WO2014141601A1 - 成膜方法、半導体発光素子の製造方法、半導体発光素子、照明装置 - Google Patents
成膜方法、半導体発光素子の製造方法、半導体発光素子、照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014141601A1 WO2014141601A1 PCT/JP2014/001012 JP2014001012W WO2014141601A1 WO 2014141601 A1 WO2014141601 A1 WO 2014141601A1 JP 2014001012 W JP2014001012 W JP 2014001012W WO 2014141601 A1 WO2014141601 A1 WO 2014141601A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a film forming method, a method for manufacturing a semiconductor light emitting element, a semiconductor light emitting element, and a lighting device.
- group III nitride semiconductor thin film For the epitaxial growth of a group III nitride semiconductor thin film, an organic metal compound chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method that easily obtains high productivity is used.
- MOCVD organic metal compound chemical vapor deposition
- group III nitride semiconductor thin films grown by the MOCVD method have conventionally had many low-quality ones having threading dislocation densities ranging from the latter half of 10 9 cm ⁇ 2 to 10 10 cm ⁇ 2. As a result of development progress, high-quality single crystal films have been obtained.
- the group III nitride semiconductor thin film has a threading dislocation density of about 5 ⁇ 10 8 cm ⁇ 2 , and further about 1 ⁇ 10 8 cm ⁇ 2.
- the threading dislocation density is more desirable.
- on a sapphire substrate having a flat surface it is difficult to lower the threading dislocation density to about 5 ⁇ 10 8 cm ⁇ 2 , and further to about 1 ⁇ 10 8 cm ⁇ 2 .
- a high-quality group III nitride is formed by forming a buffer layer made of an AlN film formed by a sputtering method on a sapphire substrate and forming a base layer made of a group III nitride semiconductor by a MOCVD method on the buffer layer.
- a method for obtaining a semiconductor thin film has been studied (for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 when the buffer layer made of an AlN film contains less than 1% oxygen, the lattice matching between the sapphire substrate and the buffer layer is improved, and the orientation of the buffer layer is improved. Describes that the crystallinity of the group III nitride semiconductor thin film formed thereon is improved.
- a base layer with good crystallinity (Group III nitride semiconductor containing Ga in Patent Document 1) is formed on a buffer layer made of an AlN film containing less than 1% oxygen. Therefore, it is described that the film thickness of the underlayer is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 8 ⁇ m, and in the range of 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the base layer made of a group III nitride semiconductor thin film is formed on a buffer layer made of an AlN film containing less than 1% oxygen, and the film thickness is 0.1 to 8 ⁇ m. It is described that an underlayer having good crystallinity can be obtained by setting the range. However, nothing is disclosed about the relationship between the crystallinity of the underlayer and the film thickness in the range of 0.1 to 8 ⁇ m.
- the crystallinity is extremely good in the underlayer having a film thickness of 5 ⁇ m or more. This is because dislocations generated at the interface between sapphire and the buffer layer or between the buffer layer and the underlayer are bent during the growth by increasing the thickness of the underlayer, and the threading dislocation density propagating to the surface is reduced. It is.
- the base layer made of a group III nitride semiconductor thin film is formed on a buffer layer made of an AlN film containing less than 1% oxygen, and the film thickness is set to 0.1 to High productivity can be obtained by setting it as the range of 2 micrometers.
- the threading dislocation density is about 1 ⁇ 10 9 cm ⁇ 2 in the underlayer having a film thickness of 2 ⁇ m. Crystallinity is good.
- the threading dislocation density is about 5.0 ⁇ 10 8 cm ⁇ 2 or less, and a Group III nitride semiconductor thin film having excellent crystallinity can be obtained. That is, using the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, in order to obtain an underlayer with extremely excellent crystallinity of about 5.0 ⁇ 10 8 cm ⁇ 2 or less, the film thickness is 5 ⁇ m. Since it is necessary to make it above, there is a problem that the time required for film formation becomes long and productivity is greatly impaired.
