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WO2014021121A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour traiter des déchets de cuisine - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour traiter des déchets de cuisine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014021121A1
WO2014021121A1 PCT/JP2013/069634 JP2013069634W WO2014021121A1 WO 2014021121 A1 WO2014021121 A1 WO 2014021121A1 JP 2013069634 W JP2013069634 W JP 2013069634W WO 2014021121 A1 WO2014021121 A1 WO 2014021121A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
garbage
drum
catalyst
carbide
steam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2013/069634
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
健心 豊島
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SANKYO EREC CO LTD
Original Assignee
SANKYO EREC CO LTD
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SANKYO EREC CO LTD filed Critical SANKYO EREC CO LTD
Publication of WO2014021121A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014021121A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F29/00—Mixers with rotating receptacles
    • B01F29/60—Mixers with rotating receptacles rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis, e.g. drum mixers
    • B01F29/63—Mixers with rotating receptacles rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis, e.g. drum mixers with fixed bars, i.e. stationary, or fixed on the receptacle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/18—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/20—Carbon compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/20—Sulfiding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/921—Devices in which the material is conveyed essentially horizontally between inlet and discharge means
    • C05F17/929—Cylinders or drums
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention decomposes and carbonizes organic matter such as food residues in ordinary houses, schools, employee cafeterias, welfare facilities, relatively small restaurants, commercial facilities such as supermarkets, or small boats such as fishing boats.
  • the present invention relates to a garbage processing method and a processing apparatus using a catalyst used in the above.
  • a method for treating organic matter such as food residues generally, a fermentation decomposition method using microorganisms, a thermal decomposition method for the purpose of weight loss and volume reduction by heating organic matter, and a state of low oxygen concentration in garbage
  • a carbonization treatment method in which heat is applied to form a carbide by pyrolysis.
  • the fermentative decomposition method oxidizes and decomposes organic matter such as garbage by microorganisms (bio), particularly aerobic microorganisms, and finally decomposes them into carbon dioxide and water. It is intended to reduce food waste, eliminate filth, and eliminate odors.
  • bio-type garbage disposal apparatus it is necessary to create an environment suitable for aerobic microorganisms, and it is important to supply oxygen by stirring and air feeding.
  • Most bio-type garbage processors have a stirring function. As a result, the garbage is agitated to facilitate oxygen supply.
  • a deodorizing apparatus is indispensable because it has a unique fermentation odor.
  • deodorizing methods a method of mixing chips such as activated carbon and zeolite together with garbage, and a method of deodorizing with a platinum catalyst at the exhaust port.
  • chips such as activated carbon and zeolite together with garbage
  • a method of deodorizing with a platinum catalyst at the exhaust port since it is not completely deodorized, there are many types that are installed outdoors.
  • most of the garbage is moisture, there are occasions when excessive amounts of garbage will result in excessive moisture.
  • chips such as wood chips to increase the buffering capacity against moisture.
  • the thermal decomposition method is a method of reducing and reducing the volume by adding heat to the garbage and evaporating the water, and a treatment tank (also called a drying tank). Garbage is thrown into and dried by applying heat with a heating device.
  • the heating method there are a method of heating from the outside of the treatment tank with a heater, a method of blowing hot air directly on the processed material, a combination method of these, a vacuum (decompression) drying method, and the like.
  • the device configuration of the equipment is similar to that of a bio-type. ing. However, since the purpose is drying, the set temperature is generally higher than the bio-type, Most of them are between 400 °C and 500 °C. In addition, the standard processing time tends to be shorter than that of the bio type.
  • Patent Document 3 the carbonization treatment method in which heat is applied to raw garbage in a low oxygen concentration state to form carbide by pyrolysis, as shown in Patent Document 3, the raw garbage is thrown into a treatment tank (also referred to as a carbonization tank). Steaming is performed by applying heat with a heating device in a low oxygen state.
  • the heating method includes a method of heating from the outside of the treatment tank and a method of spraying combustion gas directly on the processed material, but the set temperature is generally higher than that of the drying method.
  • an apparatus for combusting pyrolysis gas generated together with carbides and an exhaust gas treatment apparatus are required.
  • JP 2007-029842 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-11638 JP 2004-321925 A
  • the heating temperature must be 800 ° C or higher (generally 600 ° C to 700 ° C), and the equipment must be able to withstand high temperatures.
  • the configuration of the system is enlarged and strict temperature control is required.
  • a stirrer and a deodorizing device are required for uniform heating, and a large number of devices are required for the entire processing system, as in the case of the fermentation decomposition treatment method of Patent Document 1, resulting in increased complexity and cost. was there.
