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WO2014192945A1 - ガスセンサ - Google Patents

ガスセンサ Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014192945A1
WO2014192945A1 PCT/JP2014/064516 JP2014064516W WO2014192945A1 WO 2014192945 A1 WO2014192945 A1 WO 2014192945A1 JP 2014064516 W JP2014064516 W JP 2014064516W WO 2014192945 A1 WO2014192945 A1 WO 2014192945A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
sensor element
flow path
protective cover
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2014/064516
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
美佳 村上
高幸 関谷
智也 生盛
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NGK Insulators Ltd
Original Assignee
NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NGK Insulators Ltd filed Critical NGK Insulators Ltd
Priority to EP14803499.4A priority Critical patent/EP3006931B1/de
Priority to JP2015519979A priority patent/JP6154899B2/ja
Publication of WO2014192945A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014192945A1/ja
Priority to US14/948,437 priority patent/US9952072B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D11/00—Component parts of measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D11/24—Housings ; Casings for instruments
    • G01D11/245—Housings for sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
    • G01N27/4077—Means for protecting the electrolyte or the electrodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas sensor.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a gas sensor in which a protective cover having a double structure in which a vent for guiding exhaust gas to the inside is formed is provided on the outer periphery of the front end of the sensor element.
  • the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and a main object of the present invention is to achieve both gas concentration detection responsiveness and sensor element heat retention in a gas sensor.
  • the first gas sensor of the present invention includes: A sensor element having a gas inlet for introducing a gas to be measured, and capable of detecting a predetermined gas concentration of the gas to be measured flowing into the inside from the gas inlet; An outer gas hole that allows the flow of the gas to be measured from the outside to the inside is formed, and an outer protective cover that covers the tip of the sensor element; The sensor element is disposed between the outer protective cover and the sensor element, and from the rear end side to the tip end side of the sensor element in the path of the gas to be measured from the outer gas hole to the gas inlet of the sensor element.
  • a gas flow path forming member that forms a gas flow path that opens toward the space where the gas introduction port is disposed, and It is equipped with.
  • a gas flow path is formed that extends from the rear end side to the front end side of the sensor element and opens in a space where the gas introduction port is disposed.
  • the gas to be measured that has passed through the outer gas hole and the gas flow path in this order from the outside of the gas sensor to the space where the gas introduction port is arranged is transferred to the surface of the sensor element ( It is possible to suppress direct contact with a surface other than the gas inlet or to reach the gas inlet after passing a long distance on the surface of the sensor element. Thereby, cooling of a sensor element can be suppressed more.
  • the cooling of the sensor element is suppressed, and the flow rate and flow velocity of the gas to be measured are not reduced. The decrease in responsiveness can be further suppressed. As a result, both responsiveness and heat retention can be achieved.
  • the element-side opening which is the opening on the space side where the gas introduction port is arranged, in the gas flow path has a distance A1 from the gas introduction port (after the sensor element).
  • the distance from the front end to the rear end (the direction from the front end to the rear end being positive) may be formed at a position of ⁇ 5 mm to 1.5 mm.
  • the second gas sensor of the present invention is A sensor element having a gas inlet for introducing a gas to be measured, and capable of detecting a predetermined gas concentration of the gas to be measured flowing into the inside from the gas inlet; An outer gas hole that allows the flow of the gas to be measured from the outside to the inside is formed, and an outer protective cover that covers the tip of the sensor element; A space in which the gas introduction port is arranged in the path of the gas to be measured, which is arranged between the outer protective cover and the sensor element and reaches the gas introduction port of the sensor element from the outer gas hole.
  • a gas flow path forming member that forms a gas flow path that is open to With
  • the element side opening which is the opening on the space side where the gas introduction port is arranged in the gas flow path is a distance A1 from the gas introduction port (a distance in the rear end-tip direction of the sensor element, The direction from the front end to the rear end is positive) is formed at a position of ⁇ 5 mm to 1.5 mm. Is.
  • the element side opening of the gas flow path is relatively close to the gas inlet. Therefore, as described above in the description of the first gas sensor of the present invention, the gas to be measured that has exited from the element opening can be prevented from directly hitting the surface other than the gas inlet of the sensor element, or the gas to be measured can be An effect of suppressing the gas from reaching the gas inlet after a long distance on the surface can be obtained. Thereby, cooling of a sensor element can be suppressed more. Further, since the element side opening of the gas flow path is relatively close to the gas inlet, the gas concentration detection responsiveness can also be improved. As a result, both responsiveness and heat retention can be achieved.
  • a plurality of outer gas holes may be formed.
  • a plurality of the gas flow paths may be formed.
  • the gas flow path forming member may be, for example, a cylindrical member.
  • the distance A1 from the gas inlet to the element side opening is in the rear end-tip direction of the sensor element, and the portion closest to the element side opening of the end of the gas inlet opening and the element side opening It is set as the distance with the part nearest to a gas inlet among the edge parts.
  • the element side opening may be formed at a position where the distance A1 from the gas inlet is a positive value. That is, an element side opening may be provided in the rear end direction of the sensor element from the gas inlet.
  • the element-side opening may be formed at a position where the distance A1 from the gas inlet is a negative value. That is, an element-side opening may be provided in the tip direction of the sensor element with respect to the gas inlet (the element in the downward direction with respect to the gas inlet when the rear end direction is upward and the tip direction is downward). There may be a side opening).
  • the gas flow path forming member includes a first member and a second member, and the gas flow path includes the first member and the second member. It is good also as a clearance gap.
  • the first member has a first cylindrical portion surrounding the sensor element, and the second member has a second cylindrical portion having a larger diameter than the first cylindrical portion.
  • the gas flow path may be a cylindrical gap between the outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion and the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion. If it carries out like this, a 1st cylindrical part and a 2nd cylindrical part of a gas flow path formation member can be made into a comparatively simple shape, and a gas flow path can be formed.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion and the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion there are a plurality of protruding portions that protrude toward the other surface and are in contact with the other surface. It may be provided. If it carries out like this, it will become easy to fix the positional relationship of a 1st cylindrical part and a 2nd cylindrical part with a protrusion part. Further, for example, the second member can be prevented from dropping from the first member when the gas sensor is assembled, and the gas sensor can be easily assembled.
  • the plurality of protrusions may press the other surface. If it carries out like this, the positional relationship of a 1st cylindrical part and a 2nd cylindrical part can be fixed more reliably by a protrusion part.
  • the first member has a first cylindrical portion surrounding the sensor element, and the second member is And a second cylindrical portion having a diameter larger than that of the first cylindrical portion, an outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion and an inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion are in contact with each other, and the first cylindrical portion A recess is formed in at least one of the outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion and the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion, and the gas flow path may be a gap formed by the recess.
  • the gas flow path may be a hole penetrating the gas flow path forming member. In this way, the gas flow path can be formed relatively easily.
  • the gas flow path is formed in a path of the gas to be measured from the outer gas hole to the gas inlet of the sensor element,
  • the flow path may be inclined from the rear end-front end direction so as to approach the sensor element from the rear end side toward the front end side and from the rear end side to the front end side of the sensor element.
  • the gas flow path has an opening area of an element side opening which is an opening on the space side where the gas introduction port is arranged, and the outer gas hole is arranged. It may be smaller than the opening area of the outer opening which is the opening on the space side.
  • the sensor element virtually connects the gas flow path from an element side opening which is an opening on the space side where the gas introduction port is arranged in the gas flow path. It may be arranged at a position other than the region extended to. If it carries out like this, it can suppress that the to-be-measured gas which flowed out from the element side opening part hits directly on the surface of a sensor element, and can suppress cooling of a sensor element more.
  • the gas to be measured that passes through an element side opening which is an opening on the space side where the gas introduction port is arranged in the gas flow path is directly applied to the sensor element.
  • the gas to be measured that has flowed out of the opening on the element side is less likely to directly hit the surface of the sensor element, so that the cooling of the sensor element can be further suppressed.
  • the gas flow path forming member may include a regulating member, or the regulating member may be a member independent of the gas flow path forming member.
  • the first and second gas sensors of the present invention include a bottomed cylindrical inner protective cover that is disposed between the outer protective cover and the sensor element and covers a tip of the sensor element, and forms the gas flow path.
  • the member may constitute at least a part of the inner protective cover.
  • the inner protective cover may be formed with an inner gas hole positioned in the distal direction of the sensor element with respect to the gas flow path.
  • the outer protective cover includes a cylindrical body portion in which a first outer gas hole, which is the outer gas hole, is formed, and a second outer side located closer to the distal end of the sensor element than the first outer gas hole.
