WO2014156549A1 - 緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物及びチーズ様食品 - Google Patents
緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物及びチーズ様食品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014156549A1 WO2014156549A1 PCT/JP2014/055920 JP2014055920W WO2014156549A1 WO 2014156549 A1 WO2014156549 A1 WO 2014156549A1 JP 2014055920 W JP2014055920 W JP 2014055920W WO 2014156549 A1 WO2014156549 A1 WO 2014156549A1
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- mung bean
- bean protein
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- cheese
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23C20/00—Cheese substitutes
- A23C20/02—Cheese substitutes containing neither milk components, nor caseinate, nor lactose, as sources of fats, proteins or carbohydrates
- A23C20/025—Cheese substitutes containing neither milk components, nor caseinate, nor lactose, as sources of fats, proteins or carbohydrates mainly containing proteins from pulses or oilseeds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23C20/00—Cheese substitutes
- A23C20/005—Cheese substitutes mainly containing proteins from pulses or oilseeds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/14—Vegetable proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/40—Pulse curds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L11/00—Pulses, i.e. fruits of leguminous plants, for production of food; Products from legumes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L11/50—Fermented pulses or legumes; Fermentation of pulses or legumes based on the addition of microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/185—Vegetable proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mung bean protein gel composition and a cheese-like food.
- Mung bean (Vigna radiata seeds) is a highly physiological seed used as a kind of Chinese medicine to relieve inflammation in China, and is widely eaten in China and Southeast Asia. In addition, mung beans are not considered as a major food allergen, so they are very useful foods as a protein source.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that mung bean protein is extracted from mung beans and used for bread and cookies. On the other hand, Non-Patent Document 1 describes that although mung bean protein has high cellularity, it has a weak gelling power compared to other types of proteins.
- Gelled foods are foods that utilize the gelling power of proteins and the like, and examples thereof include fermented foods such as cheese and yogurt, and desserts such as jelly and pudding. Many of gelled foods use animal proteins such as milk protein, egg protein, and gelatin. Since these animal proteins are major food allergy-causing foods, many vegetable gelled foods that do not use these ingredients have been studied.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing a processed cheese-like food using egg whites, starches, milk protein, wheat protein, soy protein, gelatin, collagen or the like as a coagulant. However, the processed cheese-like food described in Patent Document 2 is not completely pure and cannot be ingested by patients with milk allergies or egg allergies.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method for producing a pure vegetable cream cheese-like food by mixing soybean protein and vegetable oil and fat and fermenting them with lactic acid bacteria without using animal protein such as milk. .
- the mung bean protein extracted from mung beans is not widely used in food applications, although there are reports in papers. As mentioned above, mung bean protein has less gelling ability than other proteins, so it has only insufficient functions as a gelling agent, and gelled foods utilizing such mung protein gelation are still not available. It is not done.
- the cheese-like food described in Patent Document 3 is purely vegetable, it is not satisfactory from the viewpoint that soybean itself is a kind of major food allergy and the flavor unique to soybean protein. Thus, a pure vegetable cheese-like food having a good flavor without using a main food allergen has not yet been obtained.
- an object of the present invention is to obtain a mung bean protein gel-like composition containing mung bean protein and a cheese-like food using the mung bean protein gel-like composition.
- the mung bean protein gel composition of the present invention contains mung bean protein and alkali metal ions, and contains 50 mM or more of alkali metal ions based on the total amount of mung bean protein gel composition.
- a gel composition having sufficient strength can be obtained without adding animal protein, soybean protein or the like.
- At least one of sodium ion and potassium ion can be used as the alkali metal ion.
- the mung bean protein gel composition may further contain 50% by weight or less of fats and oils based on the total amount of the gel composition.
- the present invention also provides a cheese-like food containing the mung bean protein gel composition and flavor.
- the cheese-like food of the present invention can provide a cheese-like food having a good flavor and texture without using a main allergy-causing food such as animal protein or soybean protein.
- a gel composition having high strength using mung bean protein can be obtained. Therefore, since a gel composition can be provided without using animal protein and soybean protein, even people with allergies to these proteins can eat. Further, since the gel composition of the present invention contains mung bean protein, various nutrients derived from mung bean protein can be ingested. Further, by using the mung bean protein gel composition of the present invention, a cheese-like food having very close physical properties and flavor to cheese can be provided.
- the mung bean protein gel-like composition in this embodiment contains mung bean protein and alkali metal ions.
- the mung bean protein gel-like composition is obtained by mixing a mung bean protein composition containing mung bean protein and an alkali metal ion into an emulsion and solidifying it.
- a mung bean protein composition containing mung bean protein can be used as a mung bean protein source as a raw material for the mung bean protein gel composition.
- mung bean protein composition mung bean soy milk, isolated mung bean protein composition, etc. can be used, these may be used as they are, or those dried may be used, or those dried after sterilization May be used.
