Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/50—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids the nitrogen atom being doubly bound to the carbon skeleton
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/88—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms six-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
  • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
  • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
  • A01N47/24—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing the groups, or; Thio analogues thereof

Definitions

• the present invention relates to fungicidal ternary mixtures comprising at least one inhibitor of complex II and at least one inhibitor of complex III at Q 0 site as defined herein and fluazinam, to composition comprising said mixtures and to the use and to methods for combating phytopathogenic fungi.
• the present invention also relates to seeds treated with at least one such mixture. Furthermore the invention relates to processes for preparing mixtures and compositions of such mixtures.
• Binary mixtures of the inhibitor of complex II boscalid with one of the inhibitors of complex III at Qo site pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin or trifloxystrobin or with fluazinam have been mentioned in WO 98/08385 and WO 99/31981 , respectively. Further, WO 2007/017416 mentions inter alia binary fungicidal mixtures of the inhibitor of complex II fluxapyroxad with one of the inhibitors of complex III at Q 0 site pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin or trifloxystrobin or with fluazinam.
• mixtures of more than two different active compounds are employed for controlling harmful fungi.
• mixtures of more than two different active compounds are employed for controlling harmful fungi.
• the invention also relates to a method for controlling phytopathogenic harmful fungi using mixtures of at least one inhibitor of complex II as defined herein and pyraclostrobin and fluazinam and to the use of a compound I and a compound II and fluazinam for preparing such mixtures, and to compositions comprising these mixtures and seed comprising these mixtures or coated with this this mixture.
• the present invention relates to mixtures comprising, as active components
• these ternary mixtures comprise the component 1 ), component 2) and component 3) in a synergistically effective amount.
• the weight ratio of compound I (component 1 ) and compound II (component 2) depends from the properties of the active substances used, usually it is in the range of from 1 :50 to 50:1 , regularly in the range of from 1 :20 to 20:1 , preferably in the range of from 1 :10 to 10:1 , more preferably in the range of from 1 :4 to 4:1 and in particular in the range of from 1 :2 to 2:1 , and the weight ratio of compound I (component 1 ) and fluazinam (component 3) usually it is in the range of from 1 :50 to 50:1 , regularly in the range of from 1 :20 to 20:1 , preferably in the range of from 1 :10 to 10:1 , more preferably in the range of from 1 :4 to 4:1 and in particular in the range of from 1
• the weight ratio of compound I (component 1 ) and compound II (component 2) depends from the properties of the active substances used, usually it is in the range of from 0.5:1 to 1 :5, regularly in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :3, preferably in the range of from 1 :1 .5 to 1 :3, and in particular in the range of 1 :2, and the weight ratio of compound I (component 1 ) and fluazinam (component 3) usually it is in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :50, regularly in the range of from 1 :5 to 1 :25, preferably in the range of from 1 :5 to 1 :15 and in particular in the range
• any further active compounds are, if desired, added in a weight ratio of from 20:1 to 1 :20 to the compound I (component 1 ).
• the compounds I and/or compounds II can be present in different crystal modifications, which may differ in biological activity.
• the compound I is selected from fluxapyroxad, boscalid, benzovindiflupyr and sedaxane. According to another embodiment, in the inventive mixtures the compound I is selected from fluxapyroxad, boscalid and
• the compound I is selected from fluxapyroxad and boscalid. According to a further embodiment, in the inventive mixtures the compound I is boscalid. According to a further embodiment, in the inventive mixtures the compound I is fluxapyroxad.
• the compound II is selected from pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin. According to another embodiment, in the inventive mixtures the compound II is pyraclostrobin.
• mixtures and compositions thereof according to the invention can, in the use form as fungicides, also be present together with other active substances, e. g. with herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators, fungicides or else with fertilizers, as pre-mix or, if appropriate, not until immeadiately prior to use (tank mix).
• active substances e. g. with herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators, fungicides or else with fertilizers, as pre-mix or, if appropriate, not until immeadiately prior to use (tank mix).
• inventive ternary mixtures and the compositions comprising them, respectively, in the use form as fungicides with other fungicides results in many cases in an expansion of the fungicidal spectrum of activity being obtained or in a prevention of fungicide resistance develop- ment. Furthermore, in many cases, additional synergistic effects are obtained.
• the mixtures comprise besides a compound I, a compound II and fluazinam a compound IV (component 4) a further active compound, preferably in a synergistically effective amount.
• a compound IV is an active compound selected from groups A) to O):
• active components e.g. active substances and biopesticides
• active substances e.g. active substances and biopesticides
• Inhibitors of complex III at Q 0 site e.g. strobilurins: azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin,
• coumoxystrobin dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fenaminstrobin, fenoxy- strobin/flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, mandestrobine, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin and 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1 -methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2- methoxyimino-N-methyl-acetamide, pyribencarb, triclopyricarb/chlorodincarb, famoxadone, fenamidone;
• - inhibitors of complex II e. g. carboxamides: benodanil, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isofetamid, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, tecloftalam, thifluzamide, N-(4'- trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2- (1 ,3,3-trimethyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,
• complex II e. g. carboxamides: benodanil, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen,
• respiration inhibitors e.g. complex I, uncouplers: diflumetorim, (5,8-difluoroquinazolin-
• nitrophenyl derivates binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam; ferimzone; organometal compounds: fentin salts, such as fentin-acetate, fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide; ametoctradin; and silthiofam;
• DMI fungicides triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol,
• epoxiconazole fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole,
• Delta14-reductase inhibitors aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperalin, spiroxamine;
• phenylamides or acyl amino acid fungicides benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, kiralaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl;
• hymexazole hymexazole, octhilinone, oxolinic acid, bupirimate, 5-fluorocytosine, 5-fluoro-2-(p- tolylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine, 5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine;
• - tubulin inhibitors such as benzimidazoles, thiophanates: benomyl, carbendazim,
• cell division inhibitors diethofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycuron, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriofenone;
• - methionine synthesis inhibitors anilino-pyrimidines: cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil; - protein synthesis inhibitors: blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracyclin, polyoxine, validamycin A;
• MAP / histidine kinase inhibitors fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil;
• - Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors edifenphos, iprobenfos, pyrazophos, isoprothiolane;
• lipid peroxidation dicloran, quintozene, tecnazene, tolclofos-methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole;
• oxathiapiprolin oxathiapiprolin
• organochlorine compounds e.g. phthalimides, sulfamides, chloronitriles: anilazine,
• chlorothalonil captafol, captan, folpet, dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorphenole and its salts, phthalide, tolylfluanid, N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4- methyl-benzenesulfonamide;
• guanidine dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine-tris(albesilate), dithianon, 2,6-dimethyl- 1 H,5H-[1 ,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1 ,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone;
• glucan synthesis inhibitors validamycin, polyoxin B; melanin synthesis inhibitors:
• Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense activator activity Ampelomyces quisqualis, Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. mojavensis, B. pumilus, B. simplex, B. solisalsi, B. subtilis, B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens, Candida oleophila, C. saitoana, Clavibacter
• michiganensis (bacteriophages), Coniothyrium minitans, Cryphonectria parasitica, Cryptococcus albidus, Fusarium oxysporum, Clonostachys rosea f. catenulate (also named Gliocladium catenulatum), Gliocladium roseum, Metschnikowia fructicola, Microdochium dimerum, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Pantoea agglomerans, Phlebiopsis gigantea, Pseudozyma flocculosa, Pythium oligandrum, Sphaerodes mycoparasitica, Streptomyces lydicus, S.
