WO2014189079A1 - スパークプラグ - Google Patents
スパークプラグ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014189079A1 WO2014189079A1 PCT/JP2014/063470 JP2014063470W WO2014189079A1 WO 2014189079 A1 WO2014189079 A1 WO 2014189079A1 JP 2014063470 W JP2014063470 W JP 2014063470W WO 2014189079 A1 WO2014189079 A1 WO 2014189079A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ground electrode
- spark plug
- gap
- electrode
- noble metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/46—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps
- H01T13/467—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps in parallel connection
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spark plug.
- spark plugs have been used in internal combustion engines.
- a configuration of the spark plug for example, a configuration including a center electrode and a ground electrode is used.
- the center electrode and the ground electrode form a gap for generating a spark.
- the durability of the spark plug can be improved, various problems can be suppressed. For example, the maintenance labor of the internal combustion engine can be reduced.
- the durability of the spark plug can be influenced by various factors. For example, when the internal combustion engine is operated, the electrode may be easily consumed due to the temperature of the electrode being increased. As the electrode wears out, the spark plug may fail to perform its intended performance (eg, poor ignition).
- the present invention aims to provide a new technique for improving the durability of a spark plug.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and can be realized as the following application examples.
- a central electrode extending in the axial direction; An insulator having an axial hole extending in the axial direction, the center electrode being inserted into the axial hole; A metal shell disposed on the outer periphery of the insulator; A first ground electrode that is electrically connected to the metal shell and forms a first gap with a tip surface of the center electrode; It is electrically connected to the metal shell, joined to the metal shell, extends from the metal shell to a position facing the side surface of the center electrode, and has an annular shape between the side surface of the center electrode and its inner peripheral surface.
- a second ground electrode forming a second gap;
- a spark plug comprising: The ratio of the size of the first gap to the size of the second gap is 0.80 or more and 1.25 or less. Spark plug.
- the spark plug according to application example 1 includes a first nickel portion that is a portion formed of nickel or a nickel alloy, and the nickel content of the first nickel portion is 90% by weight or more,
- the second ground electrode includes a second nickel portion which is a portion formed of nickel or a nickel alloy, and the nickel content of the second nickel portion is 90 wt% or more. Spark plug.
- At least one of the first ground electrode and the second ground electrode includes a surface layer forming a surface of the first ground electrode and a core portion formed inside the surface layer and having a higher thermal conductivity than the surface layer. including, Spark plug.
- the temperature of the first ground electrode is likely to be higher than when the first ground electrode is directly joined to the metal shell, but the thermal conductivity is improved by the core portion. It is possible to suppress wear due to high temperatures.
- the spark plug according to any one of Application Examples 1 to 5 The first ground electrode has a first noble metal portion made of a noble metal or a noble metal alloy at a position where the first gap is formed,
- the second ground electrode has a second noble metal portion made of a noble metal or a noble metal alloy at a position where the second gap is formed, Of the center electrode, at least a first part that forms the first gap with the first noble metal part, and a second part that forms the second gap with the second noble metal part; Is made of noble metal or noble metal alloy, Spark plug.
- the spark plug according to application example 6 The noble metal or noble metal alloy is iridium or an iridium alloy. Spark plug.
- the present invention can be realized in various modes, for example, in a mode such as a spark plug or an internal combustion engine equipped with the spark plug.
- FIG. 1 It is sectional drawing of the spark plug 100 of 1st Example. 1 is a schematic view showing the configuration of electrodes 20, 30, and 90 of a spark plug 100.
- FIG. It is explanatory drawing of creeping discharge. It is the schematic which shows 2nd Example of a spark plug. It is the schematic which shows 3rd Example of a spark plug. It is the schematic which shows 4th Example of a spark plug.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the spark plug 100 of the first embodiment.
- the illustrated line CL indicates the central axis of the spark plug 100.
- the center axis CL is also referred to as “axis line CL”
- the direction parallel to the center axis CL is also referred to as “axis direction”
- the radial direction of the circle centered on the center axis CL is also simply referred to as “radial direction”.
- the circumferential direction of the circle centered on the central axis CL is also referred to as “circumferential direction”.
- a first direction D1 and a second direction D2 in the drawing are parallel to the axis CL, and the second direction D2 is a direction opposite to the first direction D1.
- the center electrode 20, the first ground electrode 30, and the second ground electrode 90 that form a spark gap form the end of the spark plug 100 on the first direction D1 side. is doing.
- the first direction D1 side is also referred to as “front end side”
- the second direction D2 side is also referred to as “rear end side”.
- the spark plug 100 includes an insulator 10, a center electrode 20, a first ground electrode 30, a second ground electrode 90, a terminal fitting 40, a metal shell 50, a conductive seal 60, a resistor 70, The conductive seal 80, the front end side packing 8, the talc 9 as an example of the buffer material, the first rear end side packing 6, and the second rear end side packing 7 are provided.
- an enlarged view of a cross section of a portion of the center electrode 20, the first ground electrode 30, and the second ground electrode 90 forming gaps g1 and g2 to be described later as seen from another direction is shown. ing.
- the insulator 10 is a substantially cylindrical member having a through hole 12 (axial hole) extending along the central axis CL and penetrating the insulator 10.
- the insulator 10 is formed by firing alumina (other insulating materials can also be used).
- the insulator 10 includes a leg portion 13, a first reduced outer diameter portion 15, a distal end side body portion 17, a flange portion 19, and a second reduced outer diameter portion, which are arranged in order from the front end side to the rear end side. 11 and a rear end side body portion 18.
- the flange portion 19 is a portion located in the approximate center of the insulator 10 in the axial direction, and is the maximum outer diameter portion of the insulator 10.
- a front end side body portion 17 is provided on the front end side of the flange portion 19.
- a first reduced outer diameter portion 15 is provided on the distal end side of the distal end side body portion 17. The outer diameter of the first reduced outer diameter portion 15 gradually decreases from the rear end side toward the front end side.
- a leg portion 13 is provided on the distal end side of the first reduced outer diameter portion 15. With the spark plug 100 attached to an internal combustion engine (not shown), the leg 13 is exposed to the combustion chamber.
- a second reduced outer diameter portion 11 is provided on the rear end side of the flange portion 19.
- the outer diameter of the second reduced outer diameter portion 11 gradually decreases from the front end side toward the rear end side.
- a rear end side body portion 18 is provided on the rear end side of the second reduced outer diameter portion 11.
- a center electrode 20 is inserted on the tip side of the through hole 12 of the insulator 10.
- the center electrode 20 is a rod-shaped member extending along the center axis CL.
- the center electrode 20 includes an electrode base material 21, a core material 22 embedded in the electrode base material 21, a columnar tip 28 that is joined to the tip side of the electrode base material 21 and has a center axis CL as the center, It has.
- the rear end portion of the core material 22 is exposed from the electrode base material 21 and forms the rear end portion of the center electrode 20.
- the other part of the core material 22 is covered with the electrode base material 21. However, the entire core material 22 may be covered with the electrode base material 21.
- the electrode base material 21 is formed using, for example, an alloy containing nickel.
- the core material 22 is made of, for example, an alloy containing copper.
- the chip 28 is formed of an alloy containing iridium (however, another conductive material (for example, a metal material) can be adopted).
- the tip 28 is joined to the electrode base material 21 by, for example, laser welding.
- a part of the rear end side of the center electrode 20 is disposed in the through hole 12 of the insulator 10, and a part of the front end side of the center electrode 20 is exposed to the front end side of the insulator 10.
- a terminal fitting 40 is inserted on the rear end side of the through hole 12 of the insulator 10.
- the terminal fitting 40 is a rod-shaped member that extends along the central axis CL.
- the terminal fitting 40 is formed using low carbon steel (however, other conductive materials (for example, metal materials) can also be used).
- the terminal fitting 40 includes a flange portion 42, a cap mounting portion 41 that forms a portion on the rear end side of the flange portion 42, and a leg portion 43 that forms a portion on the front end side of the flange portion 42.
- the cap mounting part 41 is exposed on the rear end side of the insulator 10.
- the leg portion 43 is inserted into the through hole 12 of the insulator 10.
- a resistor 70 is arranged between the terminal fitting 40 and the center electrode 20 in the through hole 12 of the insulator 10.
- the resistor 70 reduces radio noise when a spark is generated.
- the resistor 70 is formed of a composition containing, for example, glass particles such as B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 , ceramic particles such as ZrO 2 , and a conductive material such as carbon particles and metal.
- a gap between the resistor 70 and the center electrode 20 is filled with a conductive seal 60.
- a gap between the resistor 70 and the terminal fitting 40 is filled with a conductive seal 80.
- the conductive seal is formed using, for example, the above-described various glass particles and metal particles (Cu, Fe, etc.).
- the main metal fitting 50 is a cylindrical metal fitting for fixing the spark plug 100 to an engine head (not shown) of the internal combustion engine.
- the metal shell 50 is formed using a low carbon steel material (other conductive materials (for example, metal materials) can also be used).
- the metal shell 50 is formed with a through hole 59 penetrating along the central axis CL.
- the insulator 10 is inserted into the through hole 59 of the metal shell 50, and the metal shell 50 is fixed to the outer periphery of the insulator 10.
