WO2014030369A1 - 超音速気流によるアルミナ、マグネシアの還元方法 - Google Patents
超音速気流によるアルミナ、マグネシアの還元方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014030369A1 WO2014030369A1 PCT/JP2013/056417 JP2013056417W WO2014030369A1 WO 2014030369 A1 WO2014030369 A1 WO 2014030369A1 JP 2013056417 W JP2013056417 W JP 2013056417W WO 2014030369 A1 WO2014030369 A1 WO 2014030369A1
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- alumina
- magnesia
- aluminum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/20—Obtaining alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/22—Obtaining magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/02—Obtaining aluminium with reducing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/04—Obtaining aluminium with alkali metals earth alkali metals included
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
- C22B4/02—Light metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
- C22B5/14—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases fluidised material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for reducing alumina and magnesia for isolating aluminum or magnesium by reducing alumina (aluminum oxide) or magnesia (magnesium oxide) using supersonic airflow.
- Aluminum is a metal that is light and has good workability, and is a material that is widely used in building materials and industrial products because it has an oxide film covering the surface and the interior is protected and has excellent corrosion resistance.
- Various methods such as rolling, extrusion, and casting can be applied to the processed surface, and duralumin is well known as an alloy.
- duralumin is well known as an alloy.
- it is used in technical fields that take advantage of its excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, generates high heat when it burns, and has an energy density per volume comparable to that of coal and oil. Since it is (41.9 kJ / cm 3 ), it is also a metal having a potential to be used as an energy source in the future.
- Hall Elue method is widely used as an aluminum refining method, and its details are omitted, but bauxite, an ore rich in alumina, is melted with sodium hydroxide to extract alumina (the Bayer method), which is then iced. It is melted in an electrolytic bath (1300K) using crystallite (Ga3AlF6) and refined to aluminum by electrolysis using a carbon electrode.
- the carbon electrode on the anode side acts as a reducing agent, which combines with oxygen in alumina to generate carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (1100K or more).
- the Hall Elue method is still used as the main method for refining alumina, but it consumes a large amount of power to separate aluminum (power consumption for producing 1 ton of aluminum: 13,000-14) , 000 kWh), at that time, as mentioned above, it becomes a problem to generate a large amount of greenhouse gases such as CO and CO 2 .
- the latter problem is also a factor that directly leads to global warming, and can be said to be an important issue for which alternative methods should be developed on a global scale.
- Patent Document 1 technological development for improving its energy efficiency has been seen (see, for example, “Patent Document 1”), and a reduction method replacing the Hall-Eleu method has been proposed. (For example, refer to “Patent Document 2” and “Patent Document 3”.) Neither of them fundamentally solves the above problem, and there is still room for drastic improvement regarding the alumina reduction method. I can say that.
- Magnesium is even lighter than aluminum and has excellent workability, and is widely used as an additive for improving the mechanical properties of various materials, including industrial materials such as automobiles, aircraft, and machinery.
- the metal used.
- the processing surface can be applied to die casting, extrusion, press molding, forging, etc. and has a wide range of applications. Although it is corrosive due to its relatively high chemical activity, it can be stabilized by surface treatment. Furthermore, it is also known to generate a high amount of heat (601.7 kj / mol) by burning.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the Hall-Eleu method for aluminum, eliminates the above-mentioned problems of the Pigeon method, which is the current main refining method, for magnesium, and is harmful to greenhouse gases and the human body. It aims at providing the reduction
- aluminum, magnesium and oxygen are thermally dissociated by making alumina and magnesia into a plasma state using a heating means such as a laser beam, and the recombination of aluminum, magnesium and oxygen is performed using this plasma state gas as a supersonic air flow.
- a step of isolating aluminum and magnesium by ejecting the resulting gas from a nozzle at a supersonic speed to form a frozen flow and a method for reducing alumina and magnesia.
- alumina powder and magnesia powder are introduced together with a carrier gas to the upstream side of the throat portion provided in the reduction device, and this is also introduced by the working gas introduced upstream of the throat portion. Then, the throat portion region is heated by a heating means such as laser light to thermally dissociate alumina and magnesia, and then ejected as a supersonic airflow from a nozzle downstream of the throat portion.
- hydrogen may be further added to the working gas, and reduction of alumina and magnesia may be promoted by the action of hydrogen. Thereby, reduction efficiency can further be improved.
- a step of controlling the amount of the alumina powder and magnesia powder introduced upstream of the throat portion may be further included. Further, the method may further include a step of introducing aluminum and magnesium after isolation into a cooling pipe and depositing the aluminum and magnesium in the cooling pipe to recover aluminum and magnesium.
- FIG. 1 shows an outline of an alumina reduction method according to the present embodiment, which applies a laser propulsion technique and a laser plasma wind tunnel technique derived therefrom.
