occurs in a shorter time. A decrease in color ratio occurs. Drying proceeds from the surfaces, and it is preferable to dry from both surfaces, and it is preferable to remove the water vapor by dry air blowing.
- a method of immediately removing evaporated water and promoting evaporation is preferable from the viewpoint that drying can be performed while suppressing temperature rise, and the temperature of the drying air is changed to polarized light in a dry state. From the range below the temperature at which the film does not substantially discolor, it is usually blown and dried at a temperature of 70 ° C. or higher, preferably 90 to 120 ° C. for 1 to 120 minutes, preferably 3 to 40 minutes.
- a PVA polarizing film for sunglasses is usually produced by the above process.
- step (3) A dichroic organic dye composition comprising a combination of dichroic organic dyes having a dichroic ratio of 13 or more, and maintaining the degree of polarization at a polarization degree of 30% or more and less than 90%; (3-2).
- the amount of the dichroic organic dye composition (3-1) is less than the amount that gives the lower limit of the desired degree of polarization.
- the organic dye composition for coloring of (3-2) usually has a transmittance in the range of 50 to 8%, and is 5% or more smaller than the transmittance of the dichroic organic dye composition alone. It is selected from the amount that provides the transmittance.
- the upper limit is the transmittance and the degree of polarization of the PVA polarizing film dyed with the dichroic organic dye composition.
- the transmittance and polarization degree of the PVA polarizing film dyed with the organic dye composition for coloring can be selected in a wide range with the lower limit of the degree of polarization and the degree of polarization.
- the color tone is mainly adjusted by the organic dye composition for coloring, and a wide range of color tone corresponding to the change in the usage ratio can be obtained without substantially considering the change in the polarization degree.
- an example of a method for obtaining a use amount that gives a target property value (1). Measure the physical properties of the PVA polarizing film dyed by each of the dichroic organic dye and the coloring organic dye alone, (2). The use amount giving the desired physical property value of the dichroic organic dye composition and the coloring organic dye composition is calculated ignoring the change due to the interaction due to simultaneous dyeing (hereinafter referred to as calculated value 1), (3). A polarizing film is produced in the amount of aqueous solution used based on the calculated value 1, and the physical property value of the produced polarizing film is measured (hereinafter referred to as physical property value 1). (4).
- the physical property value 1 is compared with the target physical property value, and a value obtained by re-adjusting the calculated value 1 is obtained (hereinafter referred to as a calculated value 2), (5).
- a polarizing film is produced in the amount of aqueous solution used based on the calculated value 2, and the physical property value of the produced polarizing film is measured (hereinafter referred to as physical property value 2). (6).
- the scope of the present invention is mainly in the range of intermediate degree of polarization, for example, the degree of polarization is in the range of 45 to less than 90%, preferably in the range of less than 50 to 85%, more preferably in the range of less than 55 to 80%. .
- permeability is adjusted with the organic dye composition for coloring, and adjusting polarization degree with a dichroic organic dye composition after that is mentioned.
- dichroic organic dye having a dichroic ratio of 13 or more among the dyes whose dichroic ratio has been examined by the method described below are specifically exemplified by the following azo dyes, but are not particularly limited thereto. It is not a thing.
- the azo dye is exemplified by a trade name, and a color index generic name is described in parentheses.
- a direct dye composed of an azo dye having a sulfonic acid group is preferable from the viewpoint of dyeability to PVA film and heat resistance.
- the polarizing film In order for the polarizing film to have a desired color tone, which is substantially colorless in the present invention, three or more dichroic organic dyes are usually combined, and each color is directly added to the dyeing solution at a concentration at which a predetermined transmittance can be obtained. Dissolve or disperse the dye.
- an inorganic salt such as sodium sulfate is appropriately added to the dyeing solution as a dyeing aid.
- an organic dye for coloring that has a dichroic ratio of 4 or less, or an extremely low dichroic ratio that has substantially no dichroic ratio
- the following azo dyes, mordant dyes, reactive dyes, and acid dyes are exemplified, but not particularly limited thereto.
- Direct Brilliant Pink B (CIDirect Red9) Kayarus Light Red F5G (CIDirect Red225) Direct Light Rose FR (CIDirect Red227) Sumilight Supra Turquoise Blue G (CIDirect Blue86) Direct Supra Blue FFRL (CIDirect Blue108) Kayarus Cupro Green G (CIDirect Green59) Direct Fast Black B (CIDirect Black22) Sunchromine Yellow MR (CIMordant Yellow3) Chrome Yellow AS (CIMordant Yellow5) Chrome Yellow 3R (CIMordant Yellow8) Chrome Yellow PG (CIMordant Yellow23) Chrome Orange FL (CIMordant Orange29) Chrome Red B conc. (CIMordant Red7) Chrome Red 5G (CIMordant Red19) Sunchromine Brilliant Violet R conc.
- the above dyes are usually not called dichroic dyes.
- the above-mentioned pigments (dyes) exhibiting a high dichroic ratio are described in patent documents and the like, and the dichroic ratio can be known.
- the coloring organic dye of the present application the present inventors have not found a patent document or the like with the description, either because the dichroic ratio has never been used or because there was no meaning to use it. . Therefore, the organic dye for coloring of the present application described above is an example that is easily confirmed by the following method of dyeing a PVA film using a known dye (not known as a high dichroic ratio).
- a dichroic ratio is based on the value calculated
- the degree of polarization is set to 99% or more, the dichroic ratio of the organic dye for coloring contributes to the direction of increasing the degree of polarization even if it is high. It is a change and not a problem.
- the target range of the present application is controlled to a low degree of polarization of less than 90%, for example, about 60%. Therefore, the effect of increasing the degree of polarization is not negligible even with a coloring organic dye exhibiting a low dichroic ratio, and the use amount and the like considering these are selected.
- the magnitude of the dichroic ratio is related to a change in color tone during thermoforming, and tends to increase as it increases. In general, it is preferable to exhibit a smaller dichroic ratio when dyeing from this point because the change in the degree of polarization accompanying coloring and the change in color tone during thermoforming are small.
- the dichroic ratio of the dichroic organic dye or coloring organic dye in the present invention is a production in which the value of the dichroic ratio measured at 600 nm is 60 or more in a polarizing film produced by dyeing with iodine. Under conditions, it refers to a value measured at the maximum absorption wavelength in a polarizing film produced using a dichroic organic dye instead of iodine.
- the protective layer which consists of a transparent plastic sheet is normally stuck on both surfaces of this coloring low-polarizing film through the contact bonding layer, and it is set as the polarizing sheet of this invention.
- the transparent plastic sheet usually has a thickness of 0.1 to 1 mm, and examples thereof include a single layer or a multilayer sheet formed by a coextrusion method, for example, an aromatic polycarbonate / polyacrylate coextrusion sheet.
- the surface on the concave side and the injection-molded resin side in the bending process is an aromatic polycarbonate.
- the polarizing sheet of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the present polarizing sheet) is usually punched into individual lens shapes with protective films on both surfaces, and then subjected to thermal bending to protect the surface.
- the film is peeled off, mounted on an injection mold, and an injection-molded polarizing lens integrated with the injection-molded aromatic polycarbonate.
- the resin for the transparent plastic sheet examples include aromatic polycarbonate, amorphous polyolefin, polyacrylate, polysulfone, acetyl cellulose, polystyrene, polyester, polyamide, and a composition of aromatic polycarbonate and alicyclic polyester.
- Aromatic polycarbonate resins are preferred from the viewpoint of mechanical strength and impact resistance, and polyolefins, Examples thereof include acrylates and polyamides, and polyacrylates and polyamides are exemplified from the viewpoint of dyeability after lens molding.
- Aromatic polycarbonate sheets are made from 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) alkane and 2,2- (4-hydroxy-3,5-dihalogenophenyl) in terms of film strength, heat resistance, durability, and bending workability.
- a polymer produced by a known method from a bisphenol compound typified by alkane is preferred, and the polymer skeleton may contain a structural unit derived from a fatty acid diol or a structural unit having an ester bond.
- Aromatic polycarbonates derived from 2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane are preferred.
- the molecular weight of the aromatic polycarbonate is preferably 12,000 to 40,000, more preferably 20,000 to 35,000 in terms of viscosity average molecular weight.
- aromatic polycarbonate has a large photoelastic constant, and colored interference fringes are easily generated based on birefringence due to stress and orientation. Therefore, it is preferable to make the colored interference fringes invisible by giving a large retardation value in advance, and at least the retardation value is 2000 nm or more, 20000 nm or less, preferably 3000 nm or more, particularly 4000 nm or more when considering a decrease in the processing step. It is preferable that The higher the retardation value, the more the colored interference fringes become invisible.