- the tip of the insulator 10 is exposed from the tip of the metal shell 50, and the rear end of the insulator 10 is exposed from the rear end of the metal shell 50.
- the metal shell 50 includes a body portion 55, a seal portion 54, a deformation portion 58, a tool engagement portion 51, and a caulking portion 53 that are arranged in order from the front end side to the rear end side. .
- the shape of the seal portion 54 is a substantially cylindrical shape.
- a barrel portion 55 is provided on the distal end side of the seal portion 54.
- the outer diameter of the trunk portion 55 is smaller than the outer diameter of the seal portion 54.
- a threaded portion 52 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the body portion 55 to be screwed into a mounting hole of the internal combustion engine.
- An annular gasket 5 formed by bending a metal plate is fitted between the seal portion 54 and the screw portion 52.
- the trunk portion 55 of the metal shell 50 has a reduced inner diameter portion 56.
- the reduced inner diameter portion 56 is disposed on the distal end side of the flange portion 19 of the insulator 10.
- the inner diameter of the reduced inner diameter portion 56 gradually decreases from the rear end side toward the front end side.
- a front end side packing 8 is sandwiched between the reduced inner diameter portion 56 of the metal shell 50 and the first reduced outer diameter portion 15 of the insulator 10.
- the front end packing 8 is an iron-shaped O-shaped ring.
- Other materials for example, metal materials such as copper can also be used.
- a deformed portion 58 having a thickness smaller than that of the seal portion 54 is provided on the rear end side of the seal portion 54.
- the deformed portion 58 is deformed so that the center portion protrudes outward in the radial direction (in a direction away from the central axis CL).
- a tool engagement portion 51 is provided on the rear end side of the deformation portion 58.
- the shape of the tool engaging portion 51 is a shape (for example, a hexagonal column) with which the spark plug wrench is engaged.
- a caulking portion 53 that is thinner than the tool engaging portion 51 is provided on the rear end side of the tool engaging portion 51.
- the caulking portion 53 is disposed on the rear end side of the second contracted outer diameter portion 11 of the insulator 10 and forms the rear end of the metal shell 50.
- the caulking portion 53 is bent toward the inner side in the radial direction.
- An annular space SP is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the rear end portion of the metal shell 50 and the outer peripheral surface of the insulator 10.
- This space SP is a space surrounded by the inner peripheral surface of the metal shell 50 and the outer peripheral surface of the insulator 10 between the caulking portion 53 and the second reduced outer diameter portion 11.
- a first rear end side packing 6 is disposed on the rear end side in the space SP, and a second rear end side packing 7 is disposed on the front end side in the space SP.
- these rear end side packings 6 and 7 are made of iron and are C-shaped rings (other materials can also be used). Between the two rear end side packings 6 and 7 in the space SP, powder of talc (talc) 9 is filled.
- the insulator 10 is pressed toward the front end side in the metal shell 50 through the packings 6 and 7 and the talc 9 by crimping the crimping portion 53 inwardly. Thereby, the front end side packing 8 is pressed between the first reduced outer diameter portion 15 and the reduced inner diameter portion 56. And the front end side packing 8 seals between the metal shell 50 and the insulator 10. As described above, the gas in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is prevented from leaking outside through the space between the metal shell 50 and the insulator 10.
- the first ground electrode 30 includes a base material 32 joined to the tip of the metal shell 50 and a chip 38 joined to the tip 31 of the base material 32.
- the base material 32 extends from the end joined to the metal shell 50 in the first direction D1, is bent about 90 degrees toward the center axis CL, and is attached to the tip 31 disposed on the tip side of the center electrode 20. It reaches.
- An X direction Dx in the figure is a direction from the joined portion of the metal shell 50 and the base material 32 toward the central axis CL perpendicular to the central axis CL.
- the partially enlarged view in FIG. 1 shows a cross section including the central axis CL and perpendicular to the X direction Dx.
- the tip 38 is positioned on the base material 32 at a position facing the tip surface of the tip 28 of the center electrode 20, specifically, on the surface of the tip portion 31 on the second direction D2 side, for example, by laser welding. It is joined.
- the shape of the tip 38 is a disc shape centered on the central axis CL.
- the base material 32 is formed using a nickel alloy containing 90% by weight or more of nickel.
- the chip 38 is formed using an alloy containing iridium.
- the surface on the second direction D2 side of the tip 38 of the first ground electrode 30 and the surface (tip surface) on the first direction D1 side of the tip 28 of the center electrode 20 form a first gap g1.
- the second ground electrode 90 includes a hole forming portion 91 that forms a cylindrical through-hole centered on the central axis CL, a support portion 92 that is joined to the tip portion of the metal shell 50, and an inner periphery of the hole forming portion 91. And a cylindrical tip 98 (also referred to as “cylindrical tip 98”) that is joined to the surface and has a central axis CL as a center.
- the cylindrical tip 98 is joined to the inner peripheral surface of the hole forming portion 91 by, for example, brazing.
- the support portion 92 is joined to the inner peripheral surface of the distal end portion of the metal shell 50 (details will be described later).
- the support part 92 is formed using a nickel alloy containing 90% by weight or more of nickel.
- the cylindrical tip 98 is formed using an alloy containing iridium.
- the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical tip 98 of the second ground electrode 90 and the outer peripheral surface of the tip 28 of the center electrode 20 form an annular second
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the electrodes 20, 30, 90 of the spark plug 100.
- 2A shows a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view including the central axis CL) parallel to the X direction Dx on the first direction D1 side of the spark plug 100
- FIG. 2B shows the same portion.
- a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view including the central axis CL) perpendicular to the X direction Dx is shown
- FIG. 2C shows a schematic view of the spark plug 100 viewed from the first direction D1 side in the second direction D2.
- FIG. 2D shows a schematic view of the remaining portion where the first ground electrode 30 is deleted from the schematic diagram of FIG.
- FIG. 2A is a cross section taken along the line AA of FIG. 2C, and is a cross section that bisects the base material 32 of the first ground electrode 30.
- FIG. 2B is a BB cross section of FIG.
- FIG. 2 (A) and FIG. 2 (B) about the insulator 10, the external appearance seen facing the direction perpendicular
- the cylindrical tip 98 of the second ground electrode 90 surrounds the outer periphery in the radial direction of the tip 28 of the center electrode 20 over the entire circumference.
- the inner peripheral surface 98s (FIG. 2A: radially inner surface) of the cylindrical tip 98 and the outer peripheral surface 28s2 (radially outer surface) of the tip 28 of the center electrode 20 are annular second gaps. g2 is formed.
- the support portion 92 of the second ground electrode 90 has a plate shape extending along the Y direction Dy from the ⁇ Dy direction side to the + Dy direction side of the central axis CL. It is a member.
- the + Dy direction indicates the Y direction Dy
- the -Dy direction indicates the direction opposite to the Y direction Dy.
- two connection portions 92s and 92t forming the support portion 92 are shown.
- the first connection portion 92s is a portion of the support portion 92 that is closer to the ⁇ Dy direction than the center axis CL.
- the radially outer end 921 of the first connection portion 92s is joined to the metal shell 50 on the ⁇ Dy direction side of the central axis CL.
- the second connection portion 92t is a portion on the + Dy direction side of the center axis CL in the support portion 92.
- the radially outer end 921 of the second connection portion 92t is joined to the metal shell 50 on the + Dy direction side with respect to the central axis CL.
- the shapes of the first connection portion 92s and the second connection portion 92t are the same as each other.
- the support portion 92 (specifically, the connection portions 92s and 92t) extends from the connection portion with the cylindrical tip 98 (ie, the hole forming portion 91) toward the outside in the radial direction. Extending toward the second direction D2, extending toward the second direction D2, and reaching the end 921.
- the outer peripheral surface of the end 921 is joined to the inner peripheral surface of the metal shell 50 by welding.
- the boundary portion W95 between the end portion 921 of the support portion 92 and the metal shell 50 is welded by laser welding from the first direction D1 side.
- the second ground electrode 90 is electrically connected to the metal shell 50.
- a large inner diameter portion 501 having a relatively large inner diameter is formed at the end of the metal shell 50 (specifically, the body portion 55) on the first direction D1 side.
- a small inner diameter portion 502 having an inner diameter smaller than that of the large inner diameter portion 501 is formed on the side of the portion 501 in the second direction D2.
- a step is formed in which the inner diameter changes stepwise.
- the second ground electrode 90 is fitted into the large inner diameter portion 501 from the first direction D1 side toward the second direction D2.
- the second ground electrode 90 has two end portions 921 of the support portion 92 in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the large inner diameter portion 501 of the metal shell 50. It is configured. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2D, when viewed in a direction parallel to the central axis CL, the shape of the outer edge of the two end portions 921 is larger than the inner diameter of the small inner diameter portion 502. A circular arc having a diameter slightly larger than the inner diameter of the large inner diameter portion 501. Therefore, when the second ground electrode 90 is fitted into the large inner diameter portion 501, the surface on the second direction D2 side of the two end portions 921 of the support portion 92 is between the large inner diameter portion 501 and the small inner diameter portion 502.
