WO2014192083A1 - 太陽電池セルおよびその製造方法、太陽電池モジュール - Google Patents
太陽電池セルおよびその製造方法、太陽電池モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
- H10F77/215—Geometries of grid contacts
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- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/14—Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/90—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers
- H10F19/902—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells
- H10F19/904—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells characterised by the shapes of the structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/121—The active layers comprising only Group IV materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/30—Coatings
- H10F77/306—Coatings for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/311—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
- H10F77/315—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/70—Surface textures, e.g. pyramid structures
- H10F77/703—Surface textures, e.g. pyramid structures of the semiconductor bodies, e.g. textured active layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/93—Interconnections
- H10F77/933—Interconnections for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/935—Interconnections for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic devices or modules
- H10F77/937—Busbar structures for modules
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar battery cell, a manufacturing method thereof, and a solar battery module.
- the mainstream of power solar cells currently used on the earth is bulk silicon solar cells using a silicon substrate. And about the process flow in the mass production level of a silicon solar cell, various researches are made
- solar cells Conventional bulk silicon solar cells (hereinafter sometimes referred to as solar cells) are generally manufactured by the following method.
- a p-type silicon substrate is prepared as a first conductivity type substrate.
- the damaged layer on the silicon surface generated when the silicon substrate is sliced from the cast ingot is removed with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m with an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide of several wt% to 20 wt%, for example.
- a surface uneven structure called texture is formed on the surface from which the damage layer has been removed.
- a texture is usually formed in order to suppress light reflection and capture as much sunlight as possible onto the p-type silicon substrate.
- an alkali texture method As a method for producing the texture, for example, there is a method called an alkali texture method.
- anisotropic etching is performed with a solution in which an additive that promotes anisotropic etching such as IPA (isopropyl alcohol) is added to a low concentration alkali solution such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide of several wt%. Then, the texture is formed so that the silicon (111) surface appears.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- the p-type silicon substrate is treated for several tens of minutes at, for example, 800 ° C. to 900 ° C. in a mixed gas atmosphere of, for example, phosphorus oxychloride (POCl 3 ), nitrogen, and oxygen to uniformly apply the second
- An n-type impurity diffusion layer is formed as the conductive impurity layer.
- the n-type impurity diffusion layer is formed on the entire surface of the p-type silicon substrate.
- the sheet resistance of the n-type impurity diffusion layer uniformly formed on the silicon surface is about several tens of ⁇ / ⁇ , and the depth of the n-type impurity diffusion layer is about 0.3 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the n-type impurity diffusion layer is uniformly formed on the silicon surface, the front surface and the back surface are in an electrically connected state.
- the end face region of the p-type silicon substrate is etched by dry etching, for example.
- end face separation of the p-type silicon substrate may be performed by a laser. Thereafter, the p-type silicon substrate is immersed in a hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution, and the glassy material (PSG) deposited on the surface during the diffusion treatment is removed by etching.
- PSG glassy material
- an insulating film such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a titanium oxide film is formed with a uniform thickness on the surface of the n-type impurity diffusion layer as an insulating film (antireflection film) for the purpose of preventing reflection.
- an insulating film such as a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or a titanium oxide film is formed with a uniform thickness on the surface of the n-type impurity diffusion layer as an insulating film (antireflection film) for the purpose of preventing reflection.
- a silicon nitride film for example, it is formed by plasma CVD using silane (SiH 4 ) gas and ammonia (NH 3 ) gas as raw materials under conditions of 300 ° C. or higher and reduced pressure.
- the refractive index of the antireflection film is about 2.0 to 2.2, and the optimum film thickness is about 70 nm to 90 nm. It should be noted that the antireflection film formed
- a silver paste serving as a light-receiving surface side electrode is applied on the antireflection film in the shape of the grid electrode and the bus electrode by a screen printing method and dried.
- the silver paste for the light receiving surface side electrode is formed on an insulating film for the purpose of preventing reflection.
- a back aluminum electrode paste to be a back aluminum electrode and a back silver paste to be a back silver bus electrode are applied to the back surface of the substrate by the screen printing method on the back aluminum electrode shape and back silver bus electrode shape, respectively, and dried.
- the electrode paste applied to the front and back surfaces of the silicon substrate is simultaneously fired with a firing profile of several minutes to several tens of minutes at a peak temperature of 700 ° C. to 900 ° C. for several seconds.
- the grid electrode and the bus electrode are formed as the light receiving surface side electrode on the front surface side of the silicon substrate
- the back aluminum electrode and the back silver bus electrode are formed as the back surface side electrode on the back surface side of the silicon substrate.
- the silver material comes into contact with silicon and re-solidifies while the antireflection film is melted with the glass material contained in the silver paste.
- the metal paste used as the electrode a thick film paste composition obtained by dispersing metal powder and glass powder as main components in an organic vehicle is used. The glass powder contained in the metal paste is reactively fixed to the silicon surface, so that the mechanical strength of the electrode is maintained.
- a p + layer (Back Surface Field) containing aluminum as impurities in a higher concentration than the silicon substrate is the back aluminum electrode. It is formed immediately below. By carrying out such a process, a bulk type silicon solar battery cell is formed.
- the intention to reduce costs extends to all the materials that make up solar cells.
- the most expensive material after the silicon substrate is a silver (Ag) electrode, and studies on alternatives to the silver (Ag) electrode have begun.
- Non-Patent Document 1 an opening is provided by removing a portion where a comb-like electrode is formed in a silicon nitride film used as an antireflection film by a laser, and then nickel is applied to the opening. It is shown that plating is performed in the order of (Ni), copper (Cu), and silver (Ag). That is, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that copper (Cu) may be used as an alternative to silver (Ag).
- Non-Patent Document 2 shows that after forming a silver (Ag) paste electrode by conventional screen printing, plating with silver (Ag) is performed again, and plating is an effective method for electrode formation. It is disclosed that.
- Non-Patent Document 2 nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and tin (Sn) are further formed on the Ag paste electrode that has been printed and baked by screen printing.