• T. violaceusniger also named Gliocladium virens
• T. viride Typhula phacorrhiza, Ulocladium oudema, U. oudemansii,
• Verticillium dahlia zucchini yellow mosaic virus (avirulent strain);
• activator activity chitosan (hydrolysate), laminarin, Menhaden fish oil, natamycin, Plum pox virus coat protein, Reynoutria sachlinensis extract, salicylic acid, tea tree oil;
• Agrobacterium radiobacter Bacillus firmus, B. thuringiensis ssp. israelensis, B. t. ssp. galleriae, B. t. ssp. kurstaki, Beauveria bassiana, Burkholderia sp., Chromobacterium subtsugae, Cydia pomonella granulosis virus, Isaria fumosorosea, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Lecanicillium longisporum, L. muscarium (formerly Verticillium lecanii), Metarhizium anisopliae, M. anisopliae var.
• Microbial pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and/or yield enhancing activity Azospirillum amazonense A. brasilense, A. lipoferum, A. irakense, A. halopraeferens, Bradyrhizobium sp., B. elkanii, B. japonicum, B. liaoningense, B. lupini, Glomus intraradices, Mesorhizobium sp., Paenibacillus alvei, Penicillium bilaiae, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseolii, R. I. trifolii, R. I. bv. viciae P1 NP3Cst, Sinorhizobium meliloti;
• Biochemical pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator and/or plant yield enhancing activity abscisic acid, aluminium silicate (kaolin), 3-decen-2-one, homobrassinlide, humates, jasmonic acid or salts or derivatives thereof,
• abscisic acid amidochlor, ancymidol, 6-benzylaminopurine, brassinolide, butralin, chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), choline chloride, cyclanilide, daminozide, dikegulac, dimethipin, 2,6- dimethylpuridine, ethephon, flumetralin, flurprimidol, fluthiacet, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, inabenfide, indole-3-acetic acid , maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), naphthaleneacetic acid, N-6-benzyladenine, paclobutrazol, prohexadione (prohexadione- calcium), prohydrojasmon, thidiazuron, triapenthenol, tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
• acetochlor alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, flufenacet,
• mefenacet metolachlor, metazachlor, napropamide, naproanilide, pethoxamid, pretilachlor, propachlor, thenylchlor;
• EPTC esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, phenmedipham, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, thiobencarb, triallate;
• acifluorfen acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, diclofop, ethoxyfen, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen;
• - pyridines aminopyralid, clopyralid, diflufenican, dithiopyr, fluridone, fluroxypyr, picloram, picolinafen, thiazopyr;
• - sulfonyl ureas amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron,
• - triazines ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethametryn, ethiozin, hexazinone, metamitron, metribuzin, prometryn, simazine, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, triaziflam;
• ureas chlorotoluron, daimuron, diuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, linuron, metha- benzthiazuron,tebuthiuron; - other acetolactate synthase inhibitors: bispyribac-sodium, cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flucarbazone, flumetsulam, metosulam, ortho-sulfamuron, penoxsulam, propoxycarbazone, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam;
• amicarbazone amicarbazone, aminotriazole, anilofos, beflubutamid, benazolin,
• organo(thio)phosphates acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos,
• chlorpyrifos-methyl chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethion, fenitrothion, fenthion, isoxathion, malathion, methamidophos,
• methidathion methidathion, methyl-parathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, oxydemeton-methyl, paraoxon, parathion, phenthoate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phorate, phoxim, pirimiphos- methyl, profenofos, prothiofos, sulprophos, tetrachlorvinphos, terbufos, triazophos, trichlorfon;
• - pyrethroids allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cyphenothrin, cypermethrin, alpha- cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, imiprothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, prallethrin, pyrethrin I and II, resmethrin, silafluofen, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, profluthrin, dimefluthrin;
• - insect growth regulators a) chitin synthesis inhibitors: benzoylureas: chlorfluazuron,
• cyramazin diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron; buprofezin, diofenolan, hexythiazox, etoxazole, clofentazine; b) ecdysone antagonists: halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, azadirachtin; c) juvenoids: pyriproxyfen, methoprene, fenoxycarb; d) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors:
• spirodiclofen spiromesifen, spirotetramat
• - nicotinic receptor agonists/antagonists compounds clothianidin, dinotefuran, flupyradifurone, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, 1 -2-chloro-thiazol-5- ylmethyl)-2-nitrimino-3,5-dimethyl-[1 ,3,5]triazinane;
• - GABA antagonist compounds endosulfan, ethiprole, fipronil, vaniliprole, pyrafluprole,
• - macrocyclic lactone insecticides abamectin, emamectin, milbemectin, lepimectin, spinosad, spinetoram;
• oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors cyhexatin, diafenthiuron, fenbutatin oxide, propargite;
• cryomazine cryomazine
• biopesticides from group L their preparation and their biological activity e.g. against harmful fungi, pests are known (e-Pesticide Manual V 5.2 (ISBN 978 1 901396 85 0) (2008- 201 1 ); http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/biopesticides/, see product lists therein; http://www.omri.org/omri-lists, see lists therein; Bio-Pesticides Database BPDB http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/bpdb/, see A to Z link therein).
• biopesticides are registered and/or are commercially available: aluminium silicate (SCREENTM DUO from Certis LLC, USA), Agrobacterium radiobacter K1026 (e.g.
• AFLA-GUARD® from Syngenta, CH
• Aureobasidium pullulans e.g. BOTECTOR® from bio-ferm GmbH, Germany
• Azospirillum brasilense XOH e.g. AZOS from Xtreme Gardening, USA or RTI Reforestation Technologies International; USA
• Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IT-45 CNCM I-3800, NCBI 1091041
• NCBI 1091041 e.g. RHIZOCELL C from ITHEC, France
• B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 NRRL B-50595, deposited at United States Department of Agriculture
• B. firmus 1-1582 (WO09/126473, WO09/124707, VOTIVO® from Bayer Crop Science LP, USA)
• B. pumilus QST 2808 (NRRL Accession No. B-30087) (e.g. SONATA® and BALLAD® Plus from AgraQuest Inc., USA), B. subtilis GB03 (e.g. KODIAK from Gustafson, Inc., USA), B. subtilis GB07 (EPIC from Gustafson, Inc., USA), B. subtilis QST-713 (NRRL-No.
• Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki SB4 (NRRL B-50753; e.g. BETA PRO® from Becker Underwood, South Africa), Beauveria bassiana GHA (BOTANIGARD® 22WGP from Laverlam Int. Corp., USA), B. bassiana 12256 (e.g. BIOEXPERT® SC from Live Sytems Technology S.A., Colombia), B. bassiana PPRI 5339 (ARSEF number 5339 in the USDA ARS collection of entomopathogenic fungal cultures; NRRL 50757) (e.g. BROADBAND® from Becker
• Bradyrhizobium sp. e.g. VAULT® from Becker Underwood, USA
• B. japonicum e.g. VAULT® from Becker Underwood, USA
• B. pumilus KFP9F NRRL B- 50754; e.g. in FUSION-P from Becker Underwood BioAg SA (Pty) Ltd., a BASF Company
• Candida oleophila I-82 e.g. ASPIRE® from Ecogen Inc., USA
• Candida saitoana e.g.
• BIOCURE® in mixture with lysozyme
• BIOCOAT® from Micro Flo Company, USA (BASF SE) and Arysta
• Chitosan e.g. ARMOUR-ZEN from BotriZen Ltd., NZ
• Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata also named Gliocladium catenulatum (e.g. isolate J 1446: PRESTOP® from Verdera, Finland), Coniothyrium minitans CON/M/91 -08 (e.g. Contans® WG from Prophyta, Germany), Cryphonectria parasitica (e.g. Endothia parasitica from CNICM, France), Cryptococcus albidus (e.g.
• YIELD PLUS® from Anchor Bio-Technologies, South Africa Ecklonia maxima (kelp) extract (e.g. KELPAK SL from Kelp Products Ltd, South Africa), Fusarium oxysporum (e.g. BIOFOX® from S.I.A.P.A., Italy, FUSACLEAN® from Natural Plant Protection, France), Glomus intraradices (e.g. MYC 4000 from ITHEC, France), Glomus intraradices RTI-801 (e.g. MYKOS from Xtreme Gardening, USA or RTI Reforestation Technologies International; USA), grapefruit seeds and pulp extract (e.g. BC-1000 from Chemie S.A., Chile), Heterorhabditis bacteriophaga (e.g.
• NEMASYS® G from Becker Underwood Ltd., UK
• Isaria fumosorosea Apopka-97 (ATCC 20874) (PFR-97TM from Certis LLC, USA)
• Lecanicillium muscarium (formerly Verticillium lecanii)
• Lecanicillium longisporum KV42 and KV71 e.g. VERTALEC® from Koppert BV, Netherlands
• Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum IMI 330189 deposited in European Culture Collections CABI; NRRL 50758) (e.g. GREEN MUSCLE® from Becker Underwood, South Africa), M.
• anisopliae FI-1045 e.g. BIOCANE® from Becker Underwood Pty Ltd, Australia
• M. anisopliae var. acridum FI-985 e.g. GREEN GUARD® SC from Becker Underwood Pty Ltd, Australia
• M. anisopliae F52 e.g. MET52® Novozymes Biologicals BioAg Group, Canada
• M. anisopliae ICIPE 69 e.g. METATHRIPOL from ICIPE, Kenya
• Metschnikowia fructicola e.g. SHEMER® from Agrogreen, Israel
• Microdochium dimerum e.g. ANTIBOT® from Agrauxine, France
• Neem oil e.g. TRILOGY®, TRIACT® 70 EC from Certis LLC, USA
• Paecilomyces fumosoroseus strain FE 9901 e.g. NO FLYTM from Natural Industries, Inc., USA
• P. Iilacinus DSM 15169 e.g. N EM ATA® SC from
• P. Iilacinus BCP2 (NRRL 50756; e.g. PL GOLD from Becker Underwood BioAg SA Ltd, South Africa), mixture of Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6 (NRRL B-50755) and Bacillus pumilus KFP9F (NRRL B-50754) (e.g. in BAC-UP or FUSION-P from Becker Underwood South Africa), Penicillium bilaiae (e.g. JUMP START® from Novozymes Biologicals BioAg Group, Canada), Phlebiopsis gigantea (e.g. ROTSTOP® from Verdera,
• potassium silicate e.g. Sil-MATRIXTM from Certis LLC, USA
• Pseudozyma flocculosa e.g. SPORODEX® from Plant Products Co. Ltd., Canada
• Pythium oligandrum DV74 e.g. POLYVERSUM® from Remeslo SSRO, Biopreparaty, Czech Rep.
• Reynoutria sachlinensis extract e.g. REGALIA® SC from Marrone Biolnnovations, Davis, CA, USA
• Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseolii e.g. RHIZO-STICK from Becker Underwood, USA
• R. I. trifolii e.g.
• viciae SU303 e.g. NODULAID Group E from Becker Underwood, Australia
• R. I. bv. viciae WSM1455 e.g. NODULAID Group F from Becker Underwood, Australia
• Sinorhizobium meliloti MSDJ0848 INRA, France
• strain 201 1 or RCR201 1 e.g. DORMAL ALFALFA from Becker Underwood, USA; NITRAGIN® Gold from Novozymes Biologicals BioAg Group, Canada
• Steinernema carpocapsae e.g.
• Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1 e.g. ECO-HOPE® from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Japan
• T. atroviride LC52 e.g. SENTINEL® from Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ
• T. fertile JM41 R NRRL 50759; e.g. RICHPLUSTM from Becker Underwood Bio Ag SA Ltd, South Africa
• T. harzianum T-22 e.g. PLANTSHIELD® der Firma BioWorks Inc., USA
• T. harzianum TH 35 e.g. ROOT PRO® from Mycontrol Ltd., Israel
• T. harzianum T-39 e.g.
• T. harzianum and T. viride e.g. TRICHOPEL from Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ
• T. harzianum ICC012 and T. viride ICC080 e.g. REMEDIER® WP from Isagro Ricerca, Italy
• T. polysporum and T. harzianum e.g. BINAB® from BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden
• T. virens GL-21 also named Gliocladium virens
• T. viride e.g. TRIECO® from Ecosense Labs. (India) Pvt. Ltd., Indien, BIO-CURE® F from T. Stanes & Co. Ltd., Indien
• T. viride TV1 e.g. T. viride TV1 from Agribiotec srl, Italy
• Ulocladium oudemansii HRU3 e.g. BOTRY-ZEN® from Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ.
• Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP-136 (NRRL B-50614), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-188 (NRRL B- 50615), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (NRRL B-50618), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (NRRL B- 50619), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (NRRL B-50620), B. japonicum SEMIA 5079 (e.g. Gelfix 5 or Adhere 60 from Nitral Urbana Laoboratories, Brazil, a BASF Company), B. japonicum SEMIA 5080 (e.g. GELFIX 5 or ADHERE 60 from Nitral Urbana Laoboratories, Brazil, a BASF
• B. mojavensis AP-209 No. NRRL B-50616
• B. solisalsi AP-217 NRRL B-50617
• B. pumilus strain INR-7 otherwise referred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRL B-50185)
• B. simplex ABU 288 NRRL B-50340
• B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 (NRRL B-50595) have been mentioned i.a. in US patent appl. 20120149571 , WO 2012/079073. Beauveria bassiana DSM 12256 is known from US200020031495.
• Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA is known from US patent 7,262,151. Sphaerodes
• NRRL numbers refer to deposition numbers from strains deposited with the United States Department of Agriculture.
• Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 having the accession number NRRL B- 50595 is deposited with the United States Department of Agriculture on Nov. 10, 201 1 under the strain designation Bacillus subtilis 1430. It has also been deposited at The National Collections of Industrial and Marine Bacteria Ltd. (NCIB), Torry Research Station, P.O. Box 31 , 135 Abbey Road, Aberdeen, AB9 8DG, Scotland under accession number 1237 on December 22, 1986.
• Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI600 is known as plant growth-promoting rice seed treatment from Int. J. Microbiol. Res. ISSN 0975-5276, 3(2) (201 1 ), 120-130 and further described e.g.
• strain MBI600 is commercially available as liquid formulation product Integral® (Becker-Underwood Inc., USA). Recently, the strain MBI 600 has been reclassified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum based on polyphasic testing which combines classical microbiological methods relying on a mixture of traditional tools (such as culture-based methods) and molecular tools (such as genotyping and fatty acids analysis).
• Bacillus subtilis MBI600 (or MBI 600 or MBI-600) is identical to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600, formerly Bacillus subtilis MBI600.
• Metarhizium anisopliae IMI33 is commercially available from Becker Underwood as product Green Guard.
• M. anisopliae var acridium strain IMI 330189 (NRRL-50758) is commercially available from Becker Underwood as product Green Muscle.
• Bacillus subtilis strain FB17 was originally isolated from red beet roots in North America (System Appl. Microbiol 27 (2004) 372-379). This Bacillus subtilis strain promotes plant health (US 2010/0260735 A1 ; WO 201 1/109395 A2). B. subtilis FB17 has also been deposited at American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, VA, USA, under accession number PTA- 1 1857 on April 26, 201 1 . Bacillus subtilis strain FB17 may also be referred to as UD1022 or UD10-22.
• Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP-136 (NRRL B-50614 and B-50330), B. amyloliquefaciens AP- 188 (NRRL B-50615 and B-50331 ), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (NRRL B-50618), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (NRRL B-50619 and B-50332), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (NRRL B-50620 and B-50333), B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 (NRRL B-50595), B. mojavensis AP-209 (No. NRRL B-50616), B.
• pumilus INR-7 (otherwise referred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRL B-50185)), B. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B-50340), B. solisalsi AP-217 (NRRL B-50617) are known from US 8,445,255.
• Jasmonic acid or salts (jasmonates) or derivatives include without limitation potassium jasmonate, sodium jasmonate, lithium jasmonate, ammonium jasmonate, dimethylammonium jasmonate, isopropylammonium jasmonate, diolammonium jasmonate,
• Humates are humic and fulvic acids extracted from a form of lignite coal and clay, known as leonardite.
• Humic acids are organic acids that occur in humus and other organically derived materials such as peat and certain soft coal. They have been shown to increase fertilizer efficiency in phosphate and micro-nutrient uptake by plants as well as aiding in the development of plant root systems.
• the at least one biopesticide II is selected from the groups L1 ) to L6):
• Microbial pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense activator activity Ampelomyces quisqualis M-10, Aspergillus flavus NRRL 21882, Aureobasidium pullulans DSM 14940, A. pullulans DSM 14941 , Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP-136
• NRRL B-50614 B. amyloliquefaciens AP-188 (NRRL B-50615), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (NRRL B-50618), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (NRRL B-50619), B.
• amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (NRRL B-50620), B. amyloliquefaciens IT-45 (CNCM I-3800, NCBI 1091041 ), B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 (NRRL B-50595), B. mojavensis AP-209 (No. NRRL B-50616), B. pumilus INR-7 (otherwise referred to as BU-
• B. pumilus KFP9F B. pumilus QST 2808 (NRRL B-30087), B. pumilus GHA 181 , B. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B-50340), B. solisalsi AP-217 (NRRL B-50617), B. subtilis CX-9060, B. subtilis GB03, B. subtilis GB07, B. subtilis QST-713 (NRRL B-21661 ), B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens FZB23, B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens D747, Candida oleophila I-82, C. oleophila O, C. saitoana,
• Pantoea agglomerans c91 Phlebiopsis gigantea, Pseudozyma flocculosa, Pythium oligandrum DV74, Sphaerodes mycoparasitica IDAC 301008-01 , Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108, S. violaceusniger XL-2, S. violaceusniger YCED-9, Talaromyces flavus V1 17b, Trichoderma asperellum T34, T. asperellum SKT-1 , T. atroviride LC52, T. fertile JM41 R, T. gamsii, T. harmatum TH 382, T.
• Biochemical pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense activator activity chitosan (hydrolysate), laminarin, Menhaden fish oil, natamycin, Plum pox virus coat protein, Reynoutria sachlinensis extract, salicylic acid, tea tree oil;
• nematicidal activity L-carvone, citral, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1 -yl acetate, ethyl formate, (E,Z)-2,4-ethyl decadienoate (pear ester), (Z,Z,E)-7,1 1 ,13-hexadecatrienal, heptyl butyrate, isopropyl myristate, lavanulyl senecioate, 2-methyl 1 -butanol, methyl eugenol, methyl jasmonate, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1 -ol, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1 -ol acetate, (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1 -ol, R-1 -octen-3-ol, pentatermanone, potassium silicate, sorbito
• BR 1 1002 A. Iipoferum BR 1 1646 (Sp31 ), A. irakense, A. halopraeferens, Bradyrhizobium sp. PNL01 , B. sp. (Arachis) CB1015, B. sp. (Arachis) USDA 3446, B. sp. (Arachis) SEMIA 6144, B. sp. (Arachis) SEMIA 6462, B. sp. (Arachis) SEMIA 6464, B. sp. (Vigna), B.
• B. japonicum CPAC 15 B. japonicum E-109, B. japonicum G49, B. japonicum TA- 1 1 , B. japonicum USDA 3, B. japonicum USDA 31 , B. japonicum USDA 76, B. japonicum USDA 1 10, B. japonicum USDA 121 , B. japonicum USDA 123, B. japonicum USDA 136, B. japonicum SEMIA 566, B. japonicum SEMIA 5079, B. japonicum SEMIA 5080, B.
• Biochemical pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator and/or plant yield enhancing activity abscisic acid, aluminium silicate (kaolin), 3-decen-2-one,
• homobrassinlide humates, methyl jasmonate, cis-jasmone, lysophosphatidyl ethanlamine, polymeric polyhydroxy acid, salicylic acid, Ascophyllum nodosum (Norwegian kelp, Brown kelp) extract and Ecklonia maxima (kelp) extract.
• the mixtures comprise as component 4) fungicidal compounds that are independently of each other selected from the groups A), B), C), D), E), F), G), H), I), J), K) and L).
• mixtures comprise as compound IV (component 4) a herbicidal compound that is selected from the group N), in particular glyphosate.
• mixtures comprise as compound IV (component 4) an insecticidal compound that is selected from the group O).
• mixtures comprise ascompound IV (component 4) at least one active substance selected from group A) and particularly selected from dimoxystrobin, kresoxim- methyl, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin; famoxadone, fenamidone; benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, fluopyram, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane; ametoctradin, cyazofamid, fentin salts, such as fentin acetate.