- the second ground electrode 90 is suppressed from entering the small inner diameter portion 502, and the displacement of the second ground electrode 90 in the first direction D1 with respect to the metal shell 50 is suppressed. Further, when the two end portions 921 of the support portion 92 are in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the large inner diameter portion 501, a positional shift in a direction orthogonal to the central axis CL (a positional shift of the second ground electrode 90 with respect to the metal shell 50). ) Is suppressed. As a result, the size dg2 (also referred to as “second gap size dg2”) of the second gap g2 is substantially constant over the entire circumference on the outer circumferential surface 28s2 of the tip 28 of the center electrode 20.
- the first ground electrode 30 is welded to the front end surface 501s of the metal shell 50 (for example, laser welding). Thereby, the first ground electrode 30 is electrically connected to the metal shell 50.
- the first ground electrode 30 is disposed so as to extend in the X direction Dx perpendicular to the direction in which the support portion 92 of the second ground electrode 90 extends (that is, the Y direction Dy). Yes.
- the tip surface 28s1 of the tip 28 of the center electrode 20 is a plane orthogonal to the center axis CL.
- first gap size dg1 The size dg1 of the first gap g1 (also referred to as “first gap size dg1”), that is, the distance between the two surfaces 28s1 and 38s is approximately constant regardless of the position in the first gap g1.
- first gap size dg1 the angle of bending of the first ground electrode 30 is adjusted so that the first gap size dg1 becomes a predetermined size.
- the first ground electrode 30 has the tip 38 made of a noble metal alloy (specifically, an alloy containing iridium) at a position where the first gap g1 is formed.
- the second ground electrode 90 has a cylindrical tip 98 made of a noble metal alloy (specifically, an alloy containing iridium) at a position where the second gap g2 is formed.
- the central electrode 20 at least a portion for forming the first gap g 1 with the tip 38 (that is, the tip surface 28 s 1 of the tip 28) and a portion for forming the second gap g 2 with the cylindrical tip 98 ( That is, the outer peripheral surface 28s2) of the chip 28 is formed of a noble metal alloy (specifically, an alloy containing iridium). Therefore, consumption of each of the center electrode 20, the first ground electrode 30, and the second ground electrode 90 can be suppressed.
- First evaluation test A first evaluation test using a spark plug sample will be described.
- the relationship between the ratio of the first gap size dg1 to the second gap size dg2 and the deviation in the number of discharges between the first gap g1 and the second gap g2 was evaluated.
- a spark plug having a center electrode having a tip 28, a first ground electrode having a tip 38, and a second ground electrode having a cylindrical tip 98 is used in the first evaluation test.
- a test sample was used (not shown).
- the configurations of the center electrode and the first ground electrode of the test sample are the same as the configurations of the center electrode 20 and the first ground electrode 30 in FIGS. 1 and 2A to 2D.
- the shape of the support portion is not the same as the shape of the support portion 92 of FIGS. 1 and 2A to 2D.
- the support portion of the test sample includes a hole forming portion into which the cylindrical tip 98 is inserted, similarly to the hole forming portion 91 described with reference to FIGS. 2 (A) to 2 (D).
- the cylindrical tip 98 is joined to the inner peripheral surface of the hole forming portion.
- the support portion for the test sample is joined to the tip of the metal shell.
- the three chips 28, 38, 98 of the test sample are respectively the same as the three chips 28, 38, 98 described in FIGS. 2 (A) to 2 (D). The same.
- the structure of the other part of the sample is the same as that of the spark plug 100 of FIG.
- four spark plug samples having different ratios dg1 / dg2 (hereinafter referred to as “gap ratios”) of the first gap size dg1 to the second gap size dg2 (FIG. 2A) are used.
- the ratio of the number of discharges generated between the center electrode and the second ground electrode with respect to the total number of discharges (here, 100 times) generated in the spark plug sample (hereinafter referred to as “second discharge ratio”). ) was measured.
- the discharge occurs between the center electrode and the first ground electrode or between the center electrode and the second ground electrode. Table 1 below shows the measurement results.
- the dimensions common to the four samples used in the evaluation test are as follows. 1) Outer diameter of center electrode tip 28: 2.2 mm 2) Inner diameter of cylindrical tip 98: 2.8 mm 3) Second gap size dg2: 0.3 mm Between the four samples, the first gap size dg1 is different from each other. The first gap size dg1 is adjusted by adjusting the bending state (for example, the bending radius) of the first ground electrode.
- the test method is as follows. A sample of a spark plug is placed in an experimental container filled with air, and the pressure in the container is increased to 1 MPa. This pressure is determined assuming the pressure at the time of ignition in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. In this state, a voltage is applied to the spark plug sample to discharge. Each time a discharge is performed, it is visually confirmed whether the ground electrode that caused the discharge is the first ground electrode or the second ground electrode. Hereinafter, the ground electrode that causes discharge is referred to as a “discharge ground electrode”. By performing repeated discharge, the second discharge ratio, that is, the ratio of the number of discharges generated between the center electrode and the second ground electrode to the total number of discharges is calculated.
- the second discharge ratio is 30%, that is, the discharge ground electrode is biased toward the first ground electrode.
- the second discharge ratio is 70%, that is, the discharge ground electrode is biased toward the second ground electrode.
- the gap ratio is 0.80, the second discharge ratio is 45%, and when the gap ratio is 1.25, the second discharge ratio is 55%. In these two cases, the discharge occurs approximately evenly between the first ground electrode and the second ground electrode.
- both the first ground electrode and the second ground electrode can be used for discharging approximately equally.
- the durability of the spark plug can be improved. For example, stable discharge can be realized over a long period of time.
- test sample has three chips 28, 38, and 98 that form the first gap g1 and the second gap g2, similarly to the spark plug 100 shown in FIG.
- the above preferred range of gap ratios is applicable to the spark plug 100 of FIG. 2, and thus to various configurations of spark plugs having three tips 28, 38, 98.
- the distance between the two discharge surfaces varies depending on the position on the discharge surface.
- the positional deviation of the center electrode 20 may be greater than zero.
- the positional deviation of the second ground electrode 90 may be larger than zero.
- the shortest distance between the two discharge surfaces (here, the two discharge surfaces 28s2 and 98s) forming the second gap g2 may be adopted as the second gap size dg2.
- the distance between two discharge surfaces (here, the tip surface 28s1 of the chip 28 and the surface 38s of the chip 38) forming the first gap g1 may differ depending on the position on the discharge surface.
- the shortest distance between the two discharge surfaces (here, the two discharge surfaces 28s1 and 38s) forming the first gap g1 may be adopted as the first gap size dg1.
- the gap ratio (dg1 / dg2) calculated using the first gap size dg1 and the second gap size dg2 obtained as described above is in the range of 0.80 or more and 1.25 or less. Is preferred. In this way, both the first ground electrode 30 and the second ground electrode 90 can be used for discharging approximately equally.
- the difference in ease of discharge between the first gap g1 and the second gap g2 is presumed to be mainly caused by the difference between the first gap size dg1 and the second gap size dg2. Therefore, the above preferable range of the gap ratio is estimated to be applicable regardless of the configuration other than the gap sizes dg1 and dg2.
- the material of the part of the electrode that forms the first gap g1 here, the material of the chip 28 and the material of the chip 38
- the material of the part of the electrode that forms the second gap g2 here, It is estimated that the above preferable range is applicable regardless of the material of the tip 28 and the material of the cylindrical tip 98) and the area of the surface of the electrodes 20, 30, 90 forming the gaps g1, g2.
- Second evaluation test The second evaluation test using a spark plug sample will be described. In the second evaluation test, the ratio of occurrence of creeping discharge was measured in a spark plug (referred to as “post-use spark plug”) after an internal combustion engine equipped with a spark plug sample was operated for 1000 hours.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of creeping discharge.
- creeping discharge will be described using the spark plug 100 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 3A shows a schematic diagram of the spark plug 100 before use
- FIG. 3B shows a schematic diagram of the spark plug 100 after use (the spark plug 100 after 1000 hours of operation).
- Thick lines p1 and p2 in FIG. 3A indicate examples of discharge paths.
- the first discharge path p1 is an example of a discharge path that can occur in the first gap g1, and is a path from the tip surface 28s1 of the chip 28 to the surface 38s of the chip 38.
- the second discharge path p2 is an example of a path of discharge generated in the second gap g2, and is a path from the outer peripheral surface 28s2 of the tip 28 to the inner peripheral surface 98s of the cylindrical tip 98.
- the distance h shown in FIG. 3A indicates the shortest distance between the surface of the insulator 10 and the surface of the second ground electrode 90.
- the shortest distance h is the surface 10s (referred to as “tip surface 10s”) on the first direction D1 side of the insulator 10 and the surface on the second direction D2 side of the support portion 92 of the second ground electrode 90.
- the distance between them and 92 us (the distance measured in parallel with the central axis CL) is the same.
- the first gap size dg1 is the same as the second gap size dg2.
- the electrode 20, 30, 90 can be consumed by 1000 hours of operation.
- the portion where discharge occurs that is, the tip surface 28s1 of the chip 28, the outer peripheral surface 28s2 of the chip 28, the surface 38s of the chip 38, and the inner peripheral surface 98s of the chip 98 are easily consumed.