- a method for reducing the cost by plating these in this order has been proposed, and for example, sales of equipment have been started from Meco in the Netherlands, which is a subsidiary of Besi (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 3).
- Non-Patent Document 1 the reproducibility and uniformity of processing when the silicon nitride film is removed with a laser are cited as problems.
- the laser power is high, the n-type impurity diffusion layer may be thermally damaged. If the laser power is low, the silicon nitride film is sufficiently processed It is assumed that there is a possibility that it cannot be performed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 in addition to the above-mentioned industrial stability problems of laser processing, when scanning the wafer thickness variation, the unevenness of the silicon structure on the texture surface, and the comb shape with a laser. There are also problems such as mechanical fluctuations. For this reason, the method of Non-Patent Document 1 has not been widely distributed. In addition, solar cells are required to have moisture resistance and temperature cycle resistance as reliability. However, the electrode structure formed by the method of Non-Patent Document 1 cannot be said to be a structure whose reliability has been sufficiently demonstrated, including those that are prevalent in the market.
- Non-Patent Document 2 after thinning the Ag electrode by conventional screen printing, the Ag electrode is further grown by plating, and by utilizing the plating, the electrode structure is made thinner than the conventional screen printing only electrode structure. Is going to be realized.
- the electrode width before plating is set to 60 ⁇ m to 85 ⁇ m, and the electrode width after plating is set to be less than 100 ⁇ m. Since the width of the electrode formed only by conventional screen printing is 120 ⁇ m, the electrode is thinned and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved. However, with an electrode width of about 100 ⁇ m, thinning of the electrode is insufficient to achieve higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- Non-Patent Document 3 since the width of the Ag paste electrode formed by screen printing first is at least about 50 ⁇ m or more, the electrode width after plating is also less than about 100 ⁇ m. However, with an electrode width of about 100 ⁇ m, thinning of the electrode is insufficient to achieve higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- Non-Patent Document 1 aimed at cost reduction has problems in reproducibility and reliability in manufacturing.
- the methods of Non-Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 3 aiming at high photoelectric conversion efficiency are on the extension of conventional screen printing, and thinning is insufficient.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof is to obtain a solar cell excellent in cost reduction and high photoelectric conversion efficiency, a manufacturing method thereof, and a solar cell module.
- a solar cell according to the present invention has a first conductive layer having an impurity diffusion layer in which a second conductive type impurity element is diffused on one side which is a light receiving surface side.
- Type semiconductor substrate a grid electrode and a bus electrode that is conductive to the grid electrode and wider than the grid electrode, and is formed on the one side and electrically connected to the impurity diffusion layer And a back surface side electrode formed on the back surface opposite to the one surface side of the semiconductor substrate and electrically connected to the impurity diffusion layer, wherein the light receiving surface side electrode is A first metal electrode layer which is a metal paste electrode layer directly bonded to one surface side of a semiconductor substrate; and a metal material which is different from the first metal electrode layer and has an electric resistivity substantially equal to that of the first metal electrode layer.
- a second metal electrode layer is a plated electrode layer formed over the upper metal electrode layer, the cross-sectional area of the grid electrode is at 300 [mu] m 2 or more, the electrode width of the grid electrodes is 60 ⁇ m or less It is characterized by this.
- FIG. 1-1 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the solar battery cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and is a top view of the solar battery cell viewed from the light receiving surface side.
- FIG. 1-2 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the solar cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and is a bottom view of the solar cell viewed from the side opposite to the light receiving surface (back side).
- 1-3 is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the photovoltaic cell concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention, and is principal part sectional drawing of a photovoltaic cell.
- FIG. 1-1 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the solar battery cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and is a top view of the solar battery cell viewed from the light receiving surface side.
- FIG. 1-2 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the solar cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and is a bottom view of the solar cell viewed from the side opposite to the light receiving surface (back side).
- 1-3 is
- FIG. 1-4 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the solar cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and shows an enlarged view of the vicinity of the surface silver grid electrode of the light-receiving surface side electrode in FIG. 1-3.
- FIG. FIGS. 2-1 is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic cell concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 2-2 is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic cell concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 2-3 is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic cell concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 2-5 is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic cell concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 2-6 is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic cell concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIGS. 2-7 is sectional drawing for demonstrating the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic cell concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIGS. FIG. 2-8 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a manufacturing step for the solar battery cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining a manufacturing process of the solar battery cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the front silver grid electrode and the fill factor (FF).
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the surface silver grid electrode width and the fill factor (FF) in a solar cell in which the cross-sectional area of the surface silver grid electrode is approximately 500 ⁇ m 2 .
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the front silver grid electrode and the width of the front silver grid electrode due to the difference in formation method.
- FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the front silver grid electrode and the fill factor (FF).
- FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the number of front silver bus electrodes and the short-circuit current density (Jsc) of the solar cell module.
- FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the number of front silver bus electrodes and the fill factor (FF) of the solar cell module.
- FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the number of front silver bus electrodes and the maximum output Pmax of the solar cell module.
- FIG. 10 is a top view of the solar battery cell viewed from the light-receiving surface side when the number of front silver bus electrodes is four.
- FIG. FIGS. 1-1 to 1-4 are diagrams for explaining the configuration of the solar battery cell 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1-1 shows the solar battery cell viewed from the light-receiving surface side.
- 1 is a bottom view of the solar cell 1 viewed from the side opposite to the light receiving surface (back side)
- FIG. 1-3 is a cross-sectional view of the main part of the solar cell 1.
- 1-3 is a cross-sectional view of the main part in the AA direction of FIG. 1-1.
- 1-4 is an essential part cross-sectional view showing an enlarged vicinity of the surface silver grid electrode of the light-receiving surface side electrode in FIG. 1-3.
- n-type impurity diffusion layer 3 having a depth of about 0.3 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m is formed by phosphorous diffusion on the light-receiving surface side of semiconductor substrate 2 made of p-type polycrystalline silicon.
- the semiconductor substrate 11 having a pn junction is formed.
- An antireflection film 4 made of a silicon nitride film (SiN film) is formed on the n-type impurity diffusion layer 3.
