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WO2014189526A1 - Turbine de turbocompresseur - Google Patents

Turbine de turbocompresseur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014189526A1
WO2014189526A1 PCT/US2013/042747 US2013042747W WO2014189526A1 WO 2014189526 A1 WO2014189526 A1 WO 2014189526A1 US 2013042747 W US2013042747 W US 2013042747W WO 2014189526 A1 WO2014189526 A1 WO 2014189526A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve element
inlet
turbine
turbine housing
recess
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2013/042747
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ryan VOJTECH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Engine Intellectual Property Co LLC
Original Assignee
International Engine Intellectual Property Co LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Engine Intellectual Property Co LLC filed Critical International Engine Intellectual Property Co LLC
Priority to PCT/US2013/042747 priority Critical patent/WO2014189526A1/fr
Publication of WO2014189526A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014189526A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/02—Gas passages between engine outlet and pump drive, e.g. reservoirs
    • F02B37/025—Multiple scrolls or multiple gas passages guiding the gas to the pump drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/141—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/22—Control of the pumps by varying cross-section of exhaust passages or air passages, e.g. by throttling turbine inlets or outlets or by varying effective number of guide conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an internal combustion (IC) engine turbocharger, particularly to a turbine of the turbocharger.
  • IC internal combustion
  • An IC engine turbocharger comprises a turbine operated by engine exhaust gas (working fluid) flowing through an engine exhaust system and a compressor operated by the turbine to compress intake air and thereby create increased mass flow of air into engine cylinders in comparison to mass flow which would be induced by natural aspiration as engine pistons downstroke within engine cylinders.
  • Increased mass of air in each engine cylinder supports combustion of an increased quantity of fuel in the engine cylinder and consequently allows an engine to produce increased power.
  • Turbo lag is a known phenomenon which is characterized by the inability of a turbocharger to instantaneously increase the mass flow of air into engine cylinders in response to a demand for increased engine power.
  • turbocharger for a particular engine depends on various factors including as examples, the engine's size, how the engine will be used, how much maximum power the engine needs to produce, how much in-cylinder pressure the engine can withstand, etc.
  • tailpipe emissions can be a factor, such as when exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is employed as part of an emissions control strategy.
  • EGR exhaust gas recirculation
  • turbochargers include wastegate turbochargers and variable geometry turbochargers. Such turbochargers may have either a single stage or two stages.
  • a turbine stage typically comprises a turbine housing having an inlet through which exhaust gas enters and a scroll which conveys exhaust gas to an inner chamber within which a turbine wheel is disposed.
  • a shaft to which the turbine wheel is affixed is supported for rotation on the housing. Exhaust gas which has passed through the scroll acts on the turbine wheel to spin it and the shaft.
  • the shaft is common to both the turbine and a compressor which is operated by the turbine.
  • the compressor comprises a compressor housing on which the shaft is also supported for rotation.
  • a compressor wheel is affixed to the shaft within an interior of the compressor housing so that as the shaft is spun by exhaust gas acting on the turbine wheel, the compressor wheel is also spun to produce increased mass flow into engine cylinders.
  • Scroll geometry such as its A/R ratio
  • An engine which has a wide operating range and which is subject to transient operation within that range as is typically the case when a turbocharged IC engine is used to propel a motor vehicle, imposes rather strict constraints on turbocharger selection.
  • turbocharger selection may have to compromise turbocharger performance at one portion of an engine's operating range in order to better satisfy turbocharger performance at a different portion of an engine's operating range.
  • a turbine comprises a turbine housing comprising an inner chamber, a turbine wheel disposed within the inner chamber, and a shaft which is supported on the turbine housing for rotation about an axis and to which the turbine wheel is affixed for rotation with the shaft about the axis.
  • the turbine housing further comprises an inlet through which working fluid enters the turbine housing, at least one scroll for conveying working fluid which has entered the inlet to the inner chamber to enable working fluid to spin the turbine wheel and the shaft about the axis as working fluid passes through the inner chamber, and an outlet through which working fluid leaves the turbine housing after having passed through the inner chamber.
  • At least one valve element is selectively positionable on the turbine housing for selectively controlling flow through the inlet and at least one actuator is operable to selectively position the at least one valve element on the turbine housing.
  • the turbine may be used in a turbocharger of a turbocharged internal combustion which comprises engine cylinders within which combustion occurs to operate the engine, an intake system through which air which has passed through the intake system enters the engine cylinders to support combustion, and an exhaust system through which exhaust gas resulting from combustion passes after leaving the engine cylinders.
  • the turbocharger comprises a turbine operated by exhaust gas passing through the exhaust system and a compressor operated by the turbine for increasing pressure of air passing through the intake system toward the engine cylinders.
  • the compressor comprises a compressor housing and a compressor wheel disposed within the compressor housing.
  • the turbine comprises a turbine housing having an inner chamber and a turbine wheel disposed within the inner chamber.
  • a shaft is supported on the turbine housing and the compressor housing for rotation about an axis, and the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel are both affixed to the shaft.
  • the turbine housing further has an inlet through which exhaust gas enters the turbine housing, at least one scroll for conveying exhaust gas which has entered the inlet to the inner chamber to enable exhaust gas to spin the turbine wheel and the shaft about the axis as exhaust gas passes through the inner chamber, and an outlet through which exhaust gas leaves the turbine housing after having passed through the inner chamber;
  • At least one valve element is selectively positionable on the turbine housing for selectively controlling flow through the inlet and at least one actuator is operable to selectively position the at least one valve element on the turbine housing.
  • An engine control system controls operation of the at least one actuator.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a turbocharged internal combustion engine.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a turbocharger of the engine.
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view in the direction of arrow 3 in Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a cross section view in the direction of arrows 4- 4 in Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a cross section view showing internal detail.
  • Figure 6 is a cross section view like Figure 5, but showing a different condition of operation.
  • Figure 1 shows an internal combustion engine 10, a diesel engine for example, which may be used as the powerplant of a motor vehicle such as a truck (not shown in the drawing) for propelling the motor vehicle.