• mixtures comprise as compound IV (component 4) at least one active substance selected from group B) and particularly selected from cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, metconazole,
• myclobutanil penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz, fenarimol, triforine; dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, spiroxamine; fenhexamid.
• mixtures comprise as compound IV (component 4) at least one active substance selected from group C) and particularly selected from metalaxyl, (metalaxyl-M) mefenoxam, ofurace.
• mixtures comprise as compound IV (component 4) at least one active substance selected from group D) and particularly selected from benomyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, ethaboxam, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriofenone.
• mixtures comprise as compound IV (component 4) at least one active substance selected from group E) and particularly selected from cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil.
• mixtures comprise as compound IV (component 4) at least one active substance selected from group F) and particularly selected from iprodione, fludioxonil, vinclozolin, quinoxyfen.
• mixtures comprise as compound IV (component 4) at least one active substance selected from group G) and particularly selected from dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb, benthiavalicarb, mandipropamid, propamocarb.
• mixtures comprise as component 4) at least one active substance selected from group H) and particularly selected from copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, sulfur, mancozeb, metiram, propineb, thiram, captafol, folpet, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, dithianon.
• mixtures comprise as compound IV (component 4) at least one active substance selected from group I) and particularly selected from carpropamid and fenoxanil.
• mixtures comprise as compound IV (component 4) at least one active substance selected from group J) and particularly selected from acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, tiadinil, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminium, H3PO3 and salts thereof.
• mixtures comprise as compound IV (component 4) at least one active substance selected from group K) and particularly selected from cymoxanil, proquinazid and A/-methyl-2- ⁇ 1 -[(5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl)-acetyl]-piperidin-4-yl ⁇ -A/-[(1 R)- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1 -yl]-4-thiazolecarboxamide.
• the present invention furthermore relates to agrochemical compositions comprising a mixture comprising as component 4) at least one biopesticide selected from the group L), in particular at least one further fungicidal biopesticide selected from the groups L1 ) and L2), as described above, and if desired at least one suitable auxiliary.
• mixtures comprise as biopesticide IV (component 4) a
• biopesticide from group L1 preferably selected from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP-136 (NRRL B-50614 and B-50330), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-188 (NRRL B-50615 and B-50331 ), B.
• amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (NRRL B-50618), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (NRRL B-50619 and B-50332), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (NRRL B-50620 and B-50333), B. amyloliquefaciens IT- 45 (CNCM I-3800, NCBI 1091041 ), B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 (NRRL B- 50595), B. mojavensis AP-209 (No. NRRL B-50616), B.
• pumilus INR-7 (otherwise referred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRL B-50185)), B. pumilus KFP9F, B. pumilus QST 2808 (NRRL B-30087), B. pumilus GHA 181 , B. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B-50340), B. solisalsi AP-217 (NRRL B-50617), B. subtilis CX-9060, B. subtilis GB03, B. subtilis GB07, B. subtilis QST-713 (NRRL B-21661 ), B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens FZB23, B. subtilis var.
• amyloliquefaciens AP-188 (NRRL B-50615), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (NRRL B-50618), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (NRRL B-50619), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (NRRL B-50620), B. amyloliquefaciens IT-45 (CNCM I-3800, NCBI 1091041 ), B. mojavensis AP-209 (No. NRRL B- 50616), B. pumilus INR-7 (otherwise referred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRL B-50185)), B.
• pumilus QST 2808 (NRRL B-30087), B. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B- 50340), B. subtilis QST-713 (NRRL B-21661 ), B. subtilis MBI600 (NRRL B-50595),
• Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6 Sphaerodes mycoparasitica IDAC 301008-01 and Trichoderma fertile J M41 R.
• biopesticide IV component 4
• a biopesticide from group L2 preferably selected from chitosan (hydrolysate), methyl-jasmonate, cis-jasmone, laminarin, Reynoutria sachlinensis extract and tea tree oil.
• biopesticide II component 3 a biopesticide from group L3), preferably selected from Agrobacterium radiobacter K1026, Bacillus firmus I- 1582, Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki SB4, Beauveria bassiana GHA, B. bassiana H 123, B. bassiana DSM 12256, B. bassiana PPRI 5339, Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum IMI 330189, M. anisopliae FI-985, M. anisopliae FI-1045, M. anisopliae F52, M.
• mixtures comprise as biopesticide II (component 2) a biopesticide from group L4), preferably selected from methyl jasmonate, Acacia negra extract, extract of grapefruit seeds and pulp, Catnip oil, Neem oil, Quillay extract and Tagetes oil.
• mixtures comprise as biopesticide IV (component 4) a
• biopesticide from group L5) preferably selected from Azospirillum amazonense BR 1 1 140 (SpY2T), A. brasilense XOH, A. brasilense BR 1 1005 (Sp245), A. brasilense BR 1 1002, A. lipoferum BR 1 1646 (Sp31 ), A. irakense, A. halopraeferens, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP-136 (NRRL B-50614), Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna), B. japonicum USDA 3, B. japonicum USDA 31 , B. japonicum USDA 76, B. japonicum USDA 1 10, B. japonicum USDA 121 , Glomus intraradices RTI-801 , Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6, Penicillium bilaiae, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv.
• phaseolii R. I. trifolii, R. I. bv. viciae, and Sinorhizobium meliloti, more preferably selected from Azospirillum brasilense BR 1 1005 (Sp245), Bradyrhizobium sp. (Vigna), B. japonicum USDA 3, B. japonicum USDA 31 , B. japonicum USDA 76, B. japonicum USDA 1 10, B. japonicum USDA 121 , Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseolii, R. I. trifolii, R. I. bv. viciae SU303, R. I. bv. viciae WSM1455, and Sinorhizobium meliloti.
• mixtures comprise as biopesticide IV (component 4) a
• biopesticide from group L6 preferably selected from abscisic acid, aluminium silicate (kaolin), humates, Ascophyllum nodosum (Norwegian kelp, Brown kelp) extract and Ecklonia maxima (kelp) extract.
• inventive mixtures comprising as biopesticide IV a microbial pesticide from groups L1 ), L3) and L5) may be formulated as an inoculant for a plant.
• inoculant means a preparation that includes an isolated culture of a microbial pesticide and optionally a carrier, which may include a biologically acceptable medium.
• mixtures and compositions according to the invention are suitable as fungicides. They are distinguished by an outstanding effectiveness against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi, including soil-borne fungi, which derive especially from the classes of the
• Some are systemically effective and they can be used in crop protection as foliar fungicides, fungicides for seed dressing and soil fungicides. Moreover, they are suitable for controlling harmful fungi, which inter alia occur in wood or roots of plants.
• the mixtures and compositions according to the invention are particularly important in the control of a multitude of phytopathogenic fungi on various cultivated plants, such as cereals, e. g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beet, e. g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e. g.
• cereals e. g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice
• beet e. g. sugar beet or fodder beet
• fruits such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e. g.