- FIG. 3B shows a schematic diagram after 1000 hours of use.
- Each surface 28s1e, 28s2e, 38se, 98se in the figure is a surface obtained by the consumption of the original surfaces 28s1, 28s2, 38s, 98s, respectively.
- the first gap size dg1e of the first gap g1 after use is larger than the first gap size dg1 before use (FIG.
- the second gap size dg2e of the second gap g2 after use is The second gap size dg2 before use is larger.
- the first gap size dg1 before use is also called “first initial gap size dg1”
- the second gap size dg2 before use is also called “second initial gap size dg2”.
- the electrode consumption can proceed non-uniformly.
- the shortest distance between the tip surface 28s1e and the surface 38se corresponds to the first gap size dg1e after use.
- the shortest distance between the outer peripheral surface 28s2e and the inner peripheral surface 98se corresponds to the second gap size dg2e after use.
- a thick line px in FIG. 3B shows an example of a creeping discharge path.
- the creeping discharge path px extends from the surface 92us of the support portion 92 of the second ground electrode 90 to the tip surface 10s of the insulator 10, and proceeds toward the center electrode 20 along the tip surface 10s. It reaches the outer peripheral surface (here, the outer peripheral surface of the electrode base material 21).
- the creeping discharge that crawls on the tip surface 10s of the insulator 10 can occur when it is difficult for the gaps g1 and g2 to be discharged.
- creeping discharge is more likely to occur as the gap sizes dg1e and dg2e are larger than the shortest distance h, in other words, as the shortest distance h to the gap sizes dg1e and dg2e is smaller.
- the insulator 10 may be damaged. Therefore, it is preferable that the ratio of occurrence of unintended creeping discharge is small.
- the creeping discharge that can occur in the spark plug 100 of FIG. 2 has been described above.
- the sample of the spark plug used in the second evaluation test is the same as the sample used in the first evaluation test.
- the sample support portion has a surface 92us that realizes the shortest distance h between the surface of the insulator 10 and the surface of the second ground electrode, like the support portion 92 of FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B). Contains. Therefore, in the test sample, when the chips 28, 38, and 98 are consumed due to discharge, creeping discharge can occur as in the spark plug 100 shown in FIG.
- the initial distance ratio (h / dg) in Table 2 is the ratio of the shortest distance h to the initial gap sizes dg1 and dg2 of the spark plug sample before use.
- the occurrence rate of creeping discharge after 1000 hours of use is that of creeping discharge with respect to the total number of discharges when the discharge is repeated under the same conditions as in the first evaluation test using the spark plug sample after 1000 hours of use. It is the ratio of the number of times. Whether or not the discharge was a creeping discharge was confirmed by visual observation.
- the dimensions common to the four samples used in the evaluation test are as follows. 1) External shape of the tip 28 of the center electrode: 2.2 mm 2) Inner diameter of cylindrical tip 98: 2.8 mm 3) First initial gap size dg1: 0.3 mm 4) Second initial gap size dg2: 0.3 mm Among the four samples, the shortest distance h is different from each other. The shortest distance h is adjusted by adjusting the length of the leg portion 13 of the insulator 10 along the central axis CL.
- the gap sizes dg1e and dg2e can be larger than the initial gap sizes dg1 and dg2 after 1000 hours of operation.
- the ratio of the used gap sizes dg1e and dg2e to the shortest distance h is smaller than when the initial distance ratio is small. That is, when the initial distance ratio is large, discharge is more likely to occur in the gaps g1 and g2 than when the initial distance ratio is small. Therefore, when the operation time is the same, that is, when the consumption of the electrodes is approximately the same, the larger the initial distance ratio, the smaller the creeping discharge ratio.
- the initial distance ratio when the initial distance ratio is 2.0 or more, specifically, when the initial distance ratio is 2.0 and 2.1, creeping discharge occurs. The rate is zero percent. When the initial distance ratio is 1.9, the occurrence rate of creeping discharge is 10%, and when the initial distance ratio is 1.8, the occurrence rate of creeping discharge is 30%. Thus, if the initial distance ratio is set to 2 or more, creeping discharge can be suppressed. As a result, the durability of the spark plug can be improved.
- the first initial gap size dg1 may be different from the second initial gap size dg2.
- the shortest distance h is preferably at least twice the maximum value of the first initial gap size dg1 and the second initial gap size dg2. According to this configuration, creeping discharge can be suppressed even when either the first ground electrode 30 or the second ground electrode 90 is consumed.
- the initial distance ratio may be set to “2.1” or less, which is a value evaluated in the second evaluation test. Further, as the upper limit of the initial distance ratio, a value larger than 2.1 (for example, a value arbitrarily selected from 3, 3.5, 4) may be adopted (the initial distance ratio is equal to or less than the upper limit).
- the first initial gap size dg1 is different from the second initial gap size dg2
- the shortest distance h with respect to the maximum value of the first initial gap size dg1 and the second initial gap size dg2 is set as the initial distance ratio. The ratio can be adopted.
- the shortest distance h is large, the portion of the center electrode 20 located outside the through-hole 12 of the insulator 10 (referred to as an outer portion) is often long.
- the outer part of the center electrode 20 is long, the durability of the center electrode 20 tends to be low. Therefore, it is preferable that the shortest distance h, and hence the initial distance ratio is small.
- the above-mentioned preferable range of the initial distance ratio is applicable to the spark plug 100 of FIG. 2 and, consequently, the spark plugs having various configurations having the three chips 28, 38, 98 and the support portion that realizes the shortest distance h. Is possible.
- the speed of electrode consumption depends on the material of the chips 28, 38, 98, the presence / absence of the chips 28, 38, 98, the electrode 20, It can change according to the area of the part which forms the gaps g1 and g2 in the surface of 30,90. In any case, if the shortest distance h is at least twice the maximum value of the first initial gap size dg1 and the second initial gap size dg2, the gap sizes dg1 and dg2 are increased twice.
- the shortest distance h may be less than twice the maximum value of the first initial gap size dg1 and the second initial gap size dg2.
- the shortest distance h is a distance measured in parallel with the first direction D1, but the arrangement of the points on the insulator and the points on the second ground electrode that define the shortest distance h. May be variously arranged depending on the shape of the insulator 10 and the shape of the second ground electrode. For example, the distance between the insulator and the second ground electrode measured along an oblique direction intersecting the first direction D1 may be the shortest distance.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a second embodiment of the spark plug.
- 4A illustrates a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2A
- FIG. 4B illustrates a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2B
- FIG. 4C illustrates FIG.
- a schematic diagram similar to FIG. 2C is shown
- FIG. 4D shows a schematic diagram similar to FIG.
- the first difference is that the base material 32 of the first ground electrode 30 of the first embodiment is replaced with a surface layer 36 that forms the surface and a core portion 37 that is formed inside the surface layer 36. Is a point.
- the second difference is that the support portion 92 of the first embodiment is replaced with a surface layer 96 that forms the surface and a core portion 97 that is formed inside the surface layer 96.
- the other configuration of the spark plug 100a of the second embodiment is the same as the configuration of the spark plug 100 of the first embodiment (in the figure, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted). ).
- the arrangement of the chips 28, 38 and 98 forming the gaps g1 and g2 is the same as the arrangement in the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the core part 37 is shown by hatching.
- the core 97 is indicated by hatching.
- the first ground electrode 30a includes a surface layer 36, a core portion 37 provided inside the surface layer 36, and a chip 38 joined to the tip portion 31a of the first ground electrode 30a.
- the outer shape of the surface layer 36 is the same as the outer shape of the base material 32 of the first embodiment.
- the core portion 37 extends from a joint portion with the metal shell 50 and extends to the middle of the first ground electrode 30a reaching the tip portion 31a.
- the tip portion 31a is a portion corresponding to the tip portion 31 (FIG. 2A) of the first embodiment.
- the core part 37 is formed using a material having a higher thermal conductivity than the surface layer 36. Therefore, heat conduction by the first ground electrode 30a can be promoted as compared with the case where the core portion 37 is omitted. As a result, since heat can be easily released from the first ground electrode 30a to the metal shell 50 during operation of the internal combustion engine, the temperature of the first ground electrode 30a increases and the temperature of the first ground electrode 30a increases. It can suppress that a high state continues for a long time. As a result, consumption of the first ground electrode 30a (for example, oxidation of the surface of the first ground electrode 30a) can be suppressed.
- various materials can be used as the material of the surface layer 36.
- the same alloy containing nickel as the base material 32 of the first embodiment can be used.
- the material of the core portion 37 various materials having higher thermal conductivity than the surface layer 36 can be used.
- copper or an alloy containing copper can be used.
- the second ground electrode 90a includes a surface layer 96, a core portion 97 provided in the surface layer 96, a cylindrical tip 98 bonded to the inner peripheral surface of the surface layer 96, It has.
- the outer shape of the surface layer 96 is the same as the outer shape of the support portion 92 of the first embodiment.
- the entire surface layer 96 and the core portion 97 are referred to as a “support portion 92a”.
