WO2014188911A1 - 光分解性架橋剤、光分解性ゲル、細胞培養器具、細胞配列・分別装置、細胞配列方法、細胞分別方法、組織体形成方法および組織体 - Google Patents
光分解性架橋剤、光分解性ゲル、細胞培養器具、細胞配列・分別装置、細胞配列方法、細胞分別方法、組織体形成方法および組織体 Download PDFInfo
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- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
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- C12M23/20—Material Coatings
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
- C08G65/333—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C08G65/33379—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitro group
- C08G65/33386—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitro group cyclic
- C08G65/33389—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitro group cyclic aromatic
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
- C08G65/333—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
- C08G65/333—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C08G65/33331—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen containing imide group
- C08G65/33337—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing nitrogen containing imide group cyclic
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- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/40—Polyamides containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/0068—General culture methods using substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
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- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/30—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges biodegradable
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N2537/00—Supports and/or coatings for cell culture characterised by physical or chemical treatment
- C12N2537/10—Cross-linking
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the field of material engineering, and in particular, a photodegradable crosslinking agent that can be used for the production of complex and fine three-dimensional structures, and a photodegradable gel, cell culture instrument, and cell using the same
- the present invention relates to an arrangement / sorting device, a cell arranging method, a cell sorting method, a tissue body forming method, and a tissue body.
- Non-patent Document 1 the cost of developing pharmaceuticals has been increasing exponentially according to the law of “Erom's Law” (Non-patent Document 1). Considering the increasing probability of dropout in clinical trials (Non-Patent Document 2) and the problem of species differences in animal experiments, in vitro assays using cultured cells will become increasingly important in the future. It is thought to come. At present, cell assays are used in a wide range of drug discovery screenings due to the spread of high-throughput systems. In recent years, liquid handling technologies such as an ink jet method can be used, and further higher throughput is progressing. In addition, the technology trend has shifted to high content, where more information can be acquired in a single assay.
- the environment surrounding the cells is very different from the environment in the animal body. There was a problem of being.
- the next generation of cell assay technology can be achieved by artificially reconstructing a tissue that mimics the three-dimensional structure in vivo, and applying a more reliable assay using a more functional tissue. Vivo-vitro correlation is expected.
- One of the cell culture methods is a method using hydrogel.
- Hydrogel has excellent characteristics as a cell carrier, such as high water content, easy adjustment of mechanical properties, and excellent nutrient diffusibility (Non-patent Document 3).
- a hydrodegradable gel that is photodegradable by incorporating a photodegradable group into the molecule and that can be processed by light has been developed.
- Examples of the photodegradable gel include those having polyethylene glycol as the main chain and a nitrobenzyl group in the molecule (Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 4).
- Non-patent Documents 5 and 6 The physical properties of hydrogels formed from polymer monomers having such a structure can be controlled temporally and spatially by light irradiation (Non-patent Documents 5 and 6), and photolysis is compatible with living cells. (Non-patent Documents 4 and 7).
- the photodegradable gels reported so far are gelled using radical polymerization, they may be deteriorated by the influence of oxygen when polymerized in the presence of oxygen.
- radicals cause damage to cells and physiologically active substances, and polymer compounds that can be used as the main chain are limited to polymerized monomers that can be radically polymerized, so their use is limited. There was a problem such as.
- the inventors have developed a photodegradable crosslinking agent capable of forming a photodegradable gel by causing a crosslinking reaction only by mixing with a polymer compound without using radical polymerization (Patent Document 2).
- the gel In a conventional photodegradable gel that can be polymerized without using a radical polymerization reaction, the gel may swell due to absorption of the solvent and the gel may collapse, and the intended structure may not be constructed. Moreover, there exists a problem that the intensity
- the concentration of the compound constituting the gel As a method for easily increasing the strength of the gel, the concentration of the compound constituting the gel may be increased. However, when the concentration is increased, the moisture content of the gel is decreased.
- the gel strength can be increased by reducing the molecular weight of the compound constituting the polymer, but the solubility of the gel in water decreases, and the production It is difficult to handle at the time of use and at the time of use, and the gel state tends to be uneven.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is a photodegradable material having an appropriate water content as a cell carrier, moderate water solubility, and strength capable of constructing a complicated and fine three-dimensional structure.
- An object is to provide a photodegradable crosslinking agent capable of producing a gel. Further, a photodegradable gel having the photodegradable cross-linking agent, a cell culture instrument having the photodegradable gel, a cell arrangement / sorting apparatus using the cell culture instrument, and a cell arrangement method using the cell culture instrument, It is an object of the present invention to provide a cell sorting method, a tissue body using the photodegradable gel, and a tissue body forming method.
- the present invention is as follows.
- the benzyl group is a photodegradable crosslinking agent having an active ester group having reactivity with an amino group or a hydroxyl group and one or more nitro groups on the benzene ring of the benzyl group.
- [6] Obtained by reacting the photodegradable crosslinking agent according to any one of [1] to [5] and a polymer compound having a total of two or more amino groups or hydroxyl groups in the molecule, A photodegradable gel, wherein an amino group or a hydroxyl group of the polymer compound is crosslinked by condensation with an active ester group of the photodegradable crosslinking agent.
- the polymer compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, basic polysaccharides, proteins, and derivatives thereof. Degradable gel.
- the cell culture instrument according to [10] or [11], and an irradiation unit that irradiates light to the cell culture instrument includes a light source, and an irradiation region adjusting unit that irradiates only an arbitrary region on the surface of the cell culture instrument with light from the light source.
- a cell sorting method comprising a step of sorting cells and cells in a region other than the partial region.
- a cell arrangement method comprising a step of arranging cells.
- a photodegradable gel having a water content suitable as a cell carrier, moderate water solubility, and strength capable of constructing a complicated and fine three-dimensional structure is combined. Manufacturing is realized, and formation of a complex body having a complicated and fine three-dimensional structure and a highly reliable cell assay system closer to a biological environment are realized. Therefore, the present invention contributes to the development of regenerative medicine technology and the development of new medicines.
- 2 is a photograph of a gelatin-based photodegradable gel of the present invention that has been pattern-resolved by light irradiation.
- 2 is a photograph of a polyethylene glycol-based photodegradable gel of the present invention that has been subjected to pattern decomposition by light irradiation. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the decomposition depth to the thickness direction of the photodegradable gel of this invention (irradiation energy: 1.5 J / cm ⁇ 2 >). It is a figure which shows the measurement result of the decomposition depth to the thickness direction of the photodegradable gel of this invention (irradiation energy: 9.0J / cm ⁇ 2 >).
- FIG. 4 shows phase contrast images for HUVECs cells on a photodegradable gel prepared from gelatin and cross-linking agents with varying concentrations. The bar in the figure is 400 ⁇ m (culture period 1 day).
- FIG. 4 shows phase contrast images for HUVECs cells on a photodegradable gel prepared from gelatin and cross-linking agents with varying concentrations.
- the bar in the figure is 400 ⁇ m (culture period 3 days). It is a figure which shows the influence which light irradiation and the decomposition
- the photodegradable cross-linking agent of the present invention comprises a polyethylene glycol main chain having 3 or more branched chains, and a photodegradable benzyl group disposed at the terminal thereof,
- the benzyl group is a compound having an active ester group reactive to an amino group or a hydroxyl group and one or more nitro groups in the benzene ring of the benzyl group.
- the compound represented by following General formula (1) is mentioned, for example.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, Z, —O (CH 2 CH 2 O) n —Z, or a linear or branched group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a plurality of A 1 represent a linking group and each independently represents a single bond or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, One or two or more non-adjacent —CH 2 — in the alkyl group are each independently —CH ⁇ CH—, —C ⁇ C—, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO. -Or may be substituted by a cyclohexylene group.
- p represents an integer of 1 or more, and a plurality of R 2 and R 4 may be the same or different. It is assumed that at least three of R 1 to R 4 include Z, and two or more R are —O (CH 2 CH 2 O) n —Z.
- the photodegradable cross-linking agent of the present invention has three or more branched chains, an active ester group disposed at the branch end of the branched chain, and a polymer compound that reacts with the active ester group There are sufficiently many cross-linking points (per molecule of the cross-linking agent). Therefore, the photodegradable crosslinking agent of the present invention makes it possible to obtain a photodegradable gel having an appropriate strength.
- the photodegradable crosslinking agent of the present invention has a group containing a photodegradable nitrobenzyl group, as represented by traditional photolithography and a recent two-photon excitation processing method, It can be applied to microfabrication technology using light.
- the photodegradable crosslinking agent of the present invention makes it possible to obtain a photodegradable gel that can be finely processed by light irradiation. Therefore, if the photodegradable crosslinking agent of the present invention is used, it is possible to construct a gel having a complicated and fine three-dimensional structure.
- the average repeating number n of polyethylene glycol of the polyethylene glycol branched chain contained in the photodegradable crosslinking agent represented by the general formula (1) is in the range of 20 to 500, and more preferably in the range of 30 to 250. More preferably, it is in the range of 40 to 125.
- Z is a photodegradable benzyl group.
- the benzyl group has an active ester group having reactivity with an amino group or a hydroxyl group and one or more nitro groups in the benzene ring.
- the benzyl group is preferably a group represented by the following general formula (2) or (3).
- B 1 represents a group represented by — (CH 2 ) m —C ( ⁇ O) —NH—
- m represents an integer of 0 to 5
- An asterisk represents a bonding position with an oxygen atom of ethylene glycol.
- R 5 represents hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a methyl group.
- R 6 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and is a straight chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms Are more preferable, and a methoxy group is particularly preferable.
- R 7 represents an active ester group having reactivity with an amino group or a hydroxyl group, preferably an N-hydroxysuccinimide derivative, and more preferably a derivative represented by the following general formula (4).
- the asterisk represents the bonding position with the carbon atom of the benzene ring.
- q represents an integer of 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 2 to 5, and particularly preferably 3.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) the compound is preferably a compound represented by the following general formulas (7) and (8).
- n, Z, A 1 , R 1 to R 4 , and p are the same as those in the general formula (1).
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (9).
- Z, A 1 and R 1 to R 4 are the same as those in the general formula (1).
- the compound represented by the general formula (9) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (10) or (11).
- n and Z are the same as those in the general formula (1).
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (12).
- Z is the same as that in the general formula (1).
- p 1 represents an integer of 1 or more.
- the compound represented by the general formula (12) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (13) or (14).
- n and Z are the same as those in the general formula (1). Since 4-branched or 8-branched polyethylene glycol (or derivatives) are easy to synthesize and are easily available, in the compound represented by the general formula (1), the polyethylene glycol is 4-branched or 8-branched ( The number of branched chains is preferably 4 or 8. That is, the photodegradable crosslinking agent of the present invention is more preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (15) or (16).
- the polyethylene glycol has a neopentyl skeleton, and compounds represented by the formulas (17) and (18) are particularly preferable.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the compound represented by the formula (17).
- the photodegradable crosslinking agent 1 includes a main chain 2 made of branched polyethylene glycol (PEG), and a photodegradable cross-linker disposed on the terminal side of the branched main chain 2. It consists of a group 3 containing a nitrobenzyl group and an active ester group 4 arranged on the terminal side of the group 3 containing a nitrobenzyl group, which has a 4-branched polyethylene glycol branch chain, and the polyethylene glycol branch chain is the center. Has a neopentyl skeleton.
- the main chain 2 is polyethylene glycol (PEG).
- the group 3 containing a nitrobenzyl group is bonded to the main chain 2 via the amide bond portion 5 (—NHCO—).
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) includes a polyethylene glycol main chain having three or more branched chains, and a photodegradable benzyl group disposed at the end of the branched chain, and the benzyl group Is a compound having an active ester group reactive to an amino group or a hydroxyl group and one or more nitro groups in the benzene ring of the benzyl group.
- positions an active ester group to the said benzyl group is demonstrated.
- R 7a represents an active ester group having reactivity with an amino group or a hydroxyl group.
- the group represented by the general formula (1-c) is 1.0 to 2.0 with respect to the group represented by the general formula (1-a) and the compound represented by the general formula (1-a).
- the compound represented by the general formula (19) in a double molar amount is treated in a solvent at a temperature of 0 to 200 ° C. for several tens of minutes to 24 hours, and after removing the solvent, the compound is represented by the general formula (1-b).
- the compound represented by the general formula (20) is 1.0 to 2.0 times the molar amount of the compound represented by the general formula (1-b) after precipitation and purification. It can be obtained by treatment in a solvent in the presence of a catalyst at a temperature of 0 to 200 ° C. for several tens of minutes to 24 hours and isolation.
- the catalyst is preferably 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC).
- the group represented by the general formula (1-a) is preferably the following general formula (21).