  • the garbage is incinerated at a high temperature, so that there is a big problem that harmful components such as carbon dioxide and dioxin are generated.
  • the present invention has been improved and removed in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the purpose is to generate a carbide by chemically decomposing organic matter such as garbage using a catalyst, good carbonization efficiency,
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a carbonization means that is small and does not contain components such as odor, black smoke, and dioxin in the exhaust gas.
  • the means of claim 1 adopted by the present invention in order to solve the above problems is to maintain the temperature in the drum at 95 ° C. to 120 ° C. by heating with a heater disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical drum, Using multiple agitating blades standing in the drum, the garbage thrown into the drum is agitated while being in contact with the catalyst, and the organic intermolecular bonds of organic matter in the garbage are broken by the electron withdrawing action of the catalyst.
  • the organic matter in the garbage is decomposed into carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and other elements, and the hydrogen reacts with oxygen in the drum and is discharged as steam along with nitrogen from the vapor vent hole.
  • Te wherein the catalyst is put carbides or piece of wood in concentrated sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid, a method of processing food waste, characterized in that is obtained by sulfonation treatment at a temperature of 160 ⁇ 200 ° C..
  • a predetermined amount of garbage is sequentially added every predetermined time, and the drum is rotated until the product obtained by carbonizing the organic matter of the garbage reaches a size of 5 mm or less.
  • the means of claim 3 adopted by the present invention utilizes the property that the exothermic temperature of the catalyst is raised immediately before the organic matter in the garbage is completely carbonized, and by detecting the temperature rise with a temperature sensor.
  • the garbage disposal method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the garbage disposal process is completed.
  • a cylindrical rotary drum a heater for heating provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum, and an openable / closable inlet cover provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum.
  • a carbide discharge hole having a diameter of 5 mm or less provided on a slide plate slidably attached to the input port lid, a lid for opening and closing the discharge hole, and a plurality of agitators of different height provided in the drum Composed of blades and steam vents on the side of the drum, the garbage thrown into the drum is agitated while in contact with the catalyst, and the intermolecular covalent bonds of organic matter in the garbage are broken by the electron withdrawing action of the catalyst.
  • the garbage processing apparatus is characterized in that the organic matter in the garbage is decomposed into carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and other elements.
  • the means of claim 5 employed by the present invention includes a cylindrical rotating drum, a heater for heating disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum, an opening provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum, and the opening. Having a carbide discharge hole with a diameter of 5 mm or less provided in the slide plate for opening and closing, and a plurality of stirring blades having different heights provided in the drum, and pivotally supporting one end side of the rotary drum, The end side is rotatably supported by two or more rollers, and a circular outflow inlet that combines the exhaust of steam and the introduction of garbage is provided in the center of the other end, and a housing is connected to the outflow inlet
  • the upper surface of the housing is an opening surface, and a steam exhaust port is provided on the side surface of the housing.
  • the garbage put into the drum is agitated while being in contact with the catalyst.
  • the organic matter in garbage can be converted into carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
  • a processing apparatus of garbage which is characterized in that of the so as to decompose in addition to each element.
  • a housing provided outside the rotating drum to provide a rotating drum chamber, and dust for feeding air in the rotating drum chamber to an exhaust pipe connected to the steam exhaust port. 6.
  • a dust separation device having a vertical rotary brush and a tank portion disposed below the exhaust pipe downstream of the exhaust pipe connected to the steam exhaust port. Steam and exhaust from the pipe collide with the rotating brush and agitate, so that a part of the steam is made into droplets and stored in the tank part below, and dust blown off by the rotating brush is stored in the tank part.
  • the garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the garbage disposal apparatus is configured as described above.
  • the exhaust pipe communicating the exhaust port of the housing and the dust separation device has a downward slope toward the exhaust port side, and the overflow water in the tank portion of the dust separation device is used.
  • the means of claim 9 employed by the present invention is the garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, wherein a vaporizing heater section is provided on the downstream side of the dust separation apparatus for heating and vaporizing the vapor.
  • the means of claim 10 employed by the present invention is the garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 9, wherein a deodorizing device and an exhaust fan are provided on the downstream side of the vaporizing heater section.
  • the organic matter in the garbage is converted into carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen by cleaving the intermolecular covalent bond of the organic matter in the garbage by the electron withdrawing action of the catalyst.
  • This is a carbonization treatment method by chemical decomposition of raw garbage by decomposing into other elements and finally taking out only the carbide and effectively reusing it.