  • a bottomed cylindrical tip formed with a gas hole and having an inner diameter smaller than that of the barrel, and between the barrel of the outer protective cover and the inner protective cover, the gas flow path
  • a first gas chamber communicating with the inside of the inner protective cover is formed, and the first gas chamber is not in direct communication between the tip of the outer protective cover and the inner protective cover.
  • a second gas chamber communicating with the inside of the inner protective cover may be formed by the inner gas hole.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a state in which the gas sensor 100 is attached to a pipe 20.
  • FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. It is the fragmentary sectional view which expanded the gas channel 127 periphery of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a view from D in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line FF in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view when a first cylindrical portion 134 is provided with a protruding portion 134a. It is explanatory drawing which shows the protrusion part 136a of a modification. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the gas sensor 100b of a modification. It is the H view of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the gas sensor of Experimental example 2.
  • FIG. FIG. 20 is an I view of FIG. 19. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the gas sensor 200a of Experimental Example 5. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the gas sensor 600 of Experimental Example 6. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the gas sensor 700 of Experimental Example 11. 6 is a graph showing heater power and response time of Experimental Examples 1 to 22. It is a graph which shows the deposition time and response time of Experimental example 1,2,5,6,13,19,20,21.
  • the gas sensor 100 is mounted in a pipe 20 that is an exhaust path from the vehicle engine, and NOx and O 2 contained in the exhaust gas as the measurement gas discharged from the engine. The concentration of at least one of the gas components such as is detected.
  • the gas sensor 100 is fixed in the pipe 20 with the central axis of the gas sensor 100 being perpendicular to the flow of the gas to be measured in the pipe 20.
  • the central axis of the gas sensor 100 may be fixed in the pipe 20 in a state where the central axis is perpendicular to the flow of the gas to be measured in the pipe 20 and is inclined by a predetermined angle (for example, 45 °) with respect to the vertical direction.
  • the gas sensor 100 includes a sensor element 110 having a function of detecting the concentration of a gas component in the gas to be measured, and a protective cover 120 that protects the sensor element 110.
  • the gas sensor 100 also includes a metal housing 102 and a metal nut 103 provided with a screw on the outer peripheral surface.
  • the housing 102 is inserted into a fixing member 22 welded to the pipe 20 and provided with a female thread on the inner peripheral surface, and the nut 103 is inserted into the fixing member 22 so that the housing 102 is fixed. 22 is fixed inside. Thereby, the gas sensor 100 is fixed in the pipe 20.
  • the sensor element 110 is an elongated plate-like element, and includes an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte layer such as zirconia (ZrO 2 ).
  • the sensor element 110 has a gas introduction port 111 through which the measurement gas is introduced.
  • the sensor element 110 has a predetermined gas concentration (a concentration of NOx, O 2 or the like) of the measurement gas flowing into the inside from the gas introduction port 111. ) Is configured to be detectable.
  • the gas introduction port 111 is assumed to open to the tip surface of the sensor element 110 (the lower surface of the sensor element 110 in FIG. 2).
  • the sensor element 110 includes therein a heater that plays a role of temperature adjustment for heating and maintaining the sensor element 110.
  • the structure of the sensor element 110 and the principle of detecting the concentration of the gas component are known, and are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-164411.
  • the protective cover 120 is disposed so as to surround the sensor element 110.
  • the protective cover 120 includes a bottomed cylindrical inner protective cover 130 that covers the tip of the sensor element 110 and a bottomed cylindrical outer protective cover 140 that covers the inner protective cover 130.
  • a first gas chamber 122 and a second gas chamber 126 are formed as a space surrounded by the inner protective cover 130 and the outer protective cover 140
  • a sensor element chamber 124 is formed as a space surrounded by the inner protective cover 130.
  • the central axes of the gas sensor 100, the sensor element 110, the inner protective cover 130, and the outer protective cover 140 are coaxial.
  • the inner protective cover 130 is a member made of metal (for example, stainless steel), and includes a first member 131 and a second member 135.
  • the first member 131 includes a cylindrical large-diameter portion 132, a cylindrical first cylindrical portion 134 having a diameter smaller than that of the large-diameter portion 132, and a step portion connecting the large-diameter portion 132 and the first cylindrical portion 134.
  • the second member 135 has a second cylindrical portion 136 having a diameter larger than that of the first cylindrical portion 134, and is positioned in the distal direction of the sensor element 110 (downward in FIG. 2) with respect to the second cylindrical portion 136.
  • a connecting portion 137 that connects the second cylindrical portion 136 and the leading end portion 138.
  • one circular inner gas hole 138 a communicating with the sensor element chamber 124 and the second gas chamber 126 is formed at the center of the bottom surface of the distal end portion 138.
  • the diameter of the inner gas hole 138a is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.5 mm to 2.6 mm.
  • the large-diameter portion 132, the first cylindrical portion 134, the second cylindrical portion 136, and the tip portion 138 have the same central axis.
  • the large diameter portion 132 is in contact with the inner surface of the housing 102, whereby the first member 131 is fixed to the housing 102.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the connecting portion 137 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the outer protective cover 140, and is fixed by welding or the like.
  • the second member 135 may be fixed by forming the outer diameter of the tip portion 138 slightly larger than the inner diameter of the tip portion 146 of the outer protective cover 140 and press-fitting the tip portion 138 into the tip portion 146. .
  • the inner protective cover 130 forms a gas flow path 127 (see FIGS. 2 to 4) that is a gap between the first member 131 and the second member 135. That is, the inner protective cover 130 is a gas flow path forming member that forms the gas flow path 127. More specifically, the gas flow path 127 is formed as a cylindrical gap between the outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion 134 and the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion 136. The gas flow path 127 is located in the path of the gas to be measured from the first outer gas hole 144a of the outer protective cover 140 to the gas inlet 111 of the sensor element 110 (a part of the path is configured).
  • the gas flow path 127 includes a sensor element chamber that is a space in which the gas inlet 111 is disposed and an outer opening 128 that is an opening on the first gas chamber 122 side, which is a space in which the first outer gas hole 144a is disposed. And an element side opening 129 which is an opening on the 124 side.
  • the outer opening 128 is formed on the rear end side (the upper side in FIG. 2) of the sensor element 110 with respect to the element side opening 129. Therefore, in the path of the gas to be measured from the first outer gas hole 144a to the gas inlet 111, the gas flow path 127 is changed from the rear end side (upper side in FIG. 2) to the front end side (in FIG. 2). It is a flow path toward the lower side.
  • the gas flow path 127 is a flow path parallel to the rear end-front end direction of the sensor element 110 (the vertical flow path in FIG. 2).
  • the element-side opening 129 is formed at a position where the distance A1 is a positive value. That is, the element side opening 129 is formed in the rear end direction (upward direction in FIG. 2) of the sensor element 110 from the gas inlet 111.
  • the element side opening 129 may be formed at a position where the distance A1 is a negative value. That is, the element-side opening 129 may be provided in the tip direction of the sensor element 110 (downward in FIG. 2) with respect to the gas introduction port 111.
  • the element side opening 129 is formed at a distance A2 (see FIG. 3) from the gas inlet 111.
  • the distance A2 is a distance in a direction perpendicular to the front end-rear end direction of the sensor element 110 (left-right direction in FIG. 2).
  • the distance A2 is a direction perpendicular to the rear end-front end direction of the sensor element 110, and the end closest to the element side opening 129 and the end of the element side opening 129 among the ends of the opening of the gas inlet 111.
  • the sensor element 110 and the element-side opening 129 are separated from each other, so that the effect of suppressing the cooling of the sensor element 110 tends to increase.
  • the distance A2 is, for example, 0.6 mm to 3.0 mm.
  • the element-side opening 129 opens in the direction from the rear end to the front end of the sensor element 110 and opens in parallel with the rear end-front end direction of the sensor element 110. That is, the element opening 129 is open downward (directly below) in FIG. Therefore, the sensor element 110 is disposed at a position other than a region where the gas flow path 127 is virtually extended from the element-side opening 129 (a region directly below the element-side opening 129 in FIG. 2).
  • the outer opening 128 is formed at a distance A3 (see FIG. 3) from the first outer gas hole 144a.
  • the distance A3 is a distance in the front-rear end direction (the vertical direction in FIG. 2) of the sensor element 110, and the direction from the front end to the rear end is positive, like the distance A1. Further, the distance A3 is the rear end-front end direction of the sensor element 110, and the portion of the opening of the first outer gas hole 144a that is closest to the outer opening 128 and the end of the outer opening 128 are the most. The distance from the portion close to the first outer gas hole 144a.