- the technique described in Patent Document 1 can reduce the lattice mismatch rate at the AlN / sapphire interface, but on the other hand, a GaN layer (underlying layer made of a group III nitride semiconductor thin film) and an AlN film (buffer layer). There is a trade-off relationship that the lattice mismatch rate increases. For this reason, according to the technique described in Patent Document 1, it is possible to suppress the dislocation of the underlayer caused by the disorder of the orientation of the buffer layer, but it is caused by lattice mismatch at the GaN / AlN interface. It is difficult to suppress dislocations that occur.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems.
- the object of the present invention is to achieve a high productivity by realizing an underlayer having extremely excellent crystallinity with a thin film thickness of about 2 ⁇ m.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a film forming technique capable of forming an underlayer having a good threading dislocation density.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a film formation method, wherein Al x Ga 1-x N (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) is selected from the group of C, Si, Ge, Mg, Zn, Mn, and Cr. And a step of forming a buffer layer including an epitaxial film having a wurtzite structure to which at least one substance is added on a sapphire substrate held by a substrate holder by a sputtering method.
- the substrate holder includes a heater capable of heating the sapphire substrate to an arbitrary temperature
- the buffer layer has a predetermined distance between the sapphire substrate and the substrate facing surface of the substrate holder. It is more desirable if it is formed on the sapphire substrate while being held apart.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor light emitting device the step of forming a buffer layer including an epitaxial film having a wurtzite structure on a sapphire substrate by a sputtering method, A step of forming a base layer and a step of forming a light emitting layer on the base layer, wherein the buffer layer is formed by the film formation method described above.
- the present invention by realizing a base layer having excellent crystallinity with a thin film thickness of less than 5 ⁇ m, for example, about 2 ⁇ m, the time required for forming the base layer can be reduced, and a technology with high productivity can be achieved. Can be provided. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a technique capable of forming an underlayer having a good threading dislocation density.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a sputtering apparatus S used for forming a buffer layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- reference numeral 101 denotes a vacuum vessel
- 102 denotes a chamber shield
- 103 denotes a sputtering cathode
- 104 denotes a sputtering target
- 105 denotes a target shield
- 106 denotes a magnet unit
- 107 denotes a sputtering power source
- 108 denotes a substrate holder
- 109 denotes a heater
- 110 denotes
- the reflector 111 is a substrate mounting mechanism
- 112 is a sapphire substrate
- 113 is a process gas supply means
- 114 is a vacuum exhaust means.
- the vacuum vessel 101 is made of a metal member such as an Al alloy or SUS, and the inside of the vacuum vessel 101 can be kept at a high vacuum by the vacuum exhaust means 114.
- the chamber shield 102 is a member that can suppress adhesion of a film to the vacuum vessel 101, and is made of a metal member that can withstand a relatively high temperature, such as SUS or a nickel alloy.
- the sputtering cathode 103 is electrically insulated from the vacuum vessel 101 and plays a role of supplying power supplied from the sputtering power source 107 to the sputtering target 104.
- the sputtering target 104 is attached to the sputtering cathode 103 via a bonding plate (not shown).
- the sputtering target 104 is obtained by uniformly dispersing at least one element of C, Si, Ge, Mg, Zn, Mn, and Cr at a concentration of 5 at% or less in an Al metal or an AlGa alloy.
- the target shield 105 is made of a metal member such as an Al alloy or SUS.
- the magnet unit 106 is built in the sputtering cathode 103 and realizes magnetron sputtering by generating a magnetic field on the surface of the target 104.
- the sputtering power source 107 supplies power to the sputtering cathode 103 to generate plasma, thereby causing a sputtering phenomenon.
- a 13.56 MHz high frequency (RF) power source is preferably used as the sputtering power source 107.
- RF high frequency
- DC direct current
- the substrate holder 108 includes a heater 109, a reflector 110, and a substrate placement mechanism 111.
- the heater 109 is preferably pyrolytic graphite (PG: Pyrolytic Grahite) or PG coated with pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN) which can efficiently heat the substrate to an arbitrary temperature.
- PG has a function as a heater electrode, and functions as a heating element by flowing a direct current or an alternating current through the heater electrode made of PG.
- the reflector 110 is made of molybdenum, PBN, or the like, and is used for efficiently heating the heater 109.
- the substrate mounting mechanism 111 is made of an insulating member such as quartz and holds the sapphire substrate 112 at the outer periphery.