  • Engine 10 comprises structure defining engine cylinders 12 within which fuel combusts to operate pistons (not shown) which reciprocate within engine cylinders 12 and are coupled by connecting rods (not shown) to a crankshaft (also not shown) through which engine 10 delivers torque to power a load.
  • Engine 10 further comprises an intake system 14 through which fresh air enters engine cylinders 12 to support
  • a turbocharger 20 comprises a turbine 22 operated by
  • Turbocharger 20 is an example of a single-stage
  • turbocharger and it should be understood that certain detail of turbocharger 20 and certain components which may be associated with turbocharger 20 in intake system 14 and/or exhaust system 18 are not specifically shown in Figure 1.
  • EGR path containing an EGR cooler 26 and an EGR valve 28 for recirculating exhaust gas from exhaust system 18 to intake system 14.
  • Engine 10 further comprises an engine control system
  • ECU electronic engine control unit
  • FIG. 2 shows more detail of turbocharger 20.
  • Compressor 24 comprises a compressor housing 32 and a compressor wheel 34 disposed within compressor housing 32.
  • Turbine 22 comprises a turbine housing 36 having an inner chamber 38 and a turbine wheel 40 disposed within inner chamber 38.
  • a shaft 42 is supported on both turbine housing 36 and
  • compressor housing 32 for rotation about an axis 44.
  • Compressor wheel 34 and turbine wheel 40 are both affixed to shaft 42.
  • Turbine housing 36 has an inlet 48 through which exhaust gas enters turbine housing 36 and an outlet 50 through which exhaust gas leaves turbine housing 36.
  • Compressor housing 32 has an inlet 52 through which fresh intake air enters compressor housing 32 and an outlet 53 through which compressed fresh air leaves compressor housing 32.
  • FIG. 3 shows further detail of turbine 22.
  • Turbine housing 36 comprises a wall 54 ( Figures 3 and 4) having a first opening 56 and a second opening 58 forming inlet 48. Openings 56, 58 are arranged laterally side-by-side, and each has the same rectangular shape. Turbine housing 36 further comprises a scroll structure 60 ( Figures 2, 5, and 6) for conveying exhaust gas which has entered inlet 48 through openings 56, 58 to inner chamber 38. As exhaust gas passes through inner chamber 38, the exhaust gas spins turbine wheel 40 and shaft 42 about axis 44, thereby spinning compressor wheel 34 to operate compressor 24. After having passed through inner chamber 38, exhaust gas leaves turbine housing 36 through outlet 50.
  • a first valve element 62 and a second valve element 64 are associated with openings 56, 58 respectively.
  • Each valve element 62, 64 is selectively positionable on turbine housing 36 for selectively controlling flow through inlet 48 by selectively controlling flow through the respective opening 56, 58.
  • a first hinge 66 mounts first valve element 62 for swinging about an axis 68 of first hinge 66 which is laterally adjacent a first side of inlet 48 over an angular range of swinging, as suggested by arrow 70, between a position at which first valve element 62 maximally occludes opening 56 as shown by the solid line position in Figure 4 and a position at which first valve element 62 does not occlude opening 56 as shown by the broken line position, and a second hinge 72 which mounts second valve element 64 for swinging about an axis 74 of second hinge 72 which is laterally adjacent a second side of inlet 48 laterally opposite the first side of inlet 48 over an angular range of swinging, as suggested by arrow 76, between a position at which second valve element 64 maximally occludes opening 58 as shown by the solid line position in Figure 4 and a position at which second valve element 64 does not occlude opening 58 as shown by the broken line position in Figure 4.
  • Turbine housing 36 comprises a first recess 78 which is interior of inlet 48 and within which first valve element 62 is received when first valve element 62 does not occlude opening 56 and a second recess 80 which is interior of inlet 48 and within which second valve element 64 is received when second valve element 64 does not occlude opening 58.
  • First valve element 62 comprises a face 82 which is flush with a surface 84 of turbine housing 36 surrounding first recess 78 when first valve element 62 is received within first recess 78
  • second valve element 64 comprises a face 86 which is flush with a surface 88 of turbine housing 36 surrounding second recess 80 when second valve element 64 is received within second recess 80.
  • Face 82 fits with conformity to first opening 56 to at least substantially close first opening 56 when first valve element 62 is maximally occluding first opening 56
  • face 86 fits with conformity to second opening 58 to at least substantially close second opening 58 when second valve element 64 is maximally occluding second opening 58.
  • Scroll structure 60 comprises a divider wall 90 separating a first scroll 92 for conveying exhaust gas from inlet 48 to inner chamber 38 and a second scroll 94 for conveying exhaust gas from inlet 48 to inner chamber 38. Opening 56 is in alignment with an entrance to first scroll 92, and opening 58 is in alignment with an entrance to second scroll 94. Scrolls 92, 94 remain separated from each other throughout their lengths so that flow entering first opening 56 is conveyed to inner chamber 38 entirely through first scroll 92 and flow entering second opening 58 is conveyed to inner chamber 38 entirely through second scroll 94. [0042] Each valve element 62, 64 is independently controlled by
  • ECU 30 via a respective actuator, namely a first actuator 96 and a second actuator 98, so that the position of one valve element doesn't necessarily have to correspond to that of the other.
  • Figure 5 shows a condition where air flows through both scrolls 92, 94 because valve elements 62, 64 are not occluding openings 56, 58 while Figure 6 shows a condition where air flows only through second scroll 94 because valve element 62 is substantially closing first opening 56.
  • Figure 3 shows an example of operative couplings of
  • First actuator 96 has a coupling with a portion of first hinge 66 attached to first valve element 62 for turning first valve element 62 about first hinge axis 68.
  • Second actuator 98 has a coupling with a portion of second hinge 72 attached to second valve element 64 for turning second valve element 64 about second hinge axis 74.
  • valve elements 62, 64 can be useful in mitigating turbo lag.
  • the ability to control flow to inner chamber 38 by controlling opening and closing of valve elements 62, 64 controls the turbine A/R ratio.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une turbine qui a un carter de turbine ayant une entrée à travers laquelle un fluide de travail entre dans le carter de turbine, au moins une volute pour transporter le fluide de travail qui est entré par l'entrée vers une chambre interne pour permettre au fluide de travail de faire tourner une roue de turbine et un arbre lorsque le fluide de travail traverse la chambre interne, et une sortie à travers laquelle le fluide de travail quitte le carter de turbine après avoir traversé la chambre interne. Au moins un élément de soupape est apte à être positionné sélectivement sur le carter de turbine pour réguler sélectivement un écoulement à travers l'entrée, et au moins un actionneur est apte à fonctionner pour positionner sélectivement le au moins un élément de soupape sur le carter de turbine.
PCT/US2013/042747 2013-05-24 2013-05-24 Turbine de turbocompresseur Ceased WO2014189526A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2013/042747 WO2014189526A1 (fr) 2013-05-24 2013-05-24 Turbine de turbocompresseur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2013/042747 WO2014189526A1 (fr) 2013-05-24 2013-05-24 Turbine de turbocompresseur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014189526A1 true WO2014189526A1 (fr) 2014-11-27

