WO2014163528A1 - Method for breaking down carbonaceous and nitrogen-containing stock and apparatus for carrying out said method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of refining solid domestic and industrial waste with the production of a synthesis gas as the final product. Rarefaction is created in a cylindrical body, with the internal space in the body having been preheated. The stock entering from a loading duct 10 into a receiving part 3 is mixed with the aid of a worm 9 with a rotating and reciprocating motion, with the mixture being heated to a temperature of 120-340̊C with a pressure of 600-500 KPa. Moisture which forms and an initial pyrolysis gas are removed via a gas-extraction mesh 2 into an afterburning combustion chamber 14, into which oxygen in the composition of air is fed via an oxidation pipe. Furthermore, in the stem 5 of the body 1, the stock is subjected to thermodynamic diffusion at a temperature of 340-1000̊C and a pressure of 700-600 KPa, and then to thermodynamic destruction at a temperature of a maximum of 1700̊C and a pressure of 900-700 KPa. Rarefaction in the zones of thermodynamic destruction 6 and thermodynamic diffusion 7 and in the zone of thermodynamic destruction is controlled by changing the rarefaction in the pipes 12 and 13 of the breaking down circuit 11, said pipes belonging to the corresponding zone. The degree of breaking down of the stock is substantially increased.

Description

 The method of destruction of carbon - and nitrogen-containing raw materials

 and device for its implementation

The invention relates to the field of processing of solid household and industrial wastes with the production of synthesis gas as the final product.

State of the art

A known method of burning and dry distillation of solid fuel (Patent RU 2319065 IPC F23B 30/00 publ. 10.03.2002), which includes loading fuel into the chamber, heating it to the exit temperature of volatile, separation of vapor and solid phases and burning the latter in the furnace, , before placing the fuel in the chamber, it is heated from the inside above the temperature at which the bulk of the volatiles exit.

The disadvantage of this method is the batching rate of combustion and the inability to control the completeness and depth of combustion of the fuel, as well as the inability to control the release of thermal energy, the inability to receive and discharge flue gas for its further use.

A device for processing solid fossil fuels is known (Patent RU 2342421 IPC С 10В 53/06 published on 05.27.2012), which contains a reactor at the inlet connected to a feed hopper, at the outlet - with an exhaust channel for a gas-vapor mixture, a furnace equipped with an exhaust channel as well as a feeder located in front of the firebox. The reactor comprises a housing with a mechanism disposed therein for mixing and moving solid fuel a screw along the length of the housing. The housing is connected to a sealing chamber.

 The disadvantage of this device is that it does not allow to take into account the peculiarity of the feedstock and, as a result, the quality of the outlet gas, the reactions that take place are uncontrolled, and external heat sources are involved in the process throughout the entire period.

A known method of multi-stage decomposition of solid fuel by oxidation and a device for implementing the method (Patent RU 2459144 IPC F23B30 / 06 publ. 08/20/2012), which includes a continuous supply of fuel into a cylindrical body with preliminary compression and heating of the original fuel to the temperature of the onset of an active oxidation reaction. Fuel is supplied by moving it with a screw along the axis of the oxidation and preheating zone with a temperature of 350-750 ° C and a pressure of 0-1 MPa, a zone of basic oxidation with a temperature of 500-1000 ° C, a pressure of 0.5-5 MPa. Further, the fuel is fed into the rarefaction zone with a temperature of 700-1,500 ° C and a pressure of 0 - (- 0.9) MPa. After the rarefaction zone, an ash residue leaves through one nozzle, and an exhaust gas with specified physicochemical properties passes through the other nozzle.

 A device for implementing the method consists of a receiving hopper, a cylindrical body with a screw located inside with a variable pitch and breaks in the oxidation zones. Over the oxidation zones made the input pipe of the oxidizing agent. At the opposite end of the casing there is a gas outlet pipe with predetermined characteristics with a vacuum pump located inside the pipe and an ash residue discharge pipe.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the insufficient degree of decomposition of raw materials, as well as the complexity of process control creating at the same time local pressure and local vacuum with simultaneous adjustment of the differential pressure in the zones.

5 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the invention is the creation of an effective method and device for the decomposition of solid fuel and the production of thermal energy, flue gas and synthesis gas with the specified physicochemical properties, temperature, pressure.

 The technical result is achieved in part of the method by the fact that the internal cavity of the housing is preheated before the feed is supplied to the feed channel, the feed coming continuously from the feed channel is moved using a screw that rotates and

15 reciprocating movement and sequentially sent to the initial decomposition chamber, heating to a temperature of 120 - 340 ° C with a pressure of 600-5 OOKPa, the moisture formed and the primary pyrolysis gas are removed through a gas outlet mesh into the chamber, supplying oxygen in the composition of the air to it before receiving

20 oxides of CO, NO, then the raw material is subjected to thermodynamic diffusion at a temperature of 340-1000 ° C and a pressure of 600 - 700 KPa, and then at a temperature of 1700 ° C and a pressure of 900-700 KPa of thermodynamic destruction, while the vacuum in the zone of thermodynamic diffusion and zone thermodynamic destruction regulate

25 by changing the rarefaction in the tubes of the rarefaction circuit belonging to the corresponding zone, the oxygen in the composition of the air is fed into the barrel through the window of the ash channel.