• inventive mixtures and compositions are used for controlling a multitude of fungi on field crops, such as potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rape, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes. Even more preferably the inventive mixtures and compositions are used for controlling a multitude of fungi on soybean.
• field crops such as potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rape, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes.
• inventive mixtures and compositions are used for controlling a multitude of fungi on soybean.
• plant propagation material is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (e. g.
• potatoes which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil.
• These young plants may also be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion or pouring.
• treatment of plant propagation materials with the inventive combination of compound I, compound II and fluazinam as defined herein and compositions thereof, respectively, is used for controlling a multitude of fungi on cereals, such as wheat, rye, barley and oats; rice, corn, cotton and soybeans.
• cultiva plants is to be understood as including plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering including but not limiting to agricultural biotech products on the market or in development (cf. http://cera-gmc.org/, see GM crop database therein).
• Genetically modified plants are plants, which genetic material has been so modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutations or natural recombination.
• one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant.
• Such genetic modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-transtional modification of protein(s), oligo- or polypeptides e. g. by glycosylation or polymer additions such as prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties.
• inventive mixtures and compositions are particularly suitable for controlling the following plant diseases:
• Albugo spp. white rust
• vegetables e. g. A. Candida
• sunflowers e. g. A. tragopogonis
• Altemaria spp. Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables, rape (A. brassicola or brassicae), sugar beets (A. tenuis), fruits, rice, soybeans, potatoes (e. g. A. solani or A.
• alternata tomatoes (e. g. A. solani or A. alternata) and wheat; Aphanomyces spp. on sugar beets and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cereals and vegetables, e. g. A. tritici (anthracnose) on wheat and A. hordei on barley; Bipolaris and Drechslera spp. (teleomorph: Cochliobolus spp.) on corn (e. g. D. maydis), cereals (e. g. B. sorokiniana: spot blotch), rice (e. g. B.
• Ceratocystis (syn. Ophiostoma) spp. (rot or wilt) on broad-leaved trees and evergreens, e. g. C. ulmi (Dutch elm disease) on elms; Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spots) on corn, rice, sugar beets (e. g. C. beticola), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e. g. C. sojina or C. kikuchii) and rice; Cladosporium spp. on tomatoes (e. g. C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, e. g. C. herbarum (black ear) on wheat; Claviceps purpurea (ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus
• anamorph Helminthosporium of Bipolaris
• spp. leaf spots
• corn C. carbonum
• cereals e. g. C. sativus, anamorph: B. sorokiniana
• rice e. g. C. miyabeanus, anamorph: H.
• teleomorph Nectria or Neonectria spp.
• fruit trees canker or young vine decline
• teleomorph Nectria or Neonectria spp.
• fruit trees canker or young vine decline
• teleomorph Nectria or Neonectria spp.
• vines e. g. C. liriodendri, teleomorph: Neonectria liriodendri: Black Foot Disease
• Dematophora teleomorph: Rosellinia necatrix (root and stem rot) on soybeans
• Diaporthe spp. e. g. D. phaseolorum (damping off) on soybeans
• Drechslera sertraolorum
• Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (earlier Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum)
• fujikuroi Bakanae disease
• G. gossypii Gossypii on cotton
• Grainstaining complex on rice Guignardia bidwellii (black rot) on vines
• Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) on corn, cereals and rice; Hemileia spp., e. g. H.
• Monilinia spp. e. g. M. laxa, M. fructicola and M. fructigena (bloom and twig blight, brown rot) on stone fruits and other rosaceous plants; Mycosphaerella spp. on cereals, bananas, soft fruits and ground nuts, such as e. g. M. graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici, Septoria blotch) on wheat or M. fijiensis (black Sigatoka disease) on bananas; Peronospora spp. (downy mildew) on cabbage (e. g. P. brassicae), rape (e. g. P. parasitica), onions (e. g. P.
• soybeans e. g. P. gregata: stem rot
• Phoma lingam root and stem rot
• P. betae root rot, leaf spot and damping-off
• sugar beets e. g. P. viticola: can and leaf spot
• soybeans e. g. stem rot: P.
• phaseoli, teleomorph Diaporthe phaseolorum
• Physoderma maydis brown spots
• Phytophthora spp. wilt, root, leaf, fruit and stem root
• various plants such as paprika and cucurbits (e. g. P. capsici), soybeans (e. g. P. megasperma, syn. P. sojae), potatoes and tomatoes (e. g. P. infestans: late blight) and broad-leaved trees (e. g. P. ramorum: sudden oak death); Plasmodiophora brassicae (club root) on cabbage, rape, radish and other plants;
• Plasmopara spp. e. g. P. viticola (grapevine downy mildew) on vines and P. halstedii on sunflowers; Podosphaera spp. (powdery mildew) on rosaceous plants, hop, pome and soft fruits, e. g. P. leucotricha on apples; Polymyxa spp., e. g. on cereals, such as barley and wheat (P. graminis) and sugar beets (P. betae) and thereby transmitted viral diseases;
• Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides eyespot, teleomorph: Tapesia yallundae
• cereals e. g. wheat or barley
• Pseudoperonospora downy mildew
• Pseudopezicula tracheiphila red fire disease or .rotbrenner', anamorph: Phialophora
• Puccinia spp. rusts
• striiformis stripe or yellow rust
• P. hordei dwarf rust
• P. graminis seed or black rust
• P. recondita brown or leaf rust
• cereals such as e. g. wheat, barley or rye, and asparagus (e. g. P. asparagi); Pyrenophora (anamorph: Drechslera) tritici-repentis (tan spot) on wheat or P. feres (net blotch) on barley; Pyricularia spp., e. g. P. oryzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe grisea, rice blast) on rice and P. grisea on turf and cereals; Pythium spp.
• solani (sheath blight) on rice or R. cerealis (Rhizoctonia spring blight) on wheat or barley; Rhizopus stolonifer (black mold, soft rot) on strawberries, carrots, cabbage, vines and tomatoes;
• Rhynchosporium secalis (scald) on barley, rye and triticale; Sarocladium oryzae and S.
• Attenuatum (sheath rot) on rice; Sclerotinia spp. (stem rot or white mold) on vegetables and field crops, such as rape, sunflowers (e. g. S. sclerotiorum) and soybeans (e. g. S. rolfsii or S.
• Septoria spp. on various plants, e. g. S. glycines (brown spot) on soybeans, S. tritici (Septoria blotch) on wheat and S. (syn. Stagonospora) nodorum (Stagonospora blotch) on cereals; Uncinula (syn. Erysiphe) necator (powdery mildew, anamorph: Oidium tuckeri) on vines; Setospaeria spp. (leaf blight) on corn (e. g. S. turcicum, syn.
• Sphacelotheca spp. (smut) on corn, (e. g. S. reiliana: head smut), sorghum und sugar cane; Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew) on cucurbits; Spongospora subterranea (powdery scab) on potatoes and thereby transmitted viral diseases; Stagonospora spp. on cereals, e. g. S. nodorum (Stagonospora blotch, teleomorph: Leptosphaeria [syn.