- the retardation value represents the degree of orientation and the residual stress, and a higher value has a demerit that the accuracy of the surface shape is lower.
- the colored interference fringes can be seen with the human eye only after passing through the polarizing film. Therefore, the effect of the sheet having a high retardation is due to use on the light incident side of the polarizing film, that is, the opposite side of human eyes.
- the alicyclic polyester resin of the present invention that can be used as a composition with an aromatic polycarbonate, as a sheet or film for a protective layer, or as an injection molding resin for lenses is represented by, for example, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.
- the dicarboxylic acid component, the diol component represented by 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, and other small amounts of components as necessary are esterified or transesterified, and then gradually added with a polymerization catalyst as appropriate. Further, it is obtained by a known method in which the pressure in the reaction vessel is reduced and a polycondensation reaction is performed.
- Polyamide resins include those known as transparent polyamide resins for lenses, and have a heat deformation temperature range of 100 to 170 ° C., which is an index of heat resistance.
- Aromatic polyamide resins, alicyclic polyamide resins, aliphatic polyamides Resins and copolymers thereof are mentioned, and alicyclic polyamide resins are preferred from the balance of mechanical strength, chemical resistance, transparency, etc., but two or more polyamide resins may be combined. .
- polyamide resins examples include GLILAMID TR FE5577, XE 3805 (manufactured by EMS), NOVAMID X21 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics), Toyobo nylon T-714E (manufactured by Toyobo), and the like.
- (Meth) acrylic resin is polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), homopolymers of various (meth) acrylic esters represented by methyl methacrylate (MMA), or PMMA or MMA and one or more other monomers. And a mixture of a plurality of these resins may be used.
- (meth) acrylates having a cyclic alkyl structure excellent in low birefringence, low hygroscopicity, and heat resistance are preferable.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylic resin as described above include Acrypet (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon), Delpet (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals), and parapet (manufactured by Kuraray).
- the adhesive used to bond the transparent plastic sheet on both sides of the colored low-polarizing film includes polyvinyl alcohol resin material, acrylic resin material, urethane resin material, polyester resin material, melamine resin material, epoxy resin System materials, silicone materials, etc. can be used.
- an aromatic polycarbonate sheet in particular, a two-component type comprising a polyurethane prepolymer which is a urethane resin material and a curing agent, from the viewpoint of the adhesive layer itself or the transparency when bonded and the adhesive property with the aromatic polycarbonate sheet.
- the thermosetting urethane resin is preferable.
- the aromatic polycarbonate polarizing sheet used for the colored polarizing lens suitable for the sunglasses of the present invention is not limited to the above-described layer structure, and in the adhesive that bonds the polarizing film and the transparent protective layer, a dimming dye is used. You may use the polarizing sheet which also has the light control function produced using the melt
- the protective layer of the present invention is selected so that processing conditions that do not substantially impair the function of the functional layer can be selected under the preferable processing conditions.
- a polyester-based super multi-layer selective reflection film is used in combination as a functional layer
- this super multi-layer selective reflection film is manufactured by manufacturing a multi-layer sheet so that the thickness of one layer is 1 / 4 ⁇ .
- a so-called “Kintaro” manufacturing method which is repeatedly stretched as appropriate to have a predetermined optical thickness, is used.
- it is indispensable that the processing conditions in the state in which the functionality is maintained should be selected such that the processing time is such that the relaxation from the stretched state does not substantially occur.
- the polarizing sheet is processed into a shape for each lens by punching or the like, and then subjected to bending.
- Processing into individual lens-shaped products is usually performed by punching a plurality of lens-shaped products using a punching blade made of a Thomson blade from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the shape of the individual lens shape product is appropriately selected depending on the shape of the final product (sunglasses, goggles, etc.).
- a standard lens-shaped product for binocular use is a disc having a diameter of 80 mm or a slit shape in which both ends thereof are cut out in the direction perpendicular to the polarization axis.
- the bending process was mentioned in the selection of the type of the transparent plastic sheet for the protective layer used in the polarizing sheet, but the deterioration of the layer exhibiting the functionality of the polarizing sheet including the colored polarizing film of the present invention was reduced. It is determined by the condition that it does not substantially occur.
- the mold temperature in the bending process of the aromatic polycarbonate polarizing sheet is preferably equal to or lower than the glass transition temperature of the aromatic polycarbonate used.
- the temperature of the stretched polycarbonate polarizing sheet immediately before bending by the pre-heat treatment is the glass transition of the aromatic polycarbonate.
- the temperature is preferably 50 ° C. lower than the point and lower than the glass transition point, and particularly preferably 40 ° C. lower than the glass transition point and lower than 5 ° C. lower than the glass transition point.
- an aromatic polycarbonate resin is injected to form an exit polarizing lens.
- the processing conditions for injection molding must be able to produce lenses with excellent appearance. From this point, the injection conditions, such as injection pressure, holding pressure, metering, molding cycle, etc., for obtaining a lens molded product with a high filling rate in a range where burrs do not occur, are selected, and the resin temperature is an aromatic polycarbonate resin. In particular, it is appropriately selected from 260 to 320 ° C.
- the mold temperature is selected from a temperature that is 100 ° C. lower than the glass transition temperature of the aromatic polycarbonate resin or a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature, preferably a temperature that is 80 ° C. lower than the glass transition temperature and 15 ° C. lower than the glass transition temperature. Less than, in particular, a temperature that is 70 ° C. lower than the glass transition temperature and lower than 25 ° C. lower than the glass transition point is preferable.
- the firing temperature is preferably a temperature that is 50 ° C. lower than the glass transition temperature of the aromatic polycarbonate used in the aromatic polycarbonate polarizing sheet and less than the glass transition temperature, and more preferably 40 ° C. lower than the glass transition temperature.
- the temperature is around 120 ° C., which is less than 15 ° C., and the time required for firing the hard coat is generally between 30 minutes and 2 hours.
- Dichroic organic dye composition Dichroic dye composition A: Blue 1: CIDirect Blue 237 (19.9), Red 1: CIDirect Red 81 (22.0), Yellow 1: CIDirect Orange 39 (23.6) Dichroic dye composition B: Blue 2: CIDirect Blue 78 (9.2), Red 2: CIDirect Red 254 (10.9), Yellow 2: CIDirect Yellow 12 (9.0) (2) Coloring organic dye composition Coloring organic dye composition a: Blue 3: Kayacion Blue CF-BL (1.3), Red 3: Novacron Red C-2G (1.4), Yellow 3: CI Reactive Yellow 145 (2.6) Organic dye composition for coloring b: Blue 4: CIDirect Blue 86 (1.7), Red 4: CIDirect Red 225 (2.6), Yellow 4: CI Mordant Yellow 8 (1.7) Organic dye composition for coloring c: Blue 4: CIDirect Blue 86 (1.7), Blue 5: CIDirect Blue 108 (1.6), Red 5: CIDirect Red 227 (1.6), Yellow 5: CIMordant Yellow 5 (2.5)
- the production method and measurement method of the organic dye dichroic ratio measurement sample were as follows.
- Dichroic ratio of organic dye (Measurement sample manufacturing method)
- the dichroic ratio of the dichroic organic dye or coloring organic dye in the present invention is a production condition in which the value of the dichroic ratio measured by a polarizing film produced by staining with iodine is 60 or more, The value measured in the polarizing film manufactured using the dichroic organic dye or the organic dye for coloring instead of iodine. (Measuring method) Measured according to the dye used.
- the dichroic ratio was determined by the following formula, and the value of the maximum absorption wavelength of each dye was used.
- Dichroic ratio Az / Ax
- Ax represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light in the maximum transmission direction
- Az represents the absorbance of linearly polarized light in the direction orthogonal to the maximum transmission direction.
- Ax and Az were measured using a spectrophotometer (UV-3600) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation with linearly polarized light incident on the sample.
- Table 1 The description of Table 1 regarding the dichroic organic dye composition used and its use amount, the organic dye composition for coloring and its use amount is as follows. Calculated value: A value obtained by ignoring the change due to the interaction due to the simultaneous staining from the result of the single staining system described above. Experimental measured value: Value measured and measured based on the above calculated values. After color adjustment (Example 1 only): Value after adjusting the concentration of the coloring organic dye composition. Mainly, the concentration is increased so as to obtain a desired transmittance. After adjustment: Concentration adjustment of the organic dye composition for coloring mainly increases the concentration so that the desired transmittance is obtained, and mainly increases the degree of polarization by adjusting the concentration of the dichroic organic dye composition. The value after the density reduction.