- n and m are the same as those in the general formulas (1) to (3).
- the group represented by the general formula (1-c) is preferably the following general formula (22).
- n, B 1 , R 5 to R 6 , and q are the same as those in the general formulas (1) to (4).
- the photodegradable gel of the present invention is obtained by reacting the photodegradable crosslinking agent of the present invention and a polymer compound having a total of two or more amino groups or hydroxyl groups in the molecule.
- the photodegradable gel is characterized in that a group or a hydroxyl group is crosslinked by condensation with an active ester group of the photodegradable crosslinking agent.
- the polymer compound is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, basic polysaccharide, protein, and derivatives thereof.
- polymer compound branched polyethylene glycol or a derivative thereof, or gelatin as the protein is more preferable.
- Polyethylene glycol is preferred because it has little interaction with cells and the polymer compound itself is soluble in water. Among them, it is preferable to use branched polyethylene glycol or a derivative thereof because a network structure is easily formed and gelation easily proceeds.
- the number of branches of the branched polyethylene glycol (or derivative) is preferably 3 or more. In particular, 4-branched polyethylene glycol (or a derivative) is preferable because it is easily available.
- the polyethylene glycol (or derivative) desirably has an amino group at the terminal.
- the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol (or derivative) is preferably in the range of 10,000 to 40,000.
- Collagen which is the main component of gelatin, is preferable as a cell scaffolding protein because it is a main component of the extracellular matrix of multicellular organisms (animals), and is also preferable because it may promote cell proliferation and differentiation.
- the type of gelatin used is not particularly limited, but type A gelatin obtained by acid treatment of bovine or pig skin-derived raw materials is preferred.
- the strength of gelatin is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200 to 400 bloom, more preferably 250 to 350 bloom.
- chitosan As the basic polysaccharide, chitosan is preferable.
- the amino group or hydroxyl group of the polymer compound is condensed and crosslinked with the active ester group of the photodegradable crosslinking agent.
- the amino group forms an amide bond with the active ester group of the photodegradable crosslinking agent, and the hydroxyl group forms an ester bond with the active ester group.
- a network structure is formed, gelation proceeds, and a photodegradable gel is generated.
- the crosslinking reaction occurs only by mixing the polymer compound and the photodegradable gel, and the gelation proceeds.
- the reaction temperature may be room temperature. Further, since the crosslinking reaction in the present invention is not affected by dissolved oxygen, it is easy to form a thin film gel.
- the amount of photodegradable crosslinking agent added to the polymer compound can be freely set within the range of gelation.
- the molar ratio of the amino group of the compound to the active ester group of the photodegradable crosslinking agent is preferably about 1: 1.
- the mixing ratio of the polymer compound and the photodegradable crosslinking agent is, for example, when using a 4-branched amino-terminated polyethylene glycol (or a derivative thereof) as the polymer compound and using a 4-branched photodegradable crosslinking agent,
- the molar ratio (polymer compound: photodegradable crosslinking agent) is preferably in the range of 4: 1 to 1: 4, and the molar ratio is more preferably in the range of 2: 1 to 1: 2.
- the amount of the polymer compound used is preferably set to be 2.5% by weight or more in the photodegradable gel. It is preferable to set so that it may contain 1.0 weight% or more in a degradable gel.
- FIG. 3A shows a reaction in which the active ester group 4 arranged on the terminal side of the photodegradable crosslinking agent 1 and the amino group 8 of the polymer compound are condensed to form an amide bond 9 to be crosslinked. .
- FIG. 3B schematically shows a reaction for generating the photodegradable gel 10 by reacting the photodegradable crosslinking agent with the polymer compound 6.
- the polymer compound 6 is a 4-branched polyethylene glycol derivative having an amino group 8 at the terminal.
- the amino group of the polymer compound 6 is condensed and crosslinked with the active ester group 4 of the photodegradable crosslinking agent 1.
- the polymer compound 6 is bonded to the other polymer compound 6 via the photodegradable crosslinking agent 1 to produce a photodegradable gel 10 having a network structure.
- FIG. 3C schematically shows a reaction for producing a photodegradable gel 10 ′ by reacting the photodegradable crosslinking agent with the polymer compound 7.
- the polymer compound 7 is gelatin having an amino group 8 in the molecule.
- the amino group of the polymer compound 7 is condensed and crosslinked with the active ester group 4 of the photodegradable crosslinking agent 1.
- the polymer compound 7 is bonded to the other polymer compound 7 via the photodegradable crosslinking agent 1 to generate a photodegradable gel 10 ′ having a network structure.
- the photodegradable gel of the present invention is decomposed when the photodegradable crosslinking agent 1 is decomposed by light irradiation.
- FIG. 4A shows the decomposition of the nitrobenzyl group of the photodegradable crosslinking agent.
- the group 3 containing a nitrobenzyl group can be decomposed at the position of the broken line by irradiation with light such as ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 330 to 380 nm.
- the group 3 containing a nitrobenzyl group is cleaved at the bond with the amino group of the amide bond portion 5 to become a nitrobenzyl group 3 ′.
- the bond between the group 3 containing the nitrobenzyl group and the active ester group 4 may be cleaved by the light irradiation.
- 4B and 4C schematically show how the photodegradable gels 10 and 10 'are decomposed by light irradiation, respectively. When the photodegradable gel is decomposed, the photodegradable gel is dissolved in water.
- the photodegradable crosslinking agent having the above structure since the photodegradable crosslinking agent having the above structure is used, a crosslinking reaction occurs only by mixing with a polymer compound, and gelation proceeds.
- the conventional photoresponsive gel and photodegradable gel production process that is gelled by using radical polymerization, if oxygen is present during the polymerization, the polymerization reaction is inhibited and the gelation does not proceed. This phenomenon becomes prominent particularly when a thin-film gel is prepared.
- the photodegradable crosslinking agent of the present invention is not affected by oxygen at all during the crosslinking reaction, such polymerization reaction inhibition does not occur.
- a radical polymerization reaction it may be possible to prepare a thin-film gel if the reaction is carried out under an oxygen-free atmosphere.
- the photodegradable cross-linking agent of the present invention in order to perform the polymerization reaction under an oxygen-free condition. Equipment is required and the manufacturing process is complicated.
- an oxygen-free atmosphere condition is not required, so that the manufacturing process of the thin film gel is simple, and the photodegradable gel can be prepared efficiently and at low cost.
- radical polymerization since radical polymerization is not used for the cross-linking reaction, it is possible to prepare a photodegradable gel in a state in which substances that are easily damaged by radicals are mixed. Therefore, the photodegradable gel can be used for a wide range of applications, for example, for immobilizing cells and physiologically active substances.
- a polymer of a monomer that cannot cope with radical polymerization can also be used as the polymer compound, there is an advantage that the selection range of the polymer compound is wide.
- the photodegradable gel of the present invention Since the photodegradable gel of the present invention has an appropriate strength and photodegradability, it is possible to apply a fine processing technique using light, as represented by traditional photolithography and the recent two-photon excitation processing method. Adaptable.
- the photodegradable gel of the present invention can achieve an appropriate water content as a cell carrier while having an appropriate strength. Therefore, the photodegradable gel of the present invention can be used as a cell carrier having a complicated and fine three-dimensional structure, and is a very useful material.
- the cell culture instrument of the present invention is a cell culture instrument characterized in that a layer comprising the photodegradable gel of the present invention is formed on the surface of a cell culture substrate.
- the thickness of the photodegradable gel layer is preferably 100 nm to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 300 nm to 30 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 1000 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
- the constituent material of the cell culture substrate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include plastic, glass, modified glass, and metal.
- suitable plastics include styrene resins (for example, polystyrene (PS)), acrylic resins (for example, polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA)), polyvinyl pyridine resins (poly (4-vinylpyridine), 4-vinyl. Pyridine-styrene copolymer, etc.), silicone resin (eg, polydimethylsiloxane resin), polyolefin resin (eg, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polymethylpentene resin), polyester resin (polyethylene terephthalate resin (PET)), polycarbonate type Resins, epoxy resins, etc.
- the cell culture substrate is preferably a substrate having a structure similar to that of a cell culture dish or microplate generally used for cell culture. It is preferable that at least the surface of the cell culture substrate is made of polystyrene or a cell adhesive material
- the cell adhesive material is preferably a cell adhesive protein or a cell adhesive peptide.
- the cell adhesion protein is more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of fibronectin, collagen, gelatin and laminin, and gelatin is particularly preferable.
- the cell adhesion peptide preferably has an amino acid sequence of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD sequence).
- the cell culture instrument of the present invention is a cell culture instrument characterized in that a layer comprising the photodegradable gel of the present invention is formed on the surface of a cell culture substrate.
- the photodegradable gel of the present invention is a material suitable as a cell carrier capable of constructing a complicated and fine three-dimensional structure. Cell culture and processing can be performed using only the photodegradable gel of the present invention, but the cell culture and gel can be formed by forming the photodegradable gel of the present invention on the surface of the cell culture substrate. Is easier to process.
- FIG. 5 is an example of the cell arrangement / sorting apparatus of the present invention, and includes a holding table 12 that holds the cell culture instrument 11 and an irradiation unit 13 that irradiates the cell culture instrument 11 with light.
- the irradiation unit 13 includes a light source (not shown), an irradiation region adjustment unit 14 that irradiates only an arbitrary partial region of the cell culture instrument 11, and a control unit 15 such as a personal computer.
- the irradiation region adjustment unit 14 can irradiate the cell culture instrument 11 with light having a predetermined pattern 16.
- the pattern 16 is displayed on the display device 17.
- the irradiation area adjustment unit 14 includes, for example, a DMD (Digital Micromirror Device).
- the DMD has a plurality of micromirrors, and each micromirror can be independently set in angle by a signal from the control unit 15, and reflects light from the light source, thereby pattern light according to the signal.
- 18 can be irradiated to the cell culture instrument 11.
- the irradiation region adjustment unit 14 can irradiate light 18 to an arbitrary region of the cell culture instrument 11 through the lens 19, the mirror 20, and the lens 21. It is possible to irradiate the light 18 only to a partial region of the arbitrary shape of the cell culture instrument 11 or to irradiate the entire region with the light 18.
- a light source capable of decomposing the photodegradable crosslinking agent is selected.
- a light source capable of irradiating light such as ultraviolet light and visible light (for example, ultraviolet lamp, visible light lamp, etc.) can be used.
- the wavelength range of light is 200 to 1000 nm. In particular, 300 to 600 nm, particularly 350 to 400 nm is preferable.
- the irradiation energy is usually 0.01 to 1000 J / cm 2 , preferably 0.1 to 100 J / cm 2 , more preferably 1 to 10 J / cm 2 .
- the configuration for irradiating only a partial region of the cell culture substrate with light is not limited to DMD, and a liquid crystal shutter array, a light spatial modulation element, a photomask having a predetermined shape, or the like can be employed.
- the cell arrangement / sorting device shown in FIG. 5 can be used as a cell arrangement device that arranges cells in a partial region irradiated with light, as described later, and cells in the light irradiation region and other regions. It can also be used as a sorting device for sorting cells in a cell.
- the photodegradable gel of the present invention is a material that can construct a complicated and fine three-dimensional structure by light irradiation and can be used as a cell carrier. Therefore, the cell arrangement / sorting apparatus of the present invention can realize three-dimensional and highly accurate cell arrangement, cell culture, and cell sorting by combining a fine processing technique using light and a cell culture technique. In addition, since cell arrangement, cell culture and cell sorting can be performed simultaneously, it is possible to sort and arrange cells while grasping a three-dimensional cell state.
- the cells to be sorted in the present invention are not particularly limited, and animal-derived cells (for example, human cells), plant-derived cells, microorganism-derived cells, and the like can be used depending on the purpose.
- animal-derived cells for example, human cells
- plant-derived cells for example, plant-derived cells
- microorganism-derived cells and the like can be used depending on the purpose.
- somatic stem cells such as hematopoietic stem cells, myeloid stem cells, neural stem cells, and skin stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells.
- leukocytes such as neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes (T cells, NK cells, B cells, etc.), platelets, erythrocytes, vascular endothelial cells, lymphoid stem cells, erythroblasts
- blood cells such as myeloblasts, monoblasts, megakaryocytes and megakaryocytes, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, liver parenchymal cells, pancreatic islet cells, etc.
- various cell lines established for research purposes Can also be the subject of the present invention.
- the term “cells adhere (adhere)” means that the cells do not move from the position even by a certain physical stimulus such as washing with a culture medium or a buffer solution.
- a certain physical stimulus such as washing with a culture medium or a buffer solution.
- a state in which the plate does not move by a cleaning operation with a predetermined shear stress (for example, 0.1 to 10 N / m 2 ) due to a flow of a culture medium or a buffer solution can be referred to as an “adhesion state” (adhesion state).