- the semiconductor substrate 2 is not limited to a p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate, and a p-type single crystal silicon substrate, an n-type polycrystalline silicon substrate, or an n-type single crystal silicon substrate may be used.
- fine irregularities 3a are formed as a texture structure.
- the minute unevenness 3a has a structure that increases the area of the light receiving surface that absorbs light from the outside, suppresses the reflectance at the light receiving surface, and confines light.
- the antireflection film 4 is made of, for example, a silicon nitride film (SiN film), and is formed on the light receiving surface side (light receiving surface) of the semiconductor substrate 11 with a film thickness of, for example, about 70 nm to 90 nm. Prevent reflection.
- a plurality of long and narrow surface silver grid electrodes 5 are arranged side by side on the light receiving surface side of the semiconductor substrate 11, and a surface silver bus electrode 6 electrically connected to the surface silver grid electrode 5 is substantially the same as the surface silver grid electrode 5. They are provided so as to be orthogonal to each other, and are respectively electrically connected to the n-type impurity diffusion layer 3 at the bottom portion.
- the front silver grid electrode 5 and the front silver bus electrode 6 are made of a silver material.
- the front silver grid electrode 5 and the front silver bus electrode 6 constitute a light receiving surface side electrode 12 as a first electrode.
- the light receiving surface side electrode 12 disposed on the light receiving surface side is formed in a comb shape in order to efficiently collect the generated current.
- the front silver grid electrode 5 has a width of, for example, less than 60 ⁇ m, and several tens are formed.
- the front silver bus electrode 6 does not serve to connect the light-receiving surface side electrodes 12 to each other, and has a width of 1 mm to 2 mm, for example, and is composed of 2 to 4.
- the front silver grid electrode 5 of the light receiving surface side electrode 12 includes a silver (Ag) paste electrode layer 21 which is a metal paste electrode directly bonded to the light receiving surface side surface of the semiconductor substrate 11 (n-type impurity diffusion layer 3), and silver (Ag) Nickel (Ni) plating electrode layer 22 formed by plating over paste electrode layer 21 and copper (Cu) plating electrode layer formed by plating over nickel (Ni) plating electrode layer 22 23 and a tin (Sn) plating electrode layer 24 formed by plating so as to cover the copper (Cu) plating electrode layer 23.
- the front silver bus electrode 6 of the light receiving surface side electrode 12 has the same configuration as the front silver grid electrode 5.
- a back aluminum electrode 7 made of an aluminum material is provided on the entire back surface (surface opposite to the light receiving surface) of the semiconductor substrate 11 and extends in substantially the same direction as the front silver bus electrode 6.
- a bar-shaped back silver electrode 8 made of is provided as an extraction electrode.
- the back aluminum electrode 7 and the back silver electrode 8 constitute a back electrode 13 as a second electrode.
- the shape of the back silver electrode 8 may be a dot or the like.
- an alloy layer of aluminum (Al) and silicon (Si) is formed by firing on the surface layer part on the back surface (surface opposite to the light receiving surface) side of the semiconductor substrate 11 and below the back aluminum electrode 7.
- a p + layer (BSF (Back Surface Field)) 9 containing high-concentration impurities by aluminum diffusion is formed below (not shown).
- the p + layer (BSF) 9 is provided to obtain the BSF effect, and the electron concentration of the p-type layer (semiconductor substrate 2) is adjusted by an electric field having a band structure so that electrons in the p-type layer (semiconductor substrate 2) do not disappear. It contributes to the improvement of the energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell 1 by making it raise.
- the solar cell 1 configured as described above, sunlight is applied to the pn junction surface (the junction surface between the semiconductor substrate 2 and the n-type impurity diffusion layer 3) of the semiconductor substrate 11 from the light receiving surface side of the solar cell 1. Then, holes and electrons are generated. Due to the electric field at the pn junction, the generated electrons move toward the n-type impurity diffusion layer 3 and the holes move toward the p + layer 9. As a result, electrons are excessive in the n-type impurity diffusion layer 3 and holes are excessive in the p + layer 9. As a result, a photovoltaic force is generated.
- This photovoltaic power is generated in a direction in which the pn junction is biased in the forward direction, the light receiving surface side electrode 12 connected to the n-type impurity diffusion layer 3 becomes a negative pole, and the back surface side electrode 13 connected to the p + layer 9 becomes a positive pole.
- a current flows through an external circuit (not shown).
- FIGS. 2-1 to 2-9 are cross-sectional views for explaining the manufacturing process of the solar battery cell 1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining a manufacturing process of the solar battery cell 1 according to the first embodiment.
- a p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate that is most frequently used for consumer solar cells is prepared (hereinafter referred to as p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 11a). Since the p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 11a is manufactured by slicing an ingot formed by cooling and solidifying molten silicon with a wire saw, damage at the time of slicing remains on the surface. Therefore, the p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 11a is generated when the silicon substrate is cut out by immersing the surface of the p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 11a in an acid or heated alkaline solution, for example, in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and etching the surface to a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m, for example. The damaged area existing near the surface of the silicon substrate 11a is removed (step S10, FIG. 2-1).
- the p-type polycrystal silicon substrate 11a is immersed in an alkaline solution and anisotropic etching is performed so that the (111) plane of silicon is exposed, thereby p-type polycrystal.
- a fine asperity 3a of about 10 ⁇ m is formed as a texture structure on the light receiving surface side surface of the silicon substrate 11a (step S20, FIG. 2-2).
- the concentration of the alkaline solution may be adjusted to a concentration according to each purpose, and continuous treatment may be performed.
- this invention is invention concerning electrode formation, it does not restrict
- an alkaline aqueous solution containing isopropyl alcohol or a method using acid etching mainly composed of a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid, or a mask material partially provided with an opening is formed on the surface of the p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 11a.
- Any method such as a method of obtaining a honeycomb structure or an inverted pyramid structure on the surface of the p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 11a by etching through the mask material, or a method using reactive gas etching (RIE). Can be used.
- RIE reactive gas etching
- this p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 11a is put into a thermal oxidation furnace and heated in an atmosphere of phosphorus (P) which is an n-type impurity, for example.