  • the catalyst used in the present invention is a product according to Japanese Patent No. 4894055, which is obtained by sulfonating at a temperature of 160 to 200 ° C. by putting carbides or wood chips in concentrated sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid. .
  • the chemical cracking carbonization treatment method of the present invention uses a heater disposed on the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical drum to heat the temperature in the drum to 95 ° C. to 120 ° C.
  • the garbage put into the drum using the blades is stirred while being in contact with the catalyst.
  • By using a plurality of stirring blades having different heights it is possible to prevent the contents from being in the same posture and to prevent them from becoming lumpy.
  • the covalent bond between the organic molecules of the garbage is cut by the electron withdrawing action of the catalyst, and the organic matter of the garbage is decomposed into carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and other elements.
  • hydrogen reacts with oxygen in the drum and is discharged as steam along with nitrogen from the vapor vent hole.
  • the extracted carbide can be widely reused as a plant growth promotion, solid fuel, blast furnace antioxidant, activated carbon, etc. due to the moisturizing effect in the soil.
  • the invention of claim 2 is a method in the case of processing garbage in units of one day.
  • garbage is sequentially put in a predetermined amount every predetermined time.
  • the time interval and the amount to be charged are determined according to the capability of the processing device.
  • the drum is rotated until the product obtained by carbonizing the organic matter of the garbage reaches a size of 5 mm or less.
  • the next garbage is thrown in when the carbide
  • the carbide may be taken out by opening a number of discharge holes provided in the drum.
  • the timing which takes out the carbonization product by garbage is detected, and it is made to process efficiently.
  • This utilizes the property that the exothermic temperature of the catalyst rises to about 10 ° C. immediately before the organic matter in the garbage is completely carbonized.
  • the temperature rise can be detected by detecting with a temperature sensor installed in the drum. Only by detecting the temperature of the catalyst, it is possible to know the timing of completing the garbage processing step and taking out the carbide.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention relates to a garbage disposal apparatus for realizing the method of the present invention.
  • a cylindrical rotating drum, a heater for heating disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum, an openable / closable inlet lid provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum, and a slide plate slidably attached to the inlet lid A provided hole for discharging carbide having a diameter of 5 mm or less, a lid for opening and closing the discharge hole, a plurality of stirring blades provided in the drum, and a steam vent provided in a side surface of the drum; It is configured.
  • the processing procedure by this apparatus is the same as that of the method invention.
  • one end side of the rotating drum is pivotally supported, and the other end side is rotatably supported by two or more rollers.
  • a circular outflow inlet that serves both as exhaust of steam and input of garbage is provided at the center on the other end side.
  • Connect the housing to the outflow inlet make the top surface of the housing an opening surface, provide a steam exhaust port on the side of the housing, and always close the opening on the top surface of the housing inside the housing, and put in garbage Sometimes a flap is provided to close the steam outlet. Accordingly, it is possible to add additional garbage while rotating the rotating drum and performing chemical decomposition treatment with the catalyst.
  • Other configurations and operational effects are the same as those of the invention of claim 4.
  • the lid for opening and closing provided at the inlet of the rotating drum of the invention of claim 4 is unnecessary.
  • carbonization proceeds in the final step of the garbage treatment, and the dust of the carbide rises in the rotating drum.
  • This dust is discharged through the exhaust pipe.
  • dust also rises in the housing.
  • This dust is discharged through an exhaust pipe by a dust collection pipe. Therefore, a vertical rotating brush is provided on the downstream side of the exhaust pipe so that the dust is struck down and stored in the lower tank. Therefore, dust is not included in the exhaust discharged to the atmosphere downstream of the rotating brush. Further, a part of the water vapor discharged from the rotating drum in the middle of the process collides with the rotating brush to form droplets, and falls into a tank below and is stored.
  • the water stored in the tank provided below the rotating brush is refluxed by overflow from the housing side into the rotating drum through the exhaust pipe, and is vaporized by the heat in the rotating drum.
  • the dust in the tank may be taken out periodically, dried and recycled.
  • a vaporizing heater is provided on the downstream side of the rotating brush to completely vaporize the water vapor contained in the exhaust gas after exiting the rotating brush and release it from the downstream side to the atmosphere.
  • the exhaust gas is made free from water vapor.
  • the exhaust gas exiting the vaporizing heater section initially has a odor peculiar to garbage, and after carbonization has a charcoal odor, but is disposed downstream of the vaporizing heater section. Odor can be removed by the deodorizing device.