  • the first outer gas hole 144a is formed with a horizontal hole 144b and a vertical hole 144c, and the top of the horizontal hole 144b is closest to the element side opening 129 in the vertical direction of FIG. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the distance between the upper end of the lateral hole 144b and the outer opening 128 is a distance A3.
  • the distance in the vertical direction between the lower end of the vertical hole 144c and the outer opening 128 is the distance A3.
  • the outer opening 128 may be formed at a position where the distance A3 has a positive value, or may be formed at a position where the distance A3 becomes a negative value.
  • the distance A3 is preferably 0 or more.
  • the outer opening 128 is preferably on the rear end side (upper side in FIG. 2) of the sensor element rather than at least one of the first outer gas holes 144a. That is, in the present embodiment, it is preferable that the outer opening 128 is located at the same level as or above the lower end of the vertical hole 144c (the lower surface of the stepped portion 143b).
  • the outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion 134 and the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion 136 are separated by a distance A4 in the radial direction of the cylinder at the element opening 129, and a distance A5 in the radial direction of the cylinder at the outer opening 128.
  • the distance A4 and the distance A5 are not particularly limited, but are, for example, 0.3 mm to 2.4 mm, respectively.
  • the distance A4 and the distance A5 are equal, and the opening area of the element side opening 129 and the opening area of the outer opening 128 are equal.
  • the distance A4 (distance A5) is the same as a half value of the difference between the outer diameter of the first cylindrical portion 134 and the inner diameter of the second cylindrical portion 136.
  • the vertical distance between the element side opening 129 and the outer opening 128, that is, the vertical distance L of the gas channel 127 is not particularly limited. For example, it is more than 0 mm and not more than 6.6 mm.
  • the distance A6 the distance from the surface of the sensor element 110 to the protective cover 120
  • the effect of suppressing the cooling of the sensor element 110 tends to increase as the distance A6 increases. This is because the heat from the heater of the sensor element 110 is easily taken away by the protective cover 120 as the distance A6 is smaller (the sensor element 110 and the protective cover 120 are closer).
  • the protective cover 120 that is closest to the sensor element 110 is the inner peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion 134 of the inner protective cover 130. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the distance A ⁇ b> 6 is a radial distance (the left-right direction in FIG. 3) between the side surface of the sensor element 110 and the inner peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion 134.
  • the distance A6 is the shortest distance from the sensor element 110 to the protective cover 120, depending on the shape of the protective cover, the distance in the axial direction (vertical direction in FIG. 3) between the sensor element 110 and the protective cover is the distance A6.
  • the distance A6 is not limited to the distance in the left-right direction in FIG.
  • the distance A6 is, for example, 0.6 mm to 3.0 mm.
  • the protective cover 120 is thicker, that is, as the heat capacity of the protective cover 120 is larger, the heat from the heater tends to be easily taken away by the protective cover 120.
  • the heat from the heater is easily taken away by the protective cover 120 as the inner protective cover 130 is thicker. Therefore, as the distance A6 is larger and the thickness of the protective cover 120 (particularly the inner protective cover 130) is thinner, the heat retaining property of the sensor element 110 tends to increase.
  • the outer protective cover 140 is a member made of metal (for example, stainless steel), and has a cylindrical large-diameter portion 142 and a cylindrical trunk portion that is connected to the large-diameter portion 142 and has a smaller diameter than the large-diameter portion 142. 143, and a tip portion 146 having a bottomed cylindrical shape and an inner diameter smaller than that of the body portion 143.
  • the body portion 143 is connected to the side portion 143a having a side surface along the central axis direction (vertical direction in FIG. 2) of the outer protective cover 140 and the bottom portion of the body portion 143. And a step portion 143b.
  • the central axes of the large diameter portion 142, the body portion 143, and the distal end portion 146 are all the same as the central axis of the inner protective cover 130.
  • the large-diameter portion 142 is in contact with the housing 102 and the large-diameter portion 132 on the inner peripheral surface, whereby the outer protective cover 140 is fixed to the housing 102.
  • the body portion 143 is located so as to cover the outer circumferences of the first cylindrical portion 134 and the second cylindrical portion 136.
  • the distal end portion 146 is positioned so as to cover the distal end portion 138, and the inner peripheral surface is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the connection portion 137.
  • the outer protective cover 140 includes a plurality (twelve in this embodiment) of first outer gas holes 144a formed in the body 143 and a plurality (six in this embodiment) of the first outer gas holes 144a formed in the tip 146. 2 outer gas holes 147a.
  • the first outer gas hole 144 a is a hole that communicates with the outside of the outer protective cover 140 and the first gas chamber 122.
  • the first outer gas holes 144a have a plurality (six in this embodiment) of horizontal holes 144b formed at equal intervals in the side portion 143a and a plurality of (six in this embodiment) formed at equal intervals in the step portion 143b.
  • Vertical holes 144c (see FIGS. 2, 4 and 5).
  • the first outer gas hole 144a (the horizontal hole 144b and the vertical hole 144c) is a hole formed in a circular shape (perfect circle).
  • the diameters of the twelve first outer gas holes 144a are not particularly limited, but are, for example, 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm.
  • the diameters of the plurality of first outer gas holes 144a are all the same value, but the diameter may be different between the horizontal hole 144b and the vertical hole 144c, The diameters may be different between the holes 144b or between the plurality of vertical holes 144c.
  • the plurality of horizontal holes 144b have the same vertical position in FIG. 2, and the plurality of vertical holes 144c have the same distance from the central axis of the outer protective cover 140 in FIG.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the first outer gas holes 144a are formed so that the horizontal holes 144b and the vertical holes 144c are alternately located at equal intervals when viewed along the circumferential direction of the outer protective cover 140. Has been.
  • the second outer gas hole 147 a is a hole that communicates with the outside of the outer protective cover 140 and the second gas chamber 126.
  • the second outer gas hole 147a includes a plurality of (three in this embodiment) lateral holes 147b formed at equal intervals on the side of the tip 146, and a circumferential direction of the outer protective cover 140 on the bottom of the tip 146. And a plurality (three in this embodiment) of vertical holes 147c formed at regular intervals along the line (see FIGS. 2 and 5).
  • the second outer gas hole 147a (the horizontal hole 147b and the vertical hole 147c) is a hole opened in a circular shape (perfect circle).
  • the diameters of the six second outer gas holes 147a are not particularly limited, but are, for example, 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.
  • the diameters of the plurality of second outer gas holes 147a are all the same value, but the diameter may be different between the horizontal hole 147b and the vertical hole 147c, The diameters may be different between the holes 147b or between the plurality of vertical holes 147c.
  • the plurality of horizontal holes 147b have the same vertical position in FIG. 2, and the plurality of vertical holes 147c have the same distance from the central axis of the outer protective cover 140. However, it is not limited to this.
  • the second outer gas holes 147a have the horizontal holes 147b and the vertical holes 147c alternately located at equal intervals when viewed along the circumferential direction of the outer protective cover 140, similarly to the first outer gas holes 144a. It is formed as follows. That is, when viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the outer protective cover 140, a line connecting the center of the horizontal hole 147b and the central axis of the outer protective cover 140 and the vertical hole 144c adjacent to the horizontal hole 144b. The angle formed by the line connecting the center and the central axis of the outer protective cover 140 is 60 ° (360 ° / 6 pieces).
  • the first gas chamber 122 is a space surrounded by the stepped portion 133, the first cylindrical portion 134, the second cylindrical portion 136, the large diameter portion 142, the side portion 143a, and the stepped portion 143b.
  • the sensor element chamber 124 is a space surrounded by the inner protective cover 130.
  • the second gas chamber 126 is a space surrounded by the tip portion 138 and the tip portion 146. Note that the first gas chamber 122 and the second gas chamber 126 are not in direct communication with each other because the inner peripheral surface of the distal end portion 146 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the connection portion 137. Further, the bottom surface outside the tip portion 138 and the bottom surface inside the tip portion 146 are separated by a distance B. As the distance B increases, the space (volume) of the second gas chamber 126 tends to increase. Although not particularly limited, the distance B is, for example, 1.9 mm to 9.0 mm.
  • the flow of the gas to be measured when the gas sensor 100 configured in this manner detects a predetermined gas concentration will be described.
  • the gas to be measured flowing in the pipe 20 first flows into the first gas chamber 122 through one of the plurality of first outer gas holes 144a (lateral holes 144b, vertical holes 144c).