- the substrate mounting mechanism 111 holds the sapphire substrate 112 spaced apart from the surface P (substrate facing surface) of the substrate holder 108 (heater 109) by a predetermined distance. This makes it easier to obtain a + c polarity buffer layer.
- the sapphire substrate 112 preferably has a c-plane ((0001) plane) surface. Further, as the sapphire substrate 112, an off-substrate having a c-axis inclined from the substrate normal direction may be used.
- the process gas supply means 113 has a mass flow controller (not shown) and a process gas supply source (not shown), and introduces a rare gas and a nitrogen-containing gas into the vacuum vessel 101 at a predetermined flow rate.
- Ar is preferably used as the rare gas
- N 2 is preferably used as the nitrogen-containing gas.
- the vacuum evacuation means 114 includes a turbo molecular pump (TMP), a cryopump and the like as a main exhaust pump and a roughing pump (auxiliary pump) as a dry pump.
- TMP turbo molecular pump
- cryopump a cryopump and the like as a main exhaust pump
- auxiliary pump roughing pump
- the film deposition procedure for the buffer layer is as follows. First, the sapphire substrate 112 is introduced into a load lock mechanism (not shown), the load lock mechanism is evacuated to a vacuum state, and then transferred to the sputtering apparatus S shown in FIG. 1 through a vacuum transfer mechanism (not shown). The sapphire substrate 112 transported to the sputtering apparatus S is placed on the substrate mounting mechanism 111. Thereafter, a rare gas and a nitrogen-containing gas are introduced into the vacuum vessel 101 at a predetermined flow rate using the process gas supply unit 113, and plasma is generated in the vacuum vessel 101 by supplying power to the sputtering target 104. Power is supplied to the sputtering target 104 from the sputtering power source 107 through the sputtering cathode 103.
- an RF bias electrode (not shown) is arranged inside the heater 109 or on the outer periphery of the substrate mounting mechanism 111, and is generated by the RF bias electrode in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere before forming the buffer layer according to this embodiment.
- the pretreatment of the substrate may be performed by the plasma.
- the in-plane lattice constant in the vicinity of the buffer layer / sapphire substrate interface of the buffer layer according to the present embodiment formed as an epitaxial film having a wurtzite structure on the sapphire substrate as described above is obtained when Al is used as the target.
- a buffer layer formed by a known technique see, for example, Patent Document 1.
- there is no significant difference in their orientation That is, it is considered that there is no difference between the lattice matching and the buffer layer of the known technique, and as a result, there is no great difference in the orientation. A detailed description of the orientation will be described later.
- the in-plane lattice constant in the vicinity of the surface of the buffer layer according to this embodiment is larger than the in-plane lattice constant in the vicinity of the buffer layer / sapphire substrate interface of the buffer layer.
- the in-plane lattice constant in the vicinity of the surface of the buffer layer according to the present embodiment is larger than the in-plane lattice constant in the vicinity of the surface of the buffer layer according to a known technique.
- the ratio of + c polarity in the vicinity of the surface of the buffer layer according to the present embodiment is larger than the ratio of + c polarity in the vicinity of the surface of the buffer layer of the known technique.
- the buffer layer according to the present embodiment is greatly lattice-relaxed from the buffer layer / sapphire interface to the surface side, and has a large proportion of + c polarity.
- the lattice relaxation is small and the ratio of + c polarity is small.
- Al x Ga 1-x N C, Al x Ga 1-x N: Si, Al x Ga 1-x N: Ge, Al x Ga 1-x N: Mg, Al x Ga 1-x N: Zn, Al x Ga 1-x N: Mn, Al x Ga 1-x N: A buffer layer of a wurtzite crystal structure made of Cr (the symbol “:” represents a mixture of the substance described on the left side and the substance described on the right side) (where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, and C, Si, Ge , Mg, Zn, Mn, and Cr, the ratio of the total of these substances is 5 at% or less), and the above substances of C, Si, Ge, Mg, Zn, Mn, and Cr are used.
