WO2014153582A1 - Method for establishing the individual exposure of a person by the current solar radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for establishing the individual exposure of a person by the current solar radiation, comprising at least one UV sensor (1), which has a predetermined sensitivity (D(λ)) depending on the respective wavelength (λ), wherein the sensor value established by the UV sensor (1) or at least a value derived therefrom is transmitted wirelessly, more particularly by means of an NFC radio link, to a data communications device (20), more particularly a mobile communications device, and wherein, using the data communications device (20), a) an effective radiant flux density S_eff is established by applying a calculation specification to the sensor value established by the UV sensor (1) or to values derived therefrom, b) an individual value IND depending on the individual skin type of the person is prescribed or established in advance, and c) an individual exposure value BI is established for the person on the basis of the effective radiant flux density S_eff and the exposure value BI, in particular according to the equation BI = S_eff/IND.

Description

 Method for determining the individual load of a

 Person by the momentary solar radiation

The invention relates to a method for determining the individual load of a person by the solar radiation and a sensor element for determining the individual load of a person.

It is known from the prior art that long-acting, intense solar radiation adversely affects the human body, in particular the human skin. In particular, intense solar radiation can damage the skin sustainably in a photochemical way. For example, skin cancer can occur as a late consequence of sun exposure. The cause of the damage to human skin is the ultraviolet spectral content contained in sunlight. The effect of exposure to solar radiation with a specific UV radiation intensity varies from person to person. How long one can expose unprotected human skin to solar radiation, without fear of relevant damage depends on the one hand on different factors of radiation and on the other hand on the individual sensitivity of the human skin. Furthermore, from the prior art devices for measuring the UV exposure and for determining the UV exposure of people, to determine the maximum allowable length of stay of people in the sun and to determine the necessary sun protection factors, taking into account the skin type known. However, all of these devices and concepts for determining the individual load of individuals are based on relatively expensive and unwieldy hardware, which must be equipped with its own power supply. It is also necessary to prepare the measurement of the UV irradiation by wire and to guide the respective raw measurement data to a postprocessing unit downstream of the measuring device. Such a procedure is relatively complicated, so that it is not readily possible for individuals to determine at any time the individual exposure to them from the sun's rays.

The object of the invention is thus to provide a reliable, simple and cost-effective and available for everyone and usable method for determining the individual load by the present solar radiation and a measuring device for determining the individual load by the present solar radiation, which supports the user sufficiently to protect against sunburn. The invention solves this problem in a method of the type mentioned above with the features of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention solves the problem with a sensor element of the type mentioned above with the characterizing features of claim 17.

The invention relates to a method for determining the individual load of a person by the instantaneous solar radiation, with at least one UV sensor having a predetermined sensitivity dependent on the respective wavelength, wherein the sensor value determined by the UV sensor or at least one value derived therefrom be transmitted wirelessly, in particular by means of NFC radio to a data communication device, in particular to a mobile device, and

being with the data communication device

a) an effective irradiance S _e tf is determined by applying a calculation rule to the sensor value determined from the UV sensor or from values derived therefrom,

b) an individual value IND dependent on the individual skin type of the person or predefined, and

c) for the person an individual load value Bl on the basis of the effective irradiance S _e tf and the load value Bl, in particular according to the formula Bl

= S _eff / IND.

 By this particular method, it is possible to make the determination of the individual load by the instantaneous solar radiation of the respective person directly on site. A complex further processing of the recorded measured values can be omitted.

In order to carry out a determination of the individual load by the instantaneous solar radiation, which is particularly adapted to the different damage effect of different proportions of beams in the ultraviolet spectrum, it can be provided that the optical radiation impinging on the UV sensor from the sun is in each case assigned to one of the UV sensors and filtered upstream filter having a predetermined filter characteristic and then impinges on the UV sensor, wherein the filter is permeable to at least a portion of the incoming UV radiation thereon. A simple adaptation of the determination of the individual load of a person by the current solar radiation to different environmental influencing factors to enable, can be provided that to determine the effective Irradiance S _e t _f the sensor value determined by the UV sensor is weighted with a correction factor, which is calculated from the sensor signal and / or from data available in a database. This can be provided for easy adjustment of the determination of the individual load to the respective geographical position or current day and season,

 - that the geographical position of the person, in particular by means of GPS, is determined,

- that the current date and the current day and season are determined, and - that using the determined position, the current date and the current

One or more database values held in a database are retrieved, a correction factor is determined from these database values and these are used to calculate the effective irradiance S _en . In order to enable a determination of the effective irradiance at which no data communication with external servers is required, it may be provided that the database values used to determine the effective irradiance S _e n are at least partially stored locally on the data communication device. For the same purpose it can also be provided that the database values used to determine the effective irradiance S _{e f f} are continuously queried by the data communication device from a data provider, in particular via the Internet.

To take account of the different effects of different proportions of the ultraviolet radiation on the harmful for humans effective radiation power can be provided that with multiple UV sensors each separate sensor values for each predetermined and mutually different wavelength ranges in the ultraviolet radiation are determined and that the effective radiation power S _{en is} determined by a predetermined calculation rule, in particular a weighted sum, is applied to the individual determined sensor values.

A particularly simple procedure in the determination of the individual exposure to solar radiation provides that UV sensors with comparable characteristics are used to determine the sensor values, the sunlight striking each UV sensor being filtered by means of a filter, each of the filters a predetermined wavelength range of maximum permeability, which differs from the wavelength ranges of maximum permeability of the other filters is and wherein the incoming UV radiation in the remaining wavelength ranges is suppressed by the respective filter.

In order to achieve an advantageous weighting of the individual ultraviolet radiation components harmful to the human organism, provision can be made for two UV sensors to be used to determine sensor values, the first sensor for UVA radiation, in particular in a wavelength range from 315 nm to 400 nm nm, is sensitive and the second sensor is sensitive to UVB radiation, in particular in a wavelength range from 280 nm to 315 nm.