- Mung soy milk can be obtained by extracting protein components from round mung beans, destarched mung beans, etc. with water or warm water, and removing starch and dietary fiber components from the extracted solution.
- the protein component of mung soymilk can also be concentrated by treatment with a UF membrane (ultrafiltration membrane).
- the isolated mung bean protein composition can be obtained by concentrating protein from mung bean soy milk by a treatment such as isoelectric precipitation.
- the mung bean protein composition preferably contains 60% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more of mung bean protein as a crude protein amount by dry weight. Therefore, as a round mung bean or a destarched mung bean used as a raw material for mung bean soymilk, it is preferable to use a product having a high protein content in the mung mung bean or the destarched mung bean.
- the isolated mung bean protein composition can be prepared, for example, as follows. That is, water or warm water is added to the round mung beans and immersed for about 10 to 30 hours, and the seed coat is removed with a mesh after pulverization. Thereafter, extraction is performed near neutral pH, and insoluble matter is separated to obtain mung soymilk. Next, the obtained mung bean soymilk is adjusted to around pH 3.5 to 5.5, and the isoelectric point precipitate is recovered as a separated mung bean protein composition.
- Water and an alkaline agent are added to the collected precipitate (separated mung bean protein composition), and the solid content is adjusted to 5 to 15% by weight, pH 5.7 to 8.0, preferably pH 6.8 to 7.5, A liquid isolated mung bean protein composition is obtained.
- the solution thus obtained may be used as it is in the subsequent steps, may be used after drying, or may be used after dissolving again after drying. In the case of drying, sterilization treatment may be performed before drying. Moreover, you may use what dried without neutralizing an isoelectric point precipitate.
- the content of mung bean protein in the mung bean protein gel-like composition is 8.3 to 15.0% by weight as a crude protein amount calculated by the Kjeldahl method, based on the total amount of the mung bean protein gel-like composition.
- the content is preferably 8.3 to 13.3% by weight, more preferably 10.0 to 13.3% by weight.
- the mung bean protein itself is less brittle but can form a strong and characteristic gel.
- Western blotting can be used as a method for measuring the concentration of mung bean protein in the mung bean protein gel composition.
- the mung bean protein gel composition is ground, a sample buffer containing a reducing agent such as SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol is added, and the protein is extracted in boiling water for 10 minutes. Thereafter, SDS-PAGE is performed simultaneously with the sample using mung bean protein (control) adjusted to several concentrations, and transferred to a PVDF (Polyvinylidene difluoride) membrane by a semi-dry method.
- the transferred membrane is reacted with an anti-mung bean protein antibody as a primary antibody, and an antibody labeled with AP (Alkaline phosphatase) or HRP (Horse radish peroxidase) is used as a secondary antibody to react with the primary antibody, and color development by enzyme activity, etc.
- AP Alkaline phosphatase
- HRP Heorse radish peroxidase
- alkali metal ions examples include monovalent ions such as sodium ion or potassium ion. Moreover, 2 or more types chosen from these can also be included in combination.
- salts that can be ionized in an aqueous solution to bring the alkali metal into the form of ions may be added, and salts such as chlorides, carbonates, phosphates, etc. Can be used. Among these salts, it is preferable to use a chloride from the viewpoint of flavor and the like.
- the amount of alkali metal ions contained in the mung bean protein gel composition is preferably 50 mM or more, preferably 3 M or less, more preferably 1 M or less, based on the total amount of the mung protein gel composition. .
- concentration of those should just be in said range.
- the molar concentration (unit M) is used as a term meaning the number of moles contained per liter of the gel composition.
- content of a sodium ion is 50 mol% or more in the total alkali metal ion contained in a mung bean protein gel-like composition.
- the flavor is better than when there are many potassium ions.
- a method for measuring the concentration of alkali metal ions in the mung bean protein gel composition for example, fluorescent X-ray analysis can be used.
- fats and oils You may mix fats and oils with the mung bean protein gel-like composition of this embodiment.
- fats and oils it is possible to use one or more kinds selected from animal and vegetable oils and fats, processed oils and fats such as hydrogenated oils, fractionated oils, transesterified oils, diglycerides, and medium chain fatty acid-containing fats and oils.
- animal fats include beef tallow, milk fat, pork fat, fish oil, whale oil and the like.
- vegetable oils include soybean oil, rapeseed oil, rice oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, monkey fat, shea fat, cocoa butter, Mustard oil and the like.
- the melting point of the oil and fat can be appropriately selected in consideration of the desired hardness of the gel composition, but is preferably 15 to 40 ° C, more preferably 20 to 37 ° C.
- the concentration of fats and oils when fats and oils are contained in the gel composition is preferably 50% by weight or less, more preferably 1 to 50% by weight, further preferably 5 to 40% by weight, based on the total amount of the gel composition. 10 to 30% by weight is particularly preferred.
- a Soxhlet method can be used as a method for measuring the concentration of fats and oils in the mung bean protein gel composition.