  • the gas to be measured flows from the first gas chamber 122 through the outer opening 128 into the gas flow path 127, flows out from the element side opening 129 through the gas flow path 127, and flows into the sensor element chamber 124. To do.
  • an electrical signal for example, a concentration of NOx, O 2 or the like
  • the gas to be measured reaches the gas inlet 111 of the sensor element 110 in the sensor element chamber 124
  • an electrical signal for example, a concentration of NOx, O 2 or the like
  • Voltage or current is generated by the sensor element 110, and the gas concentration is detected based on the electrical signal.
  • the gas to be measured in the sensor element chamber 124 flows into the second gas chamber 126 through the inner gas hole 138a, and then flows out through any of the plurality of second outer gas holes 147a.
  • the output of the internal heater is controlled by, for example, a controller (not shown) so as to maintain a predetermined temperature.
  • the gas inlet 111 of the present embodiment corresponds to the gas inlet of the present invention
  • the sensor element 110 corresponds to the sensor element
  • the first outer gas hole 144a corresponds to the outer gas hole
  • the outer protective cover 140 protects the outer side. It corresponds to a cover
  • the gas flow path 127 corresponds to a gas flow path
  • the inner protective cover 130 corresponds to a gas flow path forming member.
  • the gas sensor 100 includes the gas inlet of the sensor element 110 from the first outer gas hole 144a formed in the outer protective cover 140 that covers the tip of the sensor element 110 by the inner protective cover 130.
  • a gas flow path 127 that opens from the rear end side to the front end side of the sensor element 110 and opens to the sensor element chamber 124 in which the gas introduction port 111 is arranged is formed in the path of the gas to be measured up to the point 111. ing.
  • the gas to be measured that has passed through the outer gas hole 144 a and the gas flow path 127 from the outside of the gas sensor 100 in this order to the sensor element chamber 124 can be The flow is from the end side toward the tip side (downward flow in FIG. 2). Therefore, the gas to be measured that has passed through the gas flow path 127 and has flowed into the sensor element chamber 124 can be prevented from directly hitting the surface of the sensor element 110 (the surface other than the gas inlet 111) or the surface of the sensor element 110. It is possible to suppress the gas from reaching the gas inlet 111 after passing a long distance above.
  • the element side opening 129 when the element side opening 129 is formed at a position where the distance A1 from the gas introduction port 111 is ⁇ 5 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less, the element side opening 129 becomes relatively close to the gas introduction port 111. Therefore, the measured gas that has passed through the gas flow path 127 and has flowed into the sensor element chamber 124 can be prevented from directly hitting the surface other than the gas inlet 111 of the sensor element 110, or can be a long distance on the surface of the sensor element 110. The effect of suppressing reaching the gas inlet 111 after passing through is enhanced. Further, since the element side opening 129 is relatively close to the gas inlet, the gas concentration detection response can be improved. These effects can be further enhanced by setting the distance A1 to be not less than -5 mm and not more than 1.5 mm.
  • the sensor element 110 is arranged at a position other than a region where the gas flow path 127 is virtually extended from the element side opening 129. Thereby, it can suppress more that the to-be-measured gas which flowed out into the sensor element chamber 124 from the element side opening part 129 hits the surface of the sensor element 110 more, and can suppress the cooling of the sensor element 110 more.
  • the element side opening 129 opens in a direction from the rear end to the front end of the sensor element 110 and opens in parallel to the rear end-front end direction of the sensor element 110. Therefore, it can suppress more that the to-be-measured gas which flowed out into the sensor element chamber 124 from the element side opening part 129 hits the surface of the sensor element 110 more, and can suppress the cooling of the sensor element 110 more.
  • the gas flow path 127 flows from the rear end side to the front end side of the sensor element 110 in the path of the gas to be measured from the first outer gas hole 144a to the gas inlet 111.
  • the road is formed, the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the distance A1 is ⁇ 5 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less, the flow path from the rear end side to the front end side of the sensor element 110 may not be formed.
  • 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modified gas sensor 200
  • FIG. 7 is an EE sectional view of FIG. 6 and 7, the same components as those of the gas sensor 100 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. As shown in FIGS.
  • the gas sensor 200 includes an inner protective cover 230.
  • the inner protective cover 230 is made of one member, and has a cylindrical portion 234 instead of the first cylindrical portion 134, the second cylindrical portion 136, and the connecting portion 137 as compared with the inner protective cover 130. .
  • the cylindrical portion 234 has a smaller diameter than the large-diameter portion 132 and is connected to the large-diameter portion 132 via the step portion 133.
  • the cylindrical portion 234 is connected to the tip portion 138.
  • the central axis of the cylindrical portion 234 is coaxial with the central axis of the distal end portion 138 and the outer protective cover 140.
  • the cylindrical portion 234 is formed with a plurality of (6 in FIG. 6 and FIG.
  • gas flow path 227 through-holes that are open in a rectangular shape, and the inside of these holes is a gas flow path 227.
  • the gas flow paths 227 are formed at equal intervals along the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion 234.
  • the gas flow path 227 is formed as a flow path in a direction (left-right direction in FIG. 6) perpendicular to the front end-rear end direction of the sensor element 110.
  • the gas flow path 227 is formed as a flow path in the direction (radial direction) toward the central axis when viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the cylindrical portion 234.
  • the opening inside the cylindrical portion 234 corresponds to the element side opening
  • the outside opening corresponds to the outside opening.
  • the element side opening is relatively close to the gas inlet 111 by setting the distance A1 to be ⁇ 5 mm to 1.5 mm. . Therefore, as in the above-described embodiment, the gas to be measured is prevented from directly hitting the surface other than the gas inlet 111 or reaches the gas inlet 111 after passing a long distance on the surface of the sensor element 110. This can be suppressed. Further, since the element side opening is relatively close to the gas inlet, the gas concentration detection response can be improved.
  • the distance A1 in the gas sensor 200 of the modified example is a vertical distance from the gas inlet 111 to the lower end of the element side opening of the gas flow path 227, as shown in FIG.
  • the distance A ⁇ b> 2 is a distance in the left-right direction from the end of the sensor element 110 (left end in FIG. 6) to the element side opening of the gas flow path 227.
  • the distance A2 is equal to the distance from the end of the sensor element 110 to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 234.
  • the closest to the sensor element 110 is the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 234, and the distance A6 is equal to the distance A2.
  • the cylindrical portion 234 is formed with a plurality of (six in this embodiment) plate-like regulating members 227a that regulate the flow of the gas to be measured flowing into the sensor element chamber 124 via the gas flow path 227.
  • the restricting member 227 a corresponds to the plurality of gas flow paths 227 on a one-to-one basis, and the restricting member 227 a is positioned between the corresponding gas flow paths 227 and the sensor element 110. Is formed.
  • the plurality of regulating members 227a are formed so as to be rotationally symmetric (six-fold symmetry in the present embodiment). Further, an angle ⁇ 1 (see FIG.
  • the regulating surface of the regulating member 227a and the outer opening surface of the gas flow path 227 is such that the gas to be measured that passes through the element side opening of the gas flow path 227 directly enters the sensor element 110. It is set at an angle that restricts heading. By doing so, the gas to be measured that has flowed out of the element-side opening is less likely to directly contact the surface of the sensor element 110, so that the cooling of the sensor element 110 can be further suppressed.
  • the angle ⁇ 1 formed may be, for example, 20 ° or more and 70 ° or less, or 25 ° or more and 67.5 ° or less.
  • the inner protective cover 130 that is a gas flow path forming member may include the regulating member 227a, or the regulating member 227a may be a member independent of the inner protective cover 130.
  • the gas flow path 127 is formed as a cylindrical gap between the outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion 134 and the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion 136.
  • a gas flow path is formed as a gap between the member 131 and the second member 135, the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion and the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion are in contact, and a recess is formed on at least one of the outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion and the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion.
  • the gas channel may be a gap formed by a recess.
  • FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a gas sensor 300 according to a modified example in this case, and FIG.
  • the gas sensor 300 includes an inner protective cover 330.
  • the inner protective cover 330 includes a first member 331 and a second member 135.
  • the first member 331 includes a first cylindrical portion 334 instead of the first cylindrical portion 134 as compared with the first member 131.
  • the first cylindrical portion 334 is connected to the large diameter portion 132 through the step portion 133.
  • Each of the recesses 334a is formed from one end to the other end in the axial direction of the first cylindrical portion 334 (however, the stepped portion 133 side, that is, the upper end of the first cylindrical portion 334 in FIG. 8 does not penetrate).