  • the deodorization by activated carbon, the deodorization by ozone, etc. are applicable as a deodorization apparatus.
  • FIG. 2 shows a carbide take-out mechanism applicable to the apparatus of the second embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. (A) is a front view of a rotating drum showing a closed state, and FIG. (B) is an open state. It is a front view of the rotating drum shown. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional front view which shows the whole garbage processing apparatus which concerns on 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is a cross-sectional top view which shows the whole garbage processing apparatus which concerns on 3rd embodiment of this invention.
  • the configuration of the present invention will be described below based on the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • This embodiment is designed to have the ability to produce 5 kg of garbage in a single process.
  • the overall size of the apparatus is 650 mm wide x 850 mm deep x 950 mm high, and the diameter of the rotating drum. Is 600 mm ⁇ thickness 300 mm, and the capacity is 84.78 L.
  • the heater for heating is single-phase 200V, 4.5KW, and the motor with a reduction gear is 100V, 1KW. Further, the weight of the entire apparatus is 50 kg, and the entire apparatus is extremely light and compact. As shown in the front view of FIG. 1 and the vertical cross-sectional side view of FIG.
  • the garbage processing apparatus 1 includes intermediate frames 3a and 3b attached between the front and rear frames on the left and right sides of the frame 2 on which the frame is formed.
  • the rotary drum 4 is pivotally mounted via shafts 5a and 5b.
  • the rotating drum 4 is connected to a motor 6 with a speed reducer via a sprocket 7.
  • Reference numeral 8 denotes a manual rotation handle of the rotary drum 4.
  • a sheathed heater 9 for heating is divided into an appropriate number of regions and attached to each region, and is connected to a 200V power source via a rotary electrode (not shown).
  • a rectangular slot 10 having a length of 280 mm ⁇ width 280 mm is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum 4, and a slot 12 is attached to the slot 12 via a hinge 11 so as to be freely opened and closed.
  • the lid 12 is unlocked by rotating the handle 13.
  • An opening 12A is formed at a position of the lid 12 facing the insertion port 10, and a slide plate 15 is slidably attached to the opening.
  • the slide plate 15 has two regions: a region where a large number of discharge holes 14 having a diameter of 5 mm are formed, and a region where no discharge holes are provided.
  • the discharge hole 14 is arranged in the region of the opening 12 ⁇ / b> A of the lid 12 in the step of discharging the carbide, and the region where the discharge hole is not provided at the time of chemical decomposition treatment of garbage Closes the opening 12A.
  • a pin 16 is disposed to face each discharge hole 14 of the slide plate 15 so as to be movable back and forth with respect to the discharge hole 14.
  • the pin 16 has a conical column shape with a diameter of 4 mm at the maximum portion with a sharp tip, and is fixed upright on the mounting substrate 17. By urging the mounting substrate 17 with an elastic body 18 such as a spring, the pin 16 is normally retracted from the discharge hole 14.
  • a swing roller 19 is attached to the outer peripheral surface side of the mounting substrate 17.
  • the rocking rollers 19 are arranged in pairs facing left and right so that the mounting substrate 17 can rock stably without tilting in the left-right direction.
  • the rocking roller 19 abuts on a plate-shaped uneven guide path 20 disposed below the rotating drum 4 when the carbide is discharged, and swings the mounting substrate 16 in the vertical direction (in the direction of the drum center axis). 14 to scrape carbides.
  • the uneven guide path 20 is provided on both left and right ends of the carbide receiving tray 26 in FIG.
  • stirring blades 21 and 22 On the inner peripheral surface of the rotating drum 4, eight stirring blades 21 and 22 having different heights are radially fixed. In this case, although two types of height are used, a plurality of types higher than that may be used.
  • An inclined plate 23 is attached to the base of each of the stirring blades 21 and 22 to prevent the contents from becoming sticky and remaining attached.
  • the inclined plate 23 may be formed by welding.
  • a steam vent hole 25 is formed so as to penetrate therethrough. In this embodiment, four are provided on one side, but a plurality of other numbers may be used.
  • the steam vent hole 24 may be provided with a pressure valve so that steam is automatically released when the pressure exceeds a predetermined pressure.
  • a catalyst is prepared.
  • the catalyst is obtained by putting a carbide or a piece of wood in concentrated sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid and sulfonating at a temperature of 160 to 200 ° C., and is molded to have a diameter of 7 mm to 9 mm.
  • the lid 12 of the rotating drum 4 is opened, and 300 g of a dedicated catalyst having a diameter of 7 mm to 9 mm is charged from the charging port 10.