- the cell arrangement and fractionation method of the present invention is a method for selectively decomposing a photodegradable gel of a partial region by irradiating light only to the partial region of a cell culture instrument. Is accompanied by processing.
- the photodegradable gel is two-dimensionally processed by selectively decomposing the photodegradable gel.
- the photodegradable gel is processed three-dimensionally.
- the photodegradable gel layer contained in the light-irradiated part may decompose all the gels or can arbitrarily change the decomposition depth in the Z-axis direction without decomposing all the gels. is there.
- FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of the cell culture instrument 30.
- a photodegradable gel layer 32 is formed on the surface of the cell culture substrate 31.
- the surface of the cell culture substrate 31 is preferably made of a material having low cell adhesion, such as glass or silicone resin.
- the photodegradable gel layer preferably has high cell adhesiveness, and the polymer compound cross-linked with the photodegradable crosslinking agent of the present invention contained in the photodegradable gel layer is the cell adhesive protein. preferable.
- the photodegradable gel layer 32 may be a mixed material obtained by mixing a photodegradable gel and the cell adhesive material.
- the region A1 that is a part of the photodegradable gel layer 32 of the cell culture instrument 30 is irradiated with light through the photomask 35 to decompose the photodegradable gel layer 32 in the region A1.
- the photodegradable gel in this region A1 is solubilized and removed from the surface of the cell culture substrate 31 by washing, and the photodegradable gel layer 32 is processed three-dimensionally.
- the cells 34 adhere only to the surface 33 of the photodegradable gel layer 32 and the surface 33 ′ newly formed by light irradiation.
- the cells 34 that have not adhered to the surfaces 33 and 33 ′ of the photodegradable gel layer 32 can be removed from the cell culture instrument 30 by washing with a medium or a buffer solution. Thereby, the cells 34 can be selectively arranged on the photodegradable gel layer 32 processed three-dimensionally.
- FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram of the cell culture instrument 40.
- a photodegradable gel layer 42 is formed on the surface of the cell culture substrate 41.
- the surface of the cell culture substrate 41 is preferably a material having high cell adhesion, such as polystyrene.
- a coat layer made of the cell adhesive material may be formed on the cell culture substrate 41.
- the photodegradable gel layer 42 preferably has low cell adhesion, and the polymer compound cross-linked with the photodegradable crosslinking agent of the present invention contained in the photodegradable gel layer 42 is polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, basic It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of polysaccharides, proteins with low cell adhesion, and derivatives of any of these, and branched polyethylene glycol derivatives are particularly preferred.
- the region A1 which is a part of the photodegradable gel layer 42 of the cell culture instrument 40 is irradiated with light through the photomask 35 to decompose the photodegradable gel layer 42 in the region A1.
- the photodegradable gel in this region A1 is solubilized and removed from the surface of the cell culture substrate 41 by washing.
- the cells 34 adhere only to the surface of the cell culture substrate 41 in the region A1 where the photodegradable gel layer 42 is lost.
- the cells 34 that have not adhered to the surface of the cell culture substrate 41 can be removed from the cell culture instrument 30 by washing with a medium, a buffer solution, or the like. Thereby, the cells 34 can be selectively arranged in the region A1.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram of the cell culture instrument 50.
- a photodegradable gel layer 32 is formed on the surface of the cell culture substrate 51.
- the material for the cell culture substrate 51 is not particularly limited, and the above materials can be used.
- the photodegradable gel layer 32 preferably has high cell adhesiveness, and the polymer compound cross-linked with the photodegradable crosslinking agent of the present invention contained in the photodegradable gel layer 32 is the cell adhesive protein. It is preferable.
- the photodegradable gel layer 32 may be a mixed material obtained by mixing a photodegradable gel and the cell adhesive material.
- a coat layer containing the photodegradable gel and cell adhesive protein may be formed on the photodegradable gel layer 32.
- the cells 34 When the cells 34 are seeded in the cell culture instrument 50, the cells 34 adhere to the surface of the photodegradable gel layer 32.
- the region A1 which is a part of the photodegradable gel layer 32 of the cell culture instrument 50 is irradiated with light through the photomask 35 to decompose the photodegradable gel in the region A1.
- the photodegradable gel in this region A1 is solubilized and removed from the surface of the cell culture substrate 51 by washing, and the photodegradable gel layer 32 is processed three-dimensionally.
- the cells 34 attached to the photodegradable gel in the region A1 are also detached from the cell culture substrate 51.
- the detached cells 34 can be selectively removed from the cell culture instrument 50 by washing with a medium, a buffer solution, or the like. Thereby, the cell 34 in the region A1 and the other cells 34 can be separated.
- FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of the cell culture instrument 60.
- a photodegradable gel layer 62 containing cells 34 is formed on the surface of the cell culture substrate 51.
- the material for the cell culture substrate 51 is not particularly limited, and the above materials can be used.
- the polymer compound crosslinked with the photodegradable crosslinking agent of the present invention contained in the photodegradable gel layer 62 is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer compound having a total of two or more amino groups or hydroxyl groups in the molecule. It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, basic polysaccharides, proteins, and derivatives thereof, and may be a branched polyethylene glycol derivative or gelatin. More preferred.
- the region A1 that is a part of the photodegradable gel layer 62 of the cell culture instrument 60 is irradiated with light through the photomask 35 to decompose the photodegradable gel in the region A1.
- the photodegradable gel in this region A1 is solubilized and removed from the surface of the cell culture substrate 51 by washing, and the photodegradable gel layer 62 is processed three-dimensionally.
- the cells 34 encapsulated in the photodegradable gel in the region A1 are also detached from the cell culture substrate 51.
- the detached cells 34 can be selectively removed from the cell culture instrument 60 by washing with a medium, a buffer solution, or the like. Thereby, the cell 34 in the region A1 and the other cells 34 can be separated.
- the cell arrangement method and the cell sorting method described above light is irradiated only to the area A1 of the cell culture instrument 11, so that adverse effects on the cells 34 due to light irradiation can be suppressed as much as possible. For this reason, it can prevent that the extracellular matrix and membrane protein of the cell 34 are impaired, and an organ-specific function can be maintained. For this reason, it is useful in the cell engineering field, the regenerative medicine field, the bio-related industrial field, the tissue engineering field, and the like. In addition, since the cells 34 are sorted by light irradiation only on the area A1, the target cells can be sorted with high accuracy.
- the photodegradable gel of the present invention is a suitable material as a cell carrier capable of constructing a complicated and fine three-dimensional structure, according to the cell arraying method and cell sorting method of the present invention, In addition, highly accurate cell arrangement and cell sorting can be realized.
- the tissue body in the present invention refers to a state in which cells are gathered three-dimensionally, and may include the photodegradable gel of the present invention between cells.
- the cells are preferably cultured for an arbitrary period using the photodegradable gel of the present invention, grown, formed into a desired tissue, or differentiated into a desired state.
- the method for forming a tissue body of the present invention includes a step of forming a photodegradable gel.
- the thickness of the photodegradable gel is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, which is a thickness in which at least two cells can be arranged in the Z-axis direction and a three-dimensional tissue can be formed. . More specifically, it is preferably 20 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
- the photodegradable gel is irradiated with light to decompose part or all of the photodegradable gel, so that at least the photodegradable gel is removed from the tissue body. Some can be removed.
- tissue body forming method the case of using the cell culture instrument of the present invention will be described.
- the tissue body forming method of the present invention only needs to use the photodegradable gel of the present invention. You may implement without using the cell culture instrument.
- a method for forming a tissue body characterized by comprising:
- steps (I) to (IV) may be changed as appropriate, and any of the steps may be performed twice or more.
- FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram of the cell culture instrument 30.
- the cell culture substrate 31 and the photodegradable gel layer 32 can have the same configuration as the cell arrangement method of the first example.
- the region A1 that is a part of the photodegradable gel layer 32 of the cell culture instrument 30 is irradiated with light through the photomask 35 to decompose the photodegradable gel layer 32 in the region A1.
- the photodegradable gel in this region A1 is solubilized and removed from the surface of the cell culture substrate 31 by washing, and the photodegradable gel layer 32 is three-dimensionally processed to take a shape corresponding to the photomask pattern.
- the cells 34 adhere only to the surface 33 of the photodegradable gel layer 32 and the surface 33 ′ newly formed by light irradiation.
- Cells 34 that have not adhered to the surfaces 33 of the photodegradable gel layer 32 can be removed from the cell culture instrument 30 by washing with a medium, a buffer solution, or the like. Thereby, the cells 34 can be selectively arranged on the photodegradable gel layer 32 processed three-dimensionally. Thereafter, when the cells 34 are cultured, the cells 34 can proliferate using the processed photodegradable gel layer 32 as a scaffold, and a tissue body can be formed three-dimensionally on the cell culture instrument 30.
- FIG. 8B is a schematic diagram of the cell culture instrument 40.
- a photodegradable gel layer 42 is formed on the surface of the cell culture substrate 41.
- the cell culture substrate 41 and the photodegradable gel layer 42 can have the same configuration as the cell arrangement method of the second example.
- the cells preferably do not exhibit growth dependent on the adhesion to the substrate, and examples include tumor cells, blood cells, and various stem cells.
- the region A1 which is a part of the photodegradable gel layer 42 of the cell culture instrument 40 is irradiated with light through the photomask 35 to decompose the photodegradable gel layer 42 in the region A1.
- the photodegradable gel in this region A1 is solubilized and removed from the surface of the cell culture substrate 41 by washing, and the photodegradable gel layer 42 is three-dimensionally processed.
- the cells 34 are seeded on the cell culture instrument 40, the cells 34 adhere only to the surface of the cell culture substrate 41 in the region A1 where the photodegradable gel layer 42 is lost.
- the cells 34 that have not adhered to the surface of the cell culture substrate 41 can be removed from the cell culture instrument 30 by washing with a medium, a buffer solution, or the like.
- the cells 34 can be selectively arranged in the region A1. Thereafter, when the cells 34 are cultured, the cells 34 can be grown in a shape defined by the processed photodegradable gel layer 42, and a tissue body can be formed three-dimensionally on the cell culture instrument 40.
- FIG. 8C is a schematic diagram of the cell culture instrument 50.
- the photodegradable gel layer 32 is formed on the surface of the cell culture substrate 51.
- the cell culture substrate 51 and the photodegradable gel layer 32 can have the same configuration as the cell sorting method of the first example. In this case, it is not suitable to form a coat layer containing the photodegradable gel and the cell adhesive protein on the photodegradable gel layer 32.
- the cells 34 When the cells 34 are seeded on the cell culture instrument 50, the cells 34 adhere to the surface of the photodegradable gel layer 32.
- the region A1 which is a part of the photodegradable gel layer 32 of the cell culture instrument 50 is irradiated with light through the photomask 35 to decompose the photodegradable gel in the region A1.
- the photodegradable gel in this region A1 is solubilized and removed from the surface of the cell culture substrate 51 by washing, and the photodegradable gel layer 32 is processed three-dimensionally. Further, the cells 34 attached to the photodegradable gel in the region A1 are also peeled off from the surface of the cell culture substrate 51.
- the detached cells 34 can be selectively removed from the cell culture instrument 50 by washing with a medium, a buffer solution, or the like. Thereby, the cell 34 in the region A1 and the other cells 34 are separated. Thereafter, when the cells 34 are cultured, the cells 34 can proliferate using the processed photodegradable gel layer 32 as a scaffold, and can form a three-dimensional tissue body on the cell culture instrument 50.
- FIG. 8D is a schematic diagram of the cell culture instrument 50.
- the photodegradable gel layer 32 is formed on the surface of the cell culture substrate 51.
- the cell culture substrate 51 and the photodegradable gel layer 32 can have the same configuration as the cell sorting method of the first example. In this case, it is not suitable to form a coat layer containing the photodegradable gel and the cell adhesive protein on the photodegradable gel layer 32.
- the cells 34 When the cells 34 are seeded on the cell culture instrument 50, the cells 34 adhere to the surface of the photodegradable gel layer 32. Thereafter, the cells 34 are cultured, and a cell layer can be formed on the cell culture instrument 50. Further, the region A1 which is a part of the photodegradable gel layer 32 of the cell culture instrument 50 is irradiated with light through the photomask 35 to decompose the photodegradable gel in the region A1. The photodegradable gel in this region A1 is solubilized and removed from the surface of the cell culture substrate 51 by washing, and the photodegradable gel layer 32 is processed three-dimensionally.
- the cells 34 attached to the photodegradable gel in the region A1 are also peeled off from the surface of the cell culture substrate 51.