To determine the person-dependent individual value, it may be provided that the minimum erythema dose is determined for the person and the person-dependent individual value IND is determined as the ratio between the minimum erythema dose of the person and the minimum erythema dose of a reference person.

To determine a maximum recommended residence time of a person in the sun can be provided that a maximum radiation dose D _{max is given} for a reference person, which is in particular the minimum erythema dose or a fraction of the minimum erythema dose of the reference person equated, the recommended residence time according to t _max = D _max / Bl is set.

In order to take account of time-varying solar irradiation intensities, it can be provided that

 - That each time the individual load value Bl for the person is determined at predetermined time intervals and that a number of interval radiation doses as

Product of each determined load value is determined with the respective time interval and that the sum of the individual interval radiation doses is continuously determined,

- that a maximum radiation dose given for a reference person, in particular the minimum erythema dose or a fraction or multiple of the minimum erythema dose of the reference person is equated, and

 - That in the event that this determined sum exceeds a predetermined maximum radiation dose for a reference person or a fraction or a multiple thereof, in particular the minimum erythema dose of the reference person, an alarm is triggered and in particular the person is warned.

In order to take into account the influence of sunscreen or other sunscreen on the respective load of a person, it may be provided that the A person applies or uses sunscreen or other skin sunscreens with a predetermined sun protection factor on the skin, and in the formation of the stress value, weighting the person-dependent individual value with the sun protection factor.

In order to be able to carry out a measurement with a particularly simple sensor element, provision may be made for a UV sensor or UV sensors to be arranged on a, in particular flat, carrier, with the filters optionally being arranged in layers on the carrier via the UV sensors , and

that the sensor values determined by the UV sensors or values derived therefrom are transmitted wirelessly, in particular by means of NFC radio, to a data communication device, in particular to a mobile radio device, and that the effective irradiance S _{en is} determined and made available, in particular, by the data communication device and is displayed in particular.

For easy determination of the skin type and thus of the individual value, it may be provided that for determining the skin type, a digital camera connected in digital communication with the data communication device is used, which is directed to the skin of the person and due to the color and brightness of the skin, the individual value IND Based colorimetric evaluations of the image signal is determined.

To simply determine the individual skin type with the digital camera of a data communication device, such as a digital camera. a mobile phone, can be provided in particular that in particular the incident on the digital camera optical radiation is filtered by a further filter, which is preferably formed as part of the carrier in a window in the carrier, the further filter optical radiation in one Wavelength range below 380 nm and suppressed above 780 nm. In order to ensure safe operation without external electrical power supply, it can be provided that the communication controller, the signal conditioning unit and the analog-to-digital converter are supplied with electrical energy by a photovoltaic cell and / or, in particular, exclusively by the electromagnetic field in the area of the antenna will, and / or

in that the electrical energy supplied for the supply of the communication controller, the signal processing unit and the analog-to-digital converter in one, in particular stored on the sensor element, accumulator is stored and kept available.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a sensor element comprising a carrier, in particular flat and / or in check card format, and at least one UV sensor arranged on the carrier,

 - Wherein on the carrier at least one communication controller, an antenna and a signal conditioning unit are arranged, wherein the communication controller supplied by the UV sensor downstream signal conditioning unit signals are supplied and wherein the communication controller controls the antenna, and wherein the communication controller at the arrival of predetermined electromagnetic Signals on the antenna, the respective detected by the UV sensor, and in particular processed by the signal conditioning unit measured values and drives the antenna to deliver a message corresponding to the measured value.

With this sensor element, it is possible, in combination with a data communication device, in particular a mobile phone, to quickly and easily determine the individual load of a person by the instantaneous solar radiation. A simple structure, which manages with a broadband UV sensor, provides that the sensitive part of the UV sensor is covered or superimposed by a filter which has a predetermined filter characteristic and is permeable to at least part of the UV radiation. A simple structure, which manages with identically formed UV sensors, provides that a plurality of UV sensors are provided, which are sensitive to respectively predetermined and mutually different wavelength ranges in the range of ultraviolet radiation. In this case, provision may be made, in particular, for the UV sensors to be of similar configuration with respect to the wavelength dependence of their respective sensitivity, and for each filter to have a predetermined wavelength range of maximum permeability which is different from the wavelength ranges of maximum permeability of the remaining filters and where the respective filter is the incoming UV Radiation suppressed in the remaining wavelength ranges. For the advantageous differentiation of individual differently harmful wavelength components of the ultraviolet radiation it can be provided that exactly two UV sensors for determining sensor values, wherein the first sensor for UVA radiation, especially in a wavelength range of 315 nm to 400 nm, sensitive and the second Sensor for UVB radiation, especially in a wavelength range of 280 nm to 315 nm, is sensitive.

In order to ensure a simple continuous power supply and to achieve a continuous measurement, it can be provided that the sensor element has a photovoltaic cell for the electrical power supply of the communication controller and / or the digital converter of the signal conditioning unit.

In order to avoid short-term voltage fluctuations, it may be provided that the sensor element has an accumulator connected downstream of the photovoltaic cell or the antenna for the electrical power supply of the communication controller and / or the signal conditioning unit and / or the digital converter.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the electrical power supply of the communication controller and / or the digital converter and / or the signal conditioning unit is removed exclusively in the electromagnetic field in the region of the antenna.

To simply determine the individual skin type with the digital camera of a data communication device, such as a digital camera. a mobile phone, can be provided in particular that a further filter, which is designed as part of the carrier and the incident on the sensors optical radiation in a wavelength range below 380 nm and above 720 nm suppressed, the filter in a window is arranged in the carrier.

The further filter may preferably be preceded by a digital camera of a data communication device which determines the tanning of the skin.