- the alumina reduction method is a step of thermally dissociating alumina shown in the A region on the left side of the figure, which is divided by a broken line, and isolating aluminum from oxygen and oxygen shown in the central B region. And the step of recovering the isolated aluminum shown in the C region on the right side. The flow of each step moves from the left side to the right side.
- a throat portion 111 for restricting the flow is provided inside the reducing apparatus 100 used in the present embodiment, and on the upstream side (left side of the figure).
- the alumina introduction port 112 is further provided with a working gas introduction port 113 on the upstream side thereof.
- Alumina powder is introduced into the apparatus together with a carrier gas such as argon from the alumina introduction port 112, and a pressurized working gas composed of an inert gas such as oxygen and argon gas is introduced from the working gas introduction port 113.
- the content of alumina in the whole is appropriately controlled, for example, in the range of about 0.1 to 0.6 g / l (l: liter).
- the pressure of the working gas introduced from the working gas introduction port 113 is preferably about 10 atmospheres.
- the mixture of alumina and carrier gas is pumped by the working gas from the left to the right in the figure toward the throat portion 111.
- the throat portion 111 is irradiated with laser light 114 from the left side of the drawing with a focus on the throat portion 111.
- a carbon dioxide gas laser having a maximum output of 2 kW, a wavelength of 10.6 ⁇ m, and a beam diameter of 34 mm is used.
- the specification of the laser beam 114 is as long as it gives a sufficient amount of heat to turn alumina into a plasma state. Good.
- the vicinity of the focal point of the laser beam locally reaches a high temperature of 12,000 K, and the high heat melts the alumina (the melting point of alumina is 2,300 K, even in the case of magnesia, 3,070 K). Oxygen is thermally dissociated.
- the gas in the plasma state is moved to the region B in the center of FIG. 1 and heated and expanded, and is squeezed by the throat portion 111, and then becomes a jet from the nozzle 116 that is the outlet of the throat portion 111. Released to the right.
- the flow velocity of the gas becomes a supersonic flow of 1,000 to 3,000 m / s, and the air flow is rapidly cooled by rapid expansion.
- oxygen is drawn to the anode and combined with carbon to be separated into carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, and only the remaining aluminum is melted. It settles in the furnace and is collected.
- a cooled copper tube 117 is used, and the oxygen in the separated gas body is released by flowing a fluid therethrough, and aluminum is deposited on the tube wall of the copper tube 117 and recovered. it can.
- This recovery method is an example, and for example, it is possible to recover by using a filter that transmits oxygen and captures aluminum powder.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of an alumina supply device that controls the amount of alumina particles introduced.
- an alumina supply device 10 includes a turntable 11 from below, an alumina container 12 placed on the turntable 11, a discharge tube 13 for supplying alumina powder into the alumina container 12, and an alumina container 12
- the turntable 11 is rotationally driven by a motor 17, and this rotational speed can be controlled by a control device (not shown).
- the alumina powder 5 is appropriately discharged from the discharge tube 13 into the alumina container 12.
- a sensor (not shown) can be attached to the tip of the discharge tube 13 to detect the level of the alumina powder 5 in the alumina container 12 and supply it so as to keep it at a constant level.
- the discharge tube 13 can be replenished with alumina powder sequentially.
- alumina powder having a diameter of about 0.03 to 3 ⁇ m can be used.
- the alumina powder used in one treatment is It is desirable to select and use the particles having almost the same particle size.
- the alumina supply pipe 14 and the carrier gas supply pipe 16 have a double pipe structure, and a carrier gas such as argon or helium can be supplied from above to below through the carrier gas supply pipe 16 on the outer periphery.
- the double-pipe structure is at a height in contact with the alumina powder 5 in the alumina container 12, and the carrier gas mixed with the alumina powder 5 is then pushed out of the alumina supply pipe 14 upward from below by the pressure of the carrier gas. Further, it is supplied toward the alumina inlet 112 shown in FIG.
- the alumina powder 5 is discharged from the alumina discharge pipe 13 into the alumina container 12, and the turntable 11 is rotationally driven by the motor 17.
- the carrier gas is supplied from above the carrier gas supply pipe 16, and the alumina powder 5 is entrained in the carrier gas at the lower end of the double pipe and pushed into the alumina supply pipe 14, and the mixed gas is the alumina shown in FIG. It is supplied to the alumina inlet 112 of the reducing device 100.
- the amount of alumina supplied can be controlled by adjusting the rotational speed of the turntable 11.
- the double tube structure is an example, and other methods for introducing alumina powder may be employed.
- FIG. 3 shows the aluminum reduction efficiency in the alumina reduction method using laser light according to the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents the utilization efficiency (%) of the dropped energy, and the vertical axis represents the aluminum reduction efficiency (mg / kg). kJ).