- Method for producing mung bean protein gel composition Various methods can be selected as a method for mixing the materials for obtaining the mung bean protein gel composition.
- homogenizing means such as a known homogenizer can be used. By homogenization, an emulsion of the material is obtained.
- the homogenization pressure at that time affects the hardness of the structure of the gel composition, and may be set as appropriate according to the desired quality, but is generally 2.5 to 15 MPa (25 to 150 kg / cm 2). Is appropriate.
- the ingredients can be mixed and homogenized by a food processor, a mixer, a silent cutter, or the like.
- a method for coagulation that is, gelation of the emulsion.
- the emulsion can be coagulated by heating at a temperature of 80 ° C. or higher for an arbitrary time.
- transglutaminase which is a protein cross-linking enzyme, can be coagulated by adding it to the emulsion and reacting it.
- the gel strength and gel properties of the obtained mung bean protein gel composition can be modified by adding an existing gelling agent to the emulsion.
- the mung bean protein gel-like composition obtained by the above method can be provided as it is for eating, and can be provided by being applied to various gelled foods.
- the gelled food include cheese-like food, jelly-like food, and solid food or semi-solid food for elderly people with dysphagia.
- the cheese-like food in the present embodiment contains mung bean protein, alkali metal ions, fats and oils, and is a product obtained by mixing and coagulating these.
- a flavor used for a cheese-like food one having a cheese flavor can be appropriately used.
- the content of the flavor in the cheese-like food is preferably 1.0% by weight or less, more preferably 0.5% by weight or less, based on the total amount of the cheese-like food.
- a cheese-like food can be prepared by coagulating an emulsion obtained by mixing raw materials in the same manner as the gel composition. Moreover, it can also create by making an emulsion acidic and coagulating.
- an acidifying means a method of adding an acid, a method of fermenting lactic acid bacteria, a method of combining them, or the like can be used.
- the emulsion When an acid is added to lower the pH, the emulsion can be used as it is or after being concentrated. When performing lactic acid bacteria fermentation, it is preferable to use an emulsion for a sterilization process previously.
- the sterilization apparatus used for such sterilization is not particularly limited as long as it is a normal sterilization apparatus.
- the sterilization conditions are not particularly limited, but are usually 80 to 160 ° C. for about 3 seconds to 15 minutes.
- Acids for pH adjustment can be used without any limitation, and inorganic acids such as phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, organic acids such as citric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, gluconic acid and GDL (glucono- ⁇ -lactone) These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. It is preferable to use an organic acid in terms of flavor.
- lactic acid bacteria can be those used in ordinary yogurt or cheese, and are not particularly limited.
- Examples of lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus bulgaricus (Lactbacillus bulgaricus), Lactobacillus helveticus (Lactobacillushelveticus), Lactococcus lactis subsp. Cremoris, etc .; (Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis), Lactococcus lactis subsp. Diacetylactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. Diacetylactis, Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis divar, etc.
- a bulk starter prepared in advance can be added, and freeze-concentrated bacteria or freeze-dried concentrated bacteria can also be added directly to the emulsion.
- the addition amount can be adjusted according to fermentation temperature and fermentation time.
- the lactic acid fermentation temperature and time are preferably 20 to 50 ° C. and 3 to 48 hours, more preferably 20 to 45 ° C. and 4 to 30 hours.
- lactic acid bacteria assimilating sugars such as glucose, maltose and lactose
- the amount of lactic acid bacteria-assimilating saccharide added may be sufficient to generate lactic acid depending on the type of lactic acid bacterium used, and is usually about 0.2 to 5% by weight in the emulsion. .
- the pH in the case of adjusting to acid may be appropriately set according to the preference, but is generally pH 3.5 to 6, preferably pH 3.5 to 5.5, more preferably 4 to 5.5. More preferably, it is 4.5 to 5.5.
- pH is 3.5 or more, acidity can be suppressed.
- fermentation is performed as pH is 6 or less, the flavor of fermentation can fully be attached
- a step of separating the whey and collecting the card can be performed.
- the solid content is high, and a solid or semi-solid cream cheese-like food can be produced.
- a conventionally known separation method may be used.
- a centrifuge is suitable for separating whey, but mechanical squeezing or the like can also be used.
- whey is not separated, a cream or cheese-like food that is low in solid content and liquid or pasty can be produced. Whether or not to separate whey can be appropriately determined in consideration of physical properties suitable for the use of the food to be produced.
- the emulsion from which the whey is not separated or the card from which the whey has been removed from the emulsion is heat sterilized.
- fermentation may be performed using raw materials containing alkali metal ions as an emulsion, and fermentation is performed using raw materials excluding alkali metal ions as an emulsion, and alkali metal ions are added after fermentation. May be. There are no particular restrictions on the heating conditions, but a temperature of 70 to 85 ° C. for about 1 second to 15 minutes is appropriate.