- Table 2 shows the polarization degree and color tone of the obtained polarizing film.
- the degree of polarization was obtained from the following equation.
- Polarization degree 100 ⁇ ( ⁇ pmax ⁇ pmin) / ( ⁇ pmax + ⁇ pmin)
- ⁇ pmax represents the maximum value of the luminous transmittance measured with incident linearly polarized light
- ⁇ pmin represents the minimum value of the luminous transmittance measured with incident linearly polarized light
- ⁇ pmax and ⁇ pmin are values representing Ax and Az as luminous transmittance.
- Example 1 Based on the results of Example 1, it is considered that the same tendency is observed in the colors and the degree of polarization of Examples 2 to 5, and the effect of increasing the degree of polarization is ignored even with a coloring organic dye exhibiting a low dichroic ratio. Since it was not possible, the dye composition ratio after color adjustment and after polarization degree adjustment was simultaneously estimated and carried out based on experimentally measured values. The acceptable range was ⁇ 2 for the color tone (each of L *, a *, and b *) and ⁇ 3% for the degree of polarization. In Examples 3 and 5, the same operation was repeated. It was confirmed that there was reproducibility in the production of the polarizing film of the present invention.
- a polarizing film is prepared by dyeing with a dichroic organic dye composition having a dichroic ratio of 13 or more and a coloring organic dye composition having a dichroic ratio of 4 or less.
- a polarizing film having a polarization degree adjusted to a low level with a desired transmittance.
- an aromatic polycarbonate polarizing sheet was prepared.
- (B) Aromatic polycarbonate polarizing sheet A urethane-based adhesive was applied to the polarizing film obtained in (A) using a bar coater # 12 and dried at 70 ° C. for 10 minutes. The stretching axis of an aromatic polycarbonate sheet (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Inc.) having a value of 5500 nm and the stretching axis of the polarizing film were aligned and bonded together with a laminator. An adhesive was applied to the polarizing film side of the laminated sheet in the same manner as described above, and another aromatic polycarbonate sheet was bonded in the same manner to obtain an aromatic polycarbonate polarizing sheet. The thickness of the adhesive coating film after curing was 9 to 11 ⁇ m.
- (D) Aromatic polycarbonate polarizing sheet
- the aromatic polycarbonate polarizing sheet obtained in (B) was bent using a mold having a base curve of 7.95 (curvature radius of 66.67 mm). In bending, molding was performed under conditions of a mold temperature of 137 ° C. and a holding time of 1200 seconds.
- the base curve here is used to mean the curvature of the front surface of the lens, and is a value obtained by dividing 530 by the radius of curvature in millimeters.
- the aromatic polycarbonate polarizing sheet after bending had no cracks in the polarizing film.
- Table 3 shows the transmittance and color tone of the aromatic polycarbonate polarizing sheet after bending the sample measured in the same manner as in (C), and the color difference ⁇ E * ab in the CIE 1976 (L * a * b *) color space before and after molding. .
- the aromatic polycarbonate polarizing sheet using the polarizing film dyed only with the dichroic organic dye composition of the reference example had a color difference of 3.7 before and after processing.
- the color difference before and after processing is 1.1 to 2. 5. It can be seen that changes in color tone and transmittance before and after bending are small.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、芳香族ポリカーボネートは光弾性定数が大きいので、サングラスやゴーグルのような球面あるいは非球面の面形状に曲げ加工を施した際に、リタデーションによる着色干渉縞が生じやすく、この着色干渉縞が外観を損ね、眼精疲労を引き起こす等の問題を抱えている。
より高性能の偏光レンズとの観点からは、より高い二色比を示す染料を用いることにより偏光レンズに入射した光の垂直方向の偏光成分の吸収をより少なくしたものが求められている。
この際に、ポリビニルアルコールフィルムへの二色性色素の染着量を各色で変えることにより、所望の色調や透過率の偏光レンズを得ることが出来る。
高透過、高偏光品の場合、二色比が高い染料の組み合わせを用い、加工工程におけるその劣化も小さく保つことが必須である。この点から、特に高透過、高偏光のものは、劣化の激しい熱曲げ工程を用いないものとなり、二次元曲げ品や曲げの極めて小さい三次元曲げ品に限定されている。
サングラス用のPVA偏光フィルムとしては、偏光度99%以上で、全光線透過率30%以上のものもあるが、全光線透過率は概ね10~25%程度である。
この方法では、用いる二色性色素の種類により得られる色の範囲が狭い範囲となり、また、球面あるいは非球面の面形状に曲げ加工、曲げ加工品の凹面への透明樹脂の射出成形などの成形工程における色変化も相対的に大きいという課題があった。
実質的に変化しないことが確認された。
この結果から、色変化は、球面あるいは非球面の面形状に曲げ加工する工程にて、主に発生するものであることがわかった。
さらに、成形前後での色調や透過率の変化が大きいと、色調や透過率が変化する量が一定ではなく、バラツキが大きくなり、成形した製品間で色調や透過率の差が生じてしまうという問題があった。
偏光度が低いことから、偏光サングラスとは言われないが、所定の低い偏光度で、所定の低い全光線透過率のサングラスもある。
このサングラスを調べたところ、所定の低い偏光度の高透過率のPVA偏光フィルムと所定範囲の低透過率の着色フィルムを重ねて用いることにより、所定範囲の低い透過率とされたものが確認された。
この方法は、所定の色と透過率の着色フィルムを併用しなければならないとの問題点があるが、着色フィルムの色と透過率の選択により、着色フィルムの色調をもった低透過率のサングラスが製造できるとの利点を持ったものである。
(1)ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムを水膨潤、一軸延伸しつつ、二色性有機染料にて染色し、乾燥することにて製造された偏光フィルムにおいて、前記二色性有機染料が、二色比が13以上の二色性有機染料の組み合わせからなり、偏光度30%以上90%未満で偏光度を維持する量の二色性有機染料組成物と、二色比が4以下である極低二色比あるいは実質的に二色比を持たない染料の組み合わせからなり、所望色に染色する量の着色用有機染料組成物とにより染色された偏光度が45%~90%である着色低偏光フィルムである。