- the elements of the support part 92a are given the reference numerals with the letter “a” added to the end of the reference numerals of the corresponding elements of the support part 92 of FIG.
- the first connection portion 92sa indicates the same portion as the first connection portion 92s in FIG.
- An end portion 921a indicates the same portion as the end portion 921 in FIG.
- the core portion 97 is located inside the support portion 92a from the vicinity of the end of the support portion 92a on the ⁇ Dy direction side to the vicinity of the end on the + Dy direction side. It extends along the Y direction Dy.
- the core portion 97 is formed in a ring shape so as to bypass the through hole and the hole forming portion 91a.
- the core portion 97 is formed using a material having a higher thermal conductivity than the surface layer 96. Therefore, heat conduction by the second ground electrode 90a can be promoted as compared with the case where the core portion 97 is omitted. As a result, since heat can be easily released from the second ground electrode 90a to the metal shell 50 during operation of the internal combustion engine, the temperature of the second ground electrode 90a increases and the temperature of the second ground electrode 90a increases. It can suppress that a high state continues for a long time. As a result, consumption of the second ground electrode 90a (for example, oxidation of the surface of the second ground electrode 90a) can be suppressed.
- the material of the surface layer 96 can be used as the same alloy as that of the connection portion 92 of the first embodiment.
- various materials having higher thermal conductivity than the surface layer 96 can be employed.
- copper or an alloy containing copper can be used.
- the configuration of the spark plug 100a of the second embodiment other than the above two differences is the same as the configuration of the spark plug 100 of the first embodiment. Accordingly, the spark plug 100a of the second embodiment can realize the same advantages as the spark plug 100 of the first embodiment. For example, by setting the ratio of the first gap size dg1 to the second gap size dg2 to be 0.80 or more and 1.25 or less, both the first ground electrode 30a and the second ground electrode 90a are It can be used for discharging evenly. As a result, since one ground electrode can be prevented from being greatly consumed as compared with the other ground electrode, the durability of the spark plug 100a can be improved. Similarly to the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the shortest distance h is set to be equal to or more than twice the maximum value of the first initial gap size dg1 and the second initial gap size dg2. Discharge can be suppressed. As a result, the durability of the spark plug 100 can be improved. Further, since the first gap g1 is formed of a noble metal alloy (specifically, the chip 28 and the chip 38), it is possible to suppress wear of the center electrode 20 and the first ground electrode 30a. In addition, since the second gap g2 is formed of a noble metal alloy (specifically, the tip 28 and the cylindrical tip 98), consumption of the center electrode 20 and the second ground electrode 90a can be suppressed. Moreover, since iridium is used as the noble metal, it is possible to appropriately suppress the consumption of the electrodes 20, 30a, 90a.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a third embodiment of the spark plug.
- 5A illustrates a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 4A
- FIG. 5B illustrates a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 4B
- FIG. 5C illustrates FIG.
- a schematic diagram similar to FIG. 4C is shown
- FIG. 5D shows a schematic diagram similar to FIG.
- Differences from the spark plug 100a of the second embodiment are the following three points. 1) The first difference is that the large inner diameter portion 501 of the metal shell 50 is omitted.
- the second difference is that the support portion 92b (here, the surface layer 96b) of the second ground electrode 90b extends outward in the radial direction to the position of the outer peripheral surface of the front end portion 501b of the metal shell 50b. It is a point. 3)
- the third difference is that the first ground electrode 30b is joined to the surface 92bs on the first direction D1 side of the support portion 92b of the second ground electrode 90b. As shown in FIGS. 5B and 5C, when viewed in a direction parallel to the central axis CL, the first ground electrode 30b is directed from the joint portion with the metal shell 50b toward the central axis CL.
- the extending direction is parallel to the extending direction of the second ground electrode 90b (here, the Y direction Dy).
- the other configuration of the spark plug 100b of the third embodiment is the same as the configuration of the spark plug 100a of the second embodiment (in the figure, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted).
- the configuration of the metal shell 50b of the third embodiment is the same as that of the metal shell 50 of the first and second embodiments, except that the portion forming the large inner diameter portion 501 is omitted.
- the arrangement of the chips 28, 38, 98 forming the gaps g1, g2 is the same as the arrangement in the embodiment shown in FIGS.
- the second ground electrode 90b includes a support portion 92b and a cylindrical tip 98.
- the support portion 92b has the same hole forming portion 91a as in the embodiment of FIG.
- the cylindrical tip 98 is joined to the inner peripheral surface of the hole forming portion 91a.
- the core portion 97 is provided inside the support portion 92b as in the embodiments of FIGS. 4B and 4D.
- the remaining part of the support part 92b excluding the core part 97 is the surface layer 96b.
- the surface layer 96b is formed using a nickel alloy.
- the end portion 921b of the support portion 92b is an end portion 921b on the outer side in the radial direction and on the second direction D2 side.
- the end surface 92s2 on the second direction D2 side of the end portion 921b is joined to the end surface on the first direction D1 side of the metal shell 50b (referred to as “tip surface 501sb”).
- the boundary portion W95b between the support portion 92b and the metal shell 50b is welded by laser welding from the outside in the radial direction.
- the surfaces 92s2 and 501sb are planes orthogonal to the central axis CL.
- FIG. 5B and FIG. 5D two connection portions 92sb and 92tb are shown.
- the first connection portion 92sb is a portion on the ⁇ Dy direction side of the central axis CL in the support portion 92b
- the second connection portion 92tb is a portion on the + Dy direction side of the support portion 92b in relation to the central axis CL.
- the end 921b of the first connection portion 92sb is joined to the metal shell 50b on the ⁇ Dy direction side of the central axis CL.
- An end portion 921b of the second connection portion 92tb is joined to the metal shell 50b on the + Dy direction side of the central axis CL.
- the shape of the edge 92so on the outer peripheral side of the two end faces 92s2 of the support portion 92b is a circle having approximately the same diameter as the outer diameter of the front end face 501sb of the metal shell 50b. Is the same as a part of (i.e., arc).
- the shape of the inner peripheral edge 92si of the two end faces 92s2 of the support portion 92b is a circle having a diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the front end face 501sb of the metal shell 50b. Part (ie, arc).
- the front end surface 501sb of the metal shell 50b can be easily joined to the two end surfaces 92s2 of the support portion 92b, so that the joining strength can be improved. Further, by disposing the outer peripheral edge 92so of the two end surfaces 92s2 of the support portion 92 on the outer peripheral edge of the front end surface 501sb of the metal shell 50b, the position of the second ground electrode 90b relative to the metal shell 50b ( (Positional deviation in a direction orthogonal to the central axis CL) can be suppressed. As a result, the second gap size dg2 is substantially constant over the entire circumference on the outer circumferential surface 28s2 of the tip 28 of the center electrode 20.
- the first ground electrode 30b is joined to the surface 92bs on the first direction D1 side of the support portion 92b of the second ground electrode 90b (for example, laser welding).
- the configuration of the first ground electrode 30b is such that when the first ground electrode 30a of FIG. 4A is overlaid on FIG. 5B so that the chip 38 overlaps, the first ground electrode 30b of FIG. ) Is the same as the configuration obtained by omitting the portion overlapping the second ground electrode 90b.
- the first ground electrode 30b has a surface layer 36b, a core portion 37b formed inside the surface layer 36b, and a chip 38. .
- the first ground electrode 30b is joined to the metal shell 50b via the second ground electrode 90b.
- the heat conduction from the first ground electrode 30b to the metal shell 50b is suppressed as compared with the case where the first ground electrode 30b is directly joined to the metal shell 50b, so that the temperature of the first ground electrode 30b is reduced. Tends to rise.
- the core portion 37b is embedded in the first ground electrode 30b, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the first ground electrode 30b from increasing and the state in which the temperature of the first ground electrode 30b is high from continuing for a long time. it can. As a result, consumption of the first ground electrode 30b (for example, oxidation of the surface of the first ground electrode 30b) can be suppressed.
- the configuration of the spark plug 100b of the third embodiment other than the above differences is the same as the configuration of the spark plug 100a of the second embodiment. Therefore, the spark plug 100b of the third embodiment can realize the same advantages as the spark plug 100a of the second embodiment. For example, by setting the ratio of the first gap size dg1 to the second gap size dg2 to be 0.80 or more and 1.25 or less, both the first ground electrode 30b and the second ground electrode 90b are It can be used for discharging evenly. As a result, since one ground electrode can be prevented from being greatly consumed compared to the other ground electrode, the durability of the spark plug 100b can be improved. Similarly to the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the shortest distance h is set to be equal to or more than twice the maximum value of the first initial gap size dg1 and the second initial gap size dg2. Discharge can be suppressed. As a result, the durability of the spark plug 100b can be improved. Further, since the first gap g1 is formed of a noble metal alloy (specifically, the chip 28 and the chip 38), it is possible to suppress wear of the center electrode 20 and the first ground electrode 30b. Further, since the second gap g2 is formed of a noble metal alloy (specifically, the tip 28 and the cylindrical tip 98), it is possible to suppress wear of the center electrode 20 and the second ground electrode 90b.