- homogenization is performed as necessary to obtain an acidic emulsion.
- means such as a known homogenizer can be used.
- the homogenization pressure at that time is suitably 1.0 to 15 MPa (10 to 150 kg / cm 2). After homogenization, the mixture is cooled to about 4 to 10 ° C. to obtain a cheese-like food.
- the mung bean protein gel-like composition and cheese-like food of this embodiment may contain proteins other than those derived from mung beans, such as soybean protein or milk protein, and flavors such as milk flavor for the purpose of imparting flavor; glutamic acid Seasonings such as soda; various spices; purees such as fruit puree; powders such as fruit powder; sweeteners such as sucrose, glucose, sorbitol, aspartame, stevia and the like.
- oil-soluble pigments such as ⁇ -carotene and annatto color can be included for the purpose of adjusting the color tone.
- additives such as thickening stabilizers such as starch or water-soluble soybean polysaccharide and various preservatives can also be included.
- the moisture content in cheese-like foods may be adjusted according to the required physical properties because the higher the content, the closer the physical properties of the food are to a paste or liquid, and the lower the content, the closer to solid.
- emulsifier such as lecithin, fatty acid ester, organic acid monoglyceride; locust bean gum, guar gum, xanthan gum, gum arabic, agar, gelatin
- a gelling agent such as It should be noted that if used too much, the flavor or texture will be impaired. On the contrary, the present invention is advantageous in that a gel composition or a cheese-like food can be produced without using a large amount of such an additive.
- the amount added is preferably less than 0.5% by weight, more preferably less than 0.2% in the total amount of mung bean protein gel composition or cheese-like food, and Less than 1% is more preferred, and less than 0.05% is most preferred.
- the mung bean protein gel composition and the cheese-like food of the present embodiment can be provided for eating as they are, and for example, substitutes such as spread, filling, fresh cream, sour cream, sauces such as cream sauce, curry sauce, etc. It can be widely used as a food material such as cheesecake, pudding, and confectionery materials such as Bavaroa.
- the obtained mung soy milk was heated at 120 ° C. for 10 seconds each with a continuous direct heating sterilizer (manufactured by Alfa Laval Co., Ltd.) and spray-dried with a spray dryer to obtain mung soy milk powder.
- the protein content (% by weight) and pH in the obtained mung bean milk powder, separated mung bean protein composition and separated chick pea protein composition were measured.
- the protein content was expressed as a crude protein content (CP / dry) obtained by multiplying the nitrogen amount measured by the Kjeldahl method by a nitrogen coefficient of 6.25. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Non-fat mung bean protein gel composition (Non-fat mung bean protein gel composition) (Comparative Example 1) The effect of alkali metal salt addition on the gelation of mung bean protein composition was examined. First, as Comparative Example 1, 30 g of the separated mung bean protein composition (15.1 wt% as a crude protein content with respect to the total amount of mung bean protein gel composition) was added to 135 g of water, and heated at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes. Mung bean protein gel composition A was obtained.
- Examples 1 to 3 Next, as Examples 1 and 2, Comparative Example 1 except that NaCl or KCl was added so that sodium or potassium as alkali metal ions would be 50, 100, 150, or 200 mM based on the total amount of the gel composition. Samples were prepared in the same manner as above to obtain mung bean protein gel compositions B to I. Moreover, as Example 3, NaCl and KCl are adjusted to 70 mM: 30 mM, 50 mM: 50 mM, and 30 mM: 70 mM based on the total amount of mung bean protein gel composition so that the total concentration of sodium and potassium is 100 mM. Samples were prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that each was added to obtain mung bean protein gel compositions J to L.
- the gel strength of the mung bean protein gel composition obtained in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 to 3 was measured.
- a method for measuring the gel strength a sample of a gel composition having a thickness of 20 mm was prepared, and evaluation was performed using a 5 mm spherical plunger and a Leoner (manufactured by Yamaden Co., Ltd.).
- the breaking strength (gf) and breaking deformation (cm) were measured, and the product of these values was evaluated as the gel strength (gf ⁇ cm).
- the results are shown in Table 2. From the measurement results, in Comparative Example 1 in which no alkali metal ions were added, the gel strength was 21.3 gf ⁇ cm, whereas all of the alkali metal salts NaCl and KCl were added.
- Non-patent Document 1 (Effects of alkali metal ion concentration and mung bean protein concentration on gel formation)
- the isolated mung bean protein gels when the protein composition concentration in the solution is 16 wt% or more (crude protein concentration is 13.7 wt%).
- the effects of the alkali metal ion concentration and the mung bean protein concentration on the gelation of the isolated mung bean protein were examined.
- the NaCl concentration in the total amount of the gel-like composition is 30, 50, 100, 150 or 200 mM
- the mung bean protein concentration in the total amount of the gel-like composition is the crude protein concentration.
- a solution was prepared by dispersing in water to 10.0, 11.6, or 13.3% by weight.