- the ratio of C, Si, Ge, Mg, Zn, Mn, and Cr to the entire buffer layer needs to be 5 at% or less. If the ratio is larger than 5 at%, the orientation is remarkably deteriorated. Further, in the present embodiment, the proportion of + c polarity of the buffer layer is likely to increase as compared with the known technique. This is because the sapphire substrate 112 is held away from the substrate facing surface of the substrate holder 108 as shown in FIG. The use of such a + c polarity buffer layer is considered to be one factor that makes the lattice relaxation easy to occur.
- the crystal discontinuity in the in-plane direction is larger than that of a buffer layer in which + c polarity domains and ⁇ c polarity domains are mixed. Is improved. That is, it is considered that the relaxation of strain accumulated in the entire buffer layer at the inversion boundary is less likely to occur, so that the individual domains can be easily lattice-relaxed.
- a buffer layer made of an AlN film formed by a known technique with a small percentage of + c polarity has a mixture of + c polarity domain and ⁇ c polarity domain, and an in-plane direction that forms an inversion boundary at the interface.
- a buffer layer having a large proportion of + c polarity is obtained.
- a buffer layer having a wurtzite crystal structure of N: Zn, Al x Ga 1-x N: Mn, and Al x Ga 1-x N: Cr tends to cause lattice relaxation.
- the orientation of the buffer layer to + c polarity cannot be controlled, there is a problem that it is difficult to obtain a base layer made of a group III nitride semiconductor with high crystal quality. There is a possibility that it can be avoided by greatly improving the conditions. This is because, in general, the growth rate in the underlayer (GaN film) is higher in the + c polarity than in the ⁇ c polarity, so that the + c polarity is assumed to be + c on one domain of the underlayer oriented to the ⁇ c polarity by taking over the polarity of the buffer layer. This is because there is a possibility that another domain of the base layer oriented in polarity may cover.
- the sapphire substrate on which the buffer layer is formed by the sputtering method according to the present embodiment is taken out from the sputtering apparatus S into the atmosphere, and then introduced into the reactor of the MOCVD apparatus.
- the sapphire substrate introduced into the reactor of the MOCVD apparatus is heated to a predetermined temperature, and then a source gas such as ammonia (NH 3 ) and trimethyl gallium (TMG) is reacted with a carrier gas such as hydrogen (H 2 ).
- a source gas such as ammonia (NH 3 ) and trimethyl gallium (TMG)
- the buffer layer according to the present embodiment has the same lattice matching as the buffer layer made of an AlN film formed by a known technique at the buffer layer / sapphire substrate interface. Therefore, the buffer layer according to this embodiment and the buffer layer formed by a known technique have the same degree of orientation. On the other hand, the buffer layer according to this embodiment is more likely to cause lattice relaxation than the known layer, and the lattice mismatch that occurs at the underlayer / buffer layer interface is smaller in the buffer layer according to this embodiment. .
- the base layer formed on the buffer layer by the method as described above has fewer dislocations at the base layer / buffer layer interface than the base layer obtained by a known technique.
- the dislocation of the underlayer due to the disorder of the orientation of the buffer layer is almost the same in this embodiment and the buffer layer by a known technique.
- the underlayer The threading dislocations generated in the above are approximately the same as when the base layer is 5 ⁇ m by a known technique. As a result, the time required for film formation is reduced, and a group III nitride semiconductor is formed with high productivity.
- an n-type in which a base layer made of a group III nitride semiconductor thin film is formed on a buffer layer and then a trace amount of an impurity element such as Si is added.
- a group III nitride semiconductor layer By sequentially laminating a group III nitride semiconductor layer, a light emitting layer having a multiple quantum well structure of InGaN and GaN, and an n-type group III nitride semiconductor layer to which a small amount of an impurity element such as Mg is added, An epitaxial wafer made of a group nitride semiconductor is formed. Thereafter, a well-known translucent electrode, p-type bonding pad electrode, etc.
- n-type group III nitride semiconductor layer are formed on the p-type group III nitride semiconductor layer on the epitaxial wafer using lithography technology and RIE technology, and n-type A well-known n-type electrode is formed on the group III nitride semiconductor layer, and finally a well-known protective film is formed.