The sensor element according to the invention can advantageously be used in combination with a data communication device, in particular in the form of a mobile telephone. In such a combination is advantageously provided, - That the data communication device and the sensor element are in data communication, wherein the data communication device has a transmitting antenna, with the electromagnetically coded signals can be transmitted to the antenna of the sensor element,

that the data communication device has a memory for storing an individual value IND dependent on the individual skin type of the person, and

- That the data communication device has a computing unit that determines by applying a calculation rule on the UV sensor detected and transmitted to the data communication device sensor value effective radiation power S _eff and determines the person an individual load value Bl according to the formula Bl = S _eff / IND ,

By this specific arrangement, it is extremely easy to determine the individual load of a person by the current solar radiation at various points.

A particularly simple construction of such a combination or a particularly simple arrangement of the sensor element relative to the data communication device provides that the data communication device has a holder for the sensor element and the sensor element is arranged in the holder, wherein the antenna of the sensor element and the transmitting antenna of the data communication device to each other are approximated and / or opposed to each other.

A combination with which the skin type of the person and the skin type dependent individual value can be determined in a simple manner, provides that the data communication device has a digital camera for receiving the person's skin and the further filter of the sensor element is arranged in the receiving area of the digital camera and the digital camera has a unit for determining the skin type dependent individual value IND. In order to take into account dependencies on the respective geographic position as well as the time of the day and the season in determining the individual load of a person by the current solar radiation, it can be provided that the data communication device a position sensor for querying the geographical position of the data communication device and / or a Having timer, and / or that the data communication device, an interrogation unit for establishing a communication connection with an external data provider and to query the following values, in particular stating the determined geographical position and / or day and season.

und Ε(λ) ergibt. Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a combination with a data communication device and a sensor element in an oblique view. 2 shows a section through a preferred embodiment of a sensor element according to the invention. 3 shows a section through a further preferred embodiment of a sensor element according to the invention. 4 shows a section through an embodiment of a combination with a data communication device and a sensor element. Fig. 5 shows a further section through the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 of a combination with a data communication device and a sensor element. 6 shows schematically the determination of measured values with the sensor element as well as the determination and representation of the individual load with the data communication device. 7 shows curves of the extraterrestrial solar radiation S (X) and the solar radiation S _Ha utM incident in the vicinity of the earth's surface or on the skin in the form of the spectral irradiance as a function of the wavelength λ. FIG. 7 also shows the wavelength-dependent, standardized sensitivity function of the skin Ε (λ) and the erythemally effective spectral irradiance function ESF (), which can be obtained by multiplying

and Ε (λ).

In Fig. 1, a first embodiment of the invention is shown, in which a sensor element in credit card format is used together with a mobile phone to determine the individual burden of a person.

As shown in Fig. 1, the sensor element 1 0 a carrier 1 9, which has the shape of a check card. The sensor element 10 comprises two UV sensors 1 a, 1 b arranged on the carrier 19. About these two UV sensors 1 a, 1 b two filters 2a, 2b are arranged, each having an independent filter characteristic. Above the first UV sensor 1 a, a first filter 2 a is arranged, which has an increased permeability to ultraviolet rays in the UVA range, in particular in the wavelength range between 31 5 nm and 400 nm. Above the second UV sensor 1 b, a second filter 2 b is arranged, which has an increased permeability in the UVB range, in particular in a wavelength range from 280 nm to 31 5 nm.

As an alternative to the embodiment of the invention shown here, it is of course also possible to dispense with filters 2a, 2b, in which case the first sensor 1a increased sensitivity in the UVA range and the second sensor 1 b has an increased sensitivity in the UVB range.

As shown in the present embodiment of the invention, a photovoltaic cell 14 is further arranged on the carrier 19 of the sensor element 10, which is designed to supply electrical energy to the arranged on the support 19 of the sensor element 10 electrical or electronic components. Furthermore, a further filter 11 is shown in FIG. 1, which is arranged immediately before a digital camera 21 assigned to the data communication device 20 and filters the light impinging on this digital camera 21. In the present exemplary embodiment of the invention, this further filter 1 1 passes completely through the carrier 19 of the sensor element 10, so that the carrier 19 of the sensor element 10 can be applied flat to the data communication device 20 and light passes through the further filter 11 and impinges on the digital camera 21. The further filter 1 1 has a filter characteristic in which light in a wavelength range below 380 nm and above 780 nm is suppressed.

As a data communication device 20, a mobile phone 20 is used in the present case. The mobile telephone 20 has a holder 26 for the carrier 19 of the sensor element 10. In the present case, the holder has two guides 26, wherein the two long edges of the check card-shaped carrier 19 of the sensor element 10 are brought along these rails in a holding position. In this holding position, the further filter 1 1 is arranged directly above the digital camera 21 of the mobile phone 20. For establishing a data communication between the sensor element 10 and the data communication device 20, both the data communication device 20 and the sensor element 10 each have an antenna 13, 22. The antenna 13 of the sensor element 10 is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the transmitting antenna 22 of the data communication device 20. 2 and 3, two different embodiments of sensor elements are shown in section, wherein in each case two UV sensors 1 a, 1 b in the form of a photodiode and layered filters 2a, 2b are shown. In the first illustrated in Fig. 2 embodiment of the invention, two identically formed UV sensors 1 a, 1 b are shown in the form of photodiodes, which are cast in the carrier 19 of the sensor element 10.

The first sensor 1a is covered on its sensitive side by three superimposed layers 3a, 4a, 4b, which together form the first filter 2a. The top one The first sensor 1 a covering layer is a protective layer 3a, below this protective layer 3a are two filter layers 4a, 5a, wherein the superposition of the two filter layers 4a, 5a causes only UVA radiation in a wavelength range of 315 nm to 400 nm can pass the first filter 2a.

Further shown in Fig. 2, a second sensor 1 b. The second sensor 1b is covered on its sensitive side by three superimposed layers 3b, 4b, 4b, which together form the second filter 2b. The uppermost layer covering the second sensor 1b is a protective layer 3b, below this protective layer 3b are two filter layers 4b, 5b, the superposition of the two filter layers 4b, 5b resulting in UVB radiation in a wavelength range of only 280 nm 315 nm can pass through the second filter 2b.