- the uniformly mixed solution was filled in a casing having a diameter of 25 mm, heated in an 80 ° C. hot water bath for 30 minutes, cooled with water, and taken out from the casing. After taking out, what was gelatinized and which maintained the shape was evaluated as A, and what was not gelled was evaluated as B.
- Table 3 The results are shown in Table 3.
- the alkali metal salt concentration in the total amount of the mixed solution is 30 mM, as in the result shown in Non-Patent Document 1, if the crude protein content in the gel of the isolated mung bean protein composition does not reach 13% by weight, the gel It did not turn. On the other hand, when the alkali metal salt concentration was 50 m or more, it was confirmed that gelation occurred even when the crude protein content in the gel of the isolated mung bean protein composition was 10% by weight. From the above, it was newly discovered that the minimum gelation concentration of the isolated mung bean protein composition is improved by adding an alkali metal salt.
- the gel strength of the obtained oil-containing protein gel-like composition was evaluated by the same method as the evaluation of the above-described non-fat mung bean protein gel-like composition using Leoner. The results are shown in Table 4.
- the gel strength was greatly enhanced by adding NaCl.
- a gel composition was prepared using isolated soybean protein, it was confirmed that the gel strength was reduced by the addition of alkali metal ions. This indicates that the isolated mung bean protein composition is specifically enhanced in gel strength by adding alkali metal ions.
- this function was the same for mung bean milk powder, and although the gel strength itself was inferior to that of the isolated mung bean protein composition, it was confirmed that gel strength was enhanced by adding alkali metal ions to mung bean milk powder.
- the gelation ability of the obtained cheese-like food was evaluated. As an evaluation standard, after taking out from the casing, it was gelled and kept in shape, A, and B that did not keep the shape. Further, the presence or absence of oil-off (separation of oil and fat) was observed. The results are shown in Table 6. In the case of using the isolated mung bean protein composition, mung bean milk powder and the isolated soy protein composition (Examples 7 and 8 and Comparative Example 6), a gel that keeps the shape good can be formed and obtained. No oil-off was observed in the gel composition. On the other hand, when the separated pea protein composition and the separated chickpea protein composition were used (Comparative Examples 7 and 8), many oils were off and a good gel could not be formed.
- Example 7 The physical properties of the cheese-like foods obtained in Example 7 and Comparative Example 6 were evaluated.
- Commercially available process cheese (Rokko Butter Co., Ltd .: baby cheese (plain)) was used. These were cut into a thickness of 12 mm and evaluated using a Leoner (manufactured by Yamaden Co., Ltd.) using a 5 mm spherical plunger.
- breaking deformation (mm), breaking strain rate (%), brittleness deformation (mm) and brittle strain rate (%) were measured.
- Fragility deformation is the deformation distance from the breaking point to the brittleness point