(2)前記の二色性有機染料組成物が、目的とする偏光度の下限値を与える量よりも少ない量であること、
(3)前記着色用有機染料組成物の染着量が、透過率が50~8%で、前記の二色性有機染料組成物単独での透過率よりも5%以上小さい透過率となる量である着色低偏光フィルムである。
(4)ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムを水膨潤、一軸延伸しつつ、二色性有機染料にて染色し、乾燥することからなる偏光フィルムの製造法において、前記二色性有機染料が、二色比が13以上の二色性有機染料の組み合わせからなり、偏光度30%以上90%未満で偏光度を維持する量の二色性有機染料組成物と、二色比が4以下である極低二色比あるいは実質的に二色比を持たない染料の組み合わせからなり、所望色に染色する量の染着用有機染料組成物とを用いてなる偏光度が45%~90%であることを特徴とする着色低偏光フィルムの製造法である。
(5)前記の染色を同じ水溶液中に溶解させた前記の二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物とを用いること、
(6)前記の二色性有機染料組成物を、目的とする偏光度の下限値を与える量よりも少ない量で用いること、
(7)前記着色用有機染料組成物を透過率が50~8%で、前記二色性有機染料組成物単独での透過率よりも5%以上小さい透過率となる量で用いること、または、
(8)前記の所望色の低偏光フィルムに関して、偏光度、透過率、色相の目的値を定め、前記の二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物との前記目的値を与える使用量を、同時染色による相互作用による変化を無視して算出し、得られた算出値に基づいた使用量の水溶液中にて偏光フィルムを製造し、製造された偏光フィルムの実測値と、前記目的値とを比較し、前記水溶液中の前記の二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物との使用量を再調整して染色することを適宜繰り返すことによる着色低偏光フィルムの製造法である。
(9)ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムを水膨潤、一軸延伸しつつ、二色性有機染料にて染色し、乾燥してなる偏光フィルムの両面に接着層を介して透明プラスチックシートを貼り合わせた偏光シートにおいて、前記偏光フィルムの偏光度が45%~90%である所望色の着色低偏光フィルムであり、前記偏光フィルムの製造に用いる前記二色性有機染料として、二色比が13以上の二色性有機染料の組み合わせからなり、偏光度30%以上90%未満で偏光度を維持する量の二色性有機染料組成物と二色比が4以下である極低二色比あるいは実質的に二色比を持たない染料の組み合わせからなり、所望色に染色する量の着色用有機染料組成物とを用いてなることを特徴とする着色低偏光シートである。
(10)前記の染色を、二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物とを同じ水溶液中で用いてなるものであること、
(11)前記の二色性有機染料組成物を、目的とする偏光度の下限値を与える量よりも少ない量で用いること、
(12)前記着色用有機染料組成物の染着量が、透過率が50~8%で、前記の二色性有機染料組成物単独での透過率よりも5%以上小さい透過率となる量であること、
(13)透明プラスチックシートの樹脂が、芳香族ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリレート、アセチルセルロース、及び芳香族ポリカーボネートと脂環式ポリエステルとの組成物からなる群より選択される1つ以上であること、
(14)前記透明プラスチックシートが芳香族ポリカーボネートシートであり、複屈折3000nm以上で厚み0.1~1mmであること、
(15)前記接着層に、ポリウレタンプレポリマーとヒドロキシ(ポリ)アクリレートとを含む硬化剤からなる2液型の熱硬化性ポリウレタン樹脂を用いるものであること、
(16)前記の所望色の低偏光フィルムに関して、偏光度、透過率、色相の目的値を定め、前記の二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物との前記目的値を与える使用量を、同時染色による相互作用による変化を無視して算出し、得られた算出値に基づいた使用量の水溶液中にて偏光フィルムを製造し、製造された偏光フィルムの値と、前記目的値とを比較し、前記水溶液中の前記の二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物との使用量を再調整して染色することを適宜繰り返してなることを特徴とする着色偏光フィルムである着色低偏光シートである。
(17)ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムを水膨潤、一軸延伸しつつ、二色性有機染料にて染色し、乾燥してなる偏光フィルムの両面に接着層を介して透明プラスチックシートを貼り合わせた偏光シートを球面あるいは非球面に曲げた曲げ偏光レンズまたは該偏光シートを球面あるいは非球面に曲げてその凹面に透明樹脂を射出成形してなる射出偏光レンズにおいて、前記透明樹脂が芳香族ポリカーボネートであって、前記偏光シートの片側表面が芳香族ポリカーボネートで、該片側表面が凹面側となるように曲げ加工してなり、前記偏光フィルムの偏光度が45%~90%である所望色の着色低偏光フィルムであり、前記偏光フィルムの製造に用いる前記二色性有機染料として、二色比が13以上の二色性有機染料の組み合わせからなり、偏光度30%以上90%未満で偏光度を維持する量の二色性有機染料組成物と二色比が4以下である極低二色比あるいは実質的に二色比を持たない染料の組み合わせからなり、所望色に染色する量の着色用有機染料組成物とを用いてなることを特徴とする着色低偏光レンズである。
(18)前記の染色を、二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物とを同じ水溶液中で用いてなるものであること、
(19)前記の二色性有機染料組成物を、目的とする偏光度の下限値を与える量よりも少ない量で用いこと、
(20)前記着色用有機染料組成物の染着量が、透過率が50~8%で、前記の二色性有機染料組成物単独での透過率よりも5%以上小さい透過率となる量であること、
(21)透明プラスチックシートの樹脂が、芳香族ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリレート、アセチルセルロース、及び芳香族ポリカーボネートと脂環式ポリエステルとの組成物からなる群より選択される1つ以上であること、
(22)前記透明プラスチックシートが芳香族ポリカーボネートシートであり、複屈折3000nm以上で厚み0.1~1mmであること、
(23)前記接着層に、ポリウレタンプレポリマーとヒドロキシ(ポリ)アクリレートとを含む硬化剤からなる2液型の熱硬化性ポリウレタン樹脂を用いるものであること、
(24)前記の所望色の低偏光フィルムに関して、偏光度、透過率、色相の目的値を定め、前記の二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物との前記目的値を与える使用量を、同時染色による相互作用による変化を無視して算出し、得られた算出値に基づいた使用量の水溶液中にて偏光フィルムを製造し、製造された偏光フィルムの値と、前記目的値とを比較し、前記水溶液中の前記の二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物との使用量を再調整して染色することを適宜繰り返してなることを特徴とする着色偏光フィルムである着色低偏光レンズである。
偏光フィルムは、基材となる樹脂フィルムを水中で膨潤させた後に、本願発明の二色性有機染料を含有する染色液に、一方向に延伸させつつ含浸することにより、二色性色素を基材樹脂中に配向した状態で分散させて、偏光性及び所望の色調を付与したフィルムを得ることによる。
(1)PVAを水中にて膨潤させつつ水洗し、適宜、不純物を取り除き、
(2)適宜、延伸しつつ、
(3)染色槽にて染色し、
(4)ホウ酸または金属化合物による処理槽にて架橋乃至キレート化処理し、
(5)乾燥する、
との工程にて製造される。尚、工程(2)、(3)(場合により(4))は、適宜、その順序をかえても、また、同時に行っても良いものである。
本発明では、加工性が良いことが重要であるので、延伸倍率を3.5~6.5倍、特に4.0~6.0倍から選択し、この状態でも配向性を維持するのが好ましい。
延伸配向された状態で、水中に存在する時間、さらに乾燥までの時間が長いと配向緩和が進むものであることから、より高い性能を維持するとの観点からは延伸処理はより短時間となるように設定し、延伸後は、出来るだけ早く水分を除く、すなわち、直ちに乾燥工程に導き過剰な熱負荷を避けつつ乾燥させることが好ましい。
温度は、高い生産性との要求から通常は40~80℃の高温から選択されるが、本発明では通常25~45℃、好ましくは30~40℃、特に30~35℃から選択する。
前者のホウ酸による処理はPVA鎖間の架橋にて耐熱性を向上させるものであるが、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムの一軸延伸の前中後のいずれでも可能であり大きな変化はない。また、後者の金属化合物は主に、染料分子とキレート化合物を形成して安定化させるものであり、通常、染色後或いは染色と同時に行う。
より具体的な例としては、例えば、酢酸マンガン(II)四水和物、酢酸マンガン(III)二水和物、硝酸マンガン(II)六水和物、硫酸マンガン(II)五水和物、酢酸コバルト(II)四水和物、硝酸コバルト(II)六水和物、硫酸コバルト(II)七水和物、酢酸ニッケル(II)四水和物、硝酸ニッケル(II)六水和物、硫酸ニッケル(II)六水和物、酢酸亜鉛(II)、硫酸亜鉛(II)、硝酸クロム(III)九水和物、酢酸銅(II)一水和物、硝酸銅(II)三水和物、硫酸銅(II)五水和物などが挙げられる。これらの金属化合物のうち、いずれか1種を単独で用いてもよく、複数種を組み合わせて用いることもできる。
処理に用いる処理液の組成は以上の含有率を満たすように設定され、一般的には、金属化合物の濃度は0.5~30g/L、ホウ酸濃度は2~20g/Lであることが好ましい。
偏光フィルムに含有される金属およびホウ素の含有率の分析は、原子吸光分析法により
行うことができる。
乾燥は表面から進むものであり、両表面から乾燥させることが好ましく、乾燥空気送風にて水蒸気を除きつつ行うことが好ましい。また、周知のように、過剰な加熱を避ける点から、蒸発した水分を直ちに除去して蒸発を促進させる方法が温度上昇を抑えた乾燥ができる点から好ましく、乾燥空気の温度を乾燥状態の偏光フィルムが実質的に変色しない温度以下の範囲から、通常、70℃以上、好ましくは90~120℃の温度で、1~120分間、好ましくは3~40分間にて送風乾燥する。
本発明では、上記した工程(3)において、