In Fig. 3, a further preferred embodiment of the arrangement of the UV sensors 1 a, 1 b is shown in the carrier of the sensor element. The sensors 1 a, 1 b are of similar design and have a sensitivity for the entire UV range comprising the UVA range between 320 nm and 400 nm and the UVB range between 290 nm and 320 nm. Above the first sensor 1 a, which is used to determine the UVA content in sunlight, there is a UV-permeable layer of the carrier 19 of the sensor element 10. On the surface which is assigned to the UV-sensitive surface of the first sensor 1 a , there is the first filter 2a, which is formed in three layers in the present case. The uppermost of these three layers represents a protective layer 3a, the remaining two filter layers 4a, 5a show in combination a filtering effect which is permeable overall only to radiation in the UVA range, in a wavelength range between 315 nm and 400 nm.

Above the second sensor 1b, which is used to determine the proportion of UVB in sunlight, there is a UV-permeable layer of the carrier 19 of the sensor element 10. On the surface which is assigned to the UV-sensitive surface of the second sensor 1b , is the second filter 2b, which is formed in this case three-layered. The uppermost of these three layers represents a protective layer 3b, the remaining two filter layers 4b, 5b show in combination a filtering effect which is permeable overall only to radiation in the UVB range, in a wavelength range between 280 nm and 315 nm. A third embodiment of the arrangement of photodiodes does without the use of filters or filter layers. In this case, the two UV sensors 1 a, 1 b are each formed with a different wavelength sensitivity. The first sensor 1 a is sensitive to UV radiation in the range of between 315 nm and 400 nm. The second sensor is sensitive to UVB radiation in a wavelength range from 280 nm to 31 5 nm. Also in this, not shown in the figures embodiment of the invention, it is of course possible to provide a protective layer. Also, filter layers can be placed over the sensors to provide additional enhancement of wavelength sensitivity. Overall, however, it is sufficient if the two sensors are arranged without any protective and / or filter layers in the carrier 19 of the sensor element 10.

FIG. 4 shows a section through a combination of a sensor element with a data communication device 20. 4, a holder 26 for the sensor element can be seen in section, in which the sensor element 10 is inserted. The antenna 1 3 of the sensor element 10 is approximated to the transmitting antenna 22 of the data communication device 20 and is opposite to this. Furthermore, the two rails of the holder 26 can be seen in section. In Fig. 4, the two already explained sensors 1 a, 1 b and the two filters 2 a, 2 b are further shown.

FIG. 5 shows a further section through the combination of a sensor element 10 with a data communication device 20. Again, it can be seen that the holder 26 comprises two rails into which the chip card-shaped carrier 19 of the sensor element 10 is inserted. Furthermore, a continuously formed window can be seen, in which the further filter 1 1 is arranged, which is transparent to light in a wavelength range between 380 nm and 780 nm. This further filter 1 1 is located directly above the digital camera 21 of the data communication device 20. The digital camera 21 determines the degree of pigmentation of the skin and thus can estimate the individual skin type, the minimum erythema dose MED and the individual value IND.

In Fig. 6, the sensor element 1 0 and the data communication device 20 are shown schematically. As already mentioned, the sensor element 10 has two UV sensors 1 a, 1 b, which are acted upon from the outside with a sunlight S _Hau t (A) whose intensity S of the respective wavelength λ is dependent. The two UV sensors 1 a, 1 b each generate independent radiation measurement values Sa, Sb, which are fed to a gain and signal conditioning unit 15. At the exit of the Signal conditioning and amplification unit 15 are amplified or processed signals Sa ', Sb', which are supplied to an analog-to-digital converter 16. The digital signals A, B produced by the analog-to-digital converter 16 in each case represent the measured values recorded by the first or second sensor 1 a, 1 b and are supplied to a communication controller 12. This communication controller 12 drives the antenna 13, by means of which enables wireless communication with an external data communication device 20 and a transmission of the digital signals A, B to the data communication device 20 via a wireless data communication connection 30. In the present exemplary embodiment, NFC or RFID radio is used for the data communication.

Furthermore, a photovoltaic cell 14 is shown in the sensor element 10 shown in FIG. 6, which, as shown in FIG. 1, is arranged on the side of the carrier 19 of the sensor element 10 facing away from the data communication device and for supplying power to the sensor element 10 electrical and electronic components. The photovoltaic cell 14 is connected in the present embodiment to an accumulator 17, in which the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic cell 14 is temporarily stored. About the accumulator 17, the signal conditioning unit 15, the analog-to-digital converter 16 and the communication controller 12 are supplied with electrical energy in the present embodiment.

However, it is of course also possible to use an embodiment without accumulator 17, in which the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic cell is used directly, that is to say without intermediate storage, for supplying the signal conditioning unit 15, the analog-to-digital converter 16 and the communication controller 12.