• Taphrina spp. e. g. T. deformans (leaf curl disease) on peaches and T. pruni (plum pocket) on plums
• Thielaviopsis spp. black root rot
• controversa dwarf bunt
• Typhula incarnata grey snow mold
• Urocystis spp. e. g. U. occulta (stem smut) on rye
• Uromyces spp. rust on vegetables, such as beans (e. g. U. appendiculatus, syn. U. phaseoli) and sugar beets (e. g. U. betae)
• Ustilago spp. loose smut) on cereals (e. g. U. nuda and U. avaenae), corn (e. g. U. maydis: corn smut) and sugar cane; Venturia spp.
• the inventive mixtures and compositions are used for controlling Sclerotinia spp. (stem rot or white mold) on apples (e. g. V. inaequalis) and pears; and Verticillium spp. (wilt) on various plants, such as fruits and ornamentals, vines, soft fruits, vegetables and field crops, e. g. V. dahliae on strawberries, rape, potatoes and tomatoes.
• the inventive mixtures and compositions are used for controlling Sclerotinia spp. (stem rot or white mold) on
• vegetables and field crops such as rape, sunflowers (e. g. S. sclerotiorum) and soybeans (e. g. S. rolfsii or S. sclerotiorum). More preferably, the inventive mixtures and compositions are used for controlling Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (white mold) on vegetables and field crops, such as rape, sunflowers and soybeans; in particular on soybeans.
• Plant propagation materials may be treated with the mixtures and compositions of the invention prophylactically either at or before planting or transplanting.
• the invention also relates to agrochemical compositions comprising an auxiliary and at least one inhibitor of complex II, pyraclostrobin and fluazinam according to the invention.
• An agrochemical composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount of an inhibitor of complex II, pyraclostrobin and fluazinam.
• effective amount denotes an amount of the composition or of the mixtures according to the invention, which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi on cultivated plants or in the protection of materials and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant or material, the climatic conditions and the specific mixture used.
• the components 1 ), 2) and 3) can be converted into customary types of agrochemical compositions, e. g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof.
• agrochemical compositions e.g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof.
• composition types are suspensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g. EC), emulsions (e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e.g.
• compositions types are defined in the "Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system", Technical Monograph No. 2, 6 th Ed. May 2008, CropLife International.
• compositions are prepared in a known manner, such as described by Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001 ; or Knowles, New
• Suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, tackifiers and binders.
• Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents, such as mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, e.g. kerosene, diesel oil; oils of vegetable or animal origin; aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e. g. toluene, paraffin,
• tetrahydronaphthalene alkylated naphthalenes
• alcohols e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclohexanol
• glycols DMSO
• ketones e.g. cyclohexanone
• esters e.g. lactates, carbonates, fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone
• fatty acids phosphonates
• amines amides, e.g. N-methylpyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethylamides; and mixtures thereof.
• Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch; fertilizers, e.g. ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas; products of vegetable origin, e.g. cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal, nutshell meal, and mixtures thereof.
• mineral earths e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide
• polysaccharides e.g. cellulose, starch
• fertilizers
• Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants can be used as emusifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetter, penetration enhancer, protective colloid, or adjuvant. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Vol.1 : Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Ed. or North American Ed.).
• Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof.
• sulfonates are alkylarylsulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignine sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated
• tridecylbenzenes sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates.
• sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters.
• phosphates are phosphate esters.
• carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates.
• Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-subsituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
• alkoxylates are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents.
• Ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide may be employed for the alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide.
• N-subsititued fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid
• esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides.
• sugar-based surfactants are sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose and glucose esters or alkylpolyglucosides.
• polymeric surfactants are home- or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinylalcohols, or vinylacetate.
• Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines.
• Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetains and imidazolines.
• Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.
• Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases.
• polyacids are alkali salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers.
• polybases are polyvinylamines or polyethyleneamines.
• Suitable adjuvants are compounds, which have a neglectable or even no pesticidal activity themselves, and which improve the biological performance of the mixture on the target.
• Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose), anorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.
• Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkyliso- thiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones.
• Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.
• Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long chain alcohols, and salts of fatty acids.
• Suitable colorants are pigments of low water solubility and water- soluble dyes.
• examples are inorganic colorants (e.g. iron oxide, titan oxide, iron
• organic colorants e.g. alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine colorants.
• Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, and cellulose ethers.
• the agrochemical compositions generally comprise between 0.01 and 95%, preferably between 0.1 and 90%, and in particular between 0.5 and 75%, by weight of active substances.
• the active substances are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably from 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum).
• Solutions for seed treatmenr (LS), Suspoemulsions (SE), flowable concentrates (FS), powders for dry treatment (DS), water-dispersible powders for slurry treatment (WS), water- soluble powders (SS), emulsions (ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF) are usually employed for the purposes of treatment of plant propagation materials, particularly seeds.
• the compositions in question give, after two-to-tenfold dilution, active substance concentrations of from 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40%, in the ready-to-use preparations.
• Methods for applying or treating the fungicidal mixtures and compositions thereof, respectively, on to plant propagation material, especially seeds include dressing, coating, pelleting, dusting, soaking and in-furrow application methods of the propagation material.
• the fungicidal mixtures or the compositions thereof, respectively are applied on to the plant propagation material by a method such that germination is not induced, e. g. by seed dressing, pelleting, coating and dusting.
• the amounts of active substances are, depending on the kind of effect desired, usually from 0.001 to 2 kg per ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg per ha, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.9 kg per ha, even more preferably from 0.1 to 0.8 kg per ha, and in particular from 0.25 to 0.75 kg per ha.
• amounts of active substance of from 0.1 to 1000 g, preferably from 1 to 1000 g, more preferably from 1 to 100 g and most preferably from 5 to 100 g, per 100 kilogram of plant propagation material (preferably seed) are generally required.
• the amount of active substance applied depends on the kind of application area and on the desired effect. Amounts customarily applied in the protection of materials are 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably 0.005 g to 1 kg, of active substance per cubic meter of treated material.
• oils, wetters, adjuvants, fertilizer, or micronutrients may be added to the active substances or the compositions comprising them as premix or, if
• compositions according to the invention can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1 :100 to 100:1 , preferably 1 :10 to 10:1 .
• Biopesticides are typically created by growing and concentrating naturally occurring organisms and/or their metabolites including bacteria and other microbes, fungi, viruses, nematodes, proteins, etc. They are often considered to be important components of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes.
• IPM integrated pest management
• Biopesticides fall into two major classes, microbial and biochemical pesticides:
• Microbial pesticides consist of bacteria, fungi or viruses (and often include the
• Entomopathogenic nematodes are also classed as microbial pesticides, even though they are multi-cellular.
• Biochemical pesticides are naturally occurring substances that control pests or provide other crop protection uses as defined below, but are relatively non-toxic to mammals.
• composition according to the invention such as parts of a kit or parts of a binary or ternary mixture may be mixed by the user himself in a spray tank or any other kind of vessel used for applications (e.g seed treater drums, seed pelleting machinery, knapsack sprayer) and further auxiliaries may be added, if appropriate.
• a spray tank or any other kind of vessel used for applications (e.g seed treater drums, seed pelleting machinery, knapsack sprayer) and further auxiliaries may be added, if appropriate.