- phosphorus (P) is thermally diffused on the surface of the p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 11a to form an n-type impurity diffusion layer 3 whose conductivity type is reversed from that of the p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 11a.
- a pn junction is formed.
- a semiconductor substrate 11 having a pn junction is obtained (step S30, FIG. 2-3).
- the n-type impurity diffusion layer 3 is formed on the entire surface of the p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 11a.
- the sheet resistance of the n-type impurity diffusion layer 3 is, for example, about several tens of ⁇ / ⁇ , and the depth of the n-type impurity diffusion layer 3 is, for example, about 0.3 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the vitreous (phosphosilicate glass, PSG: Phospho-Silicate Glass) layer deposited on the surface during the diffusion treatment is formed on the surface immediately after the formation of the n-type impurity diffusion layer 3, the phosphorus glass layer Is removed using a hydrofluoric acid solution or the like.
- the n-type impurity diffusion layer 3 is formed on the entire surface of the p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 11a. Therefore, in order to remove the influence of the n-type impurity diffusion layer 3 formed on the back surface or the like of the p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate 11a, for example, a p-type polycrystal is used by using a hydrofluoric acid solution in which hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid are mixed. The n-type impurity diffusion layer 3 is left only on one surface on the light receiving surface side of the silicon substrate 11a, and the n-type impurity diffusion layer 3 in other regions is removed.
- an anti-reflection film 4 for example, 70 nm to A silicon nitride film (SiN film) is formed with a thickness of about 90 nm (step S40, FIG. 2-4).
- a plasma CVD method is used, and a silicon nitride film is formed as the antireflection film 4 using a mixed gas of silane and ammonia.
- an electrode is formed.
- an aluminum paste 7a which is an electrode material paste containing aluminum, is applied to the shape of the back aluminum electrode 7 on the back surface side of the semiconductor substrate 11 by screen printing, and further a silver (Ag) paste which is an electrode material paste containing silver ( (Not shown) is applied to the shape of the back silver electrode 8 by screen printing and dried (step S50, FIG. 2-5).
- a silver (Ag) paste 21a which is an electrode material paste containing aluminum, is applied to the light receiving surface side of the semiconductor substrate 11 by gravure printing and dried (step S60, FIG. 2-5).
- a silver (Ag) paste 21a which is an electrode material paste containing aluminum, is applied to the light receiving surface side of the semiconductor substrate 11 by gravure printing and dried (step S60, FIG. 2-5).
- the silver paste portion for forming the surface silver grid electrode 5 is shown in the silver paste 21a.
- the silver paste 21a is applied by gravure printing excellent in thinning so as to minimize the use of silver (Ag) as much as possible. Therefore, the shape in which the silver paste 21a is applied is smaller in both width and height than the final electrode shape.
- the electrode pastes on the light-receiving surface side and the back surface side of the semiconductor substrate 11 are simultaneously fired, for example, with a firing profile of several minutes to several tens of minutes where the peak temperature for several seconds becomes 700 ° C. to 900 ° C. (step S70, FIG. 2). -6).
- the aluminum paste 7a and the silver paste are baked to form the back aluminum electrode 7 and the back silver electrode 8.
- aluminum is diffused as an impurity from the aluminum paste 7 a to the back side of the semiconductor substrate 11 during firing, and a p + layer 9 containing aluminum as an impurity at a higher concentration than the semiconductor substrate 2 is formed immediately below the back aluminum electrode 7.
- the silver paste 21 a becomes a silver paste electrode layer 21 that can melt and penetrate the antireflection film 4 during firing and can make electrical contact with the n-type impurity diffusion layer 3.
- a fire-through method As the metal paste used as the electrode, a thick film paste composition obtained by dispersing metal powder and glass powder as main components in an organic vehicle is used. The glass powder contained in the metal paste reacts and adheres to the silicon surface (the surface on the light receiving surface side of the semiconductor substrate 11), so that electrical contact and mechanical contact between the n-type impurity diffusion layer 3 and the surface silver grid electrode are achieved. Adhesive strength is maintained.
- the portion of the surface silver grid electrode 5 in the silver paste electrode layer 21 formed here is narrower and lower in height than the surface silver grid electrode formed only by conventional screen printing.
- the lower limit (lower limit of thinning) of the surface silver grid electrode by screen printing is about 50 ⁇ m and the maximum height is about 20 ⁇ m in a general surface electrode paste.
- screen printing there is a trace of a metal mesh, and there is a tendency that the unevenness is repeated at regular intervals in the length direction. In this case, the height of the convex portion is expressed.
- the portion of the front silver grid electrode 5 in the silver paste electrode layer 21 is formed with a width of 20 ⁇ m and a height of 5 ⁇ m, for example.
- Ni plating is performed on the silver paste electrode layer 21 by a plating method.
- a nickel (Ni) plating electrode layer 22 is formed covering the silver paste electrode layer 21 (step S80, FIG. 2-7).
- Cu plating is performed on the nickel (Ni) plating electrode layer 22 by a plating method.
- the copper (Cu) plating electrode layer 23 is formed so as to cover the nickel (Ni) plating electrode layer 22 (step S90, FIG. 2-8).
- Sn plating is performed on the copper (Cu) plating electrode layer 23 by a plating method.
- the tin (Sn) plating electrode layer 24 is formed so as to cover the copper (Cu) plating electrode layer 23, and the light receiving surface side electrode 12, that is, the front silver grid electrode 5 and the front silver bus electrode 6 are formed ( Step S100, FIG. 2-9).
- the copper (Cu) plating electrode layer 23 is an alternative electrode for the silver paste electrode.
- the copper (Cu) plating electrode layer 23 is formed with a film thickness of, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the nickel (Ni) plating electrode layer 22 is made of a metal material different from that of the silver paste electrode layer 21 and the copper (Cu) plating electrode layer 23 and enhances the adhesion strength between the silver paste electrode layer 21 and the copper (Cu) plating electrode layer 23. It plays a role of a protective film for carrying out electrical conduction and preventing Cu diffusion and the like.