In addition or as an alternative to the photovoltaic cell 14, an electrical power supply can also be undertaken by means of the antenna 13. In this case, the antenna 13 is used not only for data transmission but also for energy transmission and outputs the electromagnetic energy arriving at it in the form of a voltage signal to the accumulator 17. The accumulator 17 supplies the signal conditioning unit 15, the analog-to-digital converter 16 and the communication controller 12 with electrical energy. The accumulator 17 is formed for example as a battery or capacitor. Even in an embodiment in which the electrical energy for supplying the individual electronic components to the sensor element 10 is generated exclusively by the antenna 13 from the magnetic and / or electromagnetic field generated by the data communication device 20, a further embodiment without accumulator 17 is possible, in which the electrical energy generated by the antenna 13 directly, ie, without intermediate storage for the supply of the signal conditioning unit 15, the analog-to-digital converter 16 and the communication controller 12 is used. The data communication device 20 has a transmitting and receiving antenna 22, a communication controller 25, a memory 23, a computing unit 24 and a display unit 27, a position sensor 28a in the form of a GPS device and a timer 28b for determining the year and time of day. The arithmetic unit 24 is designed to execute applications and can access the memory 23. A data query, with which the arithmetic unit 24 can interrogate measurement data from the sensor element via the communication controller 25 and the transmitting and receiving antenna 22, takes place in the present exemplary embodiment by means of NFC technology. For example, it is possible that the communication controller 25 transmits a data signal via the antenna 22 to the sensor element 10 or to the antenna 13 of the sensor element 10 and analyzes the response of the sensor element 10. The sensor element 10 delivers the digital measured values A, B determined and processed by the sensors 1 a, 1 b to the data communication device 20 via the data communication connection 30. A particularly preferred variant of the data transmission can be that the antenna 13 determines the determined ones Measured values transmitted by means of load modulation to the data communication device 20. This is particularly advantageous because the electrical components of the sensor element 10 require only very low energy in this case.

Of course, it is also possible that the communication controller 12 actively transmits electromagnetic waves to the data communication device 20. This is more easily possible in particular when the sensor element 10 has a separate voltage supply, for example in the form of a photovoltaic cell 14.

The radiation emitted by the sun and outside the earth's atmosphere is given by a function S (A) which represents the respective spectral Indicates irradiance as a function of the respective wavelength (FIG. 7). The solar radiation is filtered through the earth's atmosphere. The spectral irradiance acting on the person's skin is referred to as SHaut (A) in the present exemplary embodiment. The spectral irradiance S _Hau t (A) corresponds to the incident on the skin or on the sensor 1 a, 1 b spectral irradiance depending on the respective wavelength λ.

With the two sensors 1 a, 1 b, the determination of the spectral irradiance n SHaut (A) alone is not possible. The two sensors merely deliver sensor measured values Sa, Sb, which are finally available in the form of digital measured values A, B for further processing. The two measured values A, B represent in each case scalar values, which result from the spectral irradiance in the following way:

D_a(>,)]cR B = j[S_Haut(?,) - D_b )]d?, A =

D _a (>,)] cR B = j [S _skin (?,) - D _b )] d ?,

The two UV sensors 1 a, 1 b each have a different sensitivity, which is characterized by the respective sensitivity function D _a (A), D _b (A). These sensitivity functions D _a (A), D _b (A) indicate how strongly the proportion of optical radiation of a specific wavelength A affects the determined digital measured value A, B of the respective sensor 1 a, 1 b. The sensitivity functions D _a (A), D _b (A) depend on the one hand on the sensitivity C _a (A), C _b (A) of the sensor 1 a, 1 b itself but also on the filter characteristic F _a (A), F _b (A) of the sensors 1 a, 1 b upstream filter 2a, 2b from. The sensitivity function of the sensor D _a (A), D _b (A) thus depends on the one hand on the filter characteristic F _a (A), F _b (A) of the sensor 1 a, 1 b superior filter 2a, 2b and in addition also from Overall, it is achieved by the specific arrangement of the sensors 1 a, 1 b and the filter 2a, 2b in the present embodiment that the first sensor 1 a together with the first filter 2a an entire Sensitivity D _a (A) which is particularly high in the UVA wavelength range, in particular in a range between 31 5 and 400 nm and is particularly low in the other wavelength ranges and that the second sensor 1 b together with the second filter 2 b a total sensitivity functions D _b (A), which is particularly high in the UVB wavelength range, in particular in a range between 280 and 315 nm, and is particularly low in the other wavelength ranges. For the most accurate determination possible of the effective biologically effective irradiance S _etf from the two measured values A and B it can be provided that the two filter characteristics F _a (A), F _b (A) of the sensors 1 a, 1 b upstream filter 2a, 2b are formed such that the following applies:

D _a (A) = E _a (A) D _b (A) = E _b (A)

where E _a (A) is the normalized skin sensitivity function according to CIE E (A) in the UVA range and E _b (A) is the normalized skin sensitivity function according to CIE E (A) in the UVB range. FIG. 7 shows in more detail normalized skin sensitivity function according to CIE E (A). By multiplying the spectral irradiance S _Hau t (A) and the sensitivity function of the skin according to CIE E (A), the erythema-effective irradiance ESF shown in FIG. 7 results. Thus, the effective biologically effective irradiance S _e tf can be calculated as the sum of the two measured values A and B as follows:

S _eff = A + B

In a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, only a single digital measured value A is available, which is made available in the course of the measured value processing with the signal conditioning unit 15 and the digitization with the analog-digital converter 16. This digital measure A contains only scalar information and only very limited spectral information. In the following, it is shown how SSE from this large scalar approximately an effective biologically effective irradiance S tf _e can be determined.

Basically, with knowledge of the exact spectrum of the spectral irradiance S _Hau t (A) an effective biologically effective irradiance S _e tf can be determined as follows:

S _eff = J [S _skin (X) E (X)] d>.

The average sensitivity of the human skin is shown in the normalized skin sensitivity function (CIE) E (A), which is shown in more detail in FIG. By multiplying the spectral irradiance S _Hau t (A) and the sensitivity function of the skin (CIE) E (A), the erythemally assessed spectral irradiance ESF shown in FIG. 7 results.

The solar radiation impinging on the unprotected skin, the spectral distribution of which is represented by the spectral irradiance S _Hau t (A), depends on a multiplicity of factors. In the present embodiment, it is approximately assumed that the radiation from the angle of incidence α of the radiation, approximately by the geographical position and the day and season is determinable, of the altitude h, the density of the ozone layer O, the cloudiness b and the reflectivity s, for example, according to snow cover of the earth's surface, in each area dependent.

 The angle of incidence α of the radiation causes a change in the biologically effective UVA / UVB ratio, which, however, can be corrected on the basis of the geographical position P and the day and season T.