- the detached cells 34 can be selectively removed from the cell culture instrument 50 by washing with a medium, a buffer solution, or the like. Thereby, cells can be selectively removed from the cell layer on the cell culture instrument 50. Further, by further culturing the cells 34 on the processed gel, the cells 34 can proliferate using the processed photodegradable gel layer 32 as a scaffold, and form a three-dimensional tissue on the cell culture instrument 50. can do.
- the cell culture substrate 51 and the photodegradable gel layer 62 can have the same configuration as the cell sorting method of the second example.
- FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram of the cell culture instrument 60.
- a photodegradable gel layer 62 containing cells 34 is formed on the surface of the cell culture substrate 51.
- the region A1 that is a part of the photodegradable gel layer 62 of the cell culture instrument 60 is irradiated with light through the photomask 35 to decompose the photodegradable gel in the region A1.
- the photodegradable gel in the region A1 is solubilized and removed from the surface of the cell culture substrate 51 by washing, the photodegradable gel layer 62 is three-dimensionally processed, and is included in the photodegradable gel in the region A1.
- the cells 34 thus peeled off from the surface of the cell culture substrate 51.
- the detached cells 34 can be selectively removed from the cell culture instrument 60 by washing with a medium, a buffer solution, or the like. Thereby, the cell 34 in the region A1 and the other cells 34 are separated. Thereafter, when the cells 34 are cultured, the cells 34 can be grown in a shape defined by the processed photodegradable gel layer 62, and a tissue body can be formed three-dimensionally on the cell culture instrument 60.
- FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram of the cell culture instrument 60.
- a photodegradable gel layer 62 in which cells 34 are encapsulated is formed on the surface of the cell culture substrate 51. Thereafter, the cells 34 are cultured, and a cell mass can be formed three-dimensionally on the cell culture instrument 60.
- the region A1 that is a part of the photodegradable gel layer 62 of the cell culture instrument 60 is irradiated with light through the photomask 35 to decompose the photodegradable gel in the region A1.
- the photodegradable gel in the region A1 is solubilized and removed from the surface of the cell culture substrate 51 by washing, the photodegradable gel layer 62 is three-dimensionally processed, and is included in the photodegradable gel in the region A1.
- the cells 34 thus peeled off from the surface of the cell culture substrate 51.
- the detached cells 34 can be selectively removed from the cell culture instrument 60 by washing with a medium, a buffer solution, or the like. Thereby, the cells 34 in the region A1 and the other cells 34 are separated, and the cells can be removed from the cell mass formed three-dimensionally on the cell culture instrument 60. Thereafter, when the cells 34 are cultured, the cells 34 can be grown in a shape defined by the processed photodegradable gel layer 62, and a tissue body can be formed three-dimensionally on the cell culture instrument 60.
- FIG. 9C is a schematic diagram of the cell culture instrument 60.
- a photodegradable gel layer 62 in which cells 34 are encapsulated is formed on the surface of the cell culture substrate 51.
- the region A1 that is a part of the photodegradable gel layer 62 of the cell culture instrument 60 is irradiated with light through the photomask 35 to decompose the photodegradable gel in the region A1.
- the photodegradable gel in this region A1 is solubilized and removed from the surface of the cell culture substrate 51 by washing, and the photodegradable gel layer 62 is processed three-dimensionally.
- the cells 34 encapsulated in the photodegradable gel in the region A1 are also peeled off from the surface of the cell culture substrate 51.
- the detached cells 34 can be selectively removed from the cell culture instrument 60 by washing with a medium, a buffer solution, or the like. Thereby, the cell 34 in the region A1 and the other cells 34 are separated.
- a photodegradable gel layer 72 containing cells 34 ′ different from the cells 34 may be further formed on the cell culture substrate 51 or the photodegradable gel layer 62 exposed by light irradiation. .
- the photodegradable gel layers 62 and 72 can be processed again, for example, by irradiating the region B1 different from the region A1 through the photomask 35. Thereafter, when the cells 34 and 34 'are cultured, the cells 34 and 34' can grow in the shape defined by the processed photodegradable gel layers 62 and 72, and the three-dimensional tissue body is formed on the cell culture instrument 60. Can be formed.
- the photodegradable gel of the present invention is a suitable material as a cell carrier capable of constructing a complicated and fine three-dimensional structure, it has a complicated and fine three-dimensional structure according to the tissue body forming method of the present invention. An organization can be formed. In addition, a highly reliable cell assay system closer to the biological environment is realized.
- Example 1 [Synthesis of photodegradable crosslinking agent] The following is a method for synthesizing a photodegradable crosslinking agent (NHS-PD-4armPEG). N, N-dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) washed 3- (1-piperazino) propyl functionalized silica gel (66 g) in DMSO (130 mL) solution in 4- ⁇ 4- [1- (9-Fluorenylmethylcarbonyl-ethylamino) ethyl] 2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy ⁇ butanoic acid (2.7 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature to reflux for several tens of minutes to 24 hours.
- DMSO N-dimethylsulfoxide
- the precipitate was dissolved in a small amount of THF, slowly dropped into ice-cooled ether, allowed to stand for 1 to 24 hours, and then the precipitate was collected by filtration (repeated twice).
- the precipitate dried under reduced pressure was separated and purified by Sephadex LH-20 (MeOH), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) were added to a THF solution of the obtained compound.
- NHS N-hydroxysuccinimide
- 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) were added to a THF solution of the obtained compound.
- Carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature to reflux for several tens of minutes to 24 hours.
- Photodegradable crosslinking agent solution Photodegradable crosslinking agent (synthesized in Example 1) 10 mM (12.1 w / v%) Solvent (140 mM NaCl, 10 mM aqueous solution of phthalic acid) (photodegradable gel solution) A gelatin solution and a photodegradable crosslinking agent were mixed in equal amounts to obtain a gelatin-based photodegradable gel solution.
- Photodegradable crosslinking agent solution Photodegradable crosslinking agent (synthesized in Example 1) 10 mM (12.1 w / v%) Solvent (140 mM NaCl, 10 mM phthalic acid aqueous solution, pH 4) (photodegradable gel solution) Amino-4arm PEG solution and a photodegradable crosslinking agent were mixed in equal amounts to obtain a polyethylene glycol-based photodegradable gel solution.
- Example 4 The gelatin-based photodegradable gel solution (10-30 ⁇ L) of Example 2 was applied to an amino-coated slide glass (MAS-coated slide glass, Matsunami Glass Industrial Co., Ltd.), and then covered with a slide glass to produce a photodegradable gel. A layer was formed. The thickness of the gel layer was adjusted with a slide glass (thickness: 150 ⁇ m) or a pet film (thickness: 25 ⁇ m). A mask for photolithography was prepared by film-printing a pattern at a resolution of 300 dpi. By placing the above mask between the irradiation apparatus and the slide glass, the gel was selectively exposed to perform photolysis.
- MAS-coated slide glass Matsunami Glass Industrial Co., Ltd.
- FIG. 11 is a photograph of the gelatin-based photodegradable gel of the present invention that was pattern-resolved by light irradiation. It was confirmed that the gelatin-based photodegradable gel of the present invention decomposes with a high resolution (XY plane) up to a diameter of 20 ⁇ m by selective light irradiation to the region A1.
- Example 5 The polyethylene glycol-based photodegradable gel solution (10 to 30 ⁇ L) of Example 3 was applied to an amino-coated slide glass (MAS-coated slide glass, Matsunami Glass Industrial Co., Ltd.), and then covered with a slide glass to be photodegradable. A gel layer was formed. The thickness of the gel layer was adjusted with a slide glass (thickness: 150 ⁇ m) or a pet film (thickness: 25 ⁇ m). Production of the mask and photolysis of the gel were carried out in the same manner as in Example 4.
- FIG. 12 is a photograph of a polyethylene glycol-based photodegradable gel of the present invention that has been pattern decomposed by light irradiation. It was confirmed that the polyethylene glycol-based photodegradable gel of the present invention was decomposed with high resolution (XY plane) to a diameter of 20 ⁇ m by light irradiation to the region A1.
- FIG. 13A is an image of a gel state in which light irradiation is performed on the region A1 with an irradiation energy of 1.5 J / cm 2 to perform photolysis.
- FIG. 13B is an image of a gel state in which light irradiation is performed on the region A1 with an irradiation energy of 9.0 J / cm 2 to perform photolysis. The observation results of the gel surface with an optical microscope are shown in the upper panel of FIG. 13A and the upper panel of FIG. 13B.
- the fluorescent beads were localized on the surface of the gel that had undergone pattern decomposition, and the decomposition shape and the decomposition depth of the gel were measured using a confocal laser microscope.
- the image data obtained by the confocal laser microscope is shown in the middle and lower panels of FIG. 13A and in the middle and lower panels of FIG. 13B.
- the Z-axis plan views at the positions of broken lines (i), (ii) and (iii) in the middle panel of FIG. 13A and the middle panel of FIG. 13B are respectively shown in (i), (ii) and (i) of the lower panel of FIG. Shown in (iii).
- FIG 13C 0.9J / cm 2, 1.5J / cm 2, subjected to light irradiation to the area A1 at irradiation energy of 3.0 J / cm 2 and 9.0J / cm 2, was photolysis
- the greater the irradiation energy the deeper the decomposition depth in the Z-axis direction in the region A1, and the irradiation energy of 9.0 J / cm 2 decomposes to 216 ⁇ m inside the gel. It had been. From these results, it was confirmed that the photodegradable gels of Examples 4 and 5 of the present invention can be finely processed by light irradiation in any axial direction of XYZ.
- Example 6 [Embedding cells in photodegradable gel]
- a cell 34 (mouse fibroblast: NIH-3T3) was added to the amino-4arm PEG solution of Example 3, and a photodegradable crosslinking agent solution was added in the same manner as in Example 3.
- a photodegradable gel containing cells 34 was then added. A solution was obtained. Thereafter, a gel layer 62 containing cells 34 was formed on a slide glass, and pattern decomposition was performed by irradiating the region A1 with light. Formation of the gel layer and pattern decomposition of the gel were performed in the same manner as in Example 4.
- FIG. 14A is a fluorescence observation image of the gel layer 62 before light irradiation.
- 14B is a bright field observation image of the patterned gel layer 62 after light irradiation, and
- FIG. 14C is a fluorescence observation image of FIG. 14B.
- the photodegradable gel of the present invention using the photodegradable cross-linking agent of the present invention can form a fine three-dimensional structure with cells remaining alive in the gel. Therefore, the photodegradable gel of the present invention using the photodegradable crosslinking agent of the present invention is a highly useful tissue engineering material suitable for the formation of complex and fine three-dimensional structures.
- the synthesized NHS-PC-4armPEG cross-linking agent (10 mM, 12.1% w / v) was adjusted with a 10 mM phthalate buffer solution (pH 4.0, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) to obtain a cross-linking agent solution. It was. Furthermore, the prepared crosslinking agent solution was prepared to be 140 mM NaCl (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). The gelatin solution was adjusted at 37 ° C., and the other solutions were adjusted at room temperature. After preparing the base polymer solution and the crosslinking agent solution, equal amounts were mixed.
- a cover glass And a photodegradable gel layer was formed.
- the thickness of the gel layer was adjusted with a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film (thickness: 25 ⁇ m) or a cover glass (thickness: 150 ⁇ m).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- Example 8 [Cell culture] Next, in order to evaluate the cell behavior on the photodegradable gel prepared in Example 7, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were seeded on the synthesized gel base. For this evaluation, a photodegradable gel prepared using amino-4arm PEG or gelatin as a base polymer was used.
- HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- HuMedia EG-2 culture solution (manufactured by Kurabo Industries) (2% (v / v) fetal bovine serum, 10 ng / mL human epidermal growth factor, 1.34 ⁇ g / L hydrocortisone hemuccinate, 50 ⁇ g / mL gentamicin, 50 ng / mL amphotericin B, 5 ng / mL human basic fibroblast growth factor, containing 10 ⁇ g / mL heparin)) and cultured in an environment of 37% at 5% CO 2 .
- the cultured cells were exposed to a 0.1% trypsin-containing DPBS solution for 5 minutes, and then the cells were collected.
- the cell suspension was diluted with HuMedia EG- to a final cell concentration of 1.0 ⁇ 10 7 cells / mL. It adjusted with 2 culture solutions.
- HUVEC cells were seeded on a photodegradable gel prepared with amino-4armPEG or gelatin. After seeding with 35 ⁇ L of the cell suspension on the photodegradable gel and spreading the cells over the entire gel surface, the cells were allowed to stand in an incubator. One hour after the start of the culture, the cells that did not adhere to the surface of the photodegradable gel and the excess culture solution were removed by aspiration with a pipette, 3 mL of the culture solution was added to a 35 mm 2 culture dish, and the plate was allowed to stand again in the incubator. .