- the tin (Sn) plating electrode layer 24 is made of a metal material different from that of the copper (Cu) plating electrode layer 23 and serves as a protective film for the copper (Cu) plating electrode layer 23.
- the nickel (Ni) plating electrode layer 22 and the tin (Sn) plating electrode layer 24 are each formed with a film thickness of 2 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m.
- the plating is isotropically formed on the silver paste electrode layer 21 or the lower metal layer. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1-4, the width of the copper (Cu) plating electrode layer 23 formed on the side surface of the silver paste electrode layer 21 in the surface direction of the semiconductor substrate 11 and the surface of the silver paste electrode layer 21
- the thickness (film thickness) of the copper (Cu) plating electrode layer 23 is the same, and is represented as the width (film thickness) c of the Cu electrode layer.
- the width a of the silver paste electrode layer and the thickness b of the silver paste electrode layer are used, the width of the surface silver grid electrode 5 is approximately a + c ⁇ 2, and the thickness of the surface silver grid electrode 5 is b + c.
- the thickness b of the silver paste electrode layer is the thickness of the bottom of the silver paste electrode layer 21 with the upper surface formed after firing from the middle portion in the height direction of the texture irregularities.
- the (film thickness) is the same, and is represented as the width (film thickness) d of the nickel (Ni) plating electrode layer 22.
- the thickness (film thickness) of 24 is the same and is represented by the width (film thickness) e of the tin (Sn) plating electrode layer.
- the strict width of the surface silver grid electrode 5 is a + d ⁇ 2 + c ⁇ 2 + d ⁇ 2
- the strict thickness of the surface silver grid electrode 5 is b + d + c + e.
- the volume of the copper (Cu) plating electrode layer 23 is, for example, three times or more the volume of the silver paste electrode layer 21.
- the fill factor (FF) is reduced even when the volume (cross-sectional area) of the silver paste electrode layer 21 is small. It becomes easy to ensure conductivity by securing a cross-sectional area necessary for suppressing (decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency).
- the silver paste electrode layer 21 is plated, a multilayer film in which the Ni plating film, the Cu plating film, and the Sn plating film having the same thickness are stacked in this order is formed.
- the solar cell 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-1 to 1-4 is completed.
- the copper (Cu) plating film in the present embodiment replaces the silver (Ag) paste electrode.
- the electrical resistivity of the silver paste electrode is 1.62 ⁇ cm (20 ° C.)
- the electrical resistivity of the copper (Cu) plating film is 1.69 ⁇ cm (20 ° C.).
- the design of the width and cross-sectional area of the surface silver grid electrode 5 in the case of using a copper (Cu) plating film is the same as that of the silver paste electrode. Therefore, the relationship between the width and cross-sectional area of the surface silver grid electrode derived using the silver (Ag) paste electrode can be applied to the thinning method of the surface silver grid electrode 5 in the first embodiment as it is.
- FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the front silver grid electrode and the fill factor (FF). That is, FIG. 4 shows the dependence of the fill factor (FF) on the cross-sectional area of the front silver grid electrode.
- the front silver grid electrode is a front silver grid electrode (silver paste electrode) formed by applying silver paste by screen printing. In each solar cell, conditions other than the cross-sectional area of the front silver grid electrode were the same.
- the fill factor (FF) decreases as the cross-sectional area of the front silver grid electrode decreases. This is because the electrical resistance of the surface silver grid electrode increases when the cross-sectional area of the surface silver grid electrode is reduced. Then, from the result of the examination of FIG. 4, the cross-sectional area of the front silver grid electrode 300 [mu] m 2 or less from the 500 [mu] m 2, once it has cooled down to 250 [mu] m 2, the fill factor (FF) of 0.01 or more, reduction of 1% or more in relative ratio It is found that the fill factor (FF) is further reduced by 0.01 or more when the value is further reduced to 200 ⁇ m 2 or less. Therefore, from the viewpoint of practicality, the cross-sectional area of the surface silver grid electrode is preferably 300 ⁇ m 2 or more, and more preferably 500 ⁇ m 2 or more.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the surface silver grid electrode width and the fill factor (FF) in a solar cell in which the cross-sectional area of the surface silver grid electrode is approximately 500 ⁇ m 2 . That is, FIG. 5 shows the dependence of the fill factor (FF) on the surface silver grid electrode width.
- FF fill factor
- a plurality of solar cells are produced by changing the width and height of the front silver grid electrode so that the cross-sectional area of the front silver grid electrode is approximately 500 ⁇ m 2 , and the fill factor ( FF) was measured.
- the front silver grid electrode is a front silver grid electrode (silver paste electrode) formed by applying silver paste by screen printing. In each solar cell, conditions other than the width and height of the front silver grid electrode were the same.
- the fill factor (FF) decreases as the width of the front silver grid electrode is reduced. This is because when the width of the front silver grid electrode is reduced, the contact area between the front silver grid electrode and the silicon substrate is reduced.
- the cross-sectional area of the surface silver grid electrode is about 500 ⁇ m 2
- the reduction of the fill factor (FF) when the width of the surface silver grid electrode is thinned from 100 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m is 0. It can be seen that the relative ratio is less than 1%.
- the electrode width should be set in consideration of the cross-sectional area of the surface silver grid electrode. It is necessary to set.
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the front silver grid electrode and the width of the front silver grid electrode depending on the formation method.
- the silver paste electrode is formed by screen printing as the surface silver grid electrode (Comparative Example 1)
- when only one silver paste electrode is formed by gravure printing (Comparative Example 2)
- the first embodiment described above when a Ni / Cu / Sn plating film is formed on a single layer of a silver paste electrode by gravure printing according to the method of (1), a plurality of solar cells are prepared, and a cross-sectional area of a predetermined surface silver grid electrode The possible range of thinning of the surface silver grid electrode was investigated.
- FIG. 6 shows the electrode width and cross-sectional area after plating.
- the thickness of the silver paste electrode by gravure printing is 5 ⁇ m.
- Gravure printing (Comparative Example 2) has the most possibility of thinning the surface silver grid electrode.
- the cross-sectional area becomes small.