  • the inner protective cover 330 forms a gas flow path 327 that is a gap between the concave portion 334 a and the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion 136.
  • a plurality (six in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9) of gas passages 327 are formed according to the number of recesses 334a, and are formed in a vertical hole shape.
  • the gas flow path 327 includes an outer opening 328 that is an opening on the first gas chamber 122 side, and an element-side opening 329 that is an opening on the sensor element chamber 124 side.
  • the gas flow path 127 is a flow path (vertical flow path in FIG. 2) parallel to the rear end-front end direction of the sensor element 110.
  • the element opening 329 opens downward (directly below) in FIG. 8, and is a region in which the gas flow path 327 is virtually extended from the element side opening 329 (directly below the element side opening 329 in FIG. 8).
  • the sensor element 110 is disposed at a position other than (region).
  • the gas sensor 300 opens from the rear end side to the front end side of the sensor element 110 and into the sensor element chamber 124 in the path of the gas to be measured from the first outer gas hole 144a to the gas inlet 111. Since the gas flow path 327 is formed, both responsiveness and heat retention can be achieved in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment. In the gas sensor 300 as well, the distances A1 to A6, the distance B, and the distance L can be appropriately adjusted in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment, and the above-described effects can be obtained. 8 and 9, the first member 331 has a recess.
  • the recess is formed in the second member 135 so that the gap between the recess of the second member 135 and the outer peripheral surface of the first member is a gas flow path. It is good.
  • a recess may be formed in both the first member 331 and the second member 135, and a gap between the recess of the first member 331 and the recess of the second member 135 may be used as a gas flow path.
  • the shape of the recess is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 9, and the cross section may be rectangular, for example.
  • the gas flow path 127 is a flow path (vertical flow path in FIG. 2) parallel to the rear end-front end direction of the sensor element 110, but is not limited thereto.
  • the gas flow path may be a flow path inclined from the rear end-front end direction so as to approach the sensor element from the rear end side toward the front end side of the sensor element.
  • FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of a gas sensor 400 according to a modification example in this case.
  • the same components as those of the gas sensor 100 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the gas sensor 400 includes an inner protective cover 430.
  • the inner protective cover 430 includes a first member 431 and a second member 435.
  • the first member 431 does not include the first cylindrical portion 134, but has a cylindrical body portion 434a and a cylinder whose diameter decreases from the rear end side toward the front end side of the sensor element 110.
  • the body portion 434 a is connected to the large diameter portion 132 through the step portion 133.
  • the first cylindrical portion 434 b is connected to the body portion 434 a at the end on the rear end side of the sensor element 110.
  • the second member 435 does not include the second cylindrical portion 136, but has a cylindrical second cylindrical portion 436 whose diameter decreases from the rear end side toward the front end side of the sensor element 110. I have.
  • the second cylindrical portion 436 is connected to the distal end portion 138 through the connection portion 137.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion 434b and the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion 436 are not in contact with each other, and a gap formed by both is a gas flow path 427.
  • the gas channel 427 includes an outer opening 428 that is an opening on the first gas chamber 122 side, and an element-side opening 429 that is an opening on the sensor element chamber 124 side.
  • the gas flow path 427 approaches the sensor element 110 from the rear end side to the front end side of the sensor element 110 (of the inner protective cover 130).
  • the flow path is inclined from the rear end to the front end direction (so as to approach the central axis).
  • the gas channel 427 is configured such that the width of the gas channel 427 becomes narrower from the rear end side to the front end side of the sensor element 110. Therefore, the opening area of the element side opening 429 is smaller than the opening area of the outer opening 429. In other words, the distance A4 is smaller than the distance A5 of the gas flow path 427 described in FIG.
  • the gas to be measured passes from the first outer gas hole 144a to the gas inlet 111, and opens from the rear end side to the front end side of the sensor element 110 and into the sensor element chamber 124. Since the gas flow path 427 is formed, both responsiveness and heat retention can be achieved in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment.
  • the opening area of the element side opening 429 serving as the outlet side of the measured gas is smaller than the opening area of the outer opening 428, the measured gas flows in from the outer opening 428 and flows out from the element side opening 429. By doing so, the flow velocity of the gas to be measured at the time of outflow is increased as compared with the time of inflow into the gas flow path.
  • the response of gas concentration detection can be further improved. Even if the gas flow path 427 is not necessarily inclined from the rear end-front end direction of the sensor element 110, if the opening area of the element side opening 429 is smaller than the opening area of the outer opening 428, the responsiveness is thereby improved. Effect is obtained.
  • the inner protective cover 130 is a gas flow path forming member, but is not limited thereto.
  • the inner protective cover 130 may have another member other than the gas flow path forming member, and the gas flow path forming member may be a part of the inner protective cover 130.
  • the distal end portion 138 may be configured as a member different from the second cylindrical portion 136.
  • the first member 131 and the second cylindrical portion 136 correspond to the gas flow path forming member
  • the gas flow path forming member and the tip end portion 138 correspond to the inner protective cover 130.
  • the gas flow path forming member may exist separately from the inner protective cover 130.
  • the gas inlet 111 is opened at the tip surface of the sensor element 110 (the lower surface of the sensor element 110 in FIG. 2), but is not limited thereto. For example, you may open to the side surface (The left surface of the sensor element 110 in FIG. 2, a right surface, etc.) of the sensor element 110.
  • FIG. 1 The left surface of the sensor element 110 in FIG. 2, a right surface, etc.
  • the gas flow path 127 is formed as a cylindrical gap between the outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion 134 and the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion 136. Not only the gap between the members but also a gap between three or more members may be formed. Or the through-hole is formed in the gas flow path formation member which consists of one member, and this hole may become the gas flow path 127.
  • FIG. 1 the gas flow path formation member which consists of one member, and this hole may become the gas flow path 127.
  • the shape of the outer protective cover 140 and the shape, number, and arrangement of the first outer gas hole 144a and the second outer gas hole 147a in the above-described embodiment are not limited to the above-described aspects, and may be changed as appropriate.
  • the outer protective cover 140 may not be a bottomed cylindrical shape. Specifically, there is no bottom surface of the tip portion 146, and the outer protective cover 140 may be cylindrical.
  • the 1st outer side gas hole 144a shall have the horizontal hole 144b and the vertical hole 144c, it is good also as what has only any one.
  • a first outer gas hole may be formed at the corner of the boundary between the side portion 143a and the stepped portion 143b.
  • a square hole 144d shown in FIG. 11 may be formed.
  • the square hole 144d is formed at the corner of the boundary between the side portion 143a and the stepped portion 143b.
  • the angle ⁇ 2 formed with the straight line b) is a value in the range of 10 ° to 80 ° (45 ° in FIG. 11).
  • the angle formed by the inner peripheral surface of the square hole 144d and the outer opening surface is 90 °.
  • the second outer gas hole 147a may have one or more of a horizontal hole, a vertical hole, and a square hole.
  • the shape of the inner protective cover 130 and the shape, number, and arrangement of the inner gas holes 138a may be changed as appropriate as with the outer protective cover 140.
  • the inner protective cover 130 does not have to be a bottomed cylindrical shape.
  • the inner protective cover 138 (second member 135) may have a cylindrical shape without the bottom surface of the tip portion 138.
  • FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a modified gas sensor 500.
  • the gas sensor 500 includes an inner protective cover 530.
  • the inner protective cover 530 includes a first member 131 and a second member 535. Compared with the second member 135, the second member 535 includes a distal end portion 538 instead of not including the distal end portion 138.
  • the tip portion 538 is a bottomed cylindrical member having a smaller diameter than the second cylindrical portion 136.
  • the distal end portion 538 is connected to the second cylindrical portion 136 via the connection portion 137.
  • One circular inner gas hole 538 a communicating with the sensor element chamber 124 and the second gas chamber 126 is formed at the center of the bottom surface of the distal end portion 538.
  • FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modified gas sensor 100a.
  • 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line GG in FIG. FIG. 13 shows the same cross section as FIG.
  • a plurality of protruding portions 136a that protrude toward the outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion 134 and are in contact with the outer peripheral surface are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion 136.
  • the protrusions 136 a are provided at three locations, and are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion 136.
  • the protrusion 136a is formed in a substantially hemispherical shape.
  • the positional relationship between the first cylindrical portion 134 and the second cylindrical portion 136 is easily fixed by the protruding portion 136a.
  • the second member 135 can be attached to the first member 131 via the protrusion 136a. Therefore, in the subsequent assembly process of the gas sensor 100a (for example, when the outer protective cover 140 is attached), the second member 135 can be prevented from dropping from the first member 131, and the gas sensor 100a can be easily assembled.