- pattern light irradiation (365 nm, 125 mW / cm 2 , 8-24 seconds) was performed, followed by further culturing at 37 ° C. for 3 hours, thereby performing a cell exposure test on the gel degradation product.
- the sample was irradiated with light by a PC-controlled microprojection system (DESM-01, manufactured by Engineering System) (see Non-Patent Document 8).
- Example 9 [Patterning of HUVEC cells]
- photolysis was performed as in Example 8.
- HUVEC cells cultured on a sex gel were irradiated with light (1.0 to 3.0 J / cm 2 ) through a photomask.
- cell viability was determined by a LIVE / DEAD assay kit.
- a photodegradable gel can be prepared from amino-4armPEG and gelatin, and that a biomolecule having an amino moiety can be used as it is to prepare a photodegradable hydrogel.
- the photodegradable cross-linking agent shown in this application is considered to be capable of reacting with other natural polymers (collagen, fibronectin, chitosan, etc.), thereby expanding the possibility of preparing various photodegradable hydrogels. It was.
- the present invention is useful in the fields of cell engineering, regenerative medicine, bio-related industries, tissue engineering, and the like.
- SYMBOLS 1 Photodegradable crosslinking agent, 2 ... Main chain, 3 ... Group containing nitrobenzyl group, 4 ... Active ester group, 5 ... Amide bond part, 6 ... High molecular compound, 7 ... High molecular compound, 8 ... Amino group , 9 ... Amide bond between the cross-linking agent and the polymer compound, 10 ... Photodegradable gel, 11, 30, 40, 50, 60 ... Cell culture device, 31 ⁇ 41 ⁇ 51 ... Cell culture substrate, 32 ⁇ 42 ⁇ 62.72 ... Photodegradable gel layer, 33 ... Surface of photodegradable gel layer, 34 ... Cell, 35 ... Photomask, A1, B1 ... Partial region irradiated with light.
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Abstract
Description
現在、細胞アッセイはハイスループットシステムの普及により、創薬スクリーニングの幅広い場面で利用されており、近年ではインクジェット方式などの液体ハンドリング技術が利用できるようになり、更なるハイスループット化が進んでいる。また、一度のアッセイでより多くの情報量を取得するハイコンテツ化へと技術のトレンドは移行してきている。
一方、一般的な細胞アッセイで利用されている単層培養においては、細胞周囲の環境が動物体内の環境と大きく異なっているため、培養細胞では本来体内で発現すべき機能の多くを喪失しているという問題があった。
次世代の細胞アッセイ技術では、生体内の三次元構造を模倣した組織体を人工的に再構成し、より機能の高い組織体を利用したより信頼性の高いアッセイを適用することで、より高いvivo-vitro相関が期待されている。
ハイドロゲルは、光分解性の基を分子内に組み込むことで光分解性が付与され、光による加工が可能な光分解性ゲルが開発されている。光分解性ゲルとしては、例えばポリエチレングリコールを主鎖とし、ニトロベンジル基を分子内に有するものがある(特許文献1及び非特許文献4)。このような構成を持った高分子モノマーから形成されるハイドロゲルの物性は、光照射によって時間的・空間的に制御可能であり(非特許文献5及び6)、光分解は生細胞との適合性が高い(非特許文献4及び7)。
しかし、これまでに報告されている光分解性ゲルは、ラジカル重合を利用してゲル化されるため、酸素の存在下で重合すると酸素の影響を受けて劣化することがある。また、ラジカルが細胞や生理活性物質にダメージを与えてしまう、また、主鎖として使用できる高分子化合物が、ラジカル重合できるモノマーの重合物に限定されるため、その利用が限定されてしまっている等の問題があった。
発明者らは、ラジカル重合を利用せず、高分子化合物と混合するだけで架橋反応が起こり、光分解性ゲルを形成可能な光分解性架橋剤の開発を行ってきた(特許文献2)。
また、前記光分解性架橋剤を有する光分解性ゲル、該光分解性ゲルを有する細胞培養器具、該細胞培養器具を使用する細胞配列・分別装置、並びに該細胞培養器具を用いる細胞配列法、及び細胞分別方法、並びに該光分解性ゲルを用いた組織体及び組織体形成方法の提供を課題とする。
[1]3以上の分岐鎖を有するポリエチレングリコール主鎖、及び前記分岐鎖を有するポリエチレングリコール主鎖の末端に配置された光分解性のベンジル基、を含み、
前記ベンジル基は、アミノ基又はヒドロキシル基に対する反応性を有する活性エステル基、及び、一つまたは複数のニトロ基を、当該ベンジル基のベンゼン環に有する、光分解性架橋剤。
[2]前記活性エステル基がN-ヒドロキシコハク酸イミドの誘導体である[1]に記載の光分解性架橋剤。
[3]前記分岐鎖におけるエチレングリコールの平均繰り返し数が20から500の範囲にある[1]又は[2]に記載の光分解性架橋剤。
[4]前記分岐鎖の数が4又は8である[1]~[3]のいずれか一つに記載の光分解性架橋剤。
[5]前記ポリエチレングリコールの主鎖が、ネオペンチル骨格を有する[1]~[4]のいずれか一つに記載の光分解性架橋剤。
[6][1]~[5]のいずれか一つに記載の光分解性架橋剤、及び分子内に合計2以上のアミノ基又はヒドロキシル基を有する高分子化合物、を反応させて得られ、前記高分子化合物のアミノ基またはヒドロキシル基が、前記光分解性架橋剤の活性エステル基と縮合して架橋されていることを特徴とする光分解性ゲル。
[7]前記高分子化合物が、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール、塩基性多糖類、タンパク質、およびこれらのうちいずれかの誘導体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つである、[6]に記載の光分解性ゲル。
[8]前記高分子化合物が、分岐型のポリエチレングリコール誘導体である[6]又は[7]に記載の光分解性ゲル。
[9]前記高分子化合物が、ゼラチンである[6]又は[7]に記載の光分解性ゲル。
[10][6]~[9]のいずれか一つに記載の光分解性ゲルからなる層が、細胞培養基材の表面に形成されている細胞培養器具。
[11]前記細胞培養基材の少なくとも表面が、スチレン系樹脂または細胞接着性材料からなる、[10]に記載の細胞培養器具。
[12][10]又は[11]に記載の細胞培養器具、及び該細胞培養器具に光を照射する照射部を備え、
前記照射部は、光源、及び前記光源からの光を該細胞培養器具の表面の任意の一部領域にのみ照射させる照射領域調整部、を有する細胞配列・分別装置。
[13][10]又は[11]に記載の細胞培養器具の一部領域にのみ光を照射し、前記一部領域の光分解性ゲルを選択的に分解することによって、前記一部領域の細胞、及び当該一部領域以外の領域にある細胞を分別する工程を有する、細胞分別方法。
[14][10]又は[11]に記載の細胞培養器具の一部領域にのみ光を照射し、前記一部領域の光分解性ゲルを選択的に分解することによって、前記一部領域に細胞を配列する工程を有する、細胞配列方法。
[15]
(I)[6]に記載の光分解性ゲルを形成する工程;
(II)光照射によって前記光分解性ゲルの形状を規定する工程;
(III)前記光分解性ゲルに細胞を播種する工程;及び
(IV)細胞を培養する工程
を含む、組織体形成方法。
[16]
(I)細胞を内包させた、[6]に記載の光分解性ゲルを形成する工程;
(II)光照射によって前記光分解性ゲルの構造を規定する工程;及び
(III)細胞を培養する工程
を含む、組織体形成方法。
[17][6]~[9]のいずれか一つに記載の光分解性ゲル、及び細胞、
を含む組織体。
前記ベンジル基は、アミノ基又はヒドロキシル基に対する反応性を有する活性エステル基、及び、一つまたは複数のニトロ基を当該ベンジル基のベンゼン環に有する化合物である。
前記光分解性架橋剤としては、例えば、下記式一般式(1)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
Zは、光分解性のベンジル基を表し、前記ベンジル基は、アミノ基又はヒドロキシル基に対する反応性を有する活性エステル基、及び、一つまたは複数のニトロ基をベンゼン環に有する。
複数のA1は、連結基を表し、それぞれ独立に単結合、又は炭素原子数1~20の直鎖状もしくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基を表し、
該アルキル基中の1個又は非隣接の2個以上の-CH2-はそれぞれ独立して-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-O-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、又はシクロへキシレン基によって置換されていてもよい。
pは1以上の整数を表し、複数存在するR2及びR4は同一でも異なっていてもよい。R1~R4のうち少なくとも3つ以上のRがZを含み、2つ以上のRが-O(CH2CH2O)n-Zであることとする。
エチレングリコールの繰り返し数を上記範囲に設定することで、ゲルの水に対する溶解度を高めることができ、製造時および使用時において扱いの容易で、状態の均一な光分解性ゲルを得ることができる。
係るベンジル基としては、下記一般式(2)又は(3)で表される基が好ましい。
星印は、エチレングリコールの酸素原子との結合位置を表す。
R5は、水素もしくは炭素数1~6の直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基を表し、炭素数1~6の直鎖状のアルキル基がより好ましく、メチル基が特に好ましい。R6は、炭素数1~6の直鎖状もしくは分岐鎖状のアルキル基、又は炭素数1~6の直鎖状もしくは分岐鎖状のアルコキシ基を表し、炭素数1~6の直鎖状のアルコキシ基がより好ましく、メトキシ基が特に好ましい。R7は、アミノ基又はヒドロキシル基に対する反応性を有する活性エステル基を表し、N-ヒドロキシコハク酸イミド誘導体が好ましく、下記一般式(4)で表される誘導体がより好ましい。
前記一般式(1)で表される化合物において、該化合物は、具体的には下記一般式(7)及び(8)で表される化合物であることが好ましい。
前記一般式(9)で表される化合物は、具体的には下記一般式(10)又は(11)で表される化合物であることが好ましい。
4分岐又は8分岐型のポリエチレングリコール(または誘導体)は合成しやすく、また、入手も容易であることから、前記一般式(1)で表される化合物において、ポリエチレングリコールが4分岐又は8分岐(分岐鎖数が4つまたは8つ)であることが好ましい。
即ち、本発明の光分解性架橋剤としては、下記一般式(15)又は(16)で表される化合物がより好ましい。
図1および図2に示すように、主鎖2はポリエチレングリコール(PEG)である。ニトロベンジル基を含む基3は、アミド結合部5(―NHCO―)を介して主鎖2に結合している。
前記一般式(1)で表される化合物の製造方法について説明する。
前記一般式(1)で表される化合物は、3分岐以上の分岐鎖を有する、ポリエチレングリコール主鎖、及び前記分岐鎖の末端に配置された光分解性のベンジル基、を含み、前記ベンジル基は、アミノ基又はヒドロキシル基に対する反応性を有する活性エステル基、及び、一つまたは複数のニトロ基を当該ベンジル基のベンゼン環に有する化合物である。以下に、前記分岐の末端に前記光分解性のベンジル基を配置し、前記ベンジル基に活性エステル基を配置する反応を説明する。
本発明の光分解性ゲルは、本発明の光分解性架橋剤、及び分子内に合計2以上のアミノ基またはヒドロキシル基を有する高分子化合物、を反応させて得られ、前記高分子化合物のアミノ基またはヒドロキシル基が、前記光分解性架橋剤の活性エステル基と縮合して架橋されていることを特徴とする光分解性ゲルである。
高分子化合物は、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール、塩基性多糖類、タンパク質、およびこれらのうちいずれかの誘導体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つであることが好ましい。