(3-1).二色比が13以上の二色性有機染料の組み合わせからなり、偏光度30%以上90%未満で偏光度を維持する量の二色性有機染料組成物と、
(3-2).二色比が4以下である極低二色比あるいは実質的に二色比を持たない染料の組み合わせからなり、所望色に染色する量の着色用有機染料組成物と、
(3-3).この両者を用いて染色することを特徴とする。
また、前記(3-2)の着色用有機染料組成物は、通常、透過率が50~8%の範囲とし、前記の二色性有機染料組成物単独での透過率よりも5%以上小さい透過率となる量から選択される。
また、色調は、主に着色用有機染料組成物にて調整され、偏光度の変化を実質的に考慮することなく使用量比の変更に対応した広い範囲の色調が得られる。
(1).二色性有機染料および着色用有機染料のそれぞれ単独にて染色したPVA偏光フィルムの物性値を測定し、
(2).前記の二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物との目的物性値を与える使用量を、同時染色による相互作用による変化を無視して算出し(以下、算出値1と記す)、
(3).算出値1に基づいた使用量の水溶液中にて偏光フィルムを製造し、製造された偏光フィルムの物性値を測定し(以下、物性値1と記す)、
(4).物性値1と前記目的物性値とを比較し、算出値1を再調整した値を求め(以下、算出値2と記す)、
(5).算出値2に基づいた使用量の水溶液中にて偏光フィルムを製造し、製造された偏光フィルムの物性値を測定し(以下、物性値2と記す)
(6).物性値2と前記の目的物性値とを比較し、
(7).前記目的物性値に到達していないと判断される場合、算出値の再調整、偏光フィルム製造、物性値の測定を適宜、繰り返す方法による。
本発明の範囲は主に中間的な偏光度の範囲、例えば、偏光度が45~90%未満の範囲、好ましくは50~85%未満の範囲、より好ましくは55~80%未満の範囲である。この範囲において、二色比の高い二色性有機染料組成物の場合、偏光度の変化に対する透過率の変化は比較的に小さい。故に、着色用有機染料組成物にて透過率を調整し、その後、二色性有機染料組成物により偏光度を調整することが挙げられる。
Sumilight Supra Yellow BC conc(C.I.Direct Yellow28)
Kayarus Light Yellow F8G(C.I.Direct Yellow87)
Kayacelon Yellow C-2RL(C.I.Direct Yellow164)
Direct Fast Orange S (C.I.Direct Orange26)
Sumilight Supra Orange 2GL 125%(C.I.Direct Orange39)
Nippon Fast Scarlet GSX(C.I.Direct Red4)
Fast Scarlet 4BS(C.I.Direct Red23)
Sumilight Red 4B(C.I.Direct Red81)
Kayarus Supra Blue BWL 143(C.I.Direct Blue237)
Kayarus Supra Brown GL 125(C.I.Direct Brown195)
Kayarus Supra Brown B2R(C.I.Direct Brown209)
Kayarus Supra Brown GTL(C.I.Direct Brown210)
偏光フィルムが所望の色調、本発明では実質的に無色となるように、二色性有機染料を通常3種以上組み合わせて、所定の透過率が得られるような濃度で染色液中に各色の直接染料を溶解あるいは分散させる。
染色液には直接染料の他に、染色助剤として硫酸ナトリウム等の無機塩を適宜添加する。
Direct Brilliant Pink B(C.I.Direct Red9)
Kayarus Light Red F5G(C.I.Direct Red225)
Direct Light Rose FR(C.I.Direct Red227)
Sumilight Supra Turquoise Blue G(C.I.Direct Blue86)
Direct Supra Blue FFRL(C.I.Direct Blue108)
Kayarus Cupro Green G(C.I.Direct Green59)
Direct Fast Black B(C.I.Direct Black22)
Sunchromine Yellow MR(C.I.Mordant Yellow3)
Chrome Yellow AS(C.I.Mordant Yellow5)
Chrome Yellow 3R(C.I.Mordant Yellow8)
Chrome Yellow PG(C.I.Mordant Yellow23)
Chrome Orange FL(C.I.Mordant Orange29)
Chrome Red B conc.(C.I.Mordant Red7)
Chrome Red 5G(C.I.Mordant Red19)
Sunchromine Brilliant Violet R conc.(C.I.Mordant Violet1:1)
Chrome Fine Violet R(C.I.Mordant Violet1)
Chrome Cyanine BXS(C.I.Mordant Blue1)
Mordant Blue B 120%(C.I.Mordant Blue13)
Chrome Cyanine BLA(C.I.Mordant Blue29)
Mordant Green L(C.I.Mordant Green17)
Chrome Green 3B-N(C.I.Mordant Green28)
Mordant Brown KS(C.I.Mordant Brown15)
Chrome Brown LE(C.I.Mordant Brown19)
Chrome Brown RH(C.I.Mordant Brown33)
Chrome Black P2B(C.I.Mordant Black7)
Chrome Black PLW(C.I.Mordant Black9)
Chrome Black ET-1(C.I.Mordant Black11)
Chrome Navy CR 158%(C.I.Mordant Black17)
Chrome Light Grey G(C.I.Mordant Black38)
Chrome Bordeaux FB
Alizarine Chrome Brilliant Blue BL
Chrome Blue 2G
Sumifix Yellow GR 150%(C.I Reactive Yellow15)
Lanasol Yellow 4G(C.I Reactive Yellow39)
Sumifix Golden Yellow GG(A) 150%(C.I Reactive Yellow76)
Kayacion Yellow E-S4R(C.I Reactive Yellow84)
Novacron Yellow P-6GS gran(C.I Reactive Yellow95)
Kayacion Yellow E-SNA(C.I Reactive Yellow102)
Kayacion Yellow E-SN4G(C.I Reactive Yellow105)
Drimarene Yellow K-2R CDG(C.I Reactive Yellow125)
Sumifix Supra Yellow 3RF 150% gran(C.I Reactive Yellow145)
Sumifix Supra Brilliant Yellow 3GF 150% gr(C.I Reactive Yellow167)
Novacron Yellow C-R(C.I Reactive Yellow168)
Novcron Yellow C-5G(C.I Reactive Yellow175)
Kayacion Yellow CF-3RJ 150
Kayacion Yellow E-CM
Procion Orange PX-RN(C.I.Reactive Orange5)
Remazol Brilliant Orange 3R Special(C.I.Reactive Orange16)
Levafix Yellow E-3RL gran(C.I.Reactive Orange30)
Levafix Orange E-3GA gran(C.I.Reactive Orange64)
Remazol Golden Yellow RNL gran 150%(C.I.Reactive Orange107)
Drimaren Rubinol X3LR CDG(C.I.Reactive Red55)
Brilliant Red G SPL(C.I.Reactive Red112)
Brilliant Red 7BF Liq 25%(C.I.Reactive Red114)
Lanasol Red 2G(C.I.Reactive Red116)
Levafix Scarlet E-2GA gran(C.I.Reactive Red124)
Levafix Brilliant Red E-4BA gran(C.I.Reactive Red158)
Levafix Brilliant Red E-6BA gran(C.I.Reactive Red159)
Remazol Brilliant Red F3B gran(C.I.Reactive Red180)
Supra Brilliant Red 3BF 150% gran(C.I.Reactive Red195)
Remazol Red RB 133%(C.I.Reactive Red198)
Supra Scarlet 2GF 150G(C.I.Reactive Red222)
Novacron Red P-6B Gran. 150%
Novacron Red C-2G
Kayacion Violet A-3R(C.I.Reactive Violet1)
Remazol Brill. Violet 5R(C.I.Reactive Violet5)
Drimaren Violet K-2RL CDG(C.I.Reactive Violet33)
Remazol Brill. Blue RN(C.I.Reactive Blue19)
Sumifix Turquoise Blue G(N) conc.(C.I.Reactive Blue21)
Novacron Blue P-3R IN(C.I.Reactive Blue49)
Lanasol Blue 3R(C.I.Reactive Blue50)
Drimarene Blue X-3LR CDG(C.I.Reactive Blue52)
Lanasol Blue 3G(C.I.Reactive Blue69)
Novacron Turquoise P-GR 150%(C.I.Reactive Blue72)
Drimarene Navy X-RBL CDG(C.I.Reactive Blue79)
Lanasol Blue 8G-01 150%(C.I.Reactive Blue185)
Drimarene Blue K-2RL CDG(C.I.Reactive Blue209)
