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WO2014194390A1 - Système de gazéification de combustibles solides et liquides en chambre compacte - Google Patents

Système de gazéification de combustibles solides et liquides en chambre compacte Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014194390A1
WO2014194390A1 PCT/BR2014/000096 BR2014000096W WO2014194390A1 WO 2014194390 A1 WO2014194390 A1 WO 2014194390A1 BR 2014000096 W BR2014000096 W BR 2014000096W WO 2014194390 A1 WO2014194390 A1 WO 2014194390A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solid
chamber
gasification system
compact
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/BR2014/000096
Other languages
English (en)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Rodrigo Alberto MOREIRA GOMES
Luiz Felipe de Pinho
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VOTORANTIM METAIS S/A
Dynamis Engenharia e Comercio Ltda
Original Assignee
VOTORANTIM METAIS S/A
Dynamis Engenharia e Comercio Ltda
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VOTORANTIM METAIS S/A, Dynamis Engenharia e Comercio Ltda filed Critical VOTORANTIM METAIS S/A
Publication of WO2014194390A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014194390A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/12—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/002—Supplying water

Definitions

  • the present invention deals with solid and liquid fuel gasification system in compact chamber.
  • the purpose of this invention is to allow the partial burning of solid and liquid fuels, with such an efficiency level that it is possible to refine the generation of reducing / combustible gases obtained in conventional combustion chambers, aiming at the use of this equipment in some processes where The quality of the gases produced has a decisive impact on the product. These include the process of metallic reduction and ore calcination.
  • Combustion specialists use a number of concepts to design firing equipment. These concepts include the study of physical phenomena (thermal and mass exchange, heat flux and enthalpy, fluid dynamics, etc.) and the chemical reactions that occur, as well as the combustion indices (dimensionless numbers) for comparison of different equipment / devices.
  • Reaction 1 is the one with the highest kinetics, that is, quickly all the oxygen injected into the chamber will be consumed and the rest of the carbon introduced, to be converted into reducing gases, must be oxidized or water vapor (H 2 0) or by the carbon dioxide itself (CO 2 ) generated on oxygen firing. Between Reactions 2 and 3, the one with the highest chemical kinetics is Reaction 2. Therefore, a first conclusion that can be drawn is that in substoichiometric chambers (lacking air, ie lacking oxygen), The presence of water vapor is of great importance since steam replaces oxygen in reaction with carbon.
  • a second consideration relates to the reaction 1, as the generated amount of CO and C0 2. That is, this consideration concerns the coefficient "a".
  • BRP11000417-3 relates to the combustion chamber that was used as the basis for the present invention. Although this camera performs well when used for a variety of purposes, may receive some devices to refine the quality of the gases produced and thus make it more suitable for many other purposes, such as the generation of reducing gases for the metal reduction process or the generation of combustible gases. for the calcination of ores.
  • Figure 9 shows a rear view of the combustion chamber mounted on the respective carriage, showing the auxiliary burner (10), the nozzle for the introduction of the pilot burner (24) and the sight glass (23);
  • the attached figure 1 represents the compact combustion chamber (1).
  • the invention described below, aimed to modify and improve the partial burning of solid (14) and liquid (16) fuels (and consequently the generation of combustible / reducing gases) in processes whose quality or composition of the gases produced has a decisive impact. about product quality.
  • main fuels to be used we can mention:
  • auxiliary fuel which may be liquid (diesel oil, oil 1A, 2A, etc.), or gaseous (natural gas, LPG ie Liquefied Petroleum Gas, etc.), or still contain their mixtures.
  • solid fuel injection can be started, since from a certain temperature the process becomes self-sustaining and therefore does not require auxiliary fuel to ensure firing stability.
  • the attached figures 4 and 5 show the combustion chamber assembly (1) and its support and translation carriage (2).
  • This combustion chamber (1) is responsible for igniting the injected solid fuel (14) and for generating combustible (or reducing, depending on later use) gases at the outlet end.
  • the main feature of this chamber is its high Swirl Number and turbulence, as well as an internal temperature above 1,200 ° C, preferably above 1,300 ° C and more preferably above 1,500 ° C.
  • the camera consists of:
  • an inner shell (4) constructed of stainless steel or carbon steel plate, internally lined with refractory material or bricks (19).
  • the chamber (1) retains, through a cycloning (centrifugation) mechanism, the solid fuel particles (14) introduced therein and will allow the partial oxidation reaction of that fuel.
  • produced gases On leaving the chamber, produced gases will flow through the coaxial outlet to the chamber (1);
  • one or more water (liquid or steam) injection lances (11), positioned close to the gas discharge section of the chamber (1), shall be used to adjust both the quality of the gases generated and the temperature of these gases. gases.
  • auxiliary burner nozzle (25) fitting for gas or oil auxiliary burner fitting (10) to be used for preheating the chamber;
  • auxiliary burner 10 (also gas or oil);
  • solid fuel injection is also part of the "Combustion Chamber” assembly.
  • This solid fuel injection (22) takes place tangentially and in the same direction of rotation as the primary air injectors through its own nozzle (see figure 7).
  • such solid fuel injection occurs through one or more holes in the refractory lining (19) of the inner cylinder (4). That is, the solid fuel flow is injected tangentially near the pre-chamber wall, whereas in the previous invention (BRPI 1000417-3), this injection occurred in a more central section, close to the center line of the chamber (still also tangentially) in a volute external to the auxiliary burner (10).
  • the combustion chamber As the combustion chamber, the subject of this patent application, had as its main premise great operational flexibility, it could be used to generate gases from high carbon and low hydrogen fuels (high Carbon / Hydrogen ratio, ie heavier and therefore cheaper fuels) such as petroleum coke, for example. For this reason, it has an important device to enable the generation of H 2 (very important gas in reduction processes) to be increased and thus to refine the quality of the gases produced a little further. It is the injection of water (either in the vapor state as a liquid) into the pre-chamber. This device does not exist in the original patent and represents an important modification, since the concentrations of CO and H 2 obtained in Test plant, they would never be achieved with the camera prior invention. That is, for heavy fuels (high C / H ratio), the gasification reaction or Reaction 2:
  • water in the vapor or liquid state
  • water is also injected by means of a lance (see figure 10; number 11).
  • the water lance is fixed to the outer cylinder and allows water to be injected directly into the combustion chamber and tangentially to the inner cylinder.
  • the difference between this boom and the solid fuel boom is in its axial position. While the first one should be the As close as possible to the rear cover, the water lance should be positioned at the end of the chamber near the gas discharge nozzle.
  • the pulverized solid fuel (14) from the storage silo (8) is fed into a pneumatic conveying line which leads it towards the combustion chamber (1).
  • the required pressure for this air can be up to 100 effective mbar.
  • This fan (3) (or other flow machine capable of supplying the required flow at the desired pressure) must allow the primary air flow vary depending on the amount of fuel injected into the chamber. In the flowchart presented (see figure 1), this variation is provided by the frequency inverter (17) that feeds the primary air blower drive motor (3). This feature is necessary since the air / fuel ratio must be maintained so as not to change the quality of the gases generated. Besides maintaining the chemical composition of gases, maintaining the air / fuel ratio has a second purpose: maintaining the internal temperature of the chamber. The temperature of a combustion process varies depending on the air / fuel ratio. As this temperature is not wanted to drop too much, since both CO generation and conversion efficiency can be strongly impacted, nor that this temperature rises too much because it can damage the chamber itself, the air / air ratio. fuel must be maintained.
  • the invention presented in this description went through a battery of tests that enabled the evolution of the equipment. That is, in the tests were developed devices that allowed to optimize the generation of reducing gases / fuels.
  • the first example presented below describes the camera at an early stage of development.
  • the second example presents the tests performed with the camera already with its final geometric characteristics.
  • the impacts of using oxygen (oxygen enriched air) on the chamber efficiency and on the composition of the gases generated were verified.
  • Table 1 below presents the results obtained for the gases produced in this chamber for various test conditions:
  • condition 5 One of the conditions (condition 5) concerns a verification of the impact of oxygen enrichment of primary air.
  • Table 2 below shows the results obtained for the gases produced in this new chamber version under various test conditions:

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de gazéification de combustibles solides et liquides en chambre compacte. Parmi ceux-ci, on peut citer notamment le procédé de réduction métallique et de calcination de minerais. Le système de gazéification de combustibles solides en chambre compacte comprend : (a) une chambre de combustion (1) constituée par un boîtier interne (4) revêtu d'un matériau réfractaire (19), présentant plusieurs trous d'injection (21) d'air primaire, une ou plusieurs lances d'injection tangentielle d'eau (11), une ou plusieurs lances d'injection tangentielle de combustible solide (22) au voisinage de la paroi de la pré-chambre du boîtier externe (5), une buse de brûleur auxiliaire (25) et un point de raccordement du pilote (24) ; (b) un chariot de support et de translation (2) : (c) un système de soufflage d'air (3) ; (d) un dispositif de soufflage d'air de transport de combustible solide (13) ; (e) un système de dosage de solides (12) ; (f) des tubulures d'air de transport et d'air primaire (7) ; (g) un module de mesure et contrôle de combustible auxiliaire (huile et gaz naturel) (18).
PCT/BR2014/000096 2013-06-06 2014-03-21 Système de gazéification de combustibles solides et liquides en chambre compacte Ceased WO2014194390A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRBR102013014042-2 2013-06-06
BR102013014042-2A BR102013014042B1 (pt) 2013-06-06 2013-06-06 Sistema de gaseificação de combustíveis sólidos e líquidos em câmara compacta

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014194390A1 true WO2014194390A1 (fr) 2014-12-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/BR2014/000096 Ceased WO2014194390A1 (fr) 2013-06-06 2014-03-21 Système de gazéification de combustibles solides et liquides en chambre compacte

Country Status (2)

Country Link
BR (1) BR102013014042B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014194390A1 (fr)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2738776A (en) * 1951-06-13 1956-03-20 Pollopas Patents Ltd Furnace burners
US4351251A (en) * 1981-06-29 1982-09-28 Mechtron International Corp. Combustion apparatus
WO2001009547A1 (fr) * 1999-07-29 2001-02-08 Independent Stave Co. Bruleurs a marge de reglage elevee et appareil de combustion a gaz
US20040191914A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2004-09-30 Widmer Neil Colin Combustion optimization for fossil fuel fired boilers
US20100115961A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2010-05-13 Tetronics Limited Waste treatment process and apparatus
BRPI1000417A2 (pt) * 2010-02-11 2011-09-27 De Sousa Borges Rodrigo cámara de combustão
EP2503238A1 (fr) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-26 Guilherme Martins Ferreira Chambre de combustion
US20120240831A1 (en) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Guilherme Martins Ferreira System and Process for the Combustion of Solid Fuels

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2738776A (en) * 1951-06-13 1956-03-20 Pollopas Patents Ltd Furnace burners
US4351251A (en) * 1981-06-29 1982-09-28 Mechtron International Corp. Combustion apparatus
WO2001009547A1 (fr) * 1999-07-29 2001-02-08 Independent Stave Co. Bruleurs a marge de reglage elevee et appareil de combustion a gaz
US20040191914A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2004-09-30 Widmer Neil Colin Combustion optimization for fossil fuel fired boilers
US20100115961A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2010-05-13 Tetronics Limited Waste treatment process and apparatus
BRPI1000417A2 (pt) * 2010-02-11 2011-09-27 De Sousa Borges Rodrigo cámara de combustão
EP2503238A1 (fr) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-26 Guilherme Martins Ferreira Chambre de combustion
US20120240831A1 (en) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Guilherme Martins Ferreira System and Process for the Combustion of Solid Fuels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR102013014042B1 (pt) 2021-10-26
BR102013014042A2 (pt) 2016-02-10

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