ポリエチレングリコール(または誘導体)は、末端にアミノ基を有することが望ましい。
ポリエチレングリコール(または誘導体)の分子量は1万から4万の範囲にあることが好ましい。
ゼラチンの強度は特に制限されないが、200~400ブルームが好ましく、250~350ブルームがより好ましい。
前記アミノ基は光分解性架橋剤の活性エステル基とアミド結合を形成し、前記ヒドロキシル基は活性エステル基とエステル結合を形成する。これによって、網目構造が形成され、ゲル化が進行し、光分解性ゲルが生成する。
本発明では、架橋反応を促進させるための添加剤は特に必要ないため、高分子化合物と光分解性ゲルとを混合するだけで架橋反応が起こり、ゲル化が進行する。また、反応時の温度は常温でよい。
また、本発明における架橋反応は溶存酸素の影響を受けないため、薄膜状のゲルの形成が容易である。
高分子化合物の使用量は、例えば4分岐型のポリエチレングリコール(または誘導体)の場合、光分解性ゲル中に2.5重量%以上含有されるように設定することが好ましく、ゼラチンの場合、光分解性ゲル中に1.0重量%以上含有されるように設定することが好ましい。
高分子化合物6は、末端にアミノ基8を有する4分岐型のポリエチレングリコール誘導体である。
高分子化合物6と光分解性架橋剤1とを混合すると、高分子化合物6のアミノ基は、光分解性架橋剤1の活性エステル基4と縮合して架橋される。
これによって、高分子化合物6は、光分解性架橋剤1を介して他の高分子化合物6と結合し、網目構造を有する光分解性ゲル10が生成する。
高分子化合物7は、分子内にアミノ基8を有するゼラチンである。
高分子化合物7と光分解性架橋剤1とを混合すると、高分子化合物7のアミノ基は、光分解性架橋剤1の活性エステル基4と縮合して架橋される。
これによって、高分子化合物7は、光分解性架橋剤1を介して他の高分子化合物7と結合し、網目構造を有する光分解性ゲル10’が生成する。
図4Aは、光分解性架橋剤のニトロベンジル基の分解を示すものである。ニトロベンジル基を含む基3は、例えば波長330~380nmの紫外線などの光の照射により、破線位置で分解可能である。
ニトロベンジル基を含む基3は、アミド結合部5のアミノ基との間の結合が切断され、ニトロベンジル基3’となる。なお、ニトロベンジル基の構造によっては、前記光照射によりニトロベンジル基を含む基3と活性エステル基4との結合が切断されることもある。
図4Bと図4Cは、それぞれ光分解性ゲル10と10’が、光の照射により分解される様子を模式的に示すものである。光分解性ゲルが分解されることにより、光分解性ゲルは水に溶解する。
ラジカル重合を利用してゲル化される従来の光応答性ゲルおよび光分解性ゲルの製造工程は、重合の際に酸素が存在すると重合反応を阻害し、ゲル化が進行しない。この現象は特に薄膜状のゲルを調製する際に顕著になる。一方、本発明の光分解性架橋剤では、架橋反応時に酸素の影響を全く受けないため、このような重合反応阻害は起こらない。
ラジカル重合反応を利用する場合も無酸素雰囲気条件で反応を行えば薄膜状のゲルを調製することが可能となるかもしれないが、その場合には無酸素条件下で重合反応を行わせるための設備が必要となり、製造工程が複雑になる。
一方、本発明の光分解性架橋剤を用いると、無酸素雰囲気条件が必要ないため、薄膜状のゲルの製造工程が簡略であり、効率的かつ低コストで光分解性ゲルを調製できる。
また、本発明では、架橋反応にラジカル重合を利用しないため、ラジカルによってダメージを受けやすい物質を混合した状態で光分解性ゲルを調製することが可能となる。従って、光分解性ゲルを広範な用途、例えば細胞や生理活性物質を固定化する用途にも使用できる。また、ラジカル重合に対応できないモノマーの重合物も高分子化合物として使用できることから、高分子化合物の選択範囲が広いという利点もある。
本発明の細胞培養器具は、本発明の光分解性ゲルからなる層が、細胞培養基材の表面に形成されていることを特徴とする細胞培養器具である。
光分解性ゲル層の厚さは、100nm~100μmが好ましく、300nm~30μmがさらに好ましく、1000nm~10μmが特に好ましい。
プラスチックとして好適なものとしては、スチレン系樹脂(例えばポリスチレン(PS))、アクリル系樹脂(例えばポリメタクリル酸メチル樹脂(PMMA))、ポリビニルピリジン系樹脂(ポリ(4-ビニルピリジン)、4-ビニルピリジン-スチレン共重合体等)、シリコーン系樹脂(例えばポリジメチルシロキサン樹脂)、ポリオレフィン系樹脂(例えばポリエチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリメチルペンテン樹脂)、ポリエステル樹脂(ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂(PET))、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂等がある。
細胞培養基材は、細胞培養に一般的に用いられる細胞培養ディッシュもしくはマイクロプレートと同様の構造の基材が好ましい。
細胞培養基材は、少なくとも表面が、ポリスチレンまたは細胞接着性材料からなることが好ましい。
細胞接着性タンパク質は、ファイブロネクチン、コラーゲン、ゼラチン、ラミニンからなる群から選択された少なくとも1つであることがより好ましく、ゼラチンが特に好ましい。細胞接着性ペプチドは、アルギニン‐グリシン‐アスパラギン酸というアミノ酸配列(RGD配列)を有することが好ましい。
図5は、本発明の細胞配列・分別装置の一例であって、細胞培養器具11を保持する保持台12と、細胞培養器具11に光を照射する照射部13を備えている。
照射部13は、光源(図示略)と、細胞培養器具11の任意の一部領域にのみ光照射する照射領域調整部14と、パソコンなどの制御部15とを有する。
照射領域調整部14は、所定のパターン16をなす光を細胞培養器具11に照射することができる。パターン16は表示装置17に表示される。
照射領域調整部14は、レンズ19、ミラー20、レンズ21を経て、細胞培養器具11の任意の領域に光18を照射できる。細胞培養器具11の任意形状の一部領域にのみ光18を照射することもできるし、全領域に光18を照射することもできる。
光源としては、光分解性架橋剤を分解させ得るものが選択され、例えば紫外線、可視光等の光を照射できるもの(例えば紫外線ランプ、可視光ランプ等)が使用できる。
光の波長域は、例えば200~1000nmを例示できる。特に300~600nm、なかでも350~400nmは好適である。照射エネルギーは、通常は0.01~1000J/cm2、好ましくは0.1~100J/cm2、より好ましくは1~10J/cm2である。
なお、光を細胞培養基材の一部領域にのみ照射させるための構成としては、DMDに限らず、液晶シャッターアレイ、光空間変調素子、所定形状のフォトマスク等も採用できる。
次に、本発明の細胞培養器具を使用し、該細胞培養器具の一部領域にのみ光を照射することにより前記一部領域の光分解性ゲルを選択的に分解することによって、前記一部領域の細胞とそれ(当該一部領域)以外の領域にある細胞とを分別する工程を有することを特徴とする細胞分別方法、及び、前記一部領域に細胞を配列する工程を有することを特徴とする細胞配列方法について説明する。
具体例としては、例えば、造血幹細胞、骨髄系幹細胞、神経幹細胞、皮膚幹細胞などの体性幹細胞や胚性幹細胞、人工多能性幹細胞がある。
また、好中球、好酸球、好塩基球、単球、リンパ球(T細胞、NK細胞、B細胞等)等の白血球や、血小板、赤血球、血管内皮細胞、リンパ系幹細胞、赤芽球、骨髄芽球、単芽球、巨核芽球および巨核球等の血液細胞、内皮系細胞、上皮系細胞、肝実質細胞、膵ラ島細胞等のほか、研究用に樹立された各種株化細胞も本発明の対象となり得る。
光を照射した部分に含まれる光分解性ゲル層は、全てのゲルを分解させてもよいし、すべてのゲルを分解させないで、Z軸方向への分解深度を任意に変化させることが可能である。
以下、図6Aを参照しつつ、第1の例の細胞配列方法を詳しく説明する。図6Aは細胞培養器具30の模式図である。
光分解性ゲル層32は、光分解性ゲルと前記細胞接着性材料とを混合した混合材料であってもよい。
細胞培養器具30に細胞34を播種すると、光分解性ゲル層32の表面33及び光照射によって新たに形成された光分解性ゲル層表面33’にのみ細胞34は付着する。
光分解性ゲル層32の表面33、33’に付着しなかった細胞34は、培地や緩衝液等により洗浄すること等によって細胞培養器具30から除去することができる。これによって、三次元的に加工された光分解性ゲル層32上に細胞34を選択的に配列することができる。
細胞培養基材41の表面に光分解性ゲル層42を形成する。細胞培養基材41の表面は細胞接着性が高い材料、例えばポリスチレンであることが好ましい。細胞培養基材41の表面が細胞接着性材料を含まない場合は、細胞培養基材41上に、細胞接着性材料からなるコート層を形成させてもよい。
光分解性ゲル層42は細胞接着性が低いことが好ましく、光分解性ゲル層42に含まれる本発明の光分解性架橋剤と架橋される高分子化合物は、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール、塩基性多糖類、細胞接着性の低いタンパク質、およびこれらのうちいずれかの誘導体からなる群から選択された少なくとも1つであることが好ましく、分岐型のポリエチレングリコール誘導体が特に好ましい。
細胞培養器具40に細胞34を播種すると、光分解性ゲル層42が失われた領域A1の細胞培養基材41の表面にのみ細胞34は付着する。
細胞培養基材41表面に付着しなかった細胞34は、培地や緩衝液等により洗浄すること等によって細胞培養器具30から除去することができる。これによって、領域A1に細胞34を選択的に配列することができる。
次に、図7Aを参照しつつ、第1の例の細胞分別方法を詳しく説明する。図7Aは細胞培養器具50の模式図である。
細胞培養基材51の材料は特に制限されず、前記の材料を用いることができる。光分解性ゲル層32は、細胞接着性が高いことが好ましく、光分解性ゲル層32に含まれる本発明の光分解性架橋剤と架橋される高分子化合物が、前記細胞接着性タンパク質であることが好ましい。
光分解性ゲル層32は、光分解性ゲルと前記細胞接着性材料とを混合した混合材料であってもよい。
剥離した細胞34は、培地や緩衝液等により洗浄すること等によって細胞培養器具50から選択的に除去することができる。
これによって、領域A1の細胞34と、それ以外の細胞34を分別することができる。
細胞培養基材51の材料は特に制限されず、前記の材料を用いることができる。光分解性ゲル層62に含まれる本発明の光分解性架橋剤と架橋される高分子化合物は、分子内に合計2以上のアミノ基またはヒドロキシル基を有する高分子化合物であれば特に制限されず、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール、塩基性多糖類、タンパク質、およびこれらのうちいずれかの誘導体からなる群から選択された少なくとも1つであることが好ましく、分岐型のポリエチレングリコール誘導体又はゼラチンであることがより好ましい。
剥離した細胞34は、培地や緩衝液等により洗浄すること等によって細胞培養器具60から選択的に除去することができる。
これによって、領域A1の細胞34と、それ以外の細胞34を分別することができる。
また、領域A1にのみの光照射によって細胞34の分別を行うため、目的の細胞を精度よく分別することができる。
本発明における組織体とは、細胞が三次元的に集合した状態を指し、細胞間に本発明の光分解性ゲルを含んでもよい。前記細胞は本発明の光分解性ゲルを用いて任意の期間培養され、増殖させたり、所望の組織を形成したり、所望の状態に分化されることが好ましい。
(I)本発明の光分解性ゲルを形成する工程;
(II)光照射によって前記光分解性ゲルの形状を規定する工程;
(III)前記光分解性ゲルに細胞を播種する工程;及び
(IV)細胞を培養する工程;
を含むことを特徴とする組織体形成方法について説明する。
細胞培養基材31および光分解性ゲル層32は、第1の例の細胞配列法と同様の構成を用いることができる。
細胞培養器具30に細胞34を播種すると、光分解性ゲル層32の表面33及び光照射によって新たに形成された光分解性ゲル層表面33’にのみ細胞34は付着する。
光分解性ゲル層32の表面33、33に付着しなかった細胞34は、培地や緩衝液等により洗浄すること等によって細胞培養器具30から除去することができる。これによって、三次元的に加工された光分解性ゲル層32上に細胞34を選択的に配列することができる。
その後、細胞34を培養すると、細胞34は加工された光分解性ゲル層32を足場として増殖でき、細胞培養器具30上で、三次元的に組織体を形成することができる。
細胞培養基材41の表面に光分解性ゲル層42を形成する。
細胞培養基材41および光分解性ゲル層42は、第2の例の細胞配列法と同様の構成を用いることができる。
細胞培養器具40に細胞34を播種すると、光分解性ゲル層42が失われた領域A1の細胞培養基材41表面にのみ細胞34は付着する。
細胞培養基材41表面に付着しなかった細胞34は、培地や緩衝液等により洗浄すること等によって細胞培養器具30から除去することができる。これによって、領域A1に細胞34を選択的に配列することができる。
その後、細胞34を培養すると、細胞34は加工された光分解性ゲル層42に規定された形状で増殖でき、細胞培養器具40上で、三次元的に組織体を形成することができる。
まず、細胞培養基材51の表面に光分解性ゲル層32を形成する。
細胞培養基材51および光分解性ゲル層32は、第1の例の細胞分別法と同様の構成を用いることができる。この場合、光分解性ゲル層32上に、光分解性ゲルと細胞接着性タンパクとを含むコート層を形成させることは適さない。
細胞培養器具50の光分解性ゲル層32の一部である領域A1に、フォトマスク35を通して光を照射し、領域A1の光分解性ゲルを分解させる。この領域A1の光分解性ゲルは可溶化し、洗浄により細胞培養基材51表面から除去され、光分解性ゲル層32は三次元的に加工される。また、領域A1の光分解性ゲルに付着した細胞34も細胞培養基材51表面から剥離する。
剥離した細胞34は、培地や緩衝液等により洗浄すること等によって細胞培養器具50から選択的に除去することができる。
これによって、領域A1の細胞34と、それ以外の細胞34を分別する。
その後、細胞34を培養すると、細胞34は加工された光分解性ゲル層32を足場として増殖でき、細胞培養器具50上で、三次元的に組織体を形成することができる。