  • the input amount of the catalyst may be 6% of the garbage processing capacity. Subsequently, 5 kg of garbage is introduced.
  • the heater 9 stretched around the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum 4 is turned on, and heating of the garbage and the catalyst is started. Heating is performed by ON / OFF control of the heater 9 so as to maintain 110 ° C. by a temperature sensor (not shown) provided in the drum. Simultaneously with the start of heating, the motor 6 with a speed reducer is driven to rotate the rotating drum 4.
  • the garbage and the catalyst are stirred by the stirring blades 21 and 22 by the rotation of the drum 4.
  • the garbage has different degrees of rotation when falling over the stirring blade, and as a result, the garbage comes into contact with each other while being evenly mixed.
  • the inclined plate 23 is provided at the base of the stirring blades 21 and 22, there is no possibility that garbage is deposited and deposited on this portion and becomes lumpy.
  • the heating temperature in the drum is maintained at 110 ° C., the moisture in the garbage is gradually reduced and reduced in volume.
  • garbage is an organic substance, and its molecule is composed of a combination of several kinds of atoms such as a hydrogen atom H, an oxygen atom O, a nitrogen atom N, etc., with a chain of carbon atoms C (carbon chain) as a skeleton. .
  • atoms are combined by sharing electrons in the electron orbit around the nucleus (covalent bond) to form a molecule.
  • the shared electrons have negative electrical properties, and nuclei contain neutrons and protons with positive electrical properties.
  • the number of atoms in the organic molecule is such that the hydrogen atom H, the oxygen atom O, and the nitrogen atom N are much larger than the carbon atom C, and the qualities are large.
  • the oxygen atom O and the nitrogen atom N in the molecule have an electron withdrawing property that pulls the shared electron toward itself.
  • the dedicated catalyst used in the present invention has the property of further enhancing the electron withdrawing properties of oxygen atoms O and nitrogen atoms N.
  • the garbage agitated in the rotating drum 4 comes into contact with a dedicated catalyst, so that the electron withdrawing action of oxygen atoms O and nitrogen atoms N in the molecules constituting the organic matter is strengthened, and carbon atoms C and As a result, the atoms C, H, N, O, etc. of the organic molecules are chemically decomposed and fall apart.
  • the hydrogen atoms H are combined with oxygen atoms O immediately decomposed and oxygen O atoms contained in the air in the drum 4 to form water vapor. This water vapor is discharged to the outside together with nitrogen atoms N and other atoms from a vapor vent hole 25 provided in the side plate 24 of the drum 4.
  • the treatment of garbage in the present invention is a chemical decomposition treatment and does not involve incineration, so that no harmful components such as carbon dioxide and dioxin are generated, and the environment is extremely excellent.
  • the garbage which has been chemically decomposed in this way will generate carbides consisting only of carbon C component in the rotating drum 4, and this product will gradually become particles due to the stirring action by the stirring blades 21 and 22. It becomes smaller and eventually becomes powdery.
  • This carbide has a function as activated carbon, and also has a function of absorbing the odor in the drum, so that the odor peculiar to garbage is not discharged to the outside during the treatment.
  • the temperature sensor may be composed of a thermocouple that is inserted into the drum using the internal space with the rotating shaft 5b of the drum 4 as a hollow shaft.
  • the roller 19 swings up and down with the rotation, and as a result, the pin 16 moves back and forth with respect to the discharge hole 14, and the carbide in the drum having a diameter of about 2 mm is received in the tray. It is scraped to 26.
  • the catalyst is formed in a size of 7 mm to 9 mm, the catalyst is not discharged together with the carbide, and the sieving operation of the catalyst and the carbide is unnecessary.
  • the collected carbide can be reused widely as a plant growth promotion, solid fuel, refractory participation inhibitor, activated carbon, etc. due to the moisturizing effect in the soil.
  • the rotary drum 27 has a hollow shaft 28 attached to one end side and is supported by a frame, and the other end side is provided with two rollers on the lower side via a disk-like flange 29. It is rotatably supported by 30a and 30b. In addition, if necessary, the upper side may be rotatably supported by a roller at one place or a plurality of places.
  • a circular opening 31 is formed at the center of the end face on the flange side.
  • the opening 31 is an outflow inlet that doubles as a steam exhaust port and a garbage input port.
  • a housing 33 is connected to the outflow inlet 31 through a pipe 32.
  • the housing 33 is open on the upper surface side, and a water vapor exhaust pipe 34 is connected to the side surface thereof.