- brittleness distortion is the ratio of brittleness deformation to the original thickness of the sample.
- the point of brittleness is a point where the stress starts to rise again when the plunger is further entered after the fracture in the fracture test. The results are shown in Table 8.
- Example 7 using the isolated mung bean protein composition, the brittleness deformation and the brittleness distortion rate were almost the same as the control, and the breaking deformation and the breaking strain rate were closer to the control than the isolated soybean protein gel. .
- the cheese-like food using the isolated mung bean protein composition has physical properties closer to those of processed cheese. From the above, it was confirmed that the cheese-like food exhibits a flavor and physical properties close to those of a general process cheese by using the isolated mung bean protein composition among other vegetable protein compositions.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態における緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物は、緑豆蛋白とアルカリ金属イオンとを含む。緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物は、緑豆蛋白を含む緑豆蛋白組成物とアルカリ金属イオンとを混合して乳化物とし、凝固させることによって得られる。
緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物の原料となる緑豆蛋白源として、緑豆蛋白を含む緑豆蛋白組成物を利用できる。緑豆蛋白組成物として、緑豆豆乳、分離緑豆蛋白組成物等を用いることができ、これらをそのまま利用してもよく、これらを乾燥したものを利用してもよく、これらを殺菌後に乾燥したものを利用してもよい。緑豆豆乳は、丸緑豆又は脱澱粉緑豆等から蛋白成分を水又は温水で抽出し、抽出した溶液から澱粉及び食物繊維成分を除去することにより得ることができる。また、UF膜(限界ろ過膜)による処理等により、緑豆豆乳の蛋白成分を濃縮することもできる。分離緑豆蛋白組成物は、緑豆豆乳から等電点沈殿等の処理により蛋白を濃縮することによって得ることができる。なお、緑豆蛋白組成物は、粗蛋白量として緑豆蛋白を乾燥重量で60重量%以上含むことが好ましく、80重量%以上含むことがより好ましい。したがって、緑豆豆乳等の原料となる丸緑豆又は脱澱粉緑豆として、丸緑豆又は脱澱粉緑豆中における蛋白質の含有率が高いものを用いることがよい。
を反応させ、AP(Alkaline phosphatase)又はHRP(Horse radishperoxidase)等で標識された抗体を二次抗体として用いて一次抗体と反応させ、酵素活性による発色等により、緑豆蛋白を定量することができる。
アルカリ金属イオンとしては、ナトリウムイオン又はカリウムイオン等の1価イオン類を例示できる。また、これらから選ばれる2種以上を組み合わせて含むこともできる。アルカリ金属イオンをゲル状組成物に供給するためには、水溶液中で電離しアルカリ金属をイオンの形態としてもたらすことのできる塩類を添加すればよく、塩化物、炭酸塩、リン酸塩等の塩類を用いることができる。これらの塩類の中でも、風味等の点から、塩化物を用いることが好ましい。緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物に含まれるアルカリ金属イオンの量は、緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物全量を基準として50mM以上であることが好ましく、3M以下であることが好ましく、1M以下であることがより好ましい。また、2種以上のアルカリ金属イオンを用いる場合には、それらの合計の濃度が上記の範囲内であればよい。なお、本明細書では、モル濃度(単位M)を、ゲル状組成物1L当たりに含まれるモル数を意味する語として使用している。また、ナトリウムイオンの含有量は、緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物に含まれる総アルカリ金属イオン中の50mol%以上であることが好ましい。ナトリウムイオンの含有量が50mol%以上であると、カリウムイオンが多い場合と比較して風味が良好である。緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物中のアルカリ金属イオンの濃度測定方法としては、例えば蛍光X線分析法を用いることができる。
本実施形態の緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物には、油脂を混合してもよい。油脂としては、動植物性油脂、及びこれらを原料とする硬化油、分別油、エステル交換油、ジグリセリド、中鎖脂肪酸含有油脂等の加工油脂から選択される1種又は2種以上を使用することができる。動物性油脂の例としては、牛脂、乳脂、豚脂、魚油、鯨油等が挙げられる。植物性油脂の例としては、大豆油、菜種油、米油、ヒマワリ油、サフラワー油、パーム油、パーム核油、ヤシ油、コーン油、綿実油、落花生油、サル脂、シア脂、カカオ脂、からし油等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、植物性油脂を使用することが好ましい。特にパーム分別油又は菜種硬化油を用いると、口溶けの良好な食感を付与できるため、より好ましい。油脂の融点は、所望するゲル状組成物の硬さを考慮し適宜選択できるが、15~40℃が好ましく、20~37℃がより好ましい。ゲル状組成物に油脂を含有させる場合の油脂の濃度としては、ゲル状組成物全量を基準として、50重量%以下が好ましく、1~50重量%がより好ましく、5~40重量%がさらに好ましく、10~30重量%が特に好ましい。緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物中の油脂の濃度測定方法としては、例えばソックスレー法を用いることができる。
緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物を得るための材料の混合方法としては、様々な方法を選択することができ、例えば、公知のホモゲナイザー等の均質化手段を利用することができる。均質化により、材料の乳化物が得られる。その際の均質化圧力は、ゲル状組成物の組織の硬さに影響するので、好みの品質に応じて適宜設定すればよいが、一般には2.5~15MPa(25~150kg/cm2)が適当である。また、プロセスチーズ様の食感を求める場合には、フードプロセッサー、ミキサー、サイレントカッター等により材料を混合し均質化することもできる。
本実施形態におけるチーズ様食品とは、緑豆蛋白、アルカリ金属イオン、油脂及びフレーバーを含むものであり、これらを混合し、凝固させた物である。チーズ様食品に用いられるフレーバーとしては、チーズ風味を有するものを適宜用いることができる。チーズ様食品中のフレーバーの含有量は、チーズ様食品全量を基準として1.0重量%以下であることが好ましく、0.5重量%以下であることがより好ましい。
チス・サブスピーシーズ・ラクチス(Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis)、ラクトコッカス・ラクチス・サブスピーシーズ・ジアセチラクチス(Lactococcus lactis subsp.diacetylactis)、ラクトコッカス・ラクチス・サブスピーシーズ・ラクチス・バイオバー・ジアセチラクチス(Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis)等のラ
クトコッカス属;ストレプトコッカス・サーモフィラス(Streptococcus thermophilus)等のストレプトコッカス属;ロイコノストック・メセンテオリデス・サブスピーシーズ・クレモリス(Leuconostoc mesenteorides subsp.cremoris)、ロイコノストック・シュードメセンテオリデス(Leuconostoc pseudomesenteorides)等のロイコノストック属;ビ
フィドバクテリウム・ビフィダム(Bifidobacterium bifidum)、ビフィドバクテリウム
・ロンガム(Bifidobacteriumlongum)、ビフィドバクテリウム・ブレーベ(Bifidobacterium breve)等のビフィドバクテリウム属等の公知の菌株を用いることができる。また、これらの乳酸菌は1種を単独で又は2種以上の任意の組み合わせで使用することができる。
却して、チーズ様食品を得る。
ア等の洋菓子材料等の食品素材として広く利用することができる。
水5重量部に丸緑豆1重量部を加えて、22時間浸漬させ、定法により皮部と胚部を分離した。その後、コロイドミル(特殊機化工業株式会社製)を用いて粉砕を行い、pHを8.5に調整後、ホモミキサー(特殊機化工業株式会社製)で撹拌しながら50℃、30分間抽出を行い、3,000×gで遠心分離して不溶物を除き、緑豆豆乳を得た。
緑豆豆乳粉末の調製方法と同様に緑豆豆乳を得た。得られた緑豆豆乳を、塩酸でpH4.5に調整して等電点沈殿させ、遠心分離して酸沈カードを得た。これに4倍量の水を加えて水酸化ナトリウムでpH7.0に調整し、分離緑豆蛋白組成物を含有する溶液を得た。得られた溶液を120℃でそれぞれ10秒間、連続式直接加熱方式殺菌機(アルファ・ラバル株式会社製)で加熱を行い、スプレードライヤーで噴霧乾燥を行い、分離緑豆蛋白組成物を得た。
脱皮ひよこ豆を用いて、分離緑豆蛋白組成物と同様の方法により、分離ひよこ豆蛋白組成物を得た。
(比較例1)
アルカリ金属塩添加が緑豆蛋白組成物のゲル化に及ぼす影響について検証した。まず比較例1として、水135gに上記分離緑豆蛋白組成物30g(緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物の全量に対して粗蛋白含量として15.1重量%)を添加し、80℃で30分加熱し、緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物Aを得た。
次に実施例1、2として、アルカリ金属イオンとしてナトリウム又はカリウムがゲル状組成物全量を基準として50、100、150、200mMとなるように、NaCl又はKClをそれぞれ添加した以外は、比較例1と同様にサンプルを調製し、緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物B~Iを得た。また、実施例3として、ナトリウムとカリウムの合計濃度が100mMとなるように、NaClとKClを、緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物全量を基準として70mM:30mM、50mM:50mM、30mM:70mMとなるようにそれぞれ添加した以外は、比較例1と同様にサンプルを調製し、緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物J~Lを得た。
非特許文献1において、分離緑豆蛋白は、溶液中の蛋白組成物濃度を16重量%以上(粗蛋白濃度として13.7重量%)にすることでゲル化することが報告されている。また、上記の無脂緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物の検討では、アルカリ金属塩を添加することにより緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物のゲル強度をさらに向上させることに成功させている。ここでは、アルカリ金属イオンの濃度と緑豆蛋白の濃度が分離緑豆蛋白のゲル化に及ぼす影響について、検証を行った。評価方法としてはまず、表3に示すように、ゲル状組成物全量中のNaCl濃度を30、50、100、150又は200mMとし、ゲル状組成物全量中の緑豆蛋白濃度を、粗蛋白濃度として10.0、11.6又は13.3重量%になるように水に分散させ、それぞれ溶液を調製した。次に、均一に混合した溶液を直径25mmのケーシングに充填し、80℃湯浴中で30分加熱し、水冷し、ケーシングから取り出した。取り出した後、ゲル化して形状を保っているものをA、ゲル化しなかったものをBとして評価した。結果を表3に示した。
表4に示す配合割合で、各種の蛋白組成物、水及び大豆白絞油を混合し、ワーリングブレンダーにより均一なペーストを作製した。蛋白組成物としては、分離緑豆蛋白組成物、分離大豆蛋白(商品名フジプロE、不二製油株式会社製)及び緑豆豆乳粉末を用い、それぞれゲル状組成物全量に対して粗蛋白含量が13.3重量%となるように調製した。ペーストを80℃湯浴中で30分間加熱したあと水冷し、比較例2~4の含脂蛋白ゲル状組成物を得た。また、比較例2~4の各配合に加えて、含脂蛋白ゲル状組成物全量を基準としてNaClを200mM添加したものを同様に製造し、実施例5、6及び比較例5の含脂蛋白ゲル状組成物を得た。
表5に示す配合割合で、実施例7、8として分離緑豆蛋白組成物又は緑豆豆乳粉末を含むチーズ様食品を製造した。また、比較例6~8として、分離大豆蛋白組成物、分離エンドウ蛋白組成物(商品名NUTRALYS S85F、ロケット社製)又は分離ひよこ豆蛋白組成物を含むチーズ様食品を製造した。表5中の配合割合単位は重量部である。製造方法としては、各種蛋白組成物14重量部(粗蛋白含量として11.6重量部)に対して、水59重量部を添加し、ロボクープ(株式会社エフ・エム・アイ社製)を使用して充分に混錬した。その後、菜種油を25重量部加え混練後、食塩を1.5重量部(チーズ様食品全量に対し257mM)添加し、充分に混錬した後に、チーズフレーバー2種を計0.1重量部添加し、80℃で30分間加熱し、各種蛋白組成物を含むチーズ様食品を得た。