まず、細胞培養基材51の表面に光分解性ゲル層32を形成する。
細胞培養基材51および光分解性ゲル層32は、第1の例の細胞分別法と同様の構成を用いることができる。この場合、光分解性ゲル層32上に、光分解性ゲルと細胞接着性タンパクとを含むコート層を形成させることは適さない。
その後、細胞34を培養し、細胞培養器具50上に細胞層を形成することができる。
さらに、細胞培養器具50の光分解性ゲル層32の一部である領域A1に、フォトマスク35を通して光を照射し、領域A1の光分解性ゲルを分解させる。この領域A1の光分解性ゲルは可溶化し、洗浄により細胞培養基材51表面から除去され、光分解性ゲル層32は三次元的に加工される。また、領域A1の光分解性ゲルに付着した細胞34も細胞培養基材51表面から剥離する。
剥離した細胞34は、培地や緩衝液等により洗浄すること等によって細胞培養器具50から選択的に除去することができる。
これによって、細胞培養器具50上の細胞層から細胞を選択的に除去することができる。
また、細胞34を加工後のゲル上でさらに培養させることで、細胞34は加工された光分解性ゲル層32を足場として増殖でき、細胞培養器具50上で、三次元的に組織体を形成することができる。
(I)細胞を内包させた前記光分解性ゲルを形成する工程;
(II)光照射によって前記光分解性ゲルの形状を規定する工程;
(III)細胞を培養する工程;
を含むことを特徴とする組織体形成方法について説明する。
細胞培養基材51の表面に、細胞34を内包した光分解性ゲル層62を形成する。
剥離した細胞34は、培地や緩衝液等により洗浄すること等によって細胞培養器具60から選択的に除去することができる。
これによって、領域A1の細胞34と、それ以外の細胞34を分別する。
その後、細胞34を培養すると、細胞34は加工された光分解性ゲル層62に規定された形状で増殖でき、細胞培養器具60上で、三次元的に組織体を形成することができる。
細胞培養基材51の表面に、細胞34が内包された光分解性ゲル層62を形成する。
その後、細胞34を培養し、細胞培養器具60上に三次元的に細胞塊を形成することができる。
細胞培養器具60の光分解性ゲル層62の一部である領域A1に、フォトマスク35を通して光を照射し、領域A1の光分解性ゲルを分解させる。この領域A1の光分解性ゲルは可溶化し、洗浄により細胞培養基材51表面から除去され、光分解性ゲル層62は三次元的に加工され、また、領域A1の光分解性ゲルに内包された細胞34も細胞培養基材51表面から剥離する。
剥離した細胞34は、培地や緩衝液等により洗浄すること等によって細胞培養器具60から選択的に除去することができる。
これによって、領域A1の細胞34と、それ以外の細胞34が分別され、細胞培養器具60上に三次元的に形成された細胞塊から細胞を取り除くことができる。その後、細胞34を培養すると、細胞34は加工された光分解性ゲル層62に規定された形状で増殖でき、細胞培養器具60上で、三次元的に組織体を形成することができる。
細胞培養基材51の表面に、細胞34が内包された光分解性ゲル層62を形成する。
剥離した細胞34は、培地や緩衝液等により洗浄すること等によって細胞培養器具60から選択的に除去することができる。
これによって、領域A1の細胞34と、それ以外の細胞34を分別する。
その後、光照射により露出した細胞培養基材51上又は光分解性ゲル層62上に、細胞34とは別の種類の細胞34’を内包した光分解性ゲル層72をさらに形成してもよい。
光分解性ゲル層62及び72は、例えば領域A1とは異なる領域B1へ、フォトマスク35を通して光照射することにより再度加工することができる。
その後、細胞34、34’を培養すると、細胞34、34’は加工された光分解性ゲル層62、72に規定された形状で増殖でき、細胞培養器具60上で、三次元的に組織体を形成することができる。
[光分解性架橋剤の合成]
以下は、光分解性架橋剤(NHS-PD-4armPEG)の合成方法である。
N,N-ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)洗浄した3-(1-piperazino)propyl functionalized silica gel(66 g)のDMSO(130 mL)溶液に4-{4-[1-(9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylamino)ethyl]-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy}butanoic acid(2.7 g)を加え、室温~還流条件下で数十分~24時間攪拌した。濾過後、濾取物をDMSOで洗浄し、減圧下、全量が約130 mLになるまでDMSOを留去した。得られた残留物にSUNBRIGHT PTE-100HS(日油株式会社製、9.6 g)のテトラヒドロフラン(THF)溶液を加え、室温~還流条件下で数十分~24時間攪拌した。反応混合物から減圧下にてTHFを留去後、残渣を氷冷したエーテルにゆっくり滴下し、数時間~3日間静置後、析出物を濾取した。析出物を少量のTHFに溶解させ、氷冷したエーテルにゆっくり滴下し、1~24時間静置後、析出物を濾取した(2回繰り返す)。減圧下、乾燥させた析出物をSephadex LH-20(MeOH)で分離精製し、得られた化合物のTHF溶液にN-ヒドロキシスクシンイミド(NHS)および1-エチル-3-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル) カルボジイミド塩酸塩(EDC)を加え、室温~還流条件下で数十分~24時間攪拌した。反応混合物から減圧下にてTHFを留去後、ジクロロメタン(CH2Cl2)を加えて希釈した。得られたCH2Cl2溶液を5%塩酸水溶液および飽和食塩水で洗浄後、無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥させ、濾過後、減圧下溶媒を留去し、少量のTHFに溶解させた残渣をエーテルにゆっくり滴下し、1~24時間時間静置後、析出物を濾取した(2回繰り返す)。析出物を減圧下乾燥後、目的化合物の光分解性架橋剤を9.80 g得た。
上記の過程と、得られた化合物を図10に示す。
得られた目的化合物についてNMRによる分析を行い、目的の化合物が得られたことを確認した。以下にNMRによる分析結果を示す。
1H-NMR(400MHz, CDCl3):1.35 (m, 2H), 1.53 (d, J = 7.09 Hz, 3H), 1.60 (m, 4H), 2.18 (br t, J = 7.21 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (tt, J = 7.33, 5.98 Hz, 2H), 2.85 (br s, 4H), 2.88 (t, J = 7.33 Hz, 2H),3.41 (s, 2H), 3.43 (t, J = 7.21 Hz, 2H), 3.47‐3.83 (m, O(CH2CH2O)n), 3.94 (s, 3H), 4.15 (t,J = 5.98 Hz, 2H), 5.49 (dq, J = 7.57, 7.09 Hz,1H), 6.39 (br d, J = 7.57 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H).
[光分解性ゲルの製造](ゼラチン溶液)
ゼラチン(TypeA、300ブルーム、ブタ皮由来)(Geltin from Porcine skingel strength 300、Sigma Aldrich社)(5w/v%)
溶媒(リン酸緩衝液(DPBS):0.3mM HEPES=1:1、pH7)上記の分量で、ゼラチンと溶媒を37℃で撹拌混合した後、ゼラチン溶液を得た。
(光分解性架橋剤溶液)
光分解性架橋剤(実施例1で合成) 10mM (12.1w/v%)
溶媒(140mM NaCl、10mMフタル酸 水溶液)(光分解性ゲル溶液)ゼラチン溶液と光分解性架橋剤を等量で混合し、ゼラチンベースの光分解性ゲル溶液を得た。
[amino-4arm PEG溶液]
amino-4arm PEG(MW=10,000)(SUNBRIGHT PTE-100PA、日油株式会社製) 10mM (12.1w/v%)
溶媒(リン酸緩衝液(DPBS):0.3M HEPES=1:1、pH7)上記の分量で、PEGと溶媒を混合し、amino-4arm PEG溶液を得た。
[光分解性架橋剤溶液]
光分解性架橋剤(実施例1で合成) 10mM (12.1w/v%)
溶媒(140mM NaCl、10mMフタル酸 水溶液、pH4)(光分解性ゲル溶液)amino-4arm PEG溶液と光分解性架橋剤を等量で混合し、ポリエチレングリコールベースの光分解性ゲル溶液を得た。
実施例2のゼラチンベースの光分解性ゲル溶液(10~30μL)をアミノコートされたスライドガラス(MASコートスライドガラス、松浪硝子工業株式会社)に塗布した後に、スライドガラスで覆い、光分解性ゲル層を形成させた。ゲル層の厚みは、スライドガラス(厚さ:150μm)またはペットフィルム(厚さ:25μm)により調節した。フォトリソグラフィー用のマスクは、パターンを300dpiの解像度でフィルム印刷し、作成した。
上記のマスクを照射装置とスライドガラスの間に配置することで、ゲルを選択的に露光させ、光分解を行った。照射エネルギーは7.2~9.0J/cm2で、所望のパターンにゲルが分解されるまで光照射を行った。光源は350~385nmで、30mW/cm2のものを使用した。光照射により分解されたゲルは、蒸留水中で洗浄除去を行った。
図11は、光照射によってパターン分解された、本発明のゼラチンベースの光分解性ゲルの写真である。本発明のゼラチンベースの光分解性ゲルは、領域A1への選択的な光照射により、直径20μmまで高分解能(XY平面)で分解することが確認された。
実施例3のポリエチレングリコールベースの光分解性ゲル溶液(10~30μL)をアミノコートされたスライドガラス(MASコートスライドガラス、松浪硝子工業株式会社)に塗布した後に、スライドガラスで覆い、光分解性ゲル層を形成させた。ゲル層の厚みは、スライドガラス(厚さ:150μm)またはペットフィルム(厚さ:25μm)により調節した。
マスクの作製と、ゲルの光分解は実施例4と同様に行った。
図12は、光照射によってパターン分解された、本発明のポリエチレングリコールベースの光分解性ゲルの写真である。本発明のポリエチレングリコールベースの光分解性ゲルは、領域A1への光照射により、直径20μmまで高分解能(XY平面)で分解することが確認された。
図13Cには、0.9J/cm2、1.5J/cm2、3.0J/cm2および9.0J/cm2の照射エネルギーで領域A1への光照射を行い、光分解を行った後の、ゲル層平均深度の計測結果(n=4)を表す。本発明のポリエチレングリコールベースの光分解性ゲルは、照射エネルギーが大きいほど、領域A1でのZ軸方向への分解深度が深くなり、9.0J/cm2の照射エネルギーでは、ゲル内部216μmまで分解されていた。
これらの結果から、本発明の実施例4および実施例5の光分解性ゲルは、XYZのいずれの軸方向においても、光照射による微細加工が可能であることが確認された。
[光分解性ゲルへの細胞の包埋]
実施例3のamino-4arm PEG溶液に、細胞34(マウス線維芽細胞:NIH-3T3)を加え、実施例3と同様に光分解性架橋剤溶液を加え、細胞34を含んだ光分解性ゲル溶液を得た。その後、スライドグラス上に細胞34を内包したゲル層62を形成させ、領域A1への光照射によってパターン分解を行った。ゲル層の形成とゲルのパターン分解は実施例4と同様の方法により行った。
細胞34を内包し、光照射を行ったゲル層62に、LIVE/DEAD assay kit(0.5μLのエチジウムホモダイマー1、2.0μLのカルセインAMを使用(Molecular Probes製))を用いて染色し、細胞34の生死状態を調べた。
染色により、生細胞は緑色蛍光を発し、死細胞は赤色蛍光を発する。
染色後の様子を図14A~Cに示す。図14Aは光照射前のゲル層62の蛍光観察画像である。図14Bは光照射後のパターン形成されたゲル層62の明視野観察の画像であり、図14Cは図14Bの蛍光観察画像である。光照射後のゲルにおいて、包埋された細胞34のうち、70%以上の細胞34が緑色の蛍光を示した。したがって本発明の光分解性ゲル内に細胞34を包埋し、光照射によってパターン形成を行った後であっても、細胞34が良好な状態で生存可能なことが明らかである。
以上の結果より、本発明の光分解性架橋剤を用いた本発明の光分解性ゲルは、細胞をゲル内で生存させたまま微細な三次元構造を形成可能であることがわかった。したがって、本発明の光分解性架橋剤を用いた本発明の光分解性ゲルは、複雑且つ微細な三次元組織体の形成に好適な、非常に有用性の高い組織工学材料である。
[光分解性ゲルの調製]
10mM amino-4arm PEG(MW=9617、NOF Corp.社製)、又は5%(w/w)ゼラチン(TypeA、300ブルーム、ブタ皮由来)を、リン酸緩衝液(PBS, Invitrogen社製)と0.3M HEPES緩衝液(和光純薬工業社製)(pH=7.0)の等量混液を用いて調整することで、ベースポリマー溶液とした。また、合成したNHS-PC-4armPEG架橋剤(10mM、12.1%w/v)を、10mM フタル酸緩衝液(pH4.0、和光純薬工業社製)により調整することで、架橋剤溶液とした。さらに調整した架橋剤溶液が、140mM NaCl(和光純薬工業社製)となるように調製した。なお、ゼラチン溶液は37℃、その他の溶液は室温にて調整を行った。
ベースポリマー溶液及び架橋剤溶液を調整した後に、等量混合した。アミノコートされたスライドガラス(MASコート、松浪硝子工業株式会社製)上に、光分解性ゲル溶液と架橋剤の混合溶液を、10-30μLの液量でスライドガラス上に塗布した後に、カバーガラスで覆い、光分解性ゲル層を形成させた。その際、ゲル層の厚みは、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム(厚さ:25μm)又はカバーガラス(厚さ:150μm)で調節した。
[細胞培養]