The spectral irradiance S _Hau t (A) is mainly determined by the angle of incidence α of the solar radiation, the angle of incidence α in particular the steepness of the curve increase and the position of the edge (edge) of the spectral irradiance S _Hau t (A), as shown in FIG 7, influenced. The angle of incidence α can be determined approximately on the basis of the geographical position P and the current time T, thus resulting in the relationship α = α (Ρ, Τ). In addition, typical spectral irradiances S _Hau t (A) for different geographical positions P and times T are present in databases in the form of data sets SDB.Haut, which are in the form S _D B, skin = S _D B, skin (A, P, T) for specific ratios with respect to the density of the ozone layer O, altitude h, cloudiness b and reflectivity s can be represented. In general, these datasets S DB, skin, of course, do not need to be complete for all possibilities of positions and times, and ratios with respect to the density of the ozone layer O, altitude h, cloudiness b and reflectivity s are present, since missing intermediate values can also be determined by means of interpolation. With the aid of appropriate interpolation functions, an approximation for a database value S _D B, skin (A) can be calculated for any arbitrary location and time.

Due to the problem-free issuing of the first patent, we assume that this patent will also be issued without problems, since this only improves the resolution of the first patent. Without a specially adapted preset filter, the digital measured value can be displayed as follows:

A = j [S _skin (). D _a ()] d>,

In order to determine an effective irradiance S _{e f} from the measured value A, which no longer contains any spectral information as a scalar value, the spectral irradiance S _DB , skin (A) derivable from databases can be determined on the basis of the geographical position P and of daylight. and season T are used. For these irradiance S derivable from the databases, the following relationship is given: (λ) '(> -)] d>.

The sensitivity function of the skin Ε (λ) is a normalized function. In the following, a correction factor k valid for all possible values for the digital sensor value A is determined:

By means of the correction factor k, an approximate value S of the effective biologically effective effective irradiance S _en can be determined according to the formula S = A / k. The advantage of the S _eff estimated in this way compared to the S interpolatable from the database is that the current ratios with respect to the density of the ozone layer O, altitude h, cloudiness b and reflectivity s are approximated by the measurement of A. However, the wavelength dependence of the sensitivity ϋ (λ) of the sensor element occurs as a disturbance on size. This can be mitigated by setting a filter with filter characteristic F (), so that ϋ (λ) - Ρ (λ) ~ Ε (λ) is reduced.

In this embodiment variant, the photodiode is already preceded by a skin sensitivity-specific filter with a characteristic F (A), so that in this case the raw measurement data are already in the form S () - D (A) - F (A). With appropriate selection of the filter characteristic F (A), so that D (A) - F (A) = E (A) holds good, the postprocessing is simplified. The filter can in turn be integrated directly into the sensor part or applied to the sensor part as a film. In particular, the filters can be realized by printing technology. In addition, temperature sensors in all variants can be integrated in the sensor part in order to correct temperature dependencies of the characteristic of the photodiode (s).

All mentioned database values such as the database values for the spectral irradiance S (A, T, P) at certain times of day and season T at certain geographical positions P or the required coefficients and Berec nungsvorsc riften these spectral radiation density functions can be stored in the memory 23 of the data communication device 20. Preferably, the data can currently be kept available in a central database, to which the data communication device 20 establishes a data communication. In the memory 23 as well as in the central database also other data, which are at most dependent on the current position, such as cloud cover b, the density d of the ozone layer 0 ₃ , the altitude h and the reflectivity of the environment s stored and for further calculations be kept available.

 Alternatively, it is also possible to determine in advance a plurality of correction factors k according to the formula given above for different ratios with respect to density of the ozone layer O, altitude h, cloudiness b and reflectivity s and store them in the memory 23 of the data communication device 20.

In order to obtain the individual database values, the data communication device 20 has an interrogation unit 29 for setting up a communication connection with an external data provider and for interrogating the values given above, in particular specifying the determined geographical position P and / or year and time T. These values are transmitted by the data provider to the data communication device 20 and stored by the data provider in the memory 23.

In the following, the numerical evaluation of the measurement results in determining the individual load of a person is shown in more detail. The skin type of the person is determined dermatologically closer and indicates the resistance of the skin against incoming UV radiation of each person. For this purpose, the minimum erythema dose MED of the respective person can be determined. Furthermore, an individual value IND is determined, which represents the relationship between the minimum erythema dose MED of the person and the minimum erythema dose MED _{avg of} a reference person.

The greater the individual value IND or the minimum erythema dose MED of a person, the less sensitive the skin is to UV radiation. There are different procedures and procedures for determining the type of skin. At the end of the investigation there is an individual value which is stored and made available in a memory 23 of the data communication device 20. With the value of the type shown at the top of approximately estimated _ef S t, the maximum length of stay in accordance with t = be determined MED / S _e t _f, where if appropriate, the protection factor SF of any sunscreen used must also be taken into account.

For an improved evaluation of the load or determination of the maximum permissible length of stay t, in addition to the knowledge of S, the sun protection factor SF of any sunscreen used may also be advantageous. The time span t is extended by the sun protection factor SF of the sunscreen applied to the skin compared to the permissible residence time t = MED / S in the sun without sun protection. The use of a sunscreen with protection factor SF thus extends the maximum allowable residence time by the factor SF, that is, t = SF-t.

It is possible to determine an individual load value Bl according to the formula Bl = S _en I IND. This size indicates how much the individual's skin is individually stressed. In the case of the same solar radiation, a person with a skin with higher resistance, for example a person with a dark skin color, has a lower individual stress value than a person with a skin with a lower resistance.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the possibility is considered that the solar radiation and thus the effective irradiance S _e t _f varies over time. This can ensure that with increasing solar radiation a timely warning can be sent to the respective person. It is not relevant for the following method steps on which concrete type of individual load value Bl is determined.