- a core portion 37b having a higher thermal conductivity than the surface layer 36b is embedded in the first ground electrode 30b. Therefore, during operation of the internal combustion engine, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the first ground electrode 30b from increasing and the state in which the temperature of the first ground electrode 30b is high from continuing for a long time. As a result, consumption of the first ground electrode 30b (for example, oxidation of the surface of the first ground electrode 30b) can be suppressed.
- a core 97 having a higher thermal conductivity than the surface layer 96b is embedded in the second ground electrode 90b.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a fourth embodiment of the spark plug.
- 6A illustrates a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 5A
- FIG. 6B illustrates a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 5B
- FIG. 6C illustrates FIG.
- a schematic diagram similar to FIG. 5C is shown
- FIG. 6D shows a schematic diagram similar to FIG.
- the only difference from the spark plug 100b of the third embodiment is that the joint surface between the metal shell 50c and the support portion 92c changes in a step shape.
- the other configuration of the spark plug 100c is the same as the configuration of the spark plug 100b of the third embodiment (in the figure, the same configuration is denoted by the same reference numeral and description thereof is omitted).
- the structure of the metal shell 50c of the fourth embodiment is the same as the structure of the metal shell 50 of the first and second embodiments, except that the shape of the tip portion 501c is different.
- the configuration of the second ground electrode 90c of the fourth embodiment is such that the shape of the end 921c of the support portion 92c (the shape of the portion joined to the metal shell 50c) is the end of the support portion 92b of FIG. Except for the difference from the shape of 921b (the shape of the portion joined to the metal shell 50b), it is the same as the configuration of the second ground electrode 90b of FIG.
- the arrangement of the chips 28, 38 and 98 forming the gaps g1 and g2 is the same as the arrangement of the embodiments of FIGS. Note that an enlarged view of a joint portion between the metal shell 50c and the second ground electrode 90c is shown on the right side of FIG. 6B.
- the second ground electrode 90c includes a support portion 92c and a cylindrical tip 98.
- the configuration of the support portion 92c other than the shape of the joint surface with the metal shell 50c is the same as the configuration of the support portion 92b in FIGS. 5B and 5D.
- the cylindrical tip 98 is joined to the inner peripheral surface of the hole forming portion 91a of the support portion 92c.
- the same core portion 97 as that of the third embodiment is provided inside the support portion 92c.
- the remaining part of the support part 92c excluding the core part 97 is the surface layer 96c.
- the first connection portion 92sc is a portion on the ⁇ Dy direction side of the center axis CL in the support portion 92c, and the second connection portion 92tc is in the + Dy direction from the center axis CL in the support portion 92c.
- the end portion 921c of the first connection portion 92sc is joined to the metal shell 50c on the ⁇ Dy direction side with respect to the central axis CL.
- An end portion 921c of the second connection portion 92tc is joined to the metal shell 50c on the + Dy direction side with respect to the central axis CL.
- the end portion 921c of the support portion 92c includes an inner portion 941d that is a portion on the inner peripheral side, and an outer portion 941e that is a radially outer portion of the inner portion 941d. It is equipped with.
- the surface 941ds on the second direction D2 side of the inner portion 941d and the surface 941es on the second direction D2 side of the outer portion 941e are both planes orthogonal to the central axis CL. is there.
- the surface 941es of the outer portion 941e is located closer to the first direction D1 than the surface 941ds of the inner portion 941d.
- An outer peripheral surface 941fs (also referred to as a partial cylindrical surface 941fs) having the same shape as a part of the cylinder centering on the central axis CL is formed at the boundary portion between the inner portion 941d and the outer portion 941e.
- the front end portion 501c of the metal shell 50c includes an inner portion 501d and an outer portion 501e that is a radially outer portion of the inner portion 501d.
- a surface 501ds on the first direction D1 side of the inner portion 501d and a surface 501es on the first direction D1 side of the outer portion 501e are planes orthogonal to the central axis CL.
- the surface 501es of the outer part 501e is located closer to the first direction D1 than the surface 501ds of the inner part 501d.
- An inner peripheral surface 501fs (also referred to as a partial cylindrical surface 501fs) having the same shape as a part of the cylinder centering on the central axis CL is formed at a boundary portion between the inner portion 501d and the outer portion 501e.
- the second ground electrode 90c is fitted into the front end portion 501c of the metal shell 50c from the first direction D1 side toward the second direction D2.
- the surface 941es of the outer portion 941e of the support portion 92c is in contact with the surface 501es of the outer portion 501e of the metal shell 50c, and the surface 941ds of the inner portion 941d of the support portion 92c is the surface 501ds of the inner portion 501d of the metal shell 50c.
- the boundary portion W95c between the support portion 92c and the metal shell 50c is welded by laser welding from the outside in the radial direction.
- the partial cylindrical surface 941fs of the support portion 92c is in contact with the partial cylindrical surface 501fs of the metal shell 50c. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the displacement of the second ground electrode 90c with respect to the metal shell 50c (the displacement in the direction orthogonal to the central axis CL). As a result, the second gap size dg2 is substantially constant over the entire circumference on the outer circumferential surface of the tip 28 of the center electrode 20.
- the first ground electrode 30b is joined to the surface 92bs on the first direction D1 side of the support portion 92c of the second ground electrode 90c (for example, laser welding).
- a recess or notch is provided in the surface 92bs on the first direction D1 side of the support portion 92c of the second ground electrode 90c, and one end portion of the first ground electrode 30b is disposed and joined to the recess or notch. Good.
- the configuration of the spark plug 100c of the fourth embodiment other than the above differences is the same as the configuration of the spark plug 100b of the third embodiment. Therefore, the spark plug 100c of the fourth embodiment can realize various advantages similar to those of the spark plug 100b of the third embodiment. For example, by setting the ratio of the first gap size dg1 to the second gap size dg2 to be 0.80 or more and 1.25 or less, both the first ground electrode 30b and the second ground electrode 90c are It can be used for discharging evenly. As a result, since one ground electrode can be prevented from being greatly consumed compared to the other ground electrode, the durability of the spark plug 100c can be improved. Similarly to the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the shortest distance is set to at least twice the maximum value of the first initial gap size dg1 and the second initial gap size dg2, thereby causing creeping discharge. Can be suppressed. As a result, the durability of the spark plug 100c can be improved. Further, since the first gap g1 is formed of a noble metal alloy (specifically, the chip 28 and the chip 38), it is possible to suppress wear of the center electrode 20 and the first ground electrode 30b. Further, since the second gap g2 is formed of a noble metal alloy (specifically, the tip 28 and the cylindrical tip 98), consumption of the center electrode 20 and the second ground electrode 90c can be suppressed.
- iridium is used as the noble metal, it is possible to appropriately suppress the consumption of the electrodes 20, 30b, 90c.
- a core portion 37b having a higher thermal conductivity than the surface layer 36b is embedded in the first ground electrode 30b. Therefore, consumption of the first ground electrode 30b can be suppressed.
- a core 97 having a higher thermal conductivity than the surface layer 96c is embedded in the second ground electrode 90c. Therefore, consumption of the second ground electrode 90c can be suppressed.
- the first ground electrode includes a first nickel portion that is a portion formed of nickel or a nickel alloy, and the nickel content of the first nickel portion is 90 wt% or more.
- the base material 32 in FIG. 2A and the surface layers 36 and 36b in FIG. 4A, FIG. 5B, and FIG. Corresponds to the part.
- the thermal conductivity of the first ground electrode can be improved. Therefore, since heat can be easily released from the first ground electrode to the metal shell during operation of the internal combustion engine, the temperature of the first ground electrode becomes high and the state where the temperature of the first ground electrode is high continues for a long time. Can be suppressed. As a result, consumption of the first ground electrode (for example, oxidation of the surface of the first ground electrode) can be suppressed.
- the nickel content of the first nickel portion of the first ground electrode may be less than 90% by weight.
- the second ground electrode includes a second nickel portion that is a portion formed of nickel or a nickel alloy, and the nickel content of the second nickel portion is preferably 90% by weight or more.
- the entire support portion 92 of FIG. 2A and the surface layers 96, 96b, and 96c of FIG. 4B, FIG. 5B, and FIG. Corresponding to the second nickel part.
- the nickel content of the second nickel portion is 90% by weight or more, heat can be easily released from the second ground electrode to the metal shell during operation of the internal combustion engine, so the temperature of the second ground electrode is high. It can be suppressed that the state in which the temperature of the second ground electrode is high continues for a long time. As a result, consumption of the second ground electrode (for example, oxidation of the surface of the second ground electrode) can be suppressed.
- the nickel content of the second nickel portion of the second ground electrode may be less than 90% by weight.
- the first ground electrode may be formed using a conductive material other than nickel without including nickel.
- the second ground electrode may be formed using a conductive material other than nickel without including nickel.
- the core portions 37, 37b may be omitted.
- a core portion for example, core portions 37 and 37b
- the core portion 97 may be omitted.
- the core portion 97 may be added.
- the core part may be provided in only one of the first ground electrode and the second ground electrode.
- the core portion may be omitted from both the first ground electrode and the second ground electrode.
- a core part may be provided in both the 1st ground electrode and the 2nd ground electrode.
- the material of the core part various materials having a higher thermal conductivity than the surface layer provided around the core part can be adopted.