次に、実施例7で調製した光分解性ゲル上における細胞挙動を評価するために、合成したゲル基剤上へヒト臍静脈内皮細胞(HUVEC)を播種した。本評価には、amino-4arm PEG又はゼラチンをベースポリマーとして調製した光分解性ゲルを用いた。また、HUVEC細胞の培養には、HuMedia EG-2培養液(クラボウ社製)(2%(v/v) ウシ胎仔血清、10ng/mLのヒト表皮成長因子、1.34μg/L ヘミコハク酸ヒドロコルチゾン、50μg/mL ゲンタマイシン、50ng/mL アンフォテリシンB、5ng/mL ヒト塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子、10μg/mL ヘパリン含有))を用いて、5%CO2、37℃環境下にて培養した。培養した細胞を0.1% トリプシン含有DPBS溶液へ5分間暴露した後に、細胞回収を行い、最終的な細胞濃度が1.0×107細胞/mLになるよう細胞懸濁液をHuMedia EG-2培養液にて調整した。
amino-4armPEG又はゼラチンで調製した光分解性ゲル上に、HUVEC細胞を播種した。光分解性ゲル上に35μLの細胞懸濁液を用いて播種を行い、ゲル表面全体に細胞を広げた後に、培養器内で静置した。培養開始1時間後、光分解性ゲル表面へ接着しなかった細胞と過剰な培養液をピペットにより吸引除去し、35mm2の培養皿に3mLの培養液を加え、再び培養器内へ静置した。
培養開始1日目、又は3日目に、倒立型顕微鏡にて画像観察を行った。さらに培養3日目の細胞生死判定を行うために、LIVE/DEAD assay kit(0.5μL エチジウムホモダイマー1、2.0μ LカルセインAM(Molecular Probes製))による細胞染色を行った。細胞染色液にて10分間染色を行い、培養細胞をDPBSにより洗浄した後に、倒立型顕微鏡により明視野画像観察及び蛍光画像観察を行った。
また、光照射時の光毒性と合成したゲル分解物の毒性評価を行うために、上述した手法を用いて、同様に細胞生死判定を行った。2.5%(w/v)ゼラチンベースした光分解性ゲル溶液と、1.0%(w/v)NHS-PC-4armPEG架橋剤溶液により合成した光分解性ゲル上でHUVEC細胞を3日間培養した後に、パターン光照射(365nm、125mW/cm2、8-24秒)を行い、さらに37℃で3時間培養することで、ゲル分解物へ細胞暴露試験を行った。試料への光照射は、PC制御型マイクロプロジェクションシステム(DESM-01、エンジニアリングシステム社製)により行った(非特許文献8を参照)。
本実施例では、光分解性ゲル上における細胞挙動を評価するために、モデル細胞としてHUVEC細胞による培養評価を行った。その結果、amino-4armPEGにより調製した光分解性ゲル表面上へは、ほとんどHUVEC細胞が接着しなかった(図15)。これはPEGが細胞非接着性の基材であるためで考えらえる(非特許文献9を参照)。それに対して、ゼラチンにより調製したゲル表面上へは、すべてのHUVEC細胞が接着することが明らかとなった(図16A及び図16B)。
図16A及び図16Bの右パネル及び中央パネルに示されるよう、2.5%(w/v)ゼラチン溶液と1.0%(w/v)又は3.0%(w/v)架橋剤により調製したゼラチンベースの光分解性ゲル上では、培養開始3日目に顕著な細胞増殖が確認され、5.0%(w/v)架橋剤濃度を使用したゲルと比較して、細胞増殖に顕著な違いがみられる。本検討結果より、合成した光分解ゲル上における細胞挙動(基材への細胞接着、基材上での細胞伸長、及び基材上での細胞増殖)の相違は、光分解性架橋剤の濃度に起因する可能性が示唆された。
また同様の手法にて、1.25%(w/v)ゼラチン溶液と0.5-2.5%(w/v)架橋剤により調製した光分解性ゲルでの細胞増殖を調べたところ、図17Bに示したように、2.5%(w/v)ゼラチン溶液を用いた結果と同様の傾向が観察されたため、細胞増殖はゼラチン濃度に依存しないことが明らかとなった。本検討結果より、ゼラチン溶液により合成した光分解性ゲル上における細胞接着は、架橋剤濃度にのみ依存して変化すると考えられる。すなわち、ゼラチン基材上の未反応アミノ残基が影響を受けずに存在しているので、未反応アミノ酸残基が細胞接着と細胞増殖に重要であると考えられる。
[HUVEC細胞のパターニング]
2.5%(w/v)ゼラチン溶液と1.0%(w/v)架橋剤により調製した光分解性ゲル上でのHUVEC細胞のパターニングを検証するため、実施例8と同様に光分解性ゲル上で培養したHUVEC細胞に対して、フォトマスクを介した光照射(1.0~3.0J/cm2)を行った。さらに、光照射時の光毒性とゲル分解物の細胞毒性を評価するために、LIVE/DEAD assay kitによる細胞生死判定を行った。
(結果)
光照射後のゲルパターン分解により、HUVEC細胞はゲル孔内へ落下し、中心から周辺へと移動した(図18C及び図18D)。図に示される細胞のパターンは、ゲルの光分解によるものである。したがって、ゲル上における細胞制御をマイクロオーダーで実現できる可能性が示唆された。
さらにゲル上にて伸長した細胞に光照射を施した後に、細胞生死判定を行った結果、光照射領域上の細胞と非照射領域上における細胞で、細胞生死に大きな相違は確認されなかった(図18B-図18D)。すなわち、光照射とゲル分解は、細胞の生存へは影響しないことが明らかとなった。
Claims (17)
- 3以上の分岐鎖を有するポリエチレングリコール主鎖、及び前記分岐鎖を有するポリエチレングリコール主鎖の末端に配置された光分解性のベンジル基、を含み、
前記ベンジル基は、アミノ基又はヒドロキシル基に対する反応性を有する活性エステル基、及び、一つまたは複数のニトロ基を、当該ベンジル基のベンゼン環に有する、光分解性架橋剤。 - 前記活性エステル基がN-ヒドロキシコハク酸イミドの誘導体である請求項1記載の光分解性架橋剤。
- 前記分岐鎖におけるエチレングリコールの平均繰り返し数が20から500の範囲にある請求項1に記載の光分解性架橋剤。
- 前記分岐鎖の数が4又は8である請求項1に記載の光分解性架橋剤。
- 前記ポリエチレングリコール主鎖が、ネオペンチル骨格を有する請求項1に記載の光分解性架橋剤。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の光分解性架橋剤、及び分子内に合計2以上のアミノ基又はヒドロキシル基を有する高分子化合物、を反応させて得られ、前記高分子化合物のアミノ基またはヒドロキシル基が、前記光分解性架橋剤の活性エステル基と縮合して架橋されていることを特徴とする光分解性ゲル。
- 前記高分子化合物が、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリビニルアルコール、塩基性多糖類、タンパク質、およびこれらの誘導体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つである、請求項6に記載の光分解性ゲル。
- 前記高分子化合物が、分岐型のポリエチレングリコール誘導体である、請求項6に記載の光分解性ゲル。
- 前記高分子化合物が、ゼラチンである、請求項6に記載の光分解性ゲル。
- 請求項6に記載の光分解性ゲルからなる層が、細胞培養基材の表面に形成されている細胞培養器具。
- 前記細胞培養基材の少なくとも表面が、スチレン樹脂または細胞接着性材料からなる、請求項10に記載の細胞培養器具。
- 請求項10に記載の細胞培養器具、及び
該細胞培養器具に光を照射する照射部、
を備え、
前記照射部は、光源、及び前記光源からの光を該細胞培養器具の表面の任意の一部領域にのみ照射させる照射領域調整部、を有する、
細胞配列・分別装置。 - 請求項10に記載の細胞培養器具の一部領域にのみ光を照射し、前記一部領域の光分解性ゲルを選択的に分解することによって、前記一部領域の細胞、及び当該一部領域以外の領域にある細胞を分別する工程を有する、細胞分別方法。
- 請求項10に記載の細胞培養器具の一部領域にのみ光を照射し、前記一部領域の光分解性ゲルを選択的に分解することによって、前記一部領域に細胞を配列する工程を有する、細胞配列方法。
- (I)請求項6に記載の光分解性ゲルを形成する工程;
(II)光照射によって前記光分解性ゲルの形状を規定する工程;
(III)前記光分解性ゲルに細胞を播種する工程;及び
(IV)細胞を培養する工程;
を含む、組織体形成方法。 - (I)細胞を内包させた、請求項6に記載の光分解性ゲルを形成する工程;
(II)光照射によって前記光分解性ゲルの構造を規定する工程;及び
(III)細胞を培養する工程;
を含む、組織体形成方法。 - 請求項6に記載の光分解性ゲル、及び細胞、
を含む組織体。
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| WO2016158327A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-10-06 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 脂質膜含有物を固定化するための化合物、当該化合物で修飾された基材、当該基材上に脂質膜含有物をパターニングする方法及び脂質膜含有物を当該基材上で単離する方法 |
| WO2016159380A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-03 | 2016-10-06 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 光分解性ハイドロゲル、培養器具、組織体形成方法及び細胞分離方法 |
| WO2017163463A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-25 | 2017-09-28 | 国立研究開発法人科学技術振興機構 | セルソーティング方法、並びにこれを利用したフローサイトメトリー及びセルソーター |
| JP2018027029A (ja) * | 2016-08-16 | 2018-02-22 | 学校法人 関西大学 | 細胞シート作製装置 |
| JP2018134063A (ja) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-08-30 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 細胞足場材料、細胞モデル、及び細胞足場材料の製造方法 |
| JP2021529241A (ja) * | 2018-06-27 | 2021-10-28 | アルヴェオル | ハイドロゲルを構造化するための一般的な方法 |
| JP2023053575A (ja) * | 2021-10-01 | 2023-04-13 | 株式会社レゾナック | 培養基材及びその製造方法 |
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| CN112142870B (zh) * | 2017-11-15 | 2022-10-18 | 中山光禾医疗科技有限公司 | 光偶合协同交联水凝胶材料的制备、原料、产品及应用 |
| EP4274907A4 (en) | 2021-01-08 | 2025-01-15 | Cellanome, Inc. | DEVICES AND METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES |
| WO2025117820A1 (en) | 2023-11-30 | 2025-06-05 | Cellanome, Inc. | Objective lens assembly |
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| WO2016159380A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-03 | 2016-10-06 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 光分解性ハイドロゲル、培養器具、組織体形成方法及び細胞分離方法 |
| JPWO2016159380A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-03 | 2018-02-08 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 光分解性ハイドロゲル、培養器具、組織体形成方法及び細胞分離方法 |
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| JP2018134063A (ja) * | 2017-02-23 | 2018-08-30 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 細胞足場材料、細胞モデル、及び細胞足場材料の製造方法 |
| JP2021529241A (ja) * | 2018-06-27 | 2021-10-28 | アルヴェオル | ハイドロゲルを構造化するための一般的な方法 |
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| JP7790068B2 (ja) | 2021-10-01 | 2025-12-23 | 株式会社レゾナック | 培養基材及びその製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6056111B2 (ja) | 2017-01-11 |
| JPWO2014188911A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
| EP3000836A4 (en) | 2016-05-18 |
| EP3000836A1 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
| EP3000836B1 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
| US9908972B2 (en) | 2018-03-06 |
| US20160177030A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
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