The maximum recommended residence time t _{max of} the person in the sun is determined by initially specifying a maximum radiation dose D _max for a reference person. This maximum radiation dose may be equated to the minimum erythema dose or a fraction or multiple of the minimum erythema dose of the reference person. The recommended residence time for the person in the sun can be set according to t _max = D _max / Bl if it is assumed that Seff and thus Bl does not change appreciably within t _max .

If the determined load value changes over time, several load values \ Bl _{n are} determined, which are continuously determined at predetermined time intervals (ΔΤ) for the person in each case. A number of interval radiation doses D _int is calculated as the product of the respectively determined load value Bl with the respective time interval ΔΤ determined. The sum D _{sum of} the individual interval radiation doses D _im is continuously determined and adjusted, the determination of each individual load value in each case leading to an incremental adaptation of the sum D _sum . This sum is continuously compared with the maximum predetermined radiation dose D _max . If the total exceeds the maximum radiation dose, an alarm is triggered and the person is warned.

As already mentioned, the stress intensity Bl can also be adapted to the respective sun protection factor SF of a skin care product or a sunscreen, which the respective person receives. After the respective sunscreen or sunscreen has been applied to the skin, this is noted by the person in the data communication device. A sun protection factor SF is stored in the memory 23 of the data communication device 23. In the formation of the load value Bl, the person-dependent individual value IND is weighted with the sun protection factor SF.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the amount and the indicated sun protection factor of the skin care product used can be used to determine the actually caused sun protection factor. For this purpose, the size of the skin surface to be protected can be specified for each person. Furthermore, the amount of sunscreen to be applied can be specified for the respective sunscreen, which is required to achieve the desired sun protection on a given area of the skin. In order to determine an individual load value Bl for the human skin, the area of the individual's skin to be protected, as well as the sun protection factor and the amount of sunscreen to be applied, are required to achieve the desired sun protection on a given area of the skin. It is determined the amount of sunscreen used and thus the scored sun protection factor SF is determined, which is based on the determination of the individual load value Bl.