- the reduction efficiency in the present embodiment is indicated by a solid line with a mark ⁇ , and as a comparison, the reduction efficiency (about 10 mg / kJ) in the Hall-Eleu method is indicated by a broken line.
- the energy of the laser light is the heat loss on the wall surface (about 40%), the chemical loss (about 15%), the transmission loss (about 10%), etc. due to the radiation in the throat portion 111 of FIG.
- the efficiency of at least 35% can still be achieved. Therefore, the alumina reduction method according to the present embodiment may have a higher aluminum reduction efficiency than the Hall Elle method.
- the fundamental advantage of the present invention over the Hall Elue method is that there is no generation of greenhouse gases such as CO 2 and CO and harmful gases. Only oxygen separated from alumina and inert gas such as argon used as carrier gas and working gas are discharged.
- the method for reducing alumina according to the present embodiment is basically the same as that of the previous embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, and the working gas introduced from the working gas inlet 113 is different. Is to add hydrogen.
- the amount of hydrogen added can be about 0 to 50%, preferably about 1 to 30% by weight with respect to the working gas. Hydrogen is combined with oxygen when the alumina heated by the laser beam is melted and aluminum and oxygen are separated, and promotes the reducing action of alumina.
- the solid line marked with ⁇ indicates the reduction efficiency when hydrogen is used as the reducing agent.
- the utilization efficiency of about 4% of the energy input as laser light can surpass the reduction efficiency by the Hall-Eleu method, and if the energy utilization efficiency is 35% as estimated, the Hall efficiency -A reduction efficiency (mg / kJ) that is 10 times or more that of the Eru method can be achieved.
- the Hall efficiency -A reduction efficiency (mg / kJ) that is 10 times or more that of the Eru method can be achieved.
- only water (H 2 O) is additionally discharged, and no harmful gas or the like is generated at all as in the previous embodiment.
- laser light is used as a heating means when reducing alumina by thermal dissociation rather than electrolysis according to the prior art, but the present invention is limited to this. Instead, other heating means may be used. Examples thereof include arc discharge and inductively coupled plasma. However, when arc discharge is used, the electrodes (tungsten, copper) are consumed, and there is a problem that the operation is limited particularly in an oxygen atmosphere. When inductively coupled plasma is used, the operating pressure is 1 In addition to being restricted to below atmospheric pressure, there is a problem of interference with aluminum which is a generated metal.
- the operation in an oxygen atmosphere is possible, and the operation pressure can be maintained high (up to about 10 atm), so that the supersonic speed is high. It can be said that it is more suitable for obtaining a frozen flow.
- Embodiment 1 The alumina reduction shown in Embodiment 1 was performed with the following specifications.
- -Laser specification A continuous oscillation type carbon dioxide laser with an output of 1 KW is used. Wavelength: 10.6 ⁇ m, beam diameter: 34 mm, lens: f95.
- -Throat specification Throat diameter: 1 mm, nozzle outlet: 10 mm
- -Alumina powder flow rate 10% mass ratio to carrier gas (argon).
- -Alumina powder diameter 3 ⁇ m
- peaks of emission spectrum (257 nm, 309 nm, 396 nm) indicating the presence of aluminum atoms in the frozen flow (supersonic air flow) were observed, confirming the isolation of aluminum.
- the method for reducing alumina and magnesia according to the present invention can be used in the industrial field in which aluminum is produced by refining alumina and in the industrial field in which magnesium is produced by refining magnesia.