- ITO Indium-Tin-Oxide
- Ti titanium
- Al aluminum
- Au gold
- Ni nickel
- SiO 2 silicon oxide
- the wafer formed with the LED structure thus obtained is separated into 350 ⁇ m square LED chips by scribing, this LED chip is placed on a lead frame, and connected to the lead frame with a gold wire to form an LED. It can be set as an element.
- an illuminating device etc. can be comprised using this LED element.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show the concept of tilt mosaic spread (variation in crystal orientation in the vertical direction of the substrate) and twist mosaic spread (variation in crystal orientation in the in-plane direction) as indices representing the orientation of the buffer layer.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram for explaining the mosaic spread of the tilt of the buffer layer formed on the sapphire substrate.
- Reference numerals 201 to 204 denote the domain structure of the wurtzite crystal structure that constitutes the buffer layer, and all indicate the c-axis orientation.
- Reference numeral 205 denotes a sapphire substrate.
- the c-axis directions of the domains 201 and 202 are aligned, and the c-axis is the main crystal orientation in the buffer layer.
- the c-axis directions of the domains 203 and 204 are the c-axis directions of the domains 201 and 202. Slightly inclined with respect to the direction.
- FIG. 2B is a view for explaining the mosaic spread of the buffer layer twist formed on the sapphire substrate.
- Reference numerals 206 to 209 denote domain structures made of a c-axis oriented wurtzite crystal structure constituting the buffer layer described above.
- the orientation of the a-axis of the domains 206 and 207 (the crystal orientation in the in-plane direction) is aligned and is the main crystal orientation of the a-axis in the buffer layer, but the orientation of the a-axis of the domain 208 and the domain 209 is There is a slight in-plane rotation with respect to the direction of the a-axis of the domains 206 and 207.
- Such a variation from the dominant crystal orientation to the whole is called a mosaic spread.
- a variation in crystal orientation in the direction perpendicular to the substrate is a tilt mosaic spread
- a variation in crystal orientation in the in-plane direction is a twist mosaic.
- the size of the mosaic spread of tilt and twist is determined by the X-ray rocking curve with respect to a specific lattice plane (symmetric plane) formed parallel to the substrate surface or a specific lattice plane formed perpendicular to the substrate surface. Evaluation can be made by performing (XRC) measurement and examining the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the obtained diffraction peak.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B and the above description explain the tilt and twist mosaic spread conceptually in an easy-to-understand manner, and do not guarantee strictness.
- the crystal orientation in the substrate vertical direction that is dominant with respect to the whole and the crystal orientation in the in-plane direction that is dominant with respect to the whole are not necessarily completely coincident with the directions of the c-axis and a-axis of the sapphire substrate. There is a case.
- a gap between crystals as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B may not necessarily be formed. What is important is that the mosaic spread indicates the degree of variation from the dominant crystal orientation.
- FIG. 3A shows a state in which the buffer layer is formed with + c polarity
- FIG. 3B shows a state in which the buffer layer is formed with -c polarity.
- C, Si, Ge, Mg, Zn, Mn, and Cr included in the buffer layer are omitted.
- reference numeral 301 denotes an Al or Ga atom
- reference numeral 302 denotes an N atom
- reference numeral 303 denotes a sapphire substrate.
- the lattice position of Al or Ga atoms and the lattice position of N atoms are interchanged.
- Such a polarity also exists in a group III nitride semiconductor thin film having a wurtzite crystal structure.
- a group III nitride semiconductor thin film having a + c polarity is compared with a group III nitride semiconductor thin film having a + c polarity. The crystal quality tends to be good.
- the polarity state of the buffer layer is easily maintained from the buffer layer to the base layer made of the group III nitride semiconductor thin film, it is desirable to obtain the buffer layer with + c polarity.
- the base layer is prevented from taking over the ⁇ c polarity orientation state contained in the buffer layer. Therefore, it is not essential to form the buffer layer with + c polarity.
- Al x Ga 1-x N C, Al x Ga 1-x N: Si, Al x Ga 1-x N: Ge, Al x Ga 1-x N: A buffer layer having at least one wurtzite crystal structure of Mg, Al x Ga 1-x N: Zn, Al x Ga 1-x N: Mn, and Al x Ga 1-x N: Cr (provided that 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, and the ratio of C, Si, Ge, Mg, Zn, Mn, and Cr in the entire buffer layer is 5 at% or less) formed on the sapphire substrate by sputtering, whereby a buffer using a known technique As compared with the above, it is possible to obtain a buffer layer whose lattice is relaxed on the surface of the buffer layer.