分離緑豆蛋白又は分離大豆蛋白を含むチーズ様食品について、一般パネリスト12名による官能評価を行った。食感の官能評価については、硬さ、非弾性及び伸展性を評価項目とし、これらについて市販品プロセスチーズ(六甲バター社製:ベビーチーズ(プレーン))を5段階評価の5として相対評価を行った。また、風味の官能評価については、チーズフレーバーとの相性が良いものを5、フレーバーの乗りが良いものを5、異味が感じられないものを5としてそれぞれ5段階で相対評価を行った。硬さ、非弾性及び伸展性の3項目の平均点を、食感のチーズらしさの点数とし、チーズフレーバーとの相性、フレーバーの乗り及び異味のなさの3項目の平均点を、風味のチーズらしさの点数とした。結果を表7に示した。すべての項目について、分離緑豆蛋白組成物を用いた場合の方が、分離大豆蛋白組成物を用いた場合よりも高く良好な評価であった。また、食感については、分離緑豆蛋白組成物を用いることにより、市販品のプロセスチーズにより近い食感を有するチーズ様食品を作製することができた。
実施例7及び比較例6で得られたチーズ様食品の物性について物性を評価した。コントロールとして市販品プロセスチーズ(六甲バター社製:ベビーチーズ(プレーン))を用いた。これらを厚さ12mmに切り分け、5mmの球形プランジャーを用い、レオナー(株式会社山電製)を使用して評価を行った。物性の評価項目としては、破断変形(mm)、破断歪率(%)、もろさ変形(mm)及びもろさ歪率(%)を測定した。もろさ変形とは、破断点からもろさの点までの変形距離であり、もろさ歪率とは、サンプルのもとの厚さに対するもろさ変形の比率である。また、もろさの点とは、上記破断試験において、破断後にさらにプランジャーを進入させた際に、応力が再び上昇に転じる点である。結果を表8に示した。
Claims (4)
- 緑豆蛋白とアルカリ金属イオンとを含む緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物であって、緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物全量を基準としてアルカリ金属イオンを50mM以上含む、緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物。
- アルカリ金属イオンがナトリウムイオン及びカリウムイオンの少なくとも一方である、請求項1記載の緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物。
- さらに、緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物全量を基準として油脂を50重量%以下含む、請求項1又は2記載の緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物。
- 請求項3記載の緑豆蛋白ゲル状組成物とフレーバーとを含有するチーズ様食品。
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- 2014-03-07 US US14/778,358 patent/US10390544B2/en active Active
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| EP2984936A1 (en) * | 2014-08-07 | 2016-02-17 | Fuji Oil Company, Limited | Gelled composition of mung bean protein and cheese-like food |
| JP2019509036A (ja) * | 2016-02-19 | 2019-04-04 | ジャスト, インコーポレイテッドJust, Inc. | 緑豆由来の機能性組成物 |
| JP7025618B2 (ja) | 2016-02-19 | 2022-02-25 | イート ジャスト, インコーポレイテッド | 緑豆由来の機能性組成物 |
| JP2022058645A (ja) * | 2016-02-19 | 2022-04-12 | イート ジャスト, インコーポレイテッド | 緑豆由来の機能性組成物 |
| JP7390409B2 (ja) | 2016-02-19 | 2023-12-01 | イート ジャスト, インコーポレイテッド | 緑豆由来の機能性組成物 |
| US20220117261A1 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2022-04-21 | Glanbia Nutritionals Limited | Protein Compositions for Plant-Based Food Products and Methods for Making |
| US12295386B2 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2025-05-13 | Glanbia Nutritionals Limited | Protein compositions for plant-based food products and methods for making |
| JP2023515818A (ja) * | 2020-02-28 | 2023-04-14 | インポッシブル フーズ インコーポレイテッド | タンパク質生産のための材料および方法 |
| JP2023551338A (ja) * | 2020-12-01 | 2023-12-07 | オッドリーグッド・グローバル・オサケユフティオ | 非乳製品ゲルの製造方法 |
| JP2023551337A (ja) * | 2020-12-01 | 2023-12-07 | オッドリーグッド・グローバル・オサケユフティオ | 非乳製品チーズの製造方法、および非乳製品チーズ |
| WO2023068367A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-22 | 2023-04-27 | 光淳 角田 | 大豆製肉様食材の製造方法 |
| KR20250029052A (ko) | 2022-06-29 | 2025-03-04 | 가부시키가이샤 아데카 | 이미테이션 치즈와 그 제조 방법, 및 이미테이션 치즈를 사용한 식품 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20160050951A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
| JP6332266B2 (ja) | 2018-05-30 |
| JPWO2014156549A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
| US10390544B2 (en) | 2019-08-27 |
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