- Alumina powder (may be magnesia powder, the same applies hereinafter), 10: Alumina supply device, 11: Turntable, 12: Alumina container, 13: Release pipe, 14: Alumina supply pipe, 16: Carrier gas Supply pipe, 17: Motor, 100: Reduction device, 111: Throat section, 112: Alumina inlet, 113: Working gas inlet, 114: Laser light, 116: Nozzle, 117: Copper pipe,
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- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
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Description
Al2O3+3C→2Al+3CO
Al2O3+3/2C→2Al+3/2CO2
2MgO+Si→SiO2+2Mg
また、後者の場合は、主に海水から得られる塩化マグネシウムを電解してマグネシウムを得ている(電解精錬法)。
MgCl2→Mg+Cl2
しかしながら、これらいずれの方法も多量のエネルギ消費を必要とする点では変わりはなく、このためマグネシウムに関しても低エネルギ消費による精錬方法が求められている。
Al2O3=2Al+3/2O2-838kJ
Al2O3+3H=2Al+3H2O-112kJ
-レーザ仕様:出力1KWの連続発振型炭酸ガスレーザを使用。波長:10.6μm、ビーム径:34mm、レンズ:f95。
-スロート仕様:スロート径:1mm、ノズル出口:10mm
-アルミナ粉末流量:キャリアガス(アルゴン)に対して10%質量比。
-アルミナ粉末径:3μm
その結果、図4に示すように、凍結流(超音速気流)中にアルミニウム原子の存在を示す発光スペクトルのピーク(257nm、309nm、396nm)が観察され、アルミニウムの単離が確認された。
Claims (6)
- 加熱手段を用いてアルミナ粉末又はマグネシア粉末を加熱しプラズマ状態としてアルミニウム又はマグネシウムと酸素に熱解離するステップと、
プラズマ状態となったガスをノズルから超音速で噴出して凍結流とすることによりアルミニウム又はマグネシウムを単離するステップと、
を含むことを特徴とするアルミナ又はマグネシアの還元方法。 - 還元装置に設けられるスロート部の上流側にアルミナ粉末又はマグネシア粉末をキャリアガスと共に導入し、同じくスロート部の上流側に導入された作動ガスによってこれをスロート部に圧送し、加熱手段によりスロート部を加熱してアルミナ又はマグネシアを熱解離した後これをスロート部下流のノズルから超音速気流として噴出する、請求項1に記載のアルミナ又はマグネシアの還元方法。
- 前記作動ガス中に水素を加え、水素の作用によりアルミナ又はマグネシアの還元を促進する、請求項2に記載のアルミナ又はマグネシアの還元方法。
- スロート部の上流側に導入されるアルミナ粉末又はマグネシアの量を制御するステップをさらに含む、請求項2に記載のアルミナ又はマグネシアの還元方法。
- 単離したアルミニウム又はマグネシウムを冷却管の中に導き、該冷却管の内部に堆積させてアルミニウム又はマグネシウムを回収するステップ、もしくは単離したアルミニウム又はマグネシウムをフィルタ装置を用いて回収するステップのいずれかをさらに含む、請求項2に記載のアルミナ又はマグネシアの還元方法。
- 前記加熱手段がレーザ光である、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一に記載のアルミナ又はマグネシアの還元方法。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2878909A CA2878909C (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2013-03-08 | Method for reducing alumina or magnesia by utilising supersonic gas flow |
| US14/421,181 US9617620B2 (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2013-03-08 | Method for reducing alumina or magnesia by utilizing supersonic gas flow |
| JP2014531515A JP5995175B2 (ja) | 2012-08-22 | 2013-03-08 | 超音速気流によるアルミナ、マグネシアの還元方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012183356 | 2012-08-22 | ||
| JP2012-183356 | 2012-08-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2014030369A1 true WO2014030369A1 (ja) | 2014-02-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/JP2013/056417 Ceased WO2014030369A1 (ja) | 2012-08-22 | 2013-03-08 | 超音速気流によるアルミナ、マグネシアの還元方法 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9617620B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5995175B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2878909C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2014030369A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025024610A1 (en) * | 2023-07-24 | 2025-01-30 | Alterna Materials, Inc. | Improved industrial reduction of bauxite and alumina to aluminum by hydrogen |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6080034B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-22 | 2017-02-15 | 日本エクス・クロン株式会社 | アルミニウムを再生可能燃料として利用する方法 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5247502A (en) * | 1975-10-14 | 1977-04-15 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Metal refining process with thermal plasma |
| JPS5274515A (en) * | 1975-11-03 | 1977-06-22 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Method and apparatus for ore reduction |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5495010B2 (ja) * | 2009-07-31 | 2014-05-21 | バイオコーク技研株式会社 | 酸化マグネシウム還元方法及び反応装置 |
| US8652992B2 (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2014-02-18 | SDCmaterials, Inc. | Pinning and affixing nano-active material |
-
2013
- 2013-03-08 JP JP2014531515A patent/JP5995175B2/ja active Active
- 2013-03-08 WO PCT/JP2013/056417 patent/WO2014030369A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2013-03-08 US US14/421,181 patent/US9617620B2/en active Active
- 2013-03-08 CA CA2878909A patent/CA2878909C/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5247502A (en) * | 1975-10-14 | 1977-04-15 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Metal refining process with thermal plasma |
| JPS5274515A (en) * | 1975-11-03 | 1977-06-22 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Method and apparatus for ore reduction |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| YOSHIHIRO ARAKAWA ET AL.: "Research and Development of an Energy Cycle System Using Aluminum", PLASMA OYO KAGAKU, vol. 20, no. L, June 2012 (2012-06-01), pages 3 - 8 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025024610A1 (en) * | 2023-07-24 | 2025-01-30 | Alterna Materials, Inc. | Improved industrial reduction of bauxite and alumina to aluminum by hydrogen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20150203937A1 (en) | 2015-07-23 |
| JPWO2014030369A1 (ja) | 2016-07-28 |
| CA2878909A1 (en) | 2014-02-27 |
| JP5995175B2 (ja) | 2016-09-21 |
| US9617620B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 |
| CA2878909C (en) | 2019-09-24 |
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