- a conductive material such as copper, an alloy containing copper, or silver can be used.
- the noble metal tips that are separated from each other may be provided in a portion where the first gap g1 is formed and a portion where the second gap g2 is formed.
- at least one of the noble metal tips 38 and 98 provided on the ground electrode may be omitted.
- One or more noble metal tips arbitrarily selected from the part forming the second gap g2 of the second ground electrode may be omitted.
- the material of the noble metal tip is not limited to iridium or an alloy containing iridium, and various other materials can be adopted.
- platinum or an alloy containing platinum may be employed.
- a noble metal or a noble metal alloy can be adopted.
- the material of each noble metal tip of the part forming the second gap g2 may be selected independently of each other.
- the tip 28 may be formed using a noble metal (for example, iridium), and the noble metal tip 38 and the cylindrical tip 98 may be formed using a noble metal alloy (for example, iridium alloy).
- the area of the discharge surface forming the second gap g2 of the second ground electrode (in each of the above embodiments, the area of the inner peripheral surface 98s of the cylindrical tip 98) is the first gap g1 of the first ground electrode.
- the area of the discharge surface to be formed (in each of the above embodiments, the area of the surface 38s of the chip 38) is preferably twice or more. According to this configuration, since the area of the discharge surface is three times that of the case where the second ground electrode is omitted, the durability of the spark plug can be improved. For example, stable discharge can be realized over a long period of time.
- the second ground electrode is a surface in contact with the metallic shell, It is preferable to have a surface (referred to as a “position specifying surface”) defined by a normal line intersecting the first direction D1.
- a position specifying surface defined by a normal line intersecting the first direction D1.
- the normal direction of the position specifying surface is the same as the radial direction of the position specifying surface.
- the second ground electrode has two or more position specifying surfaces which are arranged in different directions as viewed from the central axis CL and have different normal directions. According to this configuration, it is possible to appropriately suppress the positional deviation of the second ground electrode with respect to the metal shell (the positional deviation in the direction crossing the central axis CL). For example, it is possible to employ a configuration in which the concave portion or the convex portion of the second ground electrode is fitted to the convex portion or the concave portion of the metal shell.
- the normal direction of the position specifying surface may be a direction inclined obliquely with respect to a plane orthogonal to the central axis CL.
- the normal direction of the position specifying surface is the same as the radial direction of the position specifying surface.
- the configuration of the center electrode, the first ground electrode, and the second ground electrode is not limited to the above configuration, and various other configurations can be adopted.
- the present invention forms a first ground electrode that forms a first gap between the center electrode, the tip surface of the center electrode, and an annular second gap between the side surface of the center electrode and its inner peripheral surface. It can utilize suitably for a spark plug provided with the 2nd earthing electrode to do.
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- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
軸線方向に延びる中心電極と、
前記軸線方向に延びる軸孔を有し、前記軸孔に前記中心電極が挿設される絶縁体と、
前記絶縁体の外周に配置される主体金具と、
前記主体金具と電気的に導通し、前記中心電極の先端面との間で第1ギャップを形成する第1接地電極と、
前記主体金具と電気的に導通し、前記主体金具に接合され、前記主体金具から前記中心電極の側面と対向する位置まで延び、前記中心電極の側面と自身の内周面との間で環状の第2ギャップを形成する第2接地電極と、
を備えたスパークプラグであって、
前記第2ギャップの大きさに対する前記第1ギャップの大きさの割合は、0.80以上、かつ、1.25以下である、
スパークプラグ。
適用例1に記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記第1接地電極は、ニッケル、または、ニッケル合金で形成された部分である第1ニッケル部分を含み、前記第1ニッケル部分のニッケル含有量は、90重量%以上であり、
前記第2接地電極は、ニッケル、または、ニッケル合金で形成された部分である第2ニッケル部分を含み、前記第2ニッケル部分のニッケル含有量は、90重量%以上である、
スパークプラグ。
適用例1または2に記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記第1接地電極と前記第2接地電極との少なくとも一方は、自身の表面を形成する表面層と、該表面層よりも内部に形成され、該表面層よりも熱伝導率が大きい芯部とを含む、
スパークプラグ。
適用例3に記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記第1接地電極は、前記第2接地電極に接合されている、
スパークプラグ
適用例1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記第2接地電極の表面と、前記絶縁体の表面と、の間の最短距離は、前記第1ギャップの大きさと前記第2ギャップの大きさとのうちの最大値の2倍以上である、スパークプラグ。
適用例1ないし5のいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記第1接地電極は、前記第1ギャップを形成する位置に貴金属または貴金属合金からなる第1貴金属部を有し、
前記第2接地電極は、前記第2ギャップを形成する位置に貴金属または貴金属合金からなる第2貴金属部を有し、
前記中心電極のうちの、少なくとも、前記第1貴金属部との間で前記第1ギャップを形成する第一部位と、前記第2貴金属部との間で前記第2ギャップを形成する第二部位とは、貴金属または貴金属合金で形成されている、
スパークプラグ。
適用例6に記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記貴金属または貴金属合金は、イリジウム、または、イリジウム合金である、
スパークプラグ。
A1.スパークプラグの構成:
図1は、第1実施例のスパークプラグ100の断面図である。図示されたラインCLは、スパークプラグ100の中心軸を示している。以下、中心軸CLのことを「軸線CL」とも呼び、中心軸CLと平行な方向を「軸線方向」とも呼び、中心軸CLを中心とする円の径方向を、単に「径方向」とも呼び、中心軸CLを中心とする円の円周方向を「周方向」とも呼ぶ。図中の第1方向D1と第2方向D2とは、軸線CLと平行であり、第2方向D2は、第1方向D1と反対の方向である。後述するように、火花ギャップ(単に「ギャップ」とも呼ぶ)を形成する中心電極20と第1接地電極30と第2接地電極90とは、スパークプラグ100の第1方向D1側の端部を形成している。以下、このような第1方向D1側を「先端側」とも呼び、第2方向D2側を「後端側」とも呼ぶ。
図2は、スパークプラグ100の電極20、30、90の構成を示す概略図である。図2(A)は、スパークプラグ100の第1方向D1側の一部のX方向Dxに平行な断面図(中心軸CLを含む断面図)を示し、図2(B)は、同じ部分のX方向Dxに垂直な断面図(中心軸CLを含む断面図)を示し、図2(C)は、スパークプラグ100を第1方向D1側から第2方向D2を向いて見た概略図を示し、図2(D)は、図2(C)の概略図から第1接地電極30を消去した残りの部分の概略図を示している。図中には、第1方向D1と第2方向D2とに加えて、中心軸CLと直交する2つの方向Dx、Dyが示されている。Y方向Dyは、X方向Dxと直交する方向である。図2(A)は、図2(C)のA-A断面であり、第1接地電極30の母材32を二等分する断面である。図2(B)は、図2(C)のB-B断面である。