  • the protrusion part 136a is pressing the outer peripheral surface of the 1st cylindrical part 134 toward radial inside. In this way, the positional relationship between the first cylindrical portion 134 and the second cylindrical portion 136 can be more reliably fixed by the protruding portion 136a.
  • a protrusion 136a may be formed by, for example, pressing the outer peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion 136 toward the center to protrude a part of the inner peripheral surface, or having a shape having the protrusion 136a.
  • the second cylindrical portion 136 may be integrally formed using a mold. In FIG. 14, the number of the protrusions 136a is three.
  • the positional relationship between the first cylindrical part 134 and the second cylindrical part 136 can be fixed, and the number of the protrusions 136a may be two, or four or more. Also good.
  • the protrusion part 136a shall be 3 or more.
  • the protrusion part should just be formed in at least one surface of the outer peripheral surface of the 1st cylindrical part 134, and the inner peripheral surface of the 2nd cylindrical part 136, and may contact the other surface. For example, as shown in FIG. 15, a plurality of (three in FIG.
  • protrusions protrude from the outer peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion 134 toward the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion 136 and are in contact with the inner peripheral surface.
  • the part 134a may be provided.
  • you may provide a protrusion part in both the outer peripheral surface of the 1st cylindrical part 134, and the internal peripheral surface of the 2nd cylindrical part 136.
  • FIG. 13 although the outer peripheral surface of the part in which the protrusion part 136a is formed among the 2nd cylindrical parts 136 shall be indented inside, it is not restricted to this. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the protruding portion is not limited to a hemispherical shape, and may have any shape.
  • the porous protective layer 110a is formed on five of the six surfaces of the sensor element 110 and covers most of the exposed surface in the sensor element chamber 124. Specifically, the porous protective layer 110a covers all the front end surface (the lower surface in FIG. 13) of the sensor element 110 where the gas introduction port 111 is formed. Further, the porous protective layer 110a covers the side close to the tip surface of the sensor element 110 among the four surfaces connected to the tip surface of the sensor element 110 (up, down, left and right surfaces in the sensor element 110 in FIG. 14). .
  • the porous protective layer 110a covers the sensor element 110 and protects the portion.
  • the porous protection part 110a plays a role of suppressing the occurrence of cracks in the sensor element 110 due to adhesion of moisture or the like in the gas to be measured.
  • the porous protective layer 110a plays a role of suppressing the oil component or the like contained in the measurement gas from adhering to an electrode (not shown) on the surface of the sensor element 110.
  • the porous protective layer 110a is made of a porous material such as an alumina porous material, a zirconia porous material, a spinel porous material, a cordierite porous material, a titania porous material, or a magnesia porous material.
  • the porous protective layer 110a can be formed by, for example, plasma spraying, screen printing, dipping, or the like. Although the porous protective layer 110a also covers the gas inlet 111, since the porous protective layer 110a is a porous body, the gas to be measured flows through the porous protective layer 110a and flows into the gas inlet. 111 is reachable.
  • the surface of the sensor element 110 may be covered with a porous protective layer not only in the gas sensor 100a but also in other forms of gas sensors such as the gas sensor 100 of the above-described embodiment.
  • the length in the axial direction of the distal end portion 146 may be shortened to make the distance B smaller than that in FIG.
  • FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view of a gas sensor 100b according to a modification in this case.
  • 18 is an H view of FIG. FIG. 17 shows the same cross section as FIG.
  • the axial length of the tip 146 is short and the distance B is small.
  • the distance B may be, for example, 0.6 mm.
  • twelve vertical holes 144c are formed at equal intervals as the first outer gas holes 144a, and six vertical holes 147c are formed at equal intervals as the second outer gas holes 147a.
  • the horizontal hole 144b and the horizontal hole 147b shown in FIG. 2 are not formed in the gas sensor 100b.
  • the first member 131 of the inner protective cover 130 has a plate thickness of 0.3 mm, an axial length of 10.0 mm, an axial length of the large diameter portion 132 of 1.8 mm, and a large diameter portion.
  • the outer diameter was 8.2 mm
  • the axial length of the first cylindrical portion 134 was 8.1 mm
  • the outer diameter of the first cylindrical portion 134 was 7.7 mm.
  • the second member 135 has a plate thickness of 0.3 mm, an axial length of 11.5 mm, an axial length of the second cylindrical portion 136 of 4.5 mm, an inner diameter of the second cylindrical portion 136 of 8.7 mm, and a tip.
  • the length of the portion 138 in the axial direction was 4.9 mm, and the diameter of the bottom surface of the tip 138 was 2.5 mm.
  • the distance A1 is 0.5 mm
  • the distance A2 is 1.9 mm
  • the distance A3 is 2.8 mm
  • the distances A4 and A5 are both 0.5 mm
  • the distance A6 is 1.6 mm
  • the distance L is 4 mm. did.
  • the inner gas hole 138a was a vertical hole having a diameter of 1.5 mm and was formed at the center of the bottom surface of the tip portion 138.
  • the outer protective cover 140 has a plate thickness of 0.4 mm, an axial length of 24.2 mm, an axial length of the large diameter portion 142 of 6.1 mm, an outer diameter of the large diameter portion 142 of 15.2 mm, and a body portion.
  • the axial length of 143 is 8.5 mm
  • the outer diameter of the body 143 is 14.6 mm
  • the axial length of the tip 146 is 9.6 mm
  • the outer diameter of the tip 146 is 8.7 mm.
  • the first outer gas holes 144a were formed by alternately forming six horizontal holes 144b having a diameter of 1 mm and six vertical holes 144c having a diameter of 1 mm at equal intervals (an angle between adjacent holes being 30 °).
  • the second outer gas holes 147a were formed with three lateral holes 147b with a diameter of 1 mm and three vertical holes 147c with a diameter of 1 mm alternately at equal intervals (the angle between adjacent holes was 60 °).
  • the distance B was 2.7 mm.
  • the sensor element 110 of the gas sensor 100 has a width (left and right length in FIG. 2) of 4 mm and a thickness (length in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 2) of 1.5 mm, and detects the oxygen concentration. It was.
  • the gas introduction port 111 having an opening at the front end surface of the sensor element 110 was used.
  • Example 2 Twelve vertical holes 144c with a diameter of 1 mm are formed at equal intervals as the first outer gas holes 144a, and six vertical holes 147c with a diameter of 1 mm are formed at equal intervals as the second outer gas holes 147a.
  • a gas sensor similar to Experimental Example 1 was used as Experimental Example 2 except that the distance B was increased to 0.6 mm.
  • the distance A1 is 0.5 mm
  • the distance A2 is 1.9 mm
  • the distance A3 is 4.6 mm
  • the distances A4 and A5 are both 0.5 mm
  • the distance A6 is 1.6 mm
  • the distance L is It was 4 mm.
  • the distance A3 in Experimental Example 2 is the distance in the vertical direction in FIG.
  • 19 and 20 are cross-sectional views of the gas sensor of Experimental Example 2.
  • FIG. 19 and 20 show the same cross section as FIG. 2 and FIG. 21 is an I view of FIG.
  • the gas sensor 300 shown in FIGS. The outer protective cover 140 having the same configuration as in Experimental Example 2 was used.
  • the second member 135 was the same as that of Experimental Example 2, and the distance B was 0.6 mm.
  • the first member 331 has six recesses 334a formed at equal intervals, and four gas channels 327 having a cross-sectional area of 2.7 mm 2 perpendicular to the front end-rear end direction of the sensor element 110.
  • the distance A1 was 0.5 mm
  • the distance A2 was 1.3 mm
  • the distance A3 was 2.8 mm
  • the distance A6 was 1.0 mm
  • the distance L was 4 mm.
  • the first cylindrical portion 334 since the first cylindrical portion 334 is closest to the sensor element 110, the shortest distance between the sensor element 110 and the inner peripheral surface of the first cylindrical portion 334 is the distance A6.
  • the gas sensor 200 shown in FIGS. The outer protective cover 140 having the same configuration as in Experimental Example 1 was used.
  • the inner protective cover 230 has a plate thickness of 0.3 mm, an axial length of 17.7 mm, an axial length of the large diameter portion 132 of 1.8 mm, an outer diameter of the large diameter portion of 8.2 mm, and a cylindrical portion 234.
  • the axial length was 9.3 mm
  • the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 234 was 8.2 mm
  • the axial length of the tip portion 138 was 4.9 mm
  • the diameter of the bottom surface of the tip portion 138 was 2.5 mm.