Claims

claims: 1 . Method for determining the individual load of a person by the instantaneous solar radiation, with at least one UV sensor (1) having a predetermined sensitivity (D (A) dependent on the respective wavelength (λ)),  wherein the sensor value determined by the UV sensor (1) or at least one value derived therefrom is transmitted wirelessly, in particular by means of NFC radio, to a data communication device (20), in particular to a mobile radio device, and wherein the data communication device (20) a) by applying a calculation rule to the UV sensor (1) determined sensor value or values derived therefrom, an effective irradiance S _{e f f is} determined, b) an individual value (IND) dependent on the individual skin type of the person is given or pre-determined, and c) for the person an individual load value Bl on the basis of the effective irradiance S _e t _f and the load value Bl, in particular according to the formula Bl = S _eff / IND, is determined. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that from the sun on the UV sensor (1) impinging optical radiation of each one of the UV sensor (1) associated and upstream filter (2) having a predetermined filter characteristic (F ( A)) is filtered and then impinges on the UV sensor (1), wherein the filter (2) is permeable to at least a portion of the incoming UV radiation thereon. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for determining the effective irradiance S _e t _f of the UV sensor (1) determined sensor value (A, B) is weighted with a correction factor from the sensor signal (A, B) and / or from data available in a database. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized  - that the geographical position (P) of the person, in particular by means of GPS, is determined,  - that the current date and the current day and season are determined, and - that using the determined position (P), the current date and the current time of day one or more in a database held available Retrieved database values, a correction factor is determined from these database values and this is used to calculate the effective irradiance S _e t _f . 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the database values used to determine the effective irradiance S _e n at least partially stored locally on the data communication device (20). 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the database values used to determine the effective irradiance S _e t _f from the data communication device (20) continuously from a data provider, in particular via the Internet, are queried. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that with a plurality of UV sensors (1) each separate sensor values for each predetermined and mutually different wavelength ranges in the range of ultraviolet radiation are determined and that the effective irradiance S _e t _{f is} determined by a predetermined calculation rule, in particular a weighted sum, is applied to the individual sensor values determined. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that are used to determine the sensor values UV sensors (1) with comparable characteristics, wherein the respectively incident on the UV sensor (1) sunlight is filtered by a filter (2) wherein each of the filters (2) has a predetermined wavelength range of maximum transmittance different from the wavelength ranges of maximum transmittance of the remaining filters (2) and wherein the incoming UV radiation in the other wavelength ranges is suppressed by the respective filter (2). 9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that two UV sensors (1) are used for determining sensor values, wherein the first sensor (1 a) for UVA radiation, in particular in a wavelength range from 315 nm to 400 nm, is sensitive and the second sensor (1 b) for UVB radiation, especially in a wavelength range of 280 nm to 31 5 nm, sensitive. 1 0. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the person-dependent individual value (IND) is determined by the minimum erythema dose (MED) is determined for the person and the person-dependent Individual value IND is determined as the ratio between the minimum erythema dose (MED) of the person and the minimum erythema dose (MED) of a reference person. 1 1. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 9, characterized in that a maximum recommended residence time t _max of Person in the sun is determined by a maximum radiation dose D _{max is given} for a reference person, which is in particular the minimum erythema dose or a fraction of the minimum erythema dose of the reference person equated, the recommended residence time according to t _max = D _max / Bl is set. 12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - That each time the individual load value (\ Bl _n ) for the person is determined at predetermined time intervals (ΔΤ) and that a number of interval radiation doses (D _int ) is determined as the product of each determined load value with the respective time interval (ΔΤ) and that the sum (D _sum ) of the individual interval radiation doses (D _int ) is continuously determined, - That a maximum radiation dose (D _max ) given for a reference person, in particular the minimum erythema dose or a fraction of the minimum erythema dose of the reference person is equated, and - That in the event that this determined sum D _sum exceeds a predetermined maximum radiation dose D _max for a reference person, in particular the minimum erythema dose of the reference person, an alarm is triggered and in particular the person is warned. 13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the person applies or uses sunscreen or other sunscreen for the skin with a predetermined sun protection factor (SF) on the skin and that in the formation of the load value (Bl) of the person dependent Individual value (IND) is weighted with the sun protection factor. 14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a UV sensor (1) or UV sensors (1) on a, in particular flat carrier (1 9), are arranged, wherein optionally the filter (2) layered on the support over the UV sensors (1) are arranged, and that the sensor values determined by the UV sensors (1) or values derived therefrom are transmitted wirelessly, in particular by means of NFC radio, to a data communication device (20), in particular to a mobile radio device, and that the effective Irradiance S _{e f f} in particular from the data communication device (20) is determined and kept available and is displayed in particular. 15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) that for determining the skin type with the data communication device (20) in digital connection standing digital camera (21) is used, which is directed to the skin of the person and due to the color and brightness the skin, the individual value IND is determined on the basis of colorimetric evaluations of the image signal, and b) that in particular the light arriving on the digital camera (21) is filtered by means of a further filter (11), preferably as part of the carrier (19) in one Window in the carrier (19) is formed, wherein the further filter (1 1) suppresses light in a wavelength range below 380 nm and above 780 nm. 16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the communication controller (12), the signal conditioning unit (15), and optionally the analog-to-digital converter (16), of a photovoltaic cell (14) and / or, in particular exclusively , is supplied with electrical energy from the electromagnetic field in the region of the antenna (13), and / or in that the electrical energy provided for the supply of the communication controller (12), the signal processing unit (15), and optionally of the analog-to-digital converter (16) is stored in an accumulator (17), in particular on the sensor element (10) Is held available. 17. Sensor element (10) comprising a carrier (19), in particular flat and / or in check card format, and at least one UV sensor (1) arranged on the carrier (19),  - wherein on the support (19) at least one communication controller (12), an antenna (13) and a signal conditioning unit (15) are arranged, wherein the communication controller (12) of the the UV sensor (1) downstream signal conditioning unit (15) supplied signals are supplied and wherein the communication controller (12) controls the antenna (13), and - The communication controller (12) upon arrival of predetermined electromagnetic signals to the antenna (13) the respective from the UV sensor (1) determined, and in particular processed by the signal conditioning unit (15) measured values and the antenna (13) for delivering a activates the message corresponding to the measured value. 18. Sensor element (10) according to claim 17, characterized in that the sensitive part of the UV sensor (1) by a filter (2) is covered or superimposed having a predetermined filter characteristic and permeable at least for a part of the UV radiation is. 19, sensor element (10) according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that a plurality of UV sensors (1) are provided which are sensitive for each predetermined and mutually different wavelength ranges in the ultraviolet radiation. 20. Sensor element (10) according to claim 19, characterized in that the UV sensors (1) with respect to the wavelength dependence of their respective sensitivity are similar and each of the filters (2) has a predetermined wavelength range of maximum permeability, of the wavelength ranges of maximum permeability the other filter (2) is different and wherein the respective filter (2) suppresses the incoming UV radiation in the remaining wavelength ranges. 21. Sensor element (10) according to claim 19 or 20, characterized by exactly two UV sensors (1) for determining sensor values, wherein the first sensor (1 a) for UVA sensors Radiation, especially in a wavelength range of 315 nm to 400 nm, is sensitive and the second sensor (1 b) for UVB radiation, especially in a wavelength range of 280 nm to 315 nm, sensitive. 22. Sensor element (10) according to one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the sensor element (10) is a photovoltaic cell (14) for the electrical power supply of the communication controller (12) and / or the digital converter (16) of the signal conditioning unit (15). and / or  - That the sensor element (10) one of the photovoltaic cell (14) or the antenna (13) downstream of the accumulator (17) for the electrical power supply of the Communication controller (12) and / or the signal conditioning unit (15) and / or the digital converter (16), and / or - That the electrical power supply of the communication controller (12) and / or the digital converter (16) and / or the signal conditioning unit (15) exclusively from the electromagnetic field in the region of the antenna (13) is removed. 23. Sensor element (10) according to any one of claims 17 to 22, characterized by a further filter (1 1), which is designed as part of the carrier and incident on the sensors optical radiation in a wavelength range below 380 nm and above 720 suppressed, wherein the filter (1 1) in a window in the carrier (19) is arranged. 24. Combination of a sensor element (10) according to one of claims 17 to 23 with a data communication device (20), in particular with a mobile telephone, characterized - That the data communication device (20) and the sensor element (10) are in data communication, wherein the data communication device (20) has a transmitting antenna (22), with the electromagnetically encoded signals to the antenna (13) of the sensor element (10) are transferable,  - That the data communication device (20) has a memory (23) for storing an individual value IND dependent on the individual skin type of the person, and - That the data communication device (20) has a computing unit (24) by applying a calculation rule on the UV sensor (1) determined and transmitted to the data communication device (20) sensor value an effective radiation power S _e n determined and for the person determined individual load value Bl according to the formula Bl = S _en I IND. 25. A combination according to claim 24, characterized in that the data communication device (20) has a holder (26) for the sensor element (10) and the sensor element (10) in the holder (26) is arranged, wherein the antenna (13) of the Sensor element (10) and the transmitting antenna (22) of the data communication device (20) are approximated to each other and / or opposite each other. 26. Combination according to claim 25 with a sensor element (10) according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the data communication device (20) has a digital camera (21) for receiving the skin of the person and the further filter (1 1) of the Sensor element (10) in the receiving area of the digital camera (21) is arranged and the digital camera (21) comprises a unit for determining the skin type dependent on individual value IND. 27. A combination according to any one of claims 24 to 26, characterized in that the data communication device (20) has a position sensor (28a) for querying the geographical position of the data communication device and / or a timer (28b) and / or that the data communication device (20) has an interrogation unit (29) for establishing a communication connection with an external data provider and for interrogating the following values, in particular specifying the determined geographical position (P) and / or day and season (T ).