スパークプラグのサンプルを用いた第1評価試験について説明する。第1評価試験では、第2ギャップサイズdg2に対する第1ギャップサイズdg1の比率と、第1ギャップg1と第2ギャップg2との間の放電回数の偏りと、の関係が評価された。このような関係を評価するために、第1評価試験では、チップ28を有する中心電極と、チップ38を有する第1接地電極と、円筒チップ98を有する第2接地電極と、を有するスパークプラグの試験用のサンプルが用いられた(図示省略)。試験用のサンプルの中心電極と第1接地電極の構成は、図1、図2(A)~図2(D)の中心電極20と第1接地電極30の構成と同様である。第2接地電極については、支持部の形状が、図1、図2(A)~図2(D)の支持部92の形状と同じではない。ただし、試験用サンプルの支持部は、図2(A)~図2(D)で説明した孔形成部91と同様に、円筒チップ98が挿入される孔形成部を含んでいる。円筒チップ98は、孔形成部の内周面に接合されている。また、試験用サンプルの支持部は、主体金具の先端部に接合されている。そして、上記の評価を適切に行うために、試験用サンプルの3つのチップ28、38、98は、図2(A)~図2(D)で説明した3つのチップ28、38、98とそれぞれ同じである。サンプルの他の部分の構成は、図1のスパークプラグ100の構成と同じである。第1評価試験では、第2ギャップサイズdg2(図2(A))に対する第1ギャップサイズdg1の比率dg1/dg2(以下、「ギャップ比率」と呼ぶ)が互いに異なる4つのスパークプラグのサンプルを用いて、スパークプラグのサンプルで生じた放電の全回数(ここでは、100回)に対する、中心電極と第2接地電極との間で生じた放電の回数の割合(以下「第2放電割合」と呼ぶ)を、測定した。なお、放電は、中心電極と第1接地電極との間、または、中心電極と第2接地電極との間で、生じる。以下の表1は、測定結果を示している。
1)中心電極のチップ28の外径 : 2.2mm
2)円筒チップ98の内径 : 2.8mm
3)第2ギャップサイズdg2 : 0.3mm
4つのサンプルの間では、第1ギャップサイズdg1が、互いに異なっている。第1接地電極の曲げ状態(例えば、曲げ半径等)を調整することによって、第1ギャップサイズdg1が調整されている。
スパークプラグのサンプルを用いた第2評価試験について説明する。第2評価試験では、スパークプラグのサンプルを搭載した内燃機関を1000時間に亘って運転した後のスパークプラグ(「使用後スパークプラグ」と呼ぶ)で沿面放電が生じる割合を測定した。
1)中心電極のチップ28の外形 : 2.2mm
2)円筒チップ98の内径 : 2.8mm
3)第1初期ギャップサイズdg1 : 0.3mm
4)第2初期ギャップサイズdg2 : 0.3mm
4つのサンプルの間では、最短距離hが、互いに異なっている。絶縁碍子10の脚部13の中心軸CLに沿った長さを調整することによって、最短距離hが調整されている。
図4は、スパークプラグの第2実施例を示す概略図である。図4(A)は、図2(A)と同様の断面図を示し、図4(B)は、図2(B)と同様の断面図を示し、図4(C)は、図2(C)と同様の概略図を示し、図4(D)は、図2(D)と同様の概略図を示している。第1実施例のスパークプラグ100からの差異は、2つある。第1の差異は、第1実施例の第1接地電極30の母材32が、表面を形成する表面層36と、表面層36の内部に形成された芯部37と、に置換されている点である。第2の差異は、第1実施例の支持部92が、表面を形成する表面層96と、表面層96の内部に形成された芯部97と、に置換されている点である。第2実施例のスパークプラグ100aの他の構成は、第1実施例のスパークプラグ100の構成と、同じである(図中では、同じ構成には、同じ符号を付して、説明を省略する)。例えば、ギャップg1、g2を形成するチップ28、38、98の配置は、図2に示す実施例での配置と、同じである。なお、図4(C)中では、芯部37が、ハッチングで示されている。図4(D)中では、芯部97が、ハッチングで示されている。
図5は、スパークプラグの第3実施例を示す概略図である。図5(A)は、図4(A)と同様の断面図を示し、図5(B)は、図4(B)と同様の断面図を示し、図5(C)は、図4(C)と同様の概略図を示し、図5(D)は、図4(D)と同様の概略図を示している。第2実施例のスパークプラグ100aからの差異は、以下の3点である。
1)第1の差異は、主体金具50の大内径部501が省略されている点である。
2)第2の差異は、第2接地電極90bの支持部92b(ここでは、表面層96b)が、径方向の外側に向かって、主体金具50bの先端部501bの外周面の位置まで延びている点である。
3)第3の差異は、第1接地電極30bが、第2接地電極90bの支持部92bの第1方向D1側の表面92bsに接合されている点である。図5(B)、図5(C)に示すように、中心軸CLに平行な方向を向いて見た場合、第1接地電極30bが主体金具50bとの接合部分から中心軸CLに向かって延びる方向は、第2接地電極90bの延びる方向(ここでは、Y方向Dy)に平行である。
第3実施例のスパークプラグ100bの他の構成は、第2実施例のスパークプラグ100aの構成と同じである(図中では、同じ構成には、同じ符号を付して、説明を省略する)。例えば、第3実施例の主体金具50bの構成は、大内径部501を形成する部分が省略された点を除いて、第1と第2の実施例の主体金具50の構成と同じである。ギャップg1、g2を形成するチップ28、38、98の配置は、図2、図4に示す実施例での配置と、同じである。
図6は、スパークプラグの第4実施例を示す概略図である。図6(A)は、図5(A)と同様の断面図を示し、図6(B)は、図5(B)と同様の断面図を示し、図6(C)は、図5(C)と同様の概略図を示し、図6(D)は、図5(D)と同様の概略図を示している。第3実施例のスパークプラグ100bからの差異は、主体金具50cと支持部92cとの接合面がステップ状に変化している点だけである。スパークプラグ100cの他の構成は、第3実施例のスパークプラグ100bの構成と同じである(図中では、同じ構成には、同じ符号を付して、説明を省略する)。例えば、第4実施例の主体金具50cの構成は、先端部501cの形状が異なる点を除いて、第1と第2の実施例の主体金具50の構成と同じである。また、第4実施例の第2接地電極90cの構成は、支持部92cの端部921cの形状(主体金具50cに接合される部分の形状)が図5(B)の支持部92bの端部921bの形状(主体金具50bに接合される部分の形状)と異なる点を除いて、図5(A)の第2接地電極90bの構成と同じである。ギャップg1、g2を形成するチップ28、38、98の配置は、図2、図4、図5の実施例の配置と同じである。なお、図6(B)の右側には、主体金具50cと第2接地電極90cとの接合部分の拡大図が示されている。
(1)上記各実施例において、第1接地電極は、ニッケル、または、ニッケル合金で形成された部分である第1ニッケル部分を含み、第1ニッケル部分のニッケル含有量は、90重量%以上であることが好ましい。例えば、上述の実施例では、図2(A)の母材32と、図4(A)、図5(B)、図6(B)の表面層36、36bとが、それぞれ、第1ニッケル部分に対応する。ニッケル含有量を増大することによって、第1接地電極の熱伝導率を向上することができる。従って、内燃機関の運転時に、第1接地電極から主体金具へ容易に熱を逃がすことができるので、第1接地電極の温度が高くなることと、第1接地電極の温度が高い状態が長く続くこととを、抑制できる。この結果、第1接地電極の消耗(例えば、第1接地電極の表面の酸化)を抑制できる。ただし、第1接地電極の第1ニッケル部分のニッケル含有量が、90重量%未満であってもよい。
Claims (7)
- 軸線方向に延びる中心電極と、
前記軸線方向に延びる軸孔を有し、前記軸孔に前記中心電極が挿設される絶縁体と、
前記絶縁体の外周に配置される主体金具と、
前記主体金具と電気的に導通し、前記中心電極の先端面との間で第1ギャップを形成する第1接地電極と、
前記主体金具と電気的に導通し、前記主体金具に接合され、前記主体金具から前記中心電極の側面と対向する位置まで延び、前記中心電極の側面と自身の内周面との間で環状の第2ギャップを形成する第2接地電極と、
を備えたスパークプラグであって、
前記第2ギャップの大きさに対する前記第1ギャップの大きさの割合は、0.80以上、かつ、1.25以下である、
スパークプラグ。 - 請求項1に記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記第1接地電極は、ニッケル、または、ニッケル合金で形成された部分である第1ニッケル部分を含み、前記第1ニッケル部分のニッケル含有量は、90重量%以上であり、
前記第2接地電極は、ニッケル、または、ニッケル合金で形成された部分である第2ニッケル部分を含み、前記第2ニッケル部分のニッケル含有量は、90重量%以上である、
スパークプラグ。 - 請求項1または2に記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記第1接地電極と前記第2接地電極との少なくとも一方は、自身の表面を形成する表面層と、該表面層よりも内部に形成され、該表面層よりも熱伝導率が大きい芯部とを含む、
スパークプラグ。 - 請求項3に記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記第1接地電極は、前記第2接地電極に接合されている、
スパークプラグ - 請求項1ないし4のいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記第2接地電極の表面と、前記絶縁体の表面と、の間の最短距離は、前記第1ギャップの大きさと前記第2ギャップの大きさとのうちの最大値の2倍以上である、スパークプラグ。 - 請求項1ないし5のいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記第1接地電極は、前記第1ギャップを形成する位置に貴金属または貴金属合金からなる第1貴金属部を有し、
前記第2接地電極は、前記第2ギャップを形成する位置に貴金属または貴金属合金からなる第2貴金属部を有し、
前記中心電極のうちの、少なくとも、前記第1貴金属部との間で前記第1ギャップを形成する第一部位と、前記第2貴金属部との間で前記第2ギャップを形成する第二部位とは、貴金属または貴金属合金で形成されている、
スパークプラグ。 - 請求項6に記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記貴金属または貴金属合金は、イリジウム、または、イリジウム合金である、
スパークプラグ。
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| US20100133976A1 (en) * | 2008-11-30 | 2010-06-03 | Max Siegel | Maxx fire spark plug |
| EP2525452B1 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2020-05-13 | NGK Sparkplug Co., Ltd. | Spark plug and method of manufacturing spark plug |
| JP5031915B1 (ja) * | 2011-04-25 | 2012-09-26 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スパークプラグ及びその製造方法 |
-
2014
- 2014-05-21 EP EP14800991.3A patent/EP3001520B1/en active Active
- 2014-05-21 WO PCT/JP2014/063470 patent/WO2014189079A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2014-05-21 JP JP2014534863A patent/JP5730447B1/ja active Active
- 2014-05-21 US US14/787,508 patent/US9368944B2/en active Active
- 2014-05-21 CN CN201480029269.0A patent/CN105229878B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08315955A (ja) * | 1995-03-16 | 1996-11-29 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | 内燃機関用スパークプラグ |
| JP2003257585A (ja) | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-12 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | ガスエンジン用スパークプラグ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3001520A1 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
| US20160087411A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
| EP3001520A4 (en) | 2017-01-25 |
| CN105229878A (zh) | 2016-01-06 |
| JP5730447B1 (ja) | 2015-06-10 |
| JPWO2014189079A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
| CN105229878B (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
| US9368944B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 |
| EP3001520B1 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
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