  • the distance B was 2.7 mm.
  • a gas flow path 227 Six rectangular through-holes having an external opening area of 0.479 mm 2 are formed at equal intervals in the cylindrical portion 234 to form a gas flow path 227.
  • a regulating member 227a is formed corresponding to each of the gas flow paths 227.
  • the formed angle ⁇ 1 was 38 °.
  • Example 5 The gas sensor 200a shown in FIG. In the gas sensor 200a of FIG. 22, the gas flow path 227 and the regulating member 227a are formed at positions closer to the rear end side of the sensor element 110 (distance A1 is increased), and the diameter of the inner gas hole 138a is reduced. On the other hand, the first outer gas holes 144a are not provided with the vertical holes 144c, and six horizontal holes 144b with a diameter of 1 mm are formed at equal intervals. The configuration is the same as that of the gas sensor 200 (Experimental Example 4) shown in FIGS.
  • the inner protective cover 140 has a distance A1 of 6.0 mm, a distance A2 (a distance from the sensor element 110 to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 234 and equal to the distance A6) of 1.8 mm, and an inner gas hole 138a.
  • the diameter was 1 mm.
  • the gas sensor 600 shown in FIG. 23 the same components as those of the gas sensor 100 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the gas sensor 600 includes an inner protective cover 630 instead of the inner protective cover 130.
  • the inner protective cover 630 includes a large-diameter portion 132, a first trunk portion 634 that is cylindrical and smaller in diameter than the large-diameter portion 132, and a second trunk portion 636 that is cylindrical and smaller in diameter than the first trunk portion 634. And a tip portion 638 having a bottomed cylindrical shape and a diameter smaller than that of the second body portion 636.
  • the large diameter portion 132 and the first body portion 634 are connected by a step portion 133.
  • the inner protective cover 630 includes a step 635 that connects the first body 634 and the second body 636, and a step 637 that connects the second body 636 and the tip 638. .
  • the large-diameter portion 132, the first barrel portion 634, the second barrel portion 636, and the tip portion 638 have the same central axis.
  • the first body 634 and the second body 636 are positioned so as to cover the side surface of the sensor element 110.
  • six through holes that are rectangularly opened are formed in the same manner as the gas flow path 227 shown in FIG. 6, and the inside of these holes is a gas flow path 627.
  • the gas flow paths 627 are formed at equal intervals along the outer periphery of the first body 634.
  • the gas flow path 627 is formed as a flow path in a direction perpendicular to the front-rear end direction of the sensor element 110 (the left-right direction in FIG. 23).
  • the gas flow path 627 is formed as a flow path in the direction (radial direction) toward the central axis when viewed in a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the first body 634.
  • six plate-like regulating members 627a that regulate the flow of the gas to be measured flowing into the sensor element chamber 124 through the gas flow path 627 are formed at equal intervals on the first body 634. Yes.
  • the regulating member 627 a corresponds to the plurality of gas flow paths 627 on a one-to-one basis, and the regulating member 627 a is formed so as to be positioned between the corresponding gas flow path 627 and the sensor element 110.
  • the plurality of regulating members 627a are formed to be rotationally symmetric (six-fold symmetric).
  • Four inner gas holes 638 a that communicate with the sensor element chamber 124 and the second gas chamber 126 are formed at equal intervals on the side surface of the distal end portion 638.
  • the inner protective cover 630 has a plate thickness of 0.3 mm, an axial length of 17.7 mm, an axial length of the large diameter portion 132 of 1.8 mm, an outer diameter of the large diameter portion 132 of 14.1 mm, the first The axial length of the barrel 634 is 5.4 mm, the outer diameter of the first barrel 634 is 11.8 mm, the axial length of the second barrel 636 is 5.6 mm, and the outer diameter of the second barrel 636 is The axial length of the tip portion 638 was 8.2 mm, and the outer diameter of the tip portion 638 was 5.9 mm.
  • the external opening area of the gas channel 627 was set to 0.396 mm 2 .
  • the distance A1 was 6.2 mm, and the distance A2 was 3.6 mm. Since the element side opening of the gas flow path 627 is located on the inner peripheral surface of the first body 634, the distance between the sensor element 110 and the inner periphery of the first body 634 is the distance A2. The distance A6 was 1.8 mm. In Experimental Example 6, since the second body 636 is closest to the sensor element 110, the shortest distance between the sensor element 110 and the inner peripheral surface of the second body 636 is the distance A6.
  • the angle ⁇ 1 formed by the regulating surface of the regulating member 627a and the outer opening surface of the gas flow channel 627 was 38 °.
  • the inner gas hole 638a was a horizontal hole having a diameter of 1 mm.
  • the outer protective cover 140 having the same configuration as in Experimental Example 1 was used. However, instead of the first gas hole 144a and the second gas hole 147a, six square holes 644d having a diameter of 1 mm are formed at equal intervals as the first outer gas hole 644a, and a diameter of 1.2 mm is formed as the second outer gas hole 647a. Six square holes 647d were formed at equal intervals. In each of the square hole 644d and the square hole 647a, the angle ⁇ 2 formed by the external opening surface and the bottom surface (the step portion 143b and the bottom surface of the tip portion 146) is set to 45 °. The distance B was 2.7 mm.
  • Example 7 Experimental Example 5 except that six vertical holes 144c having a diameter of 1 mm are formed at equal intervals as the first outer gas holes 144a, and six vertical holes 147c having a diameter of 1 mm are formed at equal intervals as the second outer gas holes 147a.
  • a gas sensor having the same configuration as in Example 7 was designated as Experimental Example 7.
  • Experimental Example 8 was a gas sensor having the same configuration as Experimental Example 5 except that the diameter of the inner gas hole 138a was 1.5 mm.
  • Example 9 As the first outer gas holes 644a, instead of the square holes 644d, six horizontal holes 144b with a diameter of 1 mm and six vertical holes 144c with a diameter of 1 mm are alternately spaced at equal intervals (the angle between adjacent holes is 30 °). ). Further, as the second outer gas hole 647a, instead of the square hole 647d, three horizontal holes 147b with a diameter of 1 mm and three vertical holes 147c with a diameter of 1 mm are alternately arranged at equal intervals (the angle between adjacent holes is different). 60 °).
  • the first outer gas holes 144a were formed by alternately forming six horizontal holes 144b having a diameter of 1 mm and six vertical holes 144c having a diameter of 1 mm at equal intervals (an angle between adjacent holes being 30 °).
  • the second outer gas holes 147a were formed with three lateral holes 147b with a diameter of 1 mm and three vertical holes 147c with a diameter of 1 mm alternately at equal intervals (the angle between adjacent holes was 60 °). Except for this point, a gas sensor having the same configuration as that of Experimental Example 5 was used as Experimental Example 10.
  • the gas sensor 700 shown in FIG. 24 the same components as those of the gas sensor 600 of FIG. 23 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the gas sensor 700 includes an inner protective cover 730.
  • the inner protective cover 730 includes a body portion 734 instead of the first body portion 634, the stepped portion 635, and the second body portion 636, as compared with the inner protective cover 630.
  • the body portion 734 is connected to the large diameter portion 132 through the step portion 133 and is connected to the tip portion 638 through the step portion 637. That is, the shape of the inner protective cover 730 corresponds to the inner protective cover 630 in FIG.
  • the gas flow path 727 and the restriction member 727a are formed in the body portion 734 at equal intervals.
  • the number of gas flow paths 727 and restricting members 727a is three.
  • the distance A1 was 6.2 mm
  • the distance A2 was 1.8 mm
  • the distance B was 2.7 mm.
  • the body portion 734 is closest to the sensor element 110, and the element side opening of the gas flow path 727 is located on the inner peripheral surface of the body portion 734. Therefore, the sensor element 110 and the body portion 734 are disposed.
  • the outer protective cover 140 has six lateral holes 144b having a diameter of 1 mm and six vertical holes 144c having a diameter of 1 mm as the first outer gas holes 644a. As the holes 647a, three horizontal holes 147b with a diameter of 1 mm and three vertical holes 147c with a diameter of 1 mm were formed.
  • Example 13 A gas sensor obtained by changing the following points from the gas sensor of Experimental Example 1 was defined as Experimental Example 13. Specifically, the distances A4 and A5 were both set to 1.0 mm by increasing the inner diameter of the second cylindrical portion 136. By increasing the axial length of the second cylindrical portion 136 in the rear end direction (upward direction in FIG. 2) of the sensor element 110, the distance L is set to 4.3 mm and the distance A3 is set to 3.1 mm.