  • the flap 35 is attached to the inner side surface of the housing
  • the flap 35 is normally in a horizontal position so as to close the opening on the upper surface side, and is biased by an elastic body such as a spring.
  • an elastic body such as a spring.
  • the length of the flap 35 is set so that when garbage is thrown in, the position where it can be rotated and returned naturally from the position of the chain line to the position of the solid line is the throwing capacity of 5 kg. If the flap 35 cannot be automatically restored, the input capacity is 5 kg or more, and the garbage should be taken out until it reaches 5 kg.
  • the disk-shaped side plates on both sides are extended in the outer diameter direction more than the outer peripheral surface plate.
  • the sheathed heater 9 is attached to the outer peripheral surface plate of the drum, the outer peripheral surface side is covered with the heat insulating wool 36, and the heat insulating plate 37 is attached between the disk-shaped side plates on both sides to improve the heating efficiency. ing.
  • This configuration can also be applied to the first embodiment. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the heater 9 is turned on and the drum 27 is rotated. Then, 300 g of catalyst and 5 kg of garbage are put into the housing 33.
  • the flap 35 closes the communication port of the steam exhaust pipe 34 as shown by a chain line in FIG. If necessary, the garbage can be pushed in and the garbage can be put into the rotary drum 27 from the outflow inlet 31 via the connection pipe 32. After the introduction, the flap 35 automatically returns to the horizontal position shown by the solid line in FIG. 6, closes the upper surface side opening, and opens the communication port on the water vapor exhaust pipe 34 side.
  • the heating of the drum causes the catalyst to come into contact with the garbage, and the chemical decomposition reaction weakens the intermolecular covalent bond of carbon C and decomposes it into each component of C, O, H, N. It is the same as the case of form.
  • hydrogen H is combined with oxygen O and becomes steam, and is discharged from the outlet 31 through the connection pipe 32, the casing 33, and the exhaust pipe 34 to the outside.
  • a catalyst for deodorizing the odor of the garbage itself may be disposed in the middle of the exhaust pipe 34.
  • a drain port for discharging water droplets in which water vapor is converted into droplets may be provided at the bottom of the housing 33.
  • the timing of input is arbitrary. However, as a guideline, it is necessary not to exceed 5 kg within one hour. This is because the processing capacity in the drum is limited. This can be changed depending on the size of the drum. Thereafter, it is only necessary to repeatedly throw in the garbage.
  • the temperature in the drum becomes higher by about 10 ° C. to 15 ° C. than the set temperature due to the reaction heat of the catalyst. By measuring this with a temperature sensor 38 of a thermocouple inserted into the drum from the rotary shaft 28, it is possible to detect the timing of taking out the carbide. Carbide removal is the same as in the case of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 shows a carbide take-out mechanism applicable to the apparatus according to the second embodiment.
  • the figure (A) of the figure is a front view of the rotating drum 4 showing the closed state
  • the figure (B) is a front view of the rotating drum 4 showing the opened state.
  • this carbide take-out mechanism is provided with a flat region 39 on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum 4, and a plurality of disk-shaped opening / closing lids 40 are rotatably attached to the region 39.
  • the open / close lid 40 is provided with a fan-shaped blind cover portion 42 and a fan-shaped opening portion 43.
  • the discharge holes 14 for discharging the generated carbide of 5 mm or less are arranged in a fan shape and facing each other, and the blind cover portion of the opening / closing cover 40 42, 42 or the opening portions 43, 43.
  • the procedure for the chemical decomposition treatment of garbage using a dedicated catalyst in the rotating drum 4 is as described in the embodiment of FIGS.
  • the blind cover portions 42 and 42 of the open / close lid 40 are used to close the discharge hole 14 provided in the flat region 39 of the rotary drum 4.
  • the rotation of the rotating drum 4 is temporarily stopped.
  • the handle 41 is operated to rotate the opening / closing lid 40 by 90 degrees, and the opening portions 43 and 43 are arranged corresponding to the region of the discharge hole 14.
  • housings 44 are provided outside the rotating drum 27 to form a closed rotating drum chamber 45.
  • An opening / closing lid provided with two disk-shaped openings 46 in a flat region 39 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotary drum 27, and a plurality of discharge holes 14 having a diameter of 5 mm or less corresponding to the disk-shaped openings. 47 is provided.
  • the discharge hole 14 is opened and closed by rotating a knob 48 of the opening / closing lid 47 with a tool such as a box wrench.