- the base layer has an orientation equivalent to that of a buffer layer by a known technique.
- the base layer has a threading dislocation density of 5 ⁇ m by a known technique. It is equivalent to a thick underlayer, that is, it is possible to keep the crystallinity of the underlayer of 2 ⁇ m in good condition, so that the time required for film formation is reduced and high-quality group III nitriding with high productivity A semiconductor thin film can be obtained.
- Example 1 As an embodiment of the present invention, a buffer layer made of AlN: Si is formed on a sapphire substrate using the sputtering apparatus S of FIG. 1, and then a base layer made of a group III nitride semiconductor thin film is formed by MOCVD. An example of forming will be described.
- a buffer layer made of AlN: Si is used, but other buffer layers (Al x Ga 1-x N: C, Al x Ga 1-x N: Si, Al x Ga 1-x N: At least one wurtzite of Ge, Al x Ga 1-x N: Mg, Al x Ga 1-x N: Zn, Al x Ga 1-x N: Mn, Al x Ga 1-x N: Cr
- Al x Ga 1-x N Cr
- a buffer layer having a crystal structure (however, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, and the ratio of C, Si, Ge, Mg, Zn, Mn, and Cr to the entire buffer layer is 5 at% or less)) can get.
- a buffer layer made of AlN: Si is formed on the sapphire substrate using the sputtering apparatus S of FIG. 1 under the following conditions. Note that the film formation conditions of the buffer layer in this example are the same as those in Patent Document 1 except for the target.
- an underlayer made of 2 ⁇ m GaN is formed on the 40 nm AlN: Si buffer layer by MOCVD.
- the threading dislocation density of the obtained underlayer is estimated to be about 3.5 ⁇ 10 8 cm ⁇ 2 by the cathodoluminescence method.
- the presence or absence of the plasma treatment of the substrate before the formation of the buffer layer, and the number of dummy discharges by a known technique in the case of the plasma treatment is set to 0 and 16 times, respectively, the buffer layer is formed, There is no significant difference in the film quality of the buffer layer and the film quality of the underlying layer made of GaN formed thereon.
- a confirmation experiment of the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1 was performed as a comparative example.
- a buffer layer made of AlN was formed on a sapphire substrate by a sputtering apparatus having the same configuration as the sputtering apparatus described in FIG. Thereafter, an underlayer composed of 2 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m GaN is formed by MOCVD.
- the film formation conditions for the buffer layer made of AlN are the same as the film formation conditions disclosed in Patent Document 1, and are the same as the film formation conditions for the buffer layer of Example 1. Furthermore, the film formation conditions of the underlayer made of GaN formed by the MOCVD method are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the buffer layer made of AlN formed in this comparative example contains less than 1% oxygen, and the orientation at 40 nm and the in-plane lattice constant at 10 nm are almost the same as the buffer layer in Example 1. is there.
- the in-plane lattice constant at 40 nm is not significantly different from the in-plane lattice constant at 10 nm, and almost no lattice relaxation occurs.
- a base layer made of a GaN film was formed to 2 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, and 8 ⁇ m by MOCVD, and the threading dislocation densities were about 1 ⁇ 10 9 cm ⁇ 2 and about 5 ⁇ 10 8 cm ⁇ 2, respectively.