Family

ID=51933917

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2013/042747 Ceased WO2014189526A1 (fr) 2013-05-24 2013-05-24 Turbine de turbocompresseur

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2014189526A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4719757A (en) * 1984-03-15 1988-01-19 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogya Kabushiki Kaisha Variable-volume turbocharger
US4893698A (en) * 1987-07-04 1990-01-16 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd. Exhaust brake unit equipped with a pair of swing flap valves
US7523736B2 (en) * 2005-12-20 2009-04-28 MAN Nutzfahrzeuge Österreich AG Device for increasing the braking power of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine of a vehicle during an engine braking operation
US20110296835A1 (en) * 2009-02-27 2011-12-08 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Variable capacity exhaust gas turbocharger

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4719757A (en) * 1984-03-15 1988-01-19 Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogya Kabushiki Kaisha Variable-volume turbocharger
US4893698A (en) * 1987-07-04 1990-01-16 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd. Exhaust brake unit equipped with a pair of swing flap valves
US7523736B2 (en) * 2005-12-20 2009-04-28 MAN Nutzfahrzeuge Österreich AG Device for increasing the braking power of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine of a vehicle during an engine braking operation
US20110296835A1 (en) * 2009-02-27 2011-12-08 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Variable capacity exhaust gas turbocharger

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