  • An opening is provided in the upper corner of the housing 44 on one side, and a dust collection pipe 50 is connected via an exhaust fan 49, and this is connected in communication with the exhaust pipe 34.
  • a dust separation device 51 is disposed downstream of the exhaust pipe 34.
  • the dust separation device 51 includes a rotating brush 52, a motor 53 that rotates the rotating brush 52, and a tank portion 54 that continues to the lower side of the rotating brush 52.
  • the exhaust pipe 34 that connects the dust separation device 51 and the housing 33 in communication is inclined downward from the dust separation device 51 side toward the housing 33 side. Thereby, the water overflowed from the tank part 54 of the dust separation device 51 flows into the housing 33 through the exhaust pipe 34 and flows into the rotary drum 27.
  • the dust collection pipe 50 is connected to the opening of the housing 44 so as to rise upward from the communication connection part of the exhaust pipe 34 so that overflow water does not flow to the dust collection pipe 50 side.
  • the flapper 35 (see FIGS. 4 and 6) is not provided in the housing 33 so that the steam generated in the rotating drum 27 is always discharged. Therefore, the opening of the housing 33 is exposed to the upper casing of the apparatus main body, and this can be arbitrarily opened / closed by the opening / closing lid 58. Further, in the third embodiment, the two-stage deodorizing devices 55 and 56 are disposed on the downstream side of the dust separating device 51, and the deodorizing fan 57 is disposed therebetween.
  • the rotating drum 27 is rotated while being heated, and the solid acid catalyst is brought into contact with the garbage in the rotating drum 27 and carbonized by chemical decomposition, as in the first and second embodiments.
  • This third embodiment is characterized by processing of steam and exhaust generated in the rotating drum 27 and processing of dust generated when taking out the carbide after carbonization.
  • the water vapor generated in the rotary drum 27 flows into the housing 27 from the garbage input port 29 by the suction force of the deodorizing fan 57 and flows into the dust separation device 51 through the exhaust pipe 34.
  • the water vapor collides with the brush 52 rotated by the motor 53, and a part of the water vapor is dropped into droplets and stored in the tank unit 54.
  • the stored water in the tank portion 54 overflows from here, flows into the housing 33 through the exhaust pipe 34, and further flows into the rotary drum 27. That is, it is refluxed into the rotating drum 27. Then, it is vaporized in a thermal environment atmosphere around 120 ° C. in the rotating drum 27.
  • the vaporized gas (exhaust gas) flows into the dust separation device 51 through the casing 33 and the exhaust pipe 34.
  • the exhaust gas that has passed through the dust separation device 51 is sucked into the exhaust fan 57 and flows into the two-stage deodorization devices 55 and 56 to be deodorized.
  • an activated carbon filter or an ozone generator can be applied as the deodorizing device.
  • the exhaust gas discharged from the deodorizing device 56 after the deodorizing treatment into the atmosphere is odorless including a part of the water vapor.
  • the garbage put into the rotary drum 27 is reduced in volume by evaporation of water, and comes into contact with the solid acid catalyst and is bonded with carbon C by the chemical decomposition action.
  • the bond strength between each atom and carbon C is weakened, and each atom is broken apart and chemically decomposed. And it is exhausted as a gas of H 2 O, N. Only carbon C remains in the rotating drum 27.
  • the final step of the garbage treatment is a carbonization treatment step.
  • carbide dust flows from the rotary drum 27 into the dust separation device 51 through the housing 33 and the exhaust pipe 34.
  • the carbide dust is struck down by the rotation of the rotating brush 52, and settles and accumulates in the water of the steam that has been formed into droplets in the lower tank 54.
  • the precipitated dust may be taken out periodically, dried, and recycled.
  • the solid acid catalyst is heated to several tens of degrees. By detecting this, the carbide in the rotating drum 27 may be taken out. To remove the carbide, the rotation of the rotary drum 27 is temporarily stopped, the knob 48 shown in FIG. 8 is rotated with a wrench, and as shown in FIG. The rotating drum 27 may be rotated. When the opening 46 of the rotating drum 27 comes to a lower position, the carbide is discharged from the discharge hole 14 to the lower receiving tray 26.
  • the exhaust fan 49 is driven to suck carbide dust floating in the rotary drum chamber 45 and sent from the dust collection pipe 50 to the dust separator 51 through the exhaust pipe 34. Yes.
  • carbide dust is knocked down by the rotation of the rotating brush 52, and is precipitated and stored in the tank 54 below. The precipitated dust may be taken out periodically, dried, and recycled.
  • FIG. 11 relates to the fourth embodiment.