- the buffer layer according to the embodiment of the present invention even if the base layer made of the GaN film is less than 5 ⁇ m, the film thickness of 5 ⁇ m or more formed by the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 is used. A crystal quality equivalent to that of GaN can be obtained. As a result, a group III nitride semiconductor can be obtained with high productivity while having high crystal quality. Note that when a base layer made of 8 ⁇ m of GaN is formed on the buffer layer obtained by one embodiment of the present invention, the threading dislocation density is about 1.5 ⁇ 10 8 cm ⁇ 2 , and the quality is further improved. A Group III nitride semiconductor thin film having crystal quality is obtained. However, in this case, since productivity is lowered, it can be considered to be used for manufacturing ultra-high-spec LEDs that require a particularly low threading dislocation density.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一実施形態として、図1のスパッタリング装置Sを用いて、AlN:Siからなるバッファー層をサファイア基板上に形成し、その後、MOCVD法によって、III族窒化物半導体薄膜からなる下地層を形成する例について説明する。なお、本実施例ではAlN:Siからなるバッファー層を用いるが、他のバッファー層(AlxGa1-xN:C、AlxGa1-xN:Si、AlxGa1-xN:Ge、AlxGa1-xN:Mg、AlxGa1-xN:Zn、AlxGa1-xN:Mn、AlxGa1-xN:Crの、少なくともいずれか一つのウルツ鉱結晶構造を有するバッファー層(ただし、0≦x≦1であり、C、Si、Ge、Mg、Zn、Mn、Crのバッファー層全体に占める割合は5at%以下))についても、同様の効果が得られる。
・基板:(0001)サファイア
・基板洗浄:フッ酸および有機溶剤による洗浄
・プラズマ処理の有無:有および無
・プラズマ処理時の基板温度:500℃
・プラズマ処理時の圧力:1.0Pa
・プラズマ処理時のプロセスガス:N2
・プラズマ処理時のRFバイアス電力:50W
・ダミー放電回数:0回および16回
・成膜前の到達圧力:1.0×10-5Pa以下
・成膜に使用したターゲット:Al:Si(Si濃度:0.5%)
・成膜時の基板温度:500℃
・成膜時の圧力:0.5Pa
・成膜時のプロセスガス:Ar+N2(Ar:5sccm、N2:15sccm)
・成膜時のRF電力:2000W
次に、比較例として、特許文献1に開示された発明の確認実験を行った。本比較例において、特許文献1の図5に記載されたスパッタリング装置と同様の構成を有するスパッタリング装置によって、AlNからなるバッファー層をサファイア基板上に形成した。その後、MOCVD法によって2μmおよび5μmのGaNからなる下地層を形成する。また、AlNからなるバッファー層の成膜条件は、特許文献1に開示された成膜条件と同様であり、実施例1のバッファー層の成膜条件とも同じ条件としている。更に、MOCVD法によって成膜したGaNからなる下地層の成膜条件は、実施例1と同様である。
Claims (8)
- AlxGa1-xN(ただし、0≦x≦1)に、C,Si,Ge,Mg,Zn,Mn,Crの群から選ばれた少なくとも一つの物質が添加されたウルツ鉱構造を有するエピタキシャル膜を備えるバッファー層を、基板ホルダーに保持されたサファイア基板上に、スパッタリング法によって形成する工程を有することを特徴とする成膜方法。
- 前記基板ホルダーは、前記サファイア基板を任意の温度に加熱可能なヒーターを備えており、
前記バッファー層は、前記サファイア基板が前記基板ホルダーの基板対向面と所定距離だけ離間して保持された状態で、前記サファイア基板上に形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の成膜方法。 - 前記バッファー層中の、前記C,Si,Ge,Mg,Zn,Mn,Crの群から選ばれた少なくとも一つの物質の割合は、5at%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の成膜方法。
- 前記バッファー層上に、III族窒化物半導体薄膜を備える下地層を形成する工程を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の成膜方法。
- 前記下地層の膜厚は5μm未満であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の成膜方法。
- サファイア基板上にウルツ鉱構造を有するエピタキシャル膜を備えるバッファー層をスパッタリング法によって形成する工程と、
前記バッファー層の上に下地層を形成する工程と、
前記下地層の上に発光層を形成する工程と、を有し、
前記バッファー層は請求項1に記載された成膜方法によって形成されることを特徴とする半導体発光素子の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載された成膜方法によって形成された前記バッファー層を有することを特徴とする半導体発光素子。
- 請求項7に記載の半導体発光素子を備えることを特徴とする照明装置。
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| JP2015505257A JP6063035B2 (ja) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-02-26 | 成膜方法、半導体発光素子の製造方法、半導体発光素子、照明装置 |
| KR1020157019176A KR101799330B1 (ko) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-02-26 | 성막 방법, 반도체 발광 소자의 제조 방법, 반도체 발광 소자, 조명 장치 |
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