- it is necessary to increase the width for this reason, for example, even when a slightly smaller cross-sectional area of about 300 ⁇ m 2 is considered, it is difficult to realize an electrode width of less than 60 ⁇ m.
- screen printing (Comparative Example 1), it is difficult to achieve 50 ⁇ m in the finished electrode width even when the cross-sectional area is reduced with a silver paste having a viscosity specification considering current mass production. .
- the surface silver grid electrode having a width of less than 60 ⁇ m, more specifically less than about 50 ⁇ m, is 300 ⁇ m.
- a cross-sectional area of 2 or more and about 750 ⁇ m 2 can be realized.
- a silver paste electrode that forms the basis of the surface silver grid electrode is formed by gravure printing, which can be thinned by forming only one layer but cannot have a large cross-sectional area, and is less expensive than silver (Ag).
- FF fill factor
- this method is more advantageous than the case of using another electrode forming technique alone as shown in FIG. Therefore, from the viewpoint of increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency, it is also possible to apply silver plating on the silver paste electrode by gravure printing.
- the glass powder contained in the metal paste reacts and adheres to the silicon surface (the surface on the light receiving surface side of the semiconductor substrate 11).
- the surface silver grid electrode formed by the method according to the first embodiment has the same performance as the silver paste electrode formed by screen printing in terms of reliability.
- the above is the theory regarding cost reduction and high photoelectric conversion efficiency (thinning) of the surface silver grid electrode in the solar cell manufacturing method according to the first embodiment.
- the contact area between the surface silver grid electrode and the silicon substrate decreases, and the fill factor (FF) decreases as shown in FIG.
- the method of offsetting the fall of the fill factor (FF) resulting from thinning of this surface silver grid electrode was examined.
- the fill factor (FF) for the purpose of improving the fill factor (FF), the number of front silver bus electrodes on the light-receiving surface side electrode was increased, and the dependence on the number of front silver bus electrodes in the solar cell was examined.
- FIG. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the number of front silver bus electrodes and the short-circuit current density (Jsc) of the solar cell module.
- FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the number of front silver bus electrodes and the fill factor (FF) of the solar cell module.
- FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the number of front silver bus electrodes and the maximum output Pmax (W) of the solar cell module.
- the solar cell module is configured by connecting in series 50 solar cells manufactured according to the method for manufacturing a solar cell according to the first embodiment using a 156 mm square p-type single crystal silicon substrate.
- the width of the front silver bus electrode was a single width of 1.5 mm.
- the number of surface silver bus electrodes was set to three conditions of 2, 3, and 4.
- the short-circuit current density (Jsc) monotonously decreases as the number of front silver bus electrodes increases as shown in FIG.
- the fill factor (FF) increases as the number of front silver bus electrodes increases as shown in FIG.
- the maximum output Pmax is a product relationship of the short circuit current density (Jsc) and the fill factor (FF) when the open circuit voltage does not change. In this example, as shown in FIG. 9, it was found that the highest output was obtained when the number of front silver bus electrodes was four.
- FIG. 10 is a top view of the solar battery cell viewed from the light-receiving surface side when the number of front silver bus electrodes is four.
- the width of the front silver bus electrode is preferably 1.5 mm or less.
- the width of the front silver bus electrode is larger than 1.5 mm, the electrical resistance of the front silver bus electrode is reduced and current collection from the grid electrode is facilitated, but the reduction of the light receiving area is increased.
- the tab electrode formed by soldering to the bus electrode needs to have a mechanical strength that does not cause peeling due to handling in the assembly process, and the mechanical strength is maintained. Therefore, the lower limit of the width of the front silver bus electrode is about 0.5 mm.
- the electrode structure that achieves both cost reduction (use of alternative material: Cu) and high photoelectric conversion efficiency (thinning) of the light receiving surface side electrode 12 has been described. It is also necessary to consider the number of Therefore, in the first embodiment, in order to realize thinning and cost reduction where the width of the surface silver grid electrode is less than 50 ⁇ m, after forming a silver paste electrode having a width of, for example, 20 ⁇ m by gravure printing, Cu or the like In order to maximize the effect, the number of surface silver bus electrodes having an electrode width of 1.5 mm or less is increased, and three buses are used instead of two buses, and four more. It was shown that this bus is preferable.
- a silver paste electrode serving as a base of the surface silver grid electrode is formed by gravure printing, and copper (Cu), tin (which is cheaper than nickel (Ni), silver (Ag)) An) is formed on the silver paste electrode by plating to ensure the cross-sectional area necessary to suppress the decrease in fill factor (FF) (decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency) and ensure the conductivity of the electrode.
- FF fill factor
- the cost reduction of a photovoltaic cell is implement
- the surface silver grid electrode is formed by reacting and fixing the glass powder contained in the metal paste (silver paste) with the silicon surface (the light receiving surface side surface of the semiconductor substrate 11). Electrical contact and mechanical bond strength between the mold impurity diffusion layer 3 and the surface silver grid electrode are ensured. Therefore, the surface silver grid electrode has the same performance as the silver paste electrode formed by screen printing in terms of reliability.
- the front silver grid electrode has been described, but the same effect can be obtained with the front silver bus electrode.
- Embodiment 2 a case where a dispenser is used will be described.
- the silver paste 21a is applied using a dispenser instead of gravure printing in the method described in the first embodiment, and the surface silver grid electrode 5 is thinned.
- the width of the front silver grid electrode 5 can be controlled by controlling the printing width of the silver paste 21a by the diameter of the nozzle of the dispenser.
- the discharge amount for obtaining a necessary cross-sectional area is increased using a conventional silver paste, the silver paste spreads due to the low viscosity of the silver paste, and an electrode with a high aspect ratio cannot be formed.
- a silver paste having a UV curing function is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-216827.
- the inventor of this document indicates that an electrode having a high aspect ratio of 1 to 3 can be formed by using a silver paste with a UV curing function in a dispenser.
- the silver paste with a UV curing function becomes expensive due to the imparting of the UV curing function, and is not distributed so much that it is mass-produced, so that it is a more expensive electrode material.
- the cost becomes high.
- the silver paste electrode layer 21 requires only a minimum thickness.