• one embodiment of the invention is a kit for preparing a usable pesticidal composition, the kit compring a) a composition comprising component 1 ) as defined herein and at least one auxiliary; and b) a composition comprising component 2) as defined herein and at least one auxiliary; c) a composition comprising component 3) as defined herein and at least one auxiliary; and optionally d) a composition comprising a component 4) as defined herein and at least one auxiliary.
• the user applies the composition according to the invention usually from a predosage device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane, or an irrigation system.
• the agrochemical composition is made up with water, buffer, and/or further auxiliaries to the desired application concentration and the ready-to-use spray liquor or the agrochemical composition according to the invention is thus obtained.
• 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of the ready-to-use spray liquor are applied per hectare of agricultural useful area.
• the mixtures comprising at least one compound I and at least one biochemical pesticide selected from groups L2), L4) and L6) as defined herein can be prepared as compositions comprising besides the active ingredients at least one inert ingredient (auxiliary) by usual means, e. g. by the means given for the compositions of compounds I. Concerning usual ingredients of such compositions reference is made to the explanations given for the
• compositions containing compounds I are provided.
• the microbial pesticides selected from groups L1 ), L3) and L5) embrace not only the isolated, pure cultures of the respective micro-organism as defined herein, but also its cell-free extract, its suspensions in a whole broth culture or as a metabolite- containing supernatant or a purified metabolite obtained from a whole broth culture of the microorganism or microorganism strain.
• the microbial pesticides selected from groups L1 ), L3 and L5) embraces not only the isolated, pure cultures of the respective micro-organism as defined herein, but also a cell-free extract thereof or at least one metabolite thereof, and/or a mutant of the respective micro-organism having all the identifying characteristics thereof and also a cell-free extract or at least one metabolite of the mutant.
• Whole broth culture refers to a liquid culture containing both cells and media.
• Supernatant refers to the liquid broth remaining when cells grown in broth are removed by centrifugation, filtration, sedimentation, or other means well known in the art.
• cell-free extract refers to an extract of the vegetative cells, spores and/or the whole culture broth of a microorganism comprising cellular metabolites produced by the respective microorganism obtainable by cell disruption methods known in the art such as solvent-based (e.g. organic solvents such as alcohols sometimesin combination with suitable salts), temperature-based, application of shear forces, cell disrupotion with an ultrasonicator.
• solvent-based e.g. organic solvents such as alcohols sometimesin combination with suitable salts
• temperature-based e.g. temperature-based
• shear forces e.g. cell disrupotion with an ultrasonicator.
• the desired extract may be concentrated by conventional concentration techniques such as drying, evaporation, centrifugation or alike. Certain washing steps using organic solents and/or water-based media may also be applied to the crude extract preferably prior to use.
• metabolite refers to any compound, substance or byproduct produced by a microorganism (such as fungi and bacteria) that has improves plant growth, water use efficiency of the plant, plant health, plant appearance, or the population of beneficial microorganisms in the soil around the plant activity.
• a microorganism such as fungi and bacteria
• mutant refers a microorganism obtained by direct mutant selection but also includes microorganisms that have been further mutagenized or otherwise manipulated (e.g., via the introduction of a plasmid). Accordingly, embodiments include mutants, variants, and or derivatives of the respective microorganism, both naturally occurring and artificially induced mutants. For example, mutants may be induced by subjecting the microorganism to known mutagens, such as N-methyl-nitrosoguanidine, using conventional methods.
• compositions comprising cell-free extracts and/or metabolites of microbial pesticides selected from groups L1 ), L3) and L5) as defined herein can be prepared as compositions comprising besides the active ingredients at least one inert ingredient by usual means, e. g. by the means given for the compositions of compounds I. Concerning usual ingredients of such compositions reference is made to the explanations given for the compositions containing compounds I.
• the mixtures comprising at least one compound I and cells, spores and/or whole broth culture of at least one microbial pesticide selected from groups L1 ), L3) and L5) as defined herein can be prepared as compositions comprising besides the active ingredients at least one inert ingredient (auxiliary) by usual means (see e.g. H.D. Burges: Formulation of Micobial
• compositions of compounds I e.g. by the means given for the compositions of compounds I.
• suitable customary types of such compositions are suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof.
• composition types are suspensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e.g. BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g. WG, SG, GR,
• FG, GG, MG insecticidal articles
• LN insecticidal articles
• gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds (e.g. GF).
• the compound ratios e. g. compound l/compound ll/fluazinam ratio
• the compound ratios are advantageously chosen so as to produce a synergistic effect.
• the components can be used individually or already partially or completely mixed with one another to prepare the composition according to the invention. It is also possible for them to be packaged and used as combination such as a kit of parts.
• compositions according to the invention can be shown by the tests described below.
• the active compounds are prepared as a stock solution comprising 25 mg of active compound which is made up to 10 ml using a mixture of acetone and/or DMSO and the emulsifier Uniperol ® EL (wetting agent having an emulsifying and dispersing action based on ethoxylated alkylphenols) in a ratio by volume of solvent/emulsifier of 99:1 .
• the mixture is then made up to 100 ml with water. This stock solution is diluted with the
• the visually determined percentages of infected leaf areas are converted into efficacies in % of the untreated control.
• the efficacy (E) is calculated as follows using Abbot's formula:
• a corresponds to the fungicidal infection of the treated plants in %
• ⁇ corresponds to the fungicidal infection of the untreated (control) plants in %
• An efficacy of 0 means that the infection level of the treated plants corresponds to that of the untreated control plants; an efficacy of 100 means that the treated plants were not infected.
• Colby's formula can also be extended to be directly applied to 3-way mixtures (Colby, S.R. "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations", Weeds, 1J5, pp. 20-22, 1967):
• the active compounds were formulated separately as a stock solution having a
• the product orysastrobin was used as commercial finished formulation and diluted with water to the stated concentration of the active compound.
• the stock solutions were mixed according to the ratio, pipetted onto a micro titer plate (MTP) and diluted with water to the stated concentrations.
• MTP micro titer plate
• a spore suspension of the respective pathogen in the respective nutrient medium was then added.
• the plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at a temperature of 18°C. Using an absorption photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm 7 days after the inoculation.
• the measured parameters were compared to the growth of the active compound-free control variant (100%) and the fungus-free and active compound-free blank value to determine the relative growth in % of the pathogens in the respective active compounds. These percentages were converted into efficacies. Colby's formula for 3-way and 2-way mixtures were applied as described in Weeds, 15, pp. 20-22, 1967.
• Boscalid 1 16 1 40 39 Pyraclostrobin 0.063
• Boscalid 1 63 1 15 13 Pyraclostrobin 0.016
• Boscalid 4 16 1 75 72 Pyraclostrobin 0.25
• Boscalid 4 63 1 8 4 Fluazinam 0.063
• Boscalid 4 63 1 58 39 Pyraclostrobin 0.063
• Boscalid 4 63 1 8 4 Fluazinam 0.063 Calculated
• Boscalid 1 4 1 75 72

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