The technical result in part of the device is achieved by the fact that the inner plane of the body is divided by a gas grid into a receiving part with an initial decomposition chamber and a trunk with zones thermodynamic diffusion and thermodynamic destruction, and the receiving part is connected to the feed channel and inside it there is a screw with a constant pitch, connected to a hydraulic cylinder, and each of the zones is connected to the corresponding tubes of the rarefaction circuit, the output of which is connected to the afterburner, at the output of the cylindrical body is installed gas-burner.

In addition, it is advisable to provide the cylindrical circuit and the afterburner with cooling circuits.

Brief Description of the Drawings

 The figure shows a general view of the device.

 The device consists of a cylindrical body 1, the internal cavity of which is separated by a gas outlet grid 2 into a receiving part 3 with an initial decomposition chamber 4 and a barrel 5 with a thermodynamic diffusion zone 6 and a thermodynamic destruction zone 7. A hydraulic cylinder 8 is installed at the inlet of the housing 1, which is connected to the screw 9, having a constant pitch, located in the inner cavity of the receiving part 3. The receiving part 3 is connected to the feed channel 10. The housing 1 is equipped with a rarefaction circuit 1 1, which is connected by tubes 12 and 13 to the thermal zone dynamic diffusion 6 and thermodynamic destruction 7, respectively, and with a afterburner 14 located on top of the housing 1. The barrel 4 of the housing 1 and the afterburner 14 are equipped with cooling casings 15 and 16. The barrel 4 of the housing 1 is connected to the ash residue channel 17, and at the exit the housing is equipped with a starter 18 with a starting ejector 19.

The implementation of the invention The method of destruction of carbon - and nitrogen-containing raw materials is as follows. Preheat the inner space of the cylindrical body 1 using gas

5 burners. The raw material entering the receiving part 3 from the feed channel 10 is moved by means of the screw 9 by rotational and reciprocating motion, heating to a temperature of 120 - 340 °, with a pressure of 600-500 KPa. Moisture and primary

 Due to the pressure difference, the pyrolysis gas is discharged through the gas outlet grid 2 into the chamber 14, into which oxygen in the air is supplied through the oxidation tube. Further, in the barrel 5 of the housing 1, the raw material is subjected to thermodynamic diffusion at a temperature of 340-1000 ° C and a pressure of 700-600 KPa and then at a temperature of not more than 1700 ° C and a pressure of 900-700 KPa of thermodynamic destruction.

15 The depression in the zones of thermodynamic destruction 6 and thermodynamic diffusion 7 and in the zone of thermodynamic destruction is controlled by changing the vacuum in the tubes 12 and 13 of the resolution circuit 1 1 belonging to the corresponding zone. With a decrease or increase in vacuum in each of the tubes 12 and 13

20, the rarefaction in the zone of active thermodynamic diffusion 6 and in the zone of thermodynamic destruction 7 increases or decreases, and the temperature in these zones is also regulated, and the destruction process accelerates or slows down.

 The resulting ash residue is discharged through the ash residue channel 8. 25 The implementation of the proposed solution allows to destroy the feedstock into hydrocarbon compounds plus carbon up to 97% of the feedstock.

Claims

Claim 1. A method of destroying carbon and nitrogen-containing raw materials, 5 comprising supplying carbon and nitrogen-containing raw materials to a cylindrical body, heating it, creating a vacuum in the internal cavity of the body, gas outlet and unloading the ash residue, characterized in that the internal cavity of the body is preheated before being fed of raw materials into the feed channel, coming continuously from the feed channel, the raw materials are transferred using a screw performing a rotational and reciprocal motion, and sequentially sent to the chamber ceiling elements decomposition by heating to a temperature of 120 - 340 ° C with pressure 600-500KPa, the resulting moisture and the primary pyrolysis gas is discharged through a gas mesh 15 into the afterburner, supplying oxygen in the composition of the air to it to produce CO, NO oxides, then the raw material is subjected to thermodynamic diffusion at a temperature of 340-1000 ° С and a pressure of 600 - 700 KPa, and then at a temperature of 1700 ° С and a pressure of 900- 700 kPa - thermodynamic destruction, while rarefaction in the zone 20 thermodynamic diffusion and the zone of thermodynamic destruction are controlled by changing the vacuum in the tubes of the rarefaction circuit belonging to the corresponding zone, oxygen in the composition of the air is fed into the barrel through the window of the ash channel. 2. A device for implementing the method, comprising a 25 cylindrical body, inside which there is a screw, characterized in that the inner plane of the body is divided by a gas grid into a receiving part with an initial decomposition chamber and a barrel with zones of thermodynamic diffusion and thermodynamic SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) destruction, and the receiving part is connected to the feed channel and inside it there is a screw with a constant pitch, connected to a hydraulic cylinder, and each of the zones is connected to the corresponding tubes of the rarefaction circuit, the output of which is connected to the afterburner, a gas burner is installed at the output of the cylindrical body. 3. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the cylindrical circuit and the afterburner are equipped with cooling circuits. SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)