  • Example 14 A gas sensor obtained by changing the following points from the gas sensor of Experimental Example 1 was defined as Experimental Example 14. Specifically, the outer diameters of the first cylindrical portion 134 and the second cylindrical portion 136 are increased, the distance A2 is set to 2.4 mm, and the distance A6 is set to 2.1 mm without changing the values of the distances A4 and A5. . By increasing the axial length of the second cylindrical portion 136 in the rear end direction (upward direction in FIG. 2) of the sensor element 110, the distance L is set to 4.3 mm and the distance A3 is set to 3.1 mm.
  • Example 15 A gas sensor obtained by changing the following points from the gas sensor of Experimental Example 13 was set as Experimental Example 15. Specifically, the mounting position of the sensor element 110 is shifted in the tip direction of the sensor element 110 (downward in FIG. 2), and the distance A1 is set to 1.0 mm.
  • Example 16 A gas sensor obtained by changing the following points from the gas sensor of Experimental Example 13 was set as Experimental Example 16. Specifically, the attachment position of the sensor element 110 is shifted in the rear end direction (upward direction in FIG. 2) of the sensor element 110, and the distance A1 is set to ⁇ 0.6 mm.
  • Example 17 A gas sensor obtained by changing the following points from the gas sensor of Experimental Example 13 was set as Experimental Example 17. Specifically, by increasing the axial length of the second cylindrical portion 136 in the rear end direction of the sensor element 110 (upward in FIG. 2), the distance L is 5.3 mm and the distance A3 is 4.1 mm. did.
  • Example 18 A gas sensor obtained by changing the following points from the gas sensor of Experimental Example 13 was set as Experimental Example 18. Specifically, the length L in the axial direction of the second cylindrical portion 136 was shortened to 3.3 mm and the distance A3 to 2.1 mm.
  • Example 19 A gas sensor obtained by changing the following points from the gas sensor of Experimental Example 2 was defined as Experimental Example 19. Specifically, both the vertical hole 144c and the vertical hole 147c have a diameter of 1.2 mm. By increasing the axial length of the second cylindrical portion 136, the distance L was set to 4.3 mm, and the distance A3 was set to 4.9 mm.
  • Example 20 A gas sensor obtained by changing the following points from the gas sensor of Experimental Example 1 was defined as Experimental Example 20. Specifically, by increasing the axial length of the second cylindrical portion 136 in the rear end direction (upward direction in FIG. 2) of the sensor element 110, the distance L is 4.3 mm and the distance A3 is 3.1 mm. did.
  • Example 21 The gas sensor 100b shown in FIG. 17 and FIG. Specifically, a gas sensor obtained by changing the following points from the gas sensor of Experimental Example 1 was set as Experimental Example 21. Twelve vertical holes 144c with a diameter of 1 mm were formed as the first outer gas holes 144a at regular intervals, and six vertical holes 147c with a diameter of 1 mm were formed at equal intervals as the second outer gas holes 147a. Moreover, the axial direction length of the front-end
  • the distance A3 in Experimental Example 21 is the distance in the vertical direction in FIG. 17 from the end of the vertical hole 144c on the sensor element rear end side (upper side in FIG. 17) to the outer opening 128.
  • Example 22 A gas sensor obtained by changing the following points from the gas sensor of Experimental Example 3 was defined as Experimental Example 22. Specifically, by increasing the axial length of the second cylindrical portion 136 in the rear end direction (upward direction in FIG. 2) of the sensor element 110, the distance L is 4.3 mm and the distance A3 is 3.1 mm. did.
  • the gas sensors of Experimental Examples 1 to 22 were each attached to a pipe in the same manner as in FIG.
  • the piping was filled with air. Then, the pipe was left for 310 seconds with no wind, and then the gas to be measured was allowed to flow at a predetermined flow velocity V in the pipe.
  • the direction of the flow of the gas to be measured in Experimental Example 1 was from left to right in FIGS.
  • the same orientation was applied to Experimental Examples 2 to 22. In this case, the change in the output of the sensor element with time and the change in the input power of the heater were examined.
  • the air in the inner protective cover is considered to be completely replaced by the gas to be measured, and the ratio of the sensor element output to the maximum value is obtained as the gas replacement rate in the inner protective cover.
  • the time change of the gas replacement rate was taken.
  • the change over time of the gas replacement rate was determined by setting the predetermined flow velocity V of the measurement gas to 45 m / s.
  • the maximum value of the input power of the heater of the sensor element 110 from the start of flowing the gas to be measured until the gas replacement rate exceeds 90% was measured as the heater power (W).
  • a small value means that the sensor element 110 is difficult to cool, that is, the heat retaining effect is high.
  • the elapsed time from when the gas to be measured started to flow until the gas replacement rate exceeded 10% until the gas replacement rate exceeded 90% was defined as the gas concentration detection response time (s).
  • a shorter response time means higher gas concentration detection response.
  • the measurement of heater power and response time was performed several times about each experiment example, and each average value was made into heater power and response time about each experiment example.
  • Table 1 summarizes the results.
  • the heater power and response time of Table 1 are the average values mentioned above, and the number of times of each measurement is also shown in Table 1.
  • FIG. 25 shows a graph in which the heater power (average value) and the response time (average value) of Experimental Examples 1 to 22, which are the results of Evaluation Test 1, are plotted.
  • the sensor element 110 does not have a gas flow path that opens from the rear end side to the front end side and opens in the sensor element chamber 124 in which the gas introduction port 111 is disposed, and
  • the distance A1 is not in the range of ⁇ 5 mm to 1.5 mm
  • the relationship between the heater power and the response time is located near the broken line in FIG. It turns out that there is a trade-off relationship.
  • Experimental Examples 1 to 3, 13 to 22 having gas flow paths that open from the rear end side to the front end side of the sensor element 110 and open to the sensor element chamber 124 in which the gas introduction port 111 is disposed, and the distance A1
  • Experimental Example 4 in which the value is within the range of ⁇ 5 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less, the heater power is small and the response time is short from the broken line in FIG. That is, the responsiveness of the gas concentration detection and the heat retaining property of the sensor element are compatible with each other, out of the trade-off relationship.
  • the gas sensors of Experimental Examples 1, 2, 5, 6, 13, 19, 20, and 21 were attached to pipes (diameter 56 mm) in the same manner as in FIG. Then, a 2.0 L diesel engine was connected to this pipe and exhaust gas as a gas to be measured was allowed to flow for a predetermined time. This elapsed time is referred to as deposition time.
  • the operating conditions of the diesel engine were a rotational speed of 2000 rpm, a torque of 100 N, and an exhaust gas temperature of 200 ° C.
  • the flow direction of the exhaust gas from the diesel engine with respect to the gas sensor was the same as the flow direction of the gas to be measured in Evaluation Test 1.
  • the diesel engine was stopped when the deposition time reached 24 hours, and the response time (s) of the gas sensor was measured in the same manner as in the evaluation test 1.
  • the response time at this time was defined as the response time when the deposition time was 24 hours.
  • the response time when the deposition time was 48 hours was measured.
  • the response time was measured twice for each experimental example and each deposition time, and the average of the two times was used as the response time for each deposition time in each experimental example.
  • Table 2 shows the results of Evaluation Test 2. Moreover, the graph which plotted the deposition time and response time of Experimental example 1, 2, 5, 6, 13, 19, 20, 21 which are the results of the evaluation test 2 is shown in FIG. In Table 2 and FIG. 26, the response time measured in the evaluation test 1 is shown as the response time when the deposition time is 0 hour.
  • Experimental examples 1 to 4, 13 to 22 correspond to examples of the present invention, and experimental examples 5 to 12 correspond to comparative examples. In addition, this invention is not limited to said Example.
  • the present invention can be used as a gas sensor for detecting a predetermined gas concentration such as NOx or oxygen in a measurement gas such as an exhaust gas of an automobile.

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DE102017005577A1 (de) 2016-06-17 2017-12-21 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Gassensor
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JP2017223619A (ja) * 2016-06-17 2017-12-21 日本碍子株式会社 ガスセンサ
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DE102017005576A1 (de) 2016-06-17 2017-12-21 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Gassensor
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CN113376237B (zh) * 2020-03-09 2024-05-28 日本碍子株式会社 气体传感器
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JP2022153762A (ja) * 2021-03-30 2022-10-13 日本碍子株式会社 ガスセンサ
JP7609680B2 (ja) 2021-03-30 2025-01-07 日本碍子株式会社 ガスセンサ

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EP3006931A4 (de) 2017-01-11
EP3006931A1 (de) 2016-04-13

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