  • a heater 59 for causing the pipe 59 on the downstream side of the dust separator 51 to meander and vaporize water vapor is provided in the meander. Therefore, the water vapor discharged without being formed into droplets by the rotating brush 52 of the dust separation device 51 is vaporized by heating in the vaporization heater section 60 and sent to the deodorization devices 55 and 56 side as exhaust not containing water vapor. It becomes like this. And after deodorizing, it discharge
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and appropriate modifications are possible.
  • the size and the like of the rotating drum 4 may be arbitrarily changed depending on the processing capacity.
  • the generated carbide with a diameter of 2 mm is discharged by disposing the pin 16 by repeating the ON / OFF control to the solenoid valve by arranging a solenoid valve instead of the member that is elastically attached to the mounting substrate 17.
  • the carbide may be scraped out from the drum 4 by advancing and retreating to the hole 14.
  • the carbide when the carbide is stirred until it becomes powdery, it can be discharged naturally from the discharge hole 14 without being actively scraped through the forward / backward movement of the pin 16. It is. In this case, the pin 16 can be omitted.
  • the solenoid valve may be automatically turned on and off to advance and retract the pin 16 with respect to the discharge hole 14 to scrape the carbide from the drum 4.
  • the slide plate 15 is not necessary, and the solenoid valve may be operated so that the pin 16 normally closes the discharge hole 14.
  • the rotary drum 27 is automatically stopped by the signal from the temperature sensor 38, the discharge hole 14 is positioned on the opening surface, and then the rotary drum 27 is rotated for a predetermined time so that the carbide is automatically discharged. It is also possible to program.

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PCT/JP2013/069634 2012-07-28 2013-07-19 Procédé et dispositif pour traiter des déchets de cuisine Ceased WO2014021121A1 (fr)

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CN104759247A (zh) * 2015-03-25 2015-07-08 胡振强 节能反应锅炉
CN107266131A (zh) * 2017-08-10 2017-10-20 嵊州市科灵机械有限公司 一种大型环保发酵桶
CN109355068A (zh) * 2018-10-17 2019-02-19 广州市挂绿环保工程有限公司 一种热解炉
CN110242975A (zh) * 2019-05-31 2019-09-17 山东郓城琦泉生物发电有限公司 一种基于生物发电烟气余热制造干料的多功能干料棚
CN113209320A (zh) * 2021-04-25 2021-08-06 南京三美农业发展有限公司 一种制备微生物有机肥料的杀菌消毒装置及其杀菌消毒方法
CN116585935A (zh) * 2023-07-11 2023-08-15 连云港欣之创新型建材有限公司 一种建材加工粉料自动混合机及其使用方法

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CN109340802B (zh) * 2018-10-17 2021-06-01 广州市挂绿环保工程有限公司 一种旋风分离器
AU2020454529A1 (en) * 2020-06-25 2023-01-19 Act Co., Ltd. Organic waste recycling device, and recycling method therefor
KR102384929B1 (ko) * 2021-07-12 2022-04-11 주식회사 하이젠테크솔루션 유기성 폐기물용 저온 촉매 처리시스템
JP7589123B2 (ja) * 2021-09-13 2024-11-25 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション 廃棄物処理方法

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CN104759247A (zh) * 2015-03-25 2015-07-08 胡振强 节能反应锅炉
CN104759247B (zh) * 2015-03-25 2016-09-21 江苏天鹏机电制造有限公司 节能反应锅炉
CN107266131A (zh) * 2017-08-10 2017-10-20 嵊州市科灵机械有限公司 一种大型环保发酵桶
CN109355068A (zh) * 2018-10-17 2019-02-19 广州市挂绿环保工程有限公司 一种热解炉
CN110242975A (zh) * 2019-05-31 2019-09-17 山东郓城琦泉生物发电有限公司 一种基于生物发电烟气余热制造干料的多功能干料棚
CN110242975B (zh) * 2019-05-31 2020-08-28 山东郓城琦泉生物发电有限公司 一种基于生物发电烟气余热制造干料的多功能干料棚
CN113209320A (zh) * 2021-04-25 2021-08-06 南京三美农业发展有限公司 一种制备微生物有机肥料的杀菌消毒装置及其杀菌消毒方法
CN116585935A (zh) * 2023-07-11 2023-08-15 连云港欣之创新型建材有限公司 一种建材加工粉料自动混合机及其使用方法
CN116585935B (zh) * 2023-07-11 2023-10-20 连云港欣之创新型建材有限公司 一种建材加工粉料自动混合机及其使用方法

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