Sumifix Supra Blue BRF 150% gran.(C.I.Reactive Blue221)
Sumifix Supra Navy Blue BF gran.(C.I.Reactive Blue222)
Sumifix Supra Turquoise Blue BGF(N)(C.I.Reactive Blue231)
Novacron Blue C-R(C.I.Reactive Blue235)
Kayacion Blue CF-GJ 150
Kayacion Blue CF-BL
Kayacin Marine E-CM
Kayacion Navy E-CM
Sumifix Supra Navy Blue 3GF 150% gran
Levafix Brown E-2R gran(C.I.Reactive Brown19)
Novacron Brown P-6R Gran. 150
Remazol Black B-N 150%(C.I.Reactive Black5)
Remazol Black RL 133%(C.I.Reactive Black31)
Remazol Deep Black N 150%(C.I.Reactive Black31)
Acid Quinoline Yellow WS H/C(C.I.Acid Yellow3)
Kayacyl Yellow GG 80(C.I.Acid Yellow17)
Tartrazine NS conc(C.I.Acid Yellow23)
Suminol Fast Yellow R conc.(C.I.Acid Yellow25)
Kayanol Milling Yellow O(C.I.Acid Yellow38)
Suminol Milling Yellow MR(C.I.Acid Yellow42)
Aminyl Yellow E-3GL(C.I.Acid Yellow49)
Suminol Fast Yellow G (B)(C.I.Acid Yellow61)
Erionyl Yellow B-4G(C.I.Acid Yellow79)
Kayanol Yellow N5G(C.I.Acid Yellow110)
Lanyl Yellow G ex cc(C.I.Acid Yellow116)
Kayakalan Yellow GL 143(C.I.Acid Yellow121)
Kayanol Milling Yellow 5GW(C.I.Acid Yellow127)
Lanacron Yellow N-2GL KWL(C.I.Acid Yellow129)
Erionyl Golden Yellow M-R-02(C.I.Acid Yellow151)
Tectilon Yellow 2G 200%(C.I.Acid Yellow169)
Lanacron Yellow S-2G-01 KWL(C.I.Acid Yellow220)
Telon Yellow RLN micro(C.I.Acid Yellow230)
Tectilon Yellow 3R 200%(C.I.Acid Yellow246)
Chuganol Fast Yellow 5GL(C.I.Acid Yellow40:1)
Solar Orange(C.I.Acid Orange7)
Solar Light Orange GX(C.I.Acid Orange10)
Chuganol Milling Brown 5R(C.I.Acid Orange51)
Chuganol Milling OrangeSG(C.I.Acid Orange56)
Kayanol Yellow N3R(C.I.Acid Orange67)
Aminyl Yellow E-3RL(C.I.Acid Orange67)
Lanyl Orange R 200%(C.I.Acid Orange88)
Chuganol Milling Orange GSN 150%(C.I.Acid Orange95)
Suminol Milling Orange GN(N)(C.I.Acid Orange95)
Isolan Orange K-RLS(C.I.Acid Orange107)
Telon Orange AGT 01(C.I.Acid Orange116)
Lanyl Orange 2R e/c(C.I.Acid Orange120)
Supralan Orange S-RL(C.I.Acid Orange166)
Lanasyn Yellow M-2RL 180(C.I.Acid Orange180)
Nylosan Orange NRL 250(C.I.Acid Orange250)
Lanasyn Orange M-RL p
Silk Scarlet(C.I.Acid Red9)
Brilliant Scarlet 3R conc.(C.I.Acid Red18)
Acid Rhodamine G Conc(C.I.Acid Red50)
Acid Rhodamine B Conc(C.I.Acid Red52)
Chugacid Red FCH(C.I.Acid Red73)
Chugacid Rubinol 3B 200%(C.I.Acid Red80)
Rocceline NS conc. 120%(C.I.Acid Red88)
Chuganol Anthracene Red G(C.I.Acid Red97)
Suminol Fast Red G (B)(C.I.Acid Red118)
Suminol Milling Brilliant Red 3BN (N) conc.(C.I.Acid Red131)
Lanyl Red GG(C.I.Acid Red211)
Lanyl Red B(C.I.Acid Red215)
Lanasyn Bordeaux M-RLA200(C.I.Acid Red217)
Suminol Milling Brilliant Red B conc. N(C.I.Acid Red249)
Aminyl Red E-3BL(C.I.Acid Red257)
Telon Red M-BL(C.I.Acid Red260)
Chugai Aminol Fast Pink R(C.I.Acid Red289)
Nylosan Red N-2RBL SGR(C.I.Acid Red336)
Telon Red FRL micro(C.I.Acid Red337)
Lanasyn Red M-G(C.I.Acid Red399)
Kayakalan Red BL
Nylosan Red EBL SGR 180
Kayanol Milling Red BW
Kayanol Milling Violet FBW(C.I.Acid Violet48)
Erionyl Red B-10B-01(C.I.Acid Violet54)
Chugai Aminol Fast Violet F6R(C.I.Acid Violet102)
Acid Pure Blue VX(C.I.Acid Blue1)
Acid Brilliant Blue AF-N(C.I.Acid Blue7)
Chugacid Light Blue A(C.I.Acid Blue25)
Kayanol Blue N2G(C.I.Acid Blue40)
Nylosan Blue E-GL p 250(C.I.Acid Blue72)
Chuganol Blue 6B 333%(C.I.Acid Blue83)
Chuganol Blue G 333%(C.I.Acid Blue90)
Kayanol Navy Blue R(C.I.Acid Blue92)
Suminol Milling Brilliant Sky Blue SE (N)(C.I.Acid Blue112)
Suminol Milling Cyanine 5R (N)(C.I.Acid Blue113)
Kayanol Milling Blue GW(C.I.Acid Blue127)
Lanyl Brilliant Blue G ex cc(C.I.Acid Blue127:1)
Kayanol Blue NR(C.I.Acid Blue129)
Kayanol Milling Blue BW(C.I.Acid Blue138)
Kayanol Milling Blue 2RW(C.I.Acid Blue140)
Lanyl Blue 3G ex conc(C.I.Acid Blue171)
Nylosan Blue N-GL 150(C.I.Acid Blue230)
Tectilon Blue 6G 200%(C.I.Acid Blue258)
Telon Blue AFN(C.I.Acid Blue264)
Tectilon Blue 4R-01 200%(C.I.Acid Blue277:1)
Nylosan B Blue N-FL SGR180(C.I.Acid Blue278)
Nylosan Blue N-5GL SGR 200(C.I.Acid Blue280)
Kayalax Navy R(C.I.Acid Blue300)
Nylosan Blue N-BLN(C.I.Acid Blue350)
Lanacron Blue N-3GL
Acid Green V(C.I.Acid Green16)
Chuganol Cyanine Green G(C.I.Acid Green25)
Suminol Milling Brown 5R(C.I.Acid Brown51)
前記した高い二色比を示す色素(染料)については特許文献などに記載があり、二色比など知ることが出来る。しかし、本願の着色用有機染料については、その二色比を利用されたことがなかったため、又は、利用する意味もなかったためか、その記載のある特許文献などを本発明者らは見出していない。
従って、前記した本願の着色用有機染料は、公知染料(高い二色比としては知られていない)を用いて、PVAフィルムを染色する下記した方法にて容易に確認されたものの一例である。
ここで、例えば、偏光度が99%以上を目標とする場合には、着色用有機染料の二色比は、高くても偏光度を高める方向に寄与するが、「以上」との範囲での変化であり問題とされない。
これに対して、本願は、90%未満、例えば60%程度の低い偏光度に制御したものが目的範囲である。
ゆえに、低い二色比を示す着色用有機染料でも偏光度を高める効果は無視できないものであり、これらを考慮した使用量等を選択する。二色比の大きさは、熱成形時の色調変化にも関係し、高くなると大きくなる傾向がある。この点などから一般的には染色したときに、より小さい二色比を示すものが、着色に伴う偏光度の変化、及び、熱成形時の色調変化も小さいことから好ましい。
また、本発明の偏光シート(以下、本偏光シートと記す。)は、通常、両表面に保護フィルムを付した状態で、個別のレンズ形状に打ち抜きされ、次に、熱曲げ加工され、表面保護フィルムを剥離して、射出成形金型に装着されて、射出成形された芳香族ポリカーボネートと一体化した射出成形偏光レンズとされる。
この着色干渉縞は、偏光フィルムを透過して、初めて人の目で見ることができる。ゆえに、高リタデーションとしたシートの効果は偏光フィルムの光入射側、すなわち、人の目の反対側に用いることによる。