- a normal Ag paste not imparting a UV curing function is applied to a dispenser, when a width of 20 ⁇ m is realized, the thickness is about 5 ⁇ m, which is the same shape as a single layer formation of a normal Ag paste by gravure printing.
- the solar cell module excellent in the property and photoelectric conversion efficiency can be realized.
- one light receiving surface side electrode 12 and the other back surface side electrode 13 of adjacent solar cells may be electrically connected.
- the solar cell according to the present invention is useful for realizing a solar cell that achieves both low cost and high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- 1 solar cell 2 semiconductor substrate, 3 n-type impurity diffusion layer, 3a minute unevenness, 4 antireflection film, 5 surface silver grid electrode, 6 surface silver bus electrode, 7 back aluminum electrode, 7a aluminum paste, 8 back silver electrode , 9 p + layer (BSF (Back Surface Field)), 11 semiconductor substrate, 11a p-type polycrystalline silicon substrate, 12 light receiving surface side electrode, 13 back surface side electrode, 21 silver paste electrode layer, 21a silver paste, 22 nickel (Ni ) Plating electrode layer, 23 copper (Cu) electrode layer, 24 tin (Sn) electrode layer.
- BSF Back Surface Field
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Abstract
Description
図1-1~図1-4は、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる太陽電池セル1の構成を説明するための図であり、図1-1は、受光面側から見た太陽電池セル1の上面図、図1-2は、受光面と反対側(裏面側)から見た太陽電池セル1の下面図、図1-3は、太陽電池セル1の要部断面図である。図1-3は、図1-1のA-A方向における要部断面図である。図1-4は、図1-3における受光面側電極の表銀グリッド電極近傍を拡大して示す要部断面図である。
実施の形態2ではディスペンサーを用いる場合について説明する。実施の形態2では、実施の形態1で説明した方法において、グラビア印刷の代わりにディスペンサーを用いて銀ペースト21aを塗布し、表銀グリッド電極5の細線化を図る。この場合は、基本的にはディスペンサーのノズルの径により銀ペースト21aの印刷幅を制御して、表銀グリッド電極5の幅を制御できる。ただし、従来の銀ペーストを用いて必要な断面積を得るための吐出量を増やすと、銀ペースト粘度が低いため銀ペーストの広がりが生じ、高アスペクト比の電極形成ができない。
Claims (15)
- 受光面側である一面側に第2導電型の不純物元素が拡散された不純物拡散層を有する第1導電型の半導体基板と、
グリッド電極と前記グリッド電極に導通して前記グリッド電極よりも幅広のバス電極とからなり、前記一面側に形成されて前記不純物拡散層に電気的に接続する受光面側電極と、
前記半導体基板の前記一面側と反対側の裏面に形成されて前記不純物拡散層に電気的に接続する裏面側電極と、
を備える太陽電池セルであって、
前記受光面側電極は、前記半導体基板の一面側に直接接合した金属ペースト電極層である第1金属電極層と、前記第1金属電極層と異なるとともに前記第1金属電極層と略同等の電気抵抗率を有する金属材料からなり前記第1金属電極層上を覆って形成されためっき電極層である第2金属電極層とを備えてなり、
前記グリッド電極の断面積が300μm2以上であり、前記グリッド電極の電極幅が60μm以下であること、
を特徴とする太陽電池セル。 - 前記第1金属電極層が、銀ペースト電極層であり、
前記第2金属電極層が、銅めっき電極層であること、
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽電池セル。 - 前記第2金属電極層の体積が、前記第1金属電極層の3倍以上であること、
を特徴とする請求項2に記載の太陽電池セル。 - 前記第1金属電極層および前記第2金属電極層と異なるとともに前記第1金属電極層と前記第2金属電極層との間の付着強度強化を高める金属材料からなるめっき電極層である第3金属電極層を前記第1金属電極層と前記第2金属電極層との間に有し、
前記第2金属電極層と異なるとともに前記第2金属電極層を保護する金属材料からなるめっき電極層である第4金属電極層を前記第2金属電極層上に有すること、
を特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の太陽電池セル。 - 前記第3金属電極層が、ニッケルめっき層であり、
前記第4金属電極層が、錫めっき層であること、
を特徴とする請求項4に記載の太陽電池セル。 - 前記バス電極の電極幅が1.5mm以下であり、
前記バス電極の本数が3本以上であること、
を特徴とする請求項5に記載の太陽電池セル。 - 第1導電型の半導体基板の受光面側となる一面側に第2導電型の不純物元素を拡散して前記半導体基板の一面側に不純物拡散層を形成する第1工程と、
前記不純物拡散層に電気的に接続する受光面側電極を前記半導体基板の一面側に形成する第2工程と、
前記半導体基板の他面側に電気的に接続する裏面側電極を前記半導体基板の他面側に形成する第3工程と、
を含み、
前記第2工程における前記受光面側電極の形成では、
前記半導体基板の一面側にオフセット印刷またはディスペンサーにより金属ペーストを塗布、焼成することにより前記半導体基板の一面側に直接接合した金属ペースト電極層である第1金属電極層を形成する工程と、
前記第1金属電極層の表面上を覆って、めっきにより、前記第1金属電極層と異なるとともに前記第1金属電極層と略同等の電気抵抗率を有する金属材料からなるめっき電極層である第2金属電極層をめっきにより形成する工程と、
を含むことを特徴とする太陽電池セルの製造方法。 - 前記第1金属電極層が、銀ペースト電極層であり、
前記第2金属電極層が、銅めっき電極層であること、
を特徴とする請求項7に記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。 - 前記第2金属電極層の体積が、前記第1金属電極層の3倍以上であること、
を特徴とする請求項8に記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。 - 前記第2工程は、
前記第1金属電極層および前記第2金属電極層と異なるとともに前記第1金属電極層と前記第2金属電極層との間の付着強度強化を高める金属材料からなるめっき電極層である第3金属電極層をめっきにより前記第1金属電極層と前記第2金属電極層との間に形成する工程と、
前記第2金属電極層と異なるとともに前記第2金属電極層を保護する金属材料からなるめっき電極層である第4金属電極層をめっきにより前記第2金属電極層上に形成する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする請求項7~9のいずれか1つに記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。 - 前記第3金属電極層が、ニッケルめっき層であり、
前記第4金属電極層が、錫めっき層であること、
を特徴とする請求項10に記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。 - 前記受光面側電極がグリッド電極と前記グリッド電極に導通して前記グリッド電極よりも幅広のバス電極とからなり、
前記第1金属電極層、前記第2金属電極層、前記第3金属電極層および前記第4金属電極層の形成後の前記グリッド電極の断面積が300μm2以上であり、前記グリッド電極の電極幅が60μm以下であること、
を特徴とする請求項11に記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。 - 前記第1金属電極層、前記第2金属電極層、前記第3金属電極層および前記第4金属電極層の形成後の前記バス電極の電極幅が1.5mm以下であり、
前記バス電極の本数が3本以上であること、
を特徴とする請求項12に記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。 - 前記第1工程と前記第2工程との間に、前記不純物拡散層上の全面に絶縁膜からなる反射防止膜を形成する工程を有し、
前記第2工程では、前記反射防止膜上に前記金属ペーストを塗布、焼成することにより前記第1金属電極層がファイヤースルー法により形成されること、