芳香族ポリカーボネートシートを用いる場合、特に、接着層自体あるいは接着した際の透明性と芳香族ポリカーボネートシートとの接着性の点から、ウレタン樹脂系材料であるポリウレタンプレポリマーと硬化剤からなる2液型の熱硬化性ウレタン樹脂が好ましい。
本発明のサングラス用に適した着色偏光レンズに用いられる芳香族ポリカーボネート偏光シートは、前述の層構成に限られるものではなく、偏光フィルムと透明な保護層を接着する接着剤において、調光染料を溶解させた接着剤を用いて作製された調光機能も併せ持つ偏光シートを用いても良い。
例えば、機能層としてポリエステル系の超多層の選択反射膜が併用されている場合、この超多層の選択反射膜は1層の厚みを1/4λとするために、多層シートを製造し、これを適宜繰り返し延伸して所定の光学厚みとする、所謂、金太郎飴の製法が用いられる。この結果、機能性を保持した状態における加工条件は、加工時間において、延伸状態からの緩和が実質的に起きない温度と時間との条件を選択することが必須となる。
また、曲げ加工は、上記の本偏光シートに用いる保護層用の透明プラスチックシートの種類の選択でも触れたが、本発明の着色偏光フィルムを含む本偏光シートの機能性を発揮する層の劣化が実質的に発生しないとの条件により決定される。
高リタデーションシートの芳香族ポリカーボネートを保護層とする本偏光シートを用いるとき、偏光フィルムは曲げ加工において延伸方向に沿った亀裂、いわゆる膜切れが生じやすいのでこれらの発生を抑えた条件を選択する必要がある。芳香族ポリカーボネート偏光シートの曲げ加工における金型温度は使用した芳香族ポリカーボネートのガラス転移温度以下の温度が好ましく、加えて、予熱処理により曲げ加工直前の延伸ポリカーボネート偏光シート温度が芳香族ポリカーボネートのガラス転移点より50℃低い温度以上ガラス転移点未満の温度であることが好ましく、特に、ガラス転移点より40℃低い温度以上ガラス転移点より5℃低い温度未満であることが好ましい。
射出成形の加工条件は、外観に優れたレンズが製造できることが必須である。
この点から、バリの出ない範囲で充填率の高いレンズ成形品の得られる射出条件、例えば、射出圧、保持圧、計量、成形サイクルなどを選択され、また、樹脂温度は、芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂の温度であり、特に260~320℃から適宜選択される。
また、金型温度は芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂のガラス転移温度より100℃低い温度以上乃至ガラス転移点未満の温度から選択され、好ましくはガラス転移温度より80℃低い温度以上ガラス転移点より15℃低い温度未満、特に、ガラス転移温度より70℃低い温度以上ガラス転移点より25℃低い温度未満が好ましい。
ハードコートの材質あるいは加工条件については、特に制限はないが、外観や下地の芳香族ポリカーボネートに対して、あるいは続いてコートされるミラーコートや反射防止コート等の無機層に対する密着性に優れている必要がある。また、焼成温度は芳香族ポリカーボネート偏光シートに使用した芳香族ポリカーボネートのガラス転移温度より50℃低い温度以上ガラス転移点未満の温度が好ましく、特に、ガラス転移点より40℃低い温度以上ガラス転移点より15℃低い温度未満である120℃前後の温度であり、ハードコートの焼成に要する時間は概ね30分から2時間の間である。
以下、実施例にて詳細に説明する。
偏光性を付与する二色性有機染料組成物および色調を付与する着色用有機染料組成物として、下記の組み合わせを用いた。
下記の有機染料は、それぞれ単独使用にて、PVAフィルムを延伸染色し、そのフィルムの光学測定により、染色濃度、二色比を求めた。参考として、各有機染料の求められた二色比を物質名後に括弧書きした。
(1)二色性有機染料組成物
二色性染料組成物A:
青1:C.I.Direct Blue 237(19.9)、赤1:C.I.Direct Red 81(22.0)、
黄1:C.I.Direct Orange 39(23.6)
二色性染料組成物B:
青2:C.I.Direct Blue 78(9.2)、赤2:C.I.Direct Red 254(10.9)、
黄2:C.I.Direct Yellow 12(9.0)
(2)着色用有機染料組成物
着色用有機染料組成物a:
青3:Kayacion Blue CF-BL(1.3)、
赤3:Novacron Red C-2G(1.4)、黄3:C.I Reactive Yellow 145(2.6)
着色用有機染料組成物b:
青4:C.I.Direct Blue 86(1.7)、
赤4:C.I.Direct Red 225(2.6)、黄4:C.I Mordant Yellow 8(1.7)
着色用有機染料組成物c:
青4:C.I.Direct Blue 86(1.7)、 青5:C.I.Direct Blue 108(1.6)、
赤5:C.I.Direct Red 227(1.6)、 黄5:C.I.Mordant Yellow 5(2.5)
有機染料の二色比:
(測定サンプルの製造法)
本発明における二色性有機染料或いは着色用有機染料の二色比とは、ヨウ素による染色にて製造された偏光フィルムにて測定される二色比の値が60以上を示す製造条件にて、ヨウ素に変えて二色性有機染料或いは着色用有機染料を用いて製造した偏光フィルムにおいて測定される値をいう。
(測定方法)
用いる染料に応じて測定した。
二色比は次式により求め、各染料の最大吸収波長の値を用いた。
二色比=Az/Ax
ここで、Axは最大透過方向の直線偏光の吸光度を表し、Azは最大透過方向に直交する方向の直線偏光の吸光度を表す。AxおよびAzは、島津製作所社製の分光光度計(UV-3600)を用いてサンプルに直線偏光を入射させて測定した。
ポリビニルアルコール(クラレ株式会社製、商品名:VF-PS#7500)を35℃の水中で270秒間膨潤しつつ、2倍に延伸した。
引き続いて、表1に記載の組成の染色組成物および10g/Lの無水硫酸ナトリウムを含む35℃の水溶液中で染色しつつ延伸した。
この染色フィルムを酢酸ニッケル2.3g/Lおよびホウ酸4.4g/Lを含む水溶液中35℃で120秒間浸漬しつつ、5.6倍まで延伸した。そのフィルムを緊張状態が保持された状態で室温で3分乾燥を行った後、熱風乾燥機を用い、110℃で3分間乾燥し、偏光フィルムを得た。
計算値 : 上記した単独染色系からの結果を、同時染色による相互作用による変化を無視して算出した値。
実験実測値 : 上記計算値に基づいて実験し、測定した値。
色調整後(実施例1のみ) : 着色用有機染料組成物の濃度調整を行った後の値。主に、所望の透過率となるように濃度増加を行う。
調整後 : 着色用有機染料組成物の濃度調整で主に、所望の透過率となるように濃度増加を行い、二色性有機染料組成物の濃度調整で主に、偏光度の増加分を抑えるように濃度低下を行った値。
偏光度は次式により求めた。
偏光度=100×(τpmax-τpmin)/(τpmax+τpmin)
ここで、τpmaxは直線偏光を入射して測定した視感透過率の最大値を表し、τpminは直線偏光を入射して測定した視感透過率の最小値を表す。τpmaxおよびτpminは、AxおよびAzを視感透過率として表した値である。
なお、実施例3および5は同一の作業を繰り返し行ったものである。本発明の偏光フィルムの製造において再現性のあることが確認された。
次に、実施例4および5の偏光フィルムを用いて、芳香族ポリカーボネート偏光シートを作成した。
(A)で得た偏光フィルムにウレタン系の接着剤をバーコーター#12を用いて塗布し、70℃で10分間乾燥させた後、厚さ0.3mm、リタデーション値5500nmの芳香族ポリカーボネートシート(三菱瓦斯化学社製)の延伸軸と偏光フィルムの延伸軸とを揃えてラミネーターで貼り合わせた。この積層シートの偏光フィルム側に上記と同様の方法で接着剤を塗布し、もう1枚の芳香族ポリカーボネートシートを同様に貼り合わせ、芳香族ポリカーボネート偏光シートを得た。硬化後の接着剤塗膜の厚みは9~11μmであった。
作製した芳香族ポリカーボネート偏光シートの透過率と色調を島津製作所社製の分光光度計(UV-3600)を用いて測定した。結果を表3に示した。
(B)で得た芳香族ポリカーボネート偏光シートをベースカーブ7.95(曲率半径66.67mm)の金型を用いて曲げ加工した。曲げ加工においては金型温度137℃、保持時間1200秒の条件にて成形した。
ここで言うベースカーブとは、レンズ前面の曲率の意味で用いており、530をミリメータ単位の曲率半径で除した値のことである。
曲げ加工後の芳香族ポリカーボネート偏光シートには偏光フィルムの亀裂はなかった。
(C)と同様に測定したサンプルの曲げ加工後の芳香族ポリカーボネート偏光シートの透過率と色調、および成形前後のCIE1976(L*a*b*)色空間における色差ΔE*abを表3に示す。色差は次式により求めた。
色差:ΔE*ab=((ΔL*)^2+(Δa*)^2+(Δb*)^2)^(1/2)
Claims (24)
- ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムを水膨潤、一軸延伸しつつ、二色性有機染料にて染色し、乾燥することにて製造された偏光フィルムにおいて、
前記二色性有機染料が、二色比が13以上の二色性有機染料の組み合わせからなり、偏光度30%以上90%未満で偏光度を維持する量の二色性有機染料組成物と
二色比が4以下である極低二色比あるいは実質的に二色比を持たない染料の組み合わせからなり、
所望色に染色する量の着色用有機染料組成物とにより染色された偏光度が45%~90%である着色低偏光フィルム。 - 前記の二色性有機染料組成物が、目的とする偏光度の下限値を与える量よりも少ない量である請求項1記載の着色低偏光フィルム。
- 前記着色用有機染料組成物の染着量が、透過率が50~8%で、前記の二色性有機染料組成物単独での透過率よりも5%以上小さい透過率となる量である請求項1記載の着色低偏光フィルム。
- ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムを水膨潤、一軸延伸しつつ、二色性有機染料にて染色し、乾燥することからなる偏光フィルムの製造法において、前記二色性有機染料が、二色比が13以上の二色性有機染料の組み合わせからなり、偏光度30%以上90%未満で偏光度を維持する量の二色性有機染料組成物と二色比が4以下である極低二色比あるいは実質的に二色比を持たない染料の組み合わせからなり、所望色に染色する量の着色用有機染料組成物とを用いてなる偏光度が45%~90%であることを特徴とする着色低偏光フィルムの製造法。
- 前記の染色を同じ水溶液中に溶解させた前記の二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物とを用いる請求項4記載の着色低偏光フィルムの製造法。
- 前記の二色性有機染料組成物を、目的とする偏光度の下限値を与える量よりも少ない量で用いる請求項4記載の着色低偏光フィルムの製造法。
- 前記着色用有機染料組成物を透過率が50~8%で、前記二色性有機染料組成物単独での透過率よりも5%以上小さい透過率となる量で用いる請求項4記載の着色低偏光フィルムの製造法。
- 前記の所望色の低偏光フィルムに関して、偏光度、透過率、色相の目的値を定め、前記の二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物との前記目的値を与える使用量を、同時染色による相互作用による変化を無視して算出し、得られた算出値に基づいた使用量の水溶液中にて偏光フィルムを製造し、製造された偏光フィルムの値と、前記目的値とを比較し、前記水溶液中の前記の二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物との使用量を再調整して染色することを適宜繰り返すことによる請求項4記載の着色偏光フィルムの製造法。
- ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムを水膨潤、一軸延伸しつつ、二色性有機染料にて染色し、乾燥してなる偏光フィルムの両面に接着層を介して透明プラスチックシートを貼り合わせた偏光シートにおいて、前記偏光フィルムの偏光度が45%~90%である所望色の着色低偏光フィルムであり、前記偏光フィルムの製造に用いる前記二色性有機染料として、二色比が13以上の二色性有機染料の組み合わせからなり、偏光度30%以上90%未満で偏光度を維持する量の二色性有機染料組成物と二色比が4以下である極低二色比あるいは実質的に二色比を持たない染料の組み合わせからなり、所望色に染色する量の着色用有機染料組成物とを用いてなることを特徴とする着色低偏光シート。
- 前記の染色を、二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物とを同じ水溶液中で用いてなるものである請求項9記載の着色低偏光シート。
- 前記の二色性有機染料組成物を、目的とする偏光度の下限値を与える量よりも少ない量で用いる請求項9記載の着色低偏光シート。
- 前記着色用有機染料組成物の染着量が、透過率が50~8%で、前記の二色性有機染料組成物単独での透過率よりも5%以上小さい透過率となる量である請求項9記載の着色低偏光シート。
- 透明プラスチックシートの樹脂が、芳香族ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリレート、アセチルセルロース、及び芳香族ポリカーボネートと脂環式ポリエステルとの組成物からなる群より選択される1つ以上である、請求項9記載の着色低偏光シート。
- 前記透明プラスチックシートが芳香族ポリカーボネートシートであり、複屈折3000nm以上で厚み0.1~1mmである請求項9記載の着色低偏光シート。
- 前記接着層に、ポリウレタンプレポリマーとヒドロキシ(ポリ)アクリレートとを含む硬化剤からなる2液型の熱硬化性ポリウレタン樹脂を用いるものである請求項9記載の着
色低偏光シート。 - 前記の所望色の低偏光フィルムに関して、偏光度、透過率、色相の目的値を定め、前記の二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物との前記目的値を与える使用量を、同時染色による相互作用による変化を無視して算出し、得られた算出値に基づいた使用量の水溶液中にて偏光フィルムを製造し、製造された偏光フィルムの値と、前記目的値とを比較し、前記水溶液中の前記の二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物との使用量を再調整して染色することを適宜繰り返してなることを特徴とする着色偏光フィルムであることを特徴とする請求項9記載の着色低偏光シート。
- ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムを水膨潤、一軸延伸しつつ、二色性有機染料にて染色し、乾燥してなる偏光フィルムの両面に接着層を介して透明プラスチックシートを貼り合わせた偏光シートを球面あるいは非球面に曲げた曲げ偏光レンズまたは該偏光シートを球面あるいは非球面に曲げてその凹面に透明樹脂を射出成形してなる射出偏光レンズにおいて、前記透明樹脂が芳香族ポリカーボネートであって、前記偏光シートの片側表面が芳香族ポリカーボネートルムの偏光度が45%~90%である所望色の着色低偏光フィルムであり、前記偏光フィルムの製造に用いる前で、該片側表面が凹面側となるように曲げ加工してなり、前記偏光フィ記二色性有機染料として、二色比が13以上の二色性有機染料の組み合わせからなり、偏光度30%以上90%未満で偏光度を維持する量の二色性有機染料組成物と二色比が4以下である極低二色比あるいは実質的に二色比を持たない染料の組み合わせからなり、所望色に染色する量の着色用有機染料組成物とを用いてなる
ことを特徴とする着色低偏光レンズ。 - 前記の染色を、二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物とを同じ水溶液中で用いてなるものである請求項17記載の着色低偏光レンズ。
- 前記の二色性有機染料組成物を、目的とする偏光度の下限値を与える量よりも少ない量で用いる請求項17記載の着色低偏光レンズ。
- 前記着色用有機染料組成物の染着量が、透過率が50~8%で、前記の二色性有機染料組成物単独での透過率よりも5%以上小さい透過率となる量である請求項17記載の着色低偏光レンズ。
- 透明プラスチックシートの樹脂が、芳香族ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリレート、アセチルセルロース、及び芳香族ポリカーボネートと脂環式ポリエステルとの組成物からなる群より選択される1つ以上である、請求項17記載の着色低偏光レンズ。
- 前記透明プラスチックシートが芳香族ポリカーボネートシートであり、複屈折3000nm以上で厚み0.1~1mmである請求項17記載の着色低偏光レンズ。
- 前記接着層に、ポリウレタンプレポリマーとヒドロキシ(ポリ)アクリレートとを含む硬化剤からなる2液型の熱硬化性ポリウレタン樹脂を用いるものである請求項17記載の着色低偏光レンズ。
- 前記の所望色の低偏光フィルムに関して、偏光度、透過率、色相の目的値を定め、前記の二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物との前記目的値を与える使用量を、同時染色による相互作用による変化を無視して算出し、得られた算出値に基づいた使用量の水溶液中にて偏光フィルムを製造し、製造された偏光フィルムの値と、前記目的値とを比較し、前記水溶液中の前記の二色性有機染料組成物と着色用有機染料組成物との使用量を再調整して染色することを適宜繰り返してなることを特徴とする着色偏光フィルムであることを特徴とする請求項17記載の着色低偏光レンズ。
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| CN201480003437.9A CN104838296B (zh) | 2013-01-25 | 2014-01-21 | 着色低偏光膜、着色低偏光片和透镜以及它们的制造方法 |
| US14/762,291 US9784895B2 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2014-01-21 | Colored low-polarizing films, colored low-polarizing sheets, and colored low-polarizing lenses, and methods thereof |
| JP2014558570A JP6362269B2 (ja) | 2013-01-25 | 2014-01-21 | 着色低偏光フィルム、着色低偏光シート、およびレンズ、並びにこれらの製造法 |
| KR1020157015120A KR102216829B1 (ko) | 2013-01-25 | 2014-01-21 | 착색 저편광 필름, 착색 저편광 시트 및 렌즈, 및 이들의 제조법 |
| EP14743683.6A EP2950122B1 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2014-01-21 | Colored low-polarization film, colored low-polarization sheet, lens and method for manufacturing same |
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| JP2013-012285 | 2013-01-25 | ||
| JP2013012285 | 2013-01-25 | ||
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| JP2013247485 | 2013-11-29 | ||
| JP2013-247485 | 2013-11-29 | ||
| JP2013247489 | 2013-11-29 |
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| US (1) | US9784895B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2950122B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6362269B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR102216829B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN104838296B (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104838296A (zh) | 2015-08-12 |
| KR102216829B1 (ko) | 2021-02-17 |
| EP2950122A4 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
| EP2950122A1 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
| KR20150109332A (ko) | 2015-10-01 |
| JP6362269B2 (ja) | 2018-07-25 |
| US9784895B2 (en) | 2017-10-10 |
| JPWO2014115705A1 (ja) | 2017-01-26 |
| EP2950122B1 (en) | 2023-04-26 |
| TW201445190A (zh) | 2014-12-01 |
| CN104838296B (zh) | 2017-10-20 |
| TWI603120B (zh) | 2017-10-21 |
| US20150355395A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
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