を特徴とする請求項7~13のいずれか1つに記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1つに記載の太陽電池セルの少なくとも2つ以上が電気的に直列または並列に接続されてなること、
を特徴とする太陽電池モジュール。
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020157035465A KR101719949B1 (ko) | 2013-05-28 | 2013-05-28 | 태양전지 셀 및 그 제조 방법, 태양전지 모듈 |
| CN201380076925.8A CN105247686B (zh) | 2013-05-28 | 2013-05-28 | 太阳能电池单元及其制造方法、太阳能电池模块 |
| PCT/JP2013/064803 WO2014192083A1 (ja) | 2013-05-28 | 2013-05-28 | 太陽電池セルおよびその製造方法、太陽電池モジュール |
| US14/893,776 US20160126375A1 (en) | 2013-05-28 | 2013-05-28 | Solar cell, method for manufacturing the same, and solar cell module |
| JP2015519529A JP5989243B2 (ja) | 2013-05-28 | 2013-05-28 | 太陽電池セルおよびその製造方法、太陽電池モジュール |
| TW102139025A TWI545787B (zh) | 2013-05-28 | 2013-10-29 | A solar cell, a method for manufacturing the same, and a solar cell module |
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| PCT/JP2013/064803 WO2014192083A1 (ja) | 2013-05-28 | 2013-05-28 | 太陽電池セルおよびその製造方法、太陽電池モジュール |
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| JP (1) | JP5989243B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101719949B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN105247686B (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI545787B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2014192083A1 (ja) |
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| JP2018041753A (ja) * | 2016-09-05 | 2018-03-15 | 長州産業株式会社 | 光発電素子及びその製造方法 |
| JP2019149411A (ja) * | 2018-02-26 | 2019-09-05 | 株式会社図研 | プリント基板の製造方法、データ生成方法およびコンピュータプログラム |
| CN114551611A (zh) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-05-27 | 浙江爱旭太阳能科技有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池的栅线结构、组件及发电系统 |
| CN115881573A (zh) * | 2023-01-20 | 2023-03-31 | 通威太阳能(成都)有限公司 | 太阳能电池片表面线路形貌的检测方法 |
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| KR101534941B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-07-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 도전성 전극패턴의 형성방법 및 이를 포함하는 태양전지의 제조방법 |
| JP1546719S (ja) * | 2015-08-19 | 2019-03-18 | ||
| JP1546718S (ja) * | 2015-08-19 | 2019-03-18 | ||
| JP2017050520A (ja) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-09 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
| CN105336817B (zh) * | 2015-11-12 | 2017-03-15 | 江苏东昇光伏科技有限公司 | 一种晶体硅太阳能电池片串及其制备方法 |
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| CN112825335B (zh) * | 2019-11-21 | 2022-11-15 | 重庆神华薄膜太阳能科技有限公司 | 铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳能电池组件引流条贴合的方法 |
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- 2013-05-28 CN CN201380076925.8A patent/CN105247686B/zh active Active
- 2013-05-28 US US14/893,776 patent/US20160126375A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-05-28 KR KR1020157035465A patent/KR101719949B1/ko active Active
- 2013-05-28 JP JP2015519529A patent/JP5989243B2/ja active Active
- 2013-10-29 TW TW102139025A patent/TWI545787B/zh active
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| JP2012005988A (ja) * | 2010-06-28 | 2012-01-12 | Dainippon Screen Mfg Co Ltd | パターン形成方法およびパターン形成装置 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2016210188A1 (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2016-12-29 | Sunpower Corporation | Multi-layer barrier for metallization |
| JP2018041753A (ja) * | 2016-09-05 | 2018-03-15 | 長州産業株式会社 | 光発電素子及びその製造方法 |
| JP2019149411A (ja) * | 2018-02-26 | 2019-09-05 | 株式会社図研 | プリント基板の製造方法、データ生成方法およびコンピュータプログラム |
| JP7061477B2 (ja) | 2018-02-26 | 2022-04-28 | 株式会社図研 | プリント基板の製造方法、データ生成方法およびコンピュータプログラム |
| CN114551611A (zh) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-05-27 | 浙江爱旭太阳能科技有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池的栅线结构、组件及发电系统 |
| CN114551611B (zh) * | 2022-03-11 | 2024-05-31 | 广东爱旭科技有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池的栅线结构、组件及发电系统 |
| CN115881573A (zh) * | 2023-01-20 | 2023-03-31 | 通威太阳能(成都)有限公司 | 太阳能电池片表面线路形貌的检测方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2014192083A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
| KR101719949B1 (ko) | 2017-03-24 |
| TW201445753A (zh) | 2014-12-01 |
| CN105247686A (zh) | 2016-01-13 |
| KR20160010536A (ko) | 2016-01-27 |
| US20160126375A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
| CN105247686B (zh) | 2017-11-14 |
| JP5989243B2 (ja) | 2016-09-07 |
| TWI545787B (zh